[HN Gopher] The Bit Short: Inside Crypto's Doomsday Machine
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Bit Short: Inside Crypto's Doomsday Machine
        
       Author : tim333
       Score  : 241 points
       Date   : 2021-01-15 08:35 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (crypto-anonymous-2021.medium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (crypto-anonymous-2021.medium.com)
        
       | Majromax wrote:
       | > Now fast-forward one year. In March of 2020, I bought a large
       | amount of Bitcoin. At the time, I saw a market dislocation and
       | the likelihood of significant dollar inflation due to the US
       | Government's likely response to the unfolding pandemic.
       | 
       | I'm frustrated by this statement. If you predict inflation in the
       | USD that is not currently priced into the market, then there are
       | already plenty of _conventional_ ways to make money on the
       | prediction.
       | 
       | For example, go long on real-return (inflation-adjusted) bonds,
       | and go short on nominal bonds. Or purchase call options on
       | commodities (preferably ones like food or energy that would be
       | directly part of the predicted inflation). Or just invest in
       | less-speculative equities like utilities or transport.
       | 
       | There's no need to structure investments to _also_ bring in the
       | entire unhinged, speculative nature of cryptocurrencies just to
       | place a bet on inflation. Bitcoin (vs the USD) has had tenfold
       | increases (year-over-year) and larger than 50% drops, all against
       | a USD that has not in fact experienced abrupt price-level swings
       | (expressed in terms of consumer goods).
        
         | optimiz3 wrote:
         | My favorite way to short the dollar is to use fixed-rate debt
         | to buy productive assets (real-estate, etc.). Double whammy.
         | Assets in general should keep pace with inflation and fixed-
         | rate debt gets inflated away.
        
           | throwawaypali wrote:
           | Does this actually work if you're being paid a salary in USD
           | that wont likely rise with inflation?
        
       | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
       | >On January 9th, 2021, I liquidated my crypto position for USD.
       | 
       | Crypto Anonymous, you sold extremely early, I'm sorry.
       | 
       | https://digitalik.net/btc/
        
       | mckirk wrote:
       | Thanks for this article, I've gotten out of crypto for the moment
       | for the exact same reason.
       | 
       | The probability that something fishy is going on which would
       | trigger a panic-sale when it's discovered is too high until we
       | know more about the court case against Tether, imho.
       | 
       | Though all the people insisting on calling this FUD do make me
       | wonder whether I'm seeing things or this is an "emperor's new
       | clothes" situation.
        
       | christiansakai wrote:
       | I wonder what will happen to DeFi and the entire Ethereum
       | network, because Tether is largely used in DeFi transactions.
        
       | dannyw wrote:
       | This is nothing more than FUD designed to benefit a short
       | position. The reason why exchanges like Binance and Bybit have
       | their inflows from Tether... is because (as the author explains)
       | they only take Tether!
       | 
       | Why do they only take Tether? Because US banking is incredibly
       | expensive and a regulatory nightmare.
       | 
       | Why do people use Tether exchanges, over Coinbase? Not just
       | because of leverage, but also because many do not AML/KYC,
       | especially if you only deal with crypto. A LOT of people in the
       | crypto community don't like to pay taxes, and we've known this
       | from day one.
       | 
       | Many crypto enthusiasts also boycott "regulated" exchanges like
       | Coinbase, because they shut down accounts if you use it to gamble
       | on a sportsbook, or whatever their surveillance doesn't like.
       | 
       | So it should not be a surprise that many people in the crypto
       | community, me being one of them, actually prefer to use Tether
       | and Tether exchanges.
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | The "all the banks in <random caribeean island> only hold a
         | tiny fraction of the cash Tether claims to own" argument is a
         | fairly solid one.
         | 
         | Care to deconstruct it?
        
         | doggosphere wrote:
         | How about Tether's refusal to do an open audit of its books?
         | 
         | Or when they had some funds seized and loaned funds between
         | Bitfinex and Tether, breaking the 1:1 peg?
        
         | anfogoat wrote:
         | > Why do people use Tether exchanges, over Coinbase? Not just
         | because of leverage, but also because many do not AML/KYC,
         | especially if you only deal with crypto. A LOT of people in the
         | crypto community don't like to pay taxes, and we've known this
         | from day one.
         | 
         | I don't know if evading taxes is the main reason but it is
         | definitely not the only one. Going through KYC is an
         | embarrassing and demeaning experience, unless you like prancing
         | in front of a camera.
         | 
         | It is also close to equivalent to just plastering your picture
         | and ID all over the public Internet as that is exactly where
         | they'll end up when your exchange of choice is eventually
         | broken into.
         | 
         | Just another gift from the anointed ones.
        
       | PaulAJ wrote:
       | So if I understand this correctly, you can go to one of these
       | pyramid scheme exchanges, tank up on highly leveraged tethers,
       | and then go sell them on Kraken. Do this often enough and you
       | will drain the resources of the pyramid scheme, causing it to
       | collapse. So you make a profit and provide a social good all on
       | one smooth move.
       | 
       | Have I got that right?
        
         | Erlich_Bachman wrote:
         | How exactly do you plan to make a profit in this scenario?
        
           | PaulAJ wrote:
           | Well, if I understand the OP correctly, it sounds like
           | tethers are basically being printed and sold cheap in return
           | for real money, so lots of people think they have a profit
           | because they have more tethers than the dollars they started
           | with. So if you can get in to that situation and then quickly
           | sell the tethers before the whole thing collapses then you
           | should be in the money.
           | 
           | OTOH if that isn't possible then the allegation that this
           | whole thing is a pyramid scheme fails.
        
             | Erlich_Bachman wrote:
             | > sold cheap
             | 
             | Where? Find a place that consistently sells tether cheap.
             | If anything, the lack of this place is a sign of poor
             | research base for the original article.
             | 
             | They mention that some exchanges give tether "prises"
             | sometimes, on some occasions, to a select number of users.
             | I don't see how that is so bad, and neither do I see how
             | you could consistently profit from that. Those incentives
             | are likely to be once per user, or once per referred
             | customer, etc. There are likely protections in the form of
             | "you have to trade for this much in order to realize the
             | total prise amount". I don't see how this is any different
             | from bonuses that many online casinos give out, and no one
             | takes that as a sign that a given casino that does this is
             | insolvent.
        
               | azeirah wrote:
               | Good point, for those tethers to have that big an
               | influence on the market, they need to get into the hands
               | of real people buying tether with real money somehow.
               | 
               | According to the article it looks like this
               | 
               | 1. Person buys btc with usd on coinbase or equivalent
               | 
               | 2. Moves btc to shady exchange with tether promotions
               | 
               | Those promotions need to be _huge_ in for those newly
               | minted tethers to get into the hands of real people
               | trading.
               | 
               | I looked at the site with promotions linked by the
               | article, and the front page features a couple of missions
               | that give 50 USDT total for doing things like "join our
               | telegram group", "set up a notification on our app".
        
         | leppr wrote:
         | You can do this indeed but that'll cost you money as USDT is
         | valued slightly below 1 USD, and you will incur slippage the
         | larger your amount is. The best way to withdraw large amounts
         | of Tether's to USD is through their platform itself, for a
         | fixed ~$1000 fee.
        
       | ForHackernews wrote:
       | Is there any way to "short" bitcoin? I don't really trust any of
       | the fly-by-night cryptocurrency exchanges, but is there a real
       | derivatives market somewhere?
        
         | brobinson wrote:
         | My broker has allowed trading their futures since 2017:
         | https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/index.php?f=25379
        
         | genericacct wrote:
         | The Chicago Mercantile Exchange:
         | https://www.cmegroup.com/trading/equity-index/us-index/bitco...
        
         | garmaine wrote:
         | LedgerX options.
        
         | doggosphere wrote:
         | Short on Coinbase Pro, or Kraken
        
           | DSingularity wrote:
           | You can short on pro?
        
             | doggosphere wrote:
             | My bad, you can go margin but not short.
             | 
             | Kraken can short though.
        
               | ForHackernews wrote:
               | Is Kraken SEC regulated?
        
               | doggosphere wrote:
               | Assume so, based in US, available for 48 states.
               | 
               | https://support.kraken.com/hc/en-
               | us/articles/360031282351-Is...
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | See if someone will loan you Bitcoin, paid back in Bitcoin.
         | Then you sell the Bitcoin, wait for the price to go down, and
         | buy some to pay back the loan.
        
       | dylkil wrote:
       | >But during the same period, total issued Tethers increased by
       | almost $5.4 billion -- going from $4.6B to $10B
       | 
       | >The implication was shocking: there weren't nearly enough
       | dollars in all the domestic banks in the Bahamas to >back the
       | Tethers that were floating around in the crypto market.
       | 
       | Doesn't match up with whats shown here[1], Bahamas banks are
       | holding 110bn in customer deposits.
       | 
       | [1]https://stats.bis.org/statx/srs/tseries/LBS_D_PUB/Q:S:L:A:US..
       | .
        
         | EliRivers wrote:
         | Upvoted for coming armed with an actual fact related to the
         | article, disagreeing with the author's premise based on some
         | actual evidence. Might be right, might be wrong, but it's
         | something other than just more opinion. Wish I could upvote
         | more than once.
        
           | piva00 wrote:
           | I'd like to point out for you to refrain commenting in this
           | style, it reeks of reddit-ism. Also, another comment [1]
           | clarified why the original commenter's analysis might be
           | flawed.
           | 
           | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25789949
        
         | acoustic wrote:
         | Those numbers are for all bank offices located in the Bahamas,
         | most of which are foreign bank branches. The numbers in the row
         | "By type of bank - Domestic banks" [1] appear consistent with
         | the article.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://stats.bis.org/statx/srs/table/A5?c=BS&m=S&p=20202&o=...
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | cryptoanonymous wrote:
           | Author here; this is the correct answer. The larger number
           | refers to all banks. Deltec is known to be a domestic bank,
           | so we can use the smaller number to get tighter uncertainty
           | bounds on its currency flows.
        
       | csomar wrote:
       | I'd be very careful to take advice from this guy.
       | 
       | 1. He's definitively bad at investing. He doesn't have an
       | investment strategy, and probably never heard of portfolio re-
       | balancing.
       | 
       | 2. He got in lucky and made some good returns. Now he thinks he
       | is a genius because of that, and as a result can predict the next
       | market move.
       | 
       | 3. He didn't do good market research. For example, most of the
       | volume in USDT is faked by the exchanges. Coinbase, GBTC, and CME
       | each one of these is are probably bigger than USDT in size and
       | volume. Unregulated derivatives are an alternative to USDT for
       | more sophisticated traders and they are also huge.
       | 
       | 4.USDT is now also used outside of the crypto-market. Not because
       | it is great, but because of the practicality. This offshore
       | unregulated market of USD is worth in the $ trillions. USDT
       | having a market cap of a dozen billions is really peanuts. That
       | being said, I'd be more interested in an investigative journalism
       | on how Tether has succeeded in moving such amounts of money while
       | avoiding all the KYC bonanza a regular joe (or business) has to
       | go through.
        
         | mathgenius wrote:
         | > For example, most of the volume in USDT is faked by the
         | exchanges.
         | 
         | I agree this volume cannot be trusted. Much like the asian
         | volume in 2017 turned out to be mostly fake. I find it hard to
         | believe that Binance got so big so fast.
        
         | cryptoanonymous wrote:
         | Hi, I'm the author.
         | 
         | > He doesn't have an investment strategy, and probably never
         | heard of portfolio re-balancing.
         | 
         | This is perhaps a reasonable inference to draw based only on
         | the information in the article, but it is incorrect. Without
         | going into too much detail, the missing context is that I have
         | effective long exposure to certain markets through my ownership
         | of founder stock in a startup that operates in those markets.
         | And while I place a high expectation value on that stock, it's
         | also illiquid and can't be easily hedged. For reasons I didn't
         | go into in the piece, I believed Bitcoin would also serve as a
         | partial hedge for that market exposure, which justified a
         | higher allocation than one might naively expect.
         | 
         | (I'll also observe that portfolio rebalancing isn't the right
         | decision in all situations. Startup founders rationally
         | concentrate their net worths into their companies, which is
         | justified by their overwhelming informational advantage.)
         | 
         | > He got in lucky and made some good returns. Now he thinks he
         | is a genius because of that, and as a result can predict the
         | next market move.
         | 
         | I agree with the first sentence. I would strongly dispute the
         | second. It's precisely because I _don 't_ think I can predict
         | what will happen next that I've zeroed my exposure to this
         | entire ecosystem.
         | 
         | > He didn't do good market research. For example, most of the
         | volume in USDT is faked by the exchanges. Coinbase, GBTC, and
         | CME each one of these is are probably bigger than USDT in size
         | and volume. Unregulated derivatives are an alternative to USDT
         | for more sophisticated traders and they are also huge.
         | 
         | I'm aware of these claims -- there are rumors of wash trading
         | by the big unbanked exchanges that I consider quite credible. I
         | didn't include those in the piece because I wasn't able to find
         | confirmatory evidence in the time I'd allocated to research it.
         | I would be _extremely_ interested if you could share any
         | evidence you may have collected about these claims.
        
           | DSingularity wrote:
           | I like your style. Off topic question: why are you so
           | absolute in your investment decisions? Can't predict what
           | happens so you totally exit? Thought you had figured out some
           | inflation dynamics so you all-in BTC?
           | 
           | I've lately decided I need to be more moderate in my
           | investing to avoid quagmires of conflicted indecision.
        
       | ikeboy wrote:
       | >What's more, the supposed USD inputs (e.g., 401,431,056 USD in
       | the top left transaction) are giving perfectly round Tether
       | outputs (e.g., 400,000,000 USDT in the same transaction) in every
       | block -- regardless of the prevailing exchange rate or anything
       | else.
       | 
       | You're misunderstanding. There's no USD input. They're simply
       | looking at the exchange value of USDT and converting it into
       | dollars. Their data source says that USDC = $1 USD, so USDC
       | minting is in round numbers.
        
       | wslh wrote:
       | A complementary paper from 2018 investigating how Tether (USDT)
       | influenced Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency prices during the
       | 2017 boom:
       | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3195066
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | > _There's a scene in The Big Short where Mike Baum meets a
       | stripper who's taken out mortgages on five properties. The
       | stripper doesn't think there's anything wrong with doing that,
       | because her mortgage broker told her she could always refinance
       | her mortgages when the prices of her houses went up. And housing
       | prices would always go up._
       | 
       | Of course, our Government ended up bailing out people like the
       | "stripper" who would complain that they "lost their homes."
       | 
       | Let's hope the new administration doesn't bail out crypto specu-
       | vestors.
        
       | cryptoanonymous wrote:
       | Hi, I'm the author. Using a throwaway for all the obvious
       | reasons.
       | 
       | I'll try to dive into this thread over the next few hours to
       | answer any questions folks may have about this. Please feel free
       | to ask.
        
         | dgellow wrote:
         | My personal prediction (shasum256): fd559af88adde4082122c16e6b7
         | 7356a90d2a367600f43acbdd6615c3dc4cc28
        
           | ric2b wrote:
           | Wow, that's a bold prediction. Not sure I agree though.
        
       | gokhan wrote:
       | Seems like the article is flagged as hell. That's disgusting if
       | you're flagging because you're long BTC.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Today, January 15th is the court-ordered disclosure date for
       | Tether. So soon we should know how big the Tether bubble is.
       | 
       | Clearly, it's time to get out of USDT. There's no upside
       | potential, and there's a big downside potential.
        
         | soneca wrote:
         | But there will be no news for some time until the attorney
         | general's office review all the delivered documents right? Or
         | should there be relevant news in the next few days already?
        
           | dgellow wrote:
           | We don't know yet
        
       | thorwasdfasdf wrote:
       | Ok, for everyone here worried about the value of their BTC,
       | please consider this. At the end of the day, all that really
       | matters is what percentage of BTC bought was from HODLERS. If 80%
       | of all BTC bought was from HODLERS, it means the market cap of
       | BTC can NOT drop anymore than 20%, at the very maximum drop, and
       | since the number of BTC coins in existance is constant, it means
       | the drop in value of BTC is at MOST 20%.
       | 
       | The last bitcoin bubble was mostly bought up by speculators who
       | eventually sell very quickly, which what allowed the price drop
       | to occur so much because most BTC holders were not hodlers and
       | most were just speculators.
       | 
       | You can sidestep all the concerns about Tether and USDT and
       | conversion, etc. Just figure out what percentage of BTC is bought
       | by HODLERS or get some kind of estimate, and that will tell you
       | your downside risk.
       | 
       | I for one, am long BTC, because I know this time around a much
       | higher percentage of BTC was bought by HODLRs and there's a whole
       | lot more coming in 2021.
        
         | owenversteeg wrote:
         | Sorry, but this comment is wrong on every level.
         | 
         | First: that is very much not how prices work. If everyone else
         | stayed on the sidelines and did not sell or buy any Bitcoin,
         | the price could be set by two people - one buyer and one
         | seller.
         | 
         | Second: you have no way to know who bought BTC. You can get a
         | guess from various media, but you can never truly know. Large
         | amounts of Bitcoin frequently change hands in entirely private
         | transactions. Lots of volume is on shady exchanges, and of the
         | volume on legitimate exchanges - what's to say that those are
         | all "HODLERS"?
         | 
         | I have no idea what the price of Bitcoin will be in the future,
         | but your comment is definitely not correct - downside risk is
         | certainly not limited by the type of people who bought in.
        
           | thorwasdfasdf wrote:
           | What you're saying is only partially correct.
           | 
           | Imagine if everyone stayed on the sidelines and did not sell
           | any bitcoin (the HODLRS), as the number of sellers continues
           | to diminish more and more and more, this puts upward pressure
           | on bitcoin as the percentage of buyers outnumber the selllers
           | more and more. It's like trying to buy a house in the bay
           | area. there's very few people who can afford to buy a bay
           | area house but there's even fewer houses for sale and so the
           | prices keep going up and up and up.
           | 
           | What matters is the ratio of buyers to sellers. and once you
           | run out of sellers, the price starts going up again.
        
             | owenversteeg wrote:
             | No, what I said was entirely correct. I did not say "if
             | everyone did not sell any Bitcoin", I said "if everyone did
             | not sell or buy any Bitcoin".
             | 
             | I'd also like to point out that you do not need to own
             | Bitcoin to sell Bitcoin. If you believe the price of
             | Bitcoin will be lower in the future, you can borrow Bitcoin
             | and sell it now, also know as "selling short", or
             | "shorting". You can, of course, also borrow Bitcoin and not
             | sell it.
             | 
             | I would also like to mention - if you truly believe that
             | you can forecast future prices based on the psychology of
             | recent buyers, you can make lots of money. There are a
             | number of regulated markets where the buyers (or at least a
             | decent portion of them) -are- known, so if you feel that
             | you can do this, be my guest and become the next Warren
             | Buffett.
             | 
             | Finally, Bitcoin is entirely unlike Bay Area property. You
             | cannot generate Bay Area property out of thin air using
             | computers, there are no schemes being investigated for
             | printing billions of fake dollars to buy up Bay Area
             | property, and it is far less liquid than Bitcoin. The price
             | of Bay Area property also does not double in a month.
        
         | dpiers wrote:
         | There are issues with almost every assertion and conclusion in
         | this post, but I will limit my critique to the idea that the
         | downward movement of BTC is capped at the % of BTC people are
         | willing to sell. It's simply not true. The spot price of BTC is
         | a function of what people are currently willing to pay and what
         | people are willing to accept. If the primary source of demand
         | and liquidity in the BTC trading markets collapses - which this
         | article argues is Tether - the price could rapidly collapse
         | even on small trading volumes.
         | 
         | If you add in the fact that these exchanges allow trading on
         | margin, you could have a situation where people are forced to
         | liquidate their holdings regardless of the current price. It's
         | the perfect storm for a flash crash.
        
           | thorwasdfasdf wrote:
           | Ok, you make a good point about the possibility of collapsing
           | demand. but, even after tether collapses, as long as bitcoin
           | has sufficient buying demand, then there's no problem.
           | 
           | (assuming there's a fixed set of HODLRS). As bitcoin sells
           | off, the number of sellers decreases, correct?
           | 
           | Assume on a given day, 10K buyers and 10k sellers.
           | 
           | As the number of sellers decreases, the ratio of buyers to
           | sellers increases, correct?
           | 
           | maybe 10K buyers, 5k sellers, then 10k buyers, 1k sellers,
           | then 10kbuyers 500 sellers, etc. this continues to put
           | increasing upward pressure on BTC.
           | 
           | The above example would still be true even if bitcoin buying
           | demand went from 10k to 2k. (collapse of tether BTC demand)
           | 
           | All that matters is that there's a certain minimum number of
           | people willing to buy bitcoin for a given time period and the
           | HODLRs who won't sell there BTC. as long as those two
           | conditions are met, the number of buyers will soon outnumber
           | sellers. it's just math in the end.
           | 
           | how can this be wrong?
        
             | owenversteeg wrote:
             | Ah, I see. Your problem is a fundamental lack of
             | understanding of financial markets. I'd recommend
             | Investopedia as an easy way to get into understanding
             | things.
             | 
             | First of all, in financial markets there is almost never a
             | "fixed number" of buyers for anything, and especially not
             | for something like Bitcoin. If you want to see something
             | with (as good as you can get) to a fixed number of buyers,
             | look at uranium. It's almost entirely used as fuel for
             | nuclear reactors, which take years to build and to be shut
             | down, so not only is the demand very stable, the future
             | demand (for the next few years) can be pretty easily
             | predicted. You'll be surprised to see that yes, sharp price
             | drops can occur, even in such conditions.
             | 
             | Next, of course, the market of sellers for Bitcoin, "HODLR"
             | or not, certainly does not behave how you imagine. Some
             | sellers are forced to exit large Bitcoin positions every
             | day, with reasons ranging from tax liabilities not payable
             | in Bitcoin, businesses that accept Bitcoin that do not wish
             | to maintain a Bitcoin position, divorces, governments that
             | seize Bitcoin, etc etc. Then of course you have people
             | exiting Bitcoin because they're people and life happens:
             | their partner told them Bitcoin was stupid, or their
             | government added rules to holding Bitcoin that scare them,
             | or they read that a shady entity was printing billions of
             | fake dollars to buy Bitcoin, or they bought in years ago
             | and wow, they can buy a car with the profit! or they bought
             | in yesterday and the drop in price spooked them.
             | 
             | None of this is to say anything about the price of Bitcoin
             | or if you should buy Bitcoin - I'm just saying that your
             | _reasons_ are deeply flawed.
        
       | ceedan wrote:
       | Bitcoin & the crypto world has always felt like a cult to me.
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | Great article "cryptoanonymous" (welcome to HN btw): really lots
       | of information in there but...
       | 
       | Aren't you writing this because now that you could get out and
       | got the (real) USD on your bank account, you actually want the
       | price to crash very badly to buy much more coins?
       | 
       | If the price were to crash back to, say, 3K USD, wouldn't you be
       | tempted to put a few millions back in and ride to 15K and more
       | again?
        
       | robinhoodexe wrote:
       | On kraken, one can short Tether against the US Dollar. Since
       | Tether is usually pretty close to $1, I wonder if it's worth it
       | to open a short in case it's all falling apart. I mean, in case
       | of a crash the price of tether would most certainly fall, right?
        
         | ric2b wrote:
         | That's a good point, there's almost no downside to shorting
         | Tether besides the interest, since it would never go much above
         | USD.
         | 
         | Given that the interest must be wild, no?
        
       | kneel wrote:
       | Standard FUD.
       | 
       | Anonymous blogs with heavy dialogue to reach a conclusion? Where
       | is the evidence? Oh it's just a narrative.
       | 
       | Tether is used heavily in Asia. The fact that they cannot audit
       | Chinese inflows is to be expected.
       | 
       | This reminds me of all the FUD around Tesla in 2018. Just loading
       | up the spring even more.
        
       | lurker619 wrote:
       | So everybody's sure it's gonna drop, and everyone's gonna buy the
       | dip at $25k? Get ready to FOMO back in at $50k...
        
       | yeneek wrote:
       | Crypto today is pretty wild. Most of the crypto currencies are
       | trash with good intentions or straightforward scam. On the other
       | hand, the flaws make it a great opportunity for those who dare.
        
       | mattxvrsmith wrote:
       | Some people want Bitcoin to fail so much that they'll believe in
       | literal conspiracy theories if it supports their priors. A
       | legitimate market for hard money is impossible for these people
       | to believe, it must be fraud.
        
         | gfrangakis wrote:
         | On the other hand, some people want Bitcoin to succeed so much
         | - or rather want the price of Bitcoin to succeed because they
         | speculate on it - that they'll engineer some fraudulent schemes
         | in a relatively unregulated market to support their bank
         | accounts.
         | 
         | I think it's likely a bit of both, but you can't deny there is
         | something unsavory going on with Tether and these offshore
         | exchanges
        
       | yawniek wrote:
       | inaccessible. anyone got a cached version?
        
         | yawniek wrote:
         | https://archive.is/aEiLp
        
       | T-A wrote:
       | Not exactly news:
       | 
       | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3195066
        
       | asimilator wrote:
       | > Most of my wealth was exposed in the form of Bitcoin
       | 
       | Yikes.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | Kind of wish I'd done that with hindsight.
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | He didn't say most of his wealth was in the form of Bitcoin
         | when he entered the trade.
        
         | lixtra wrote:
         | If they put just 30% of his wealth in BTC, after increasing 6x
         | it would be most of his largely increased wealth.
        
       | H8crilA wrote:
       | > For the rest of 2020, my inflationary thesis looked right
       | 
       | Just to make it clear: there's absolutely no broad inflation
       | almost everywhere in the world, certainly not in the United
       | States. It may still come, but inflation is not why Bitcoin is on
       | such a tear. Look at CPI or PPI of you don't believe me.
       | 
       | Although this does remind me of the Green Lumber Trader story
       | from Taleb. Congrats on the trade!
        
         | alcio wrote:
         | inflation in consumer goods might not be high, but financial
         | assets have clearly inflated: a quick look at gold denominated
         | SPY shows it.
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | Why not TSLA/gold? That proves there is inflation! Or I know,
           | BTC/USD, that clearly proves there's lots inflation and look
           | at that bitcoin price is perfectly correlated with it!
           | 
           | (I am only half-joking here, the point is that broad
           | inflation is much much more important than some bull market
           | in this or that asset class)
           | 
           | On a more serious note a lot of commodities are looking
           | really bullish, including some foodstuffs, and that's
           | obviously not good news ...
        
             | nivenkos wrote:
             | Real estate inflation is the real driver behind practical
             | inflation all over the world though.
             | 
             | Real estate bubble -> High deposits for house purchases ->
             | High rents -> Effective inflation
             | 
             | Most governments don't include real estate (or even rent
             | payments) in their inflation calculations to keep it
             | artificially low.
        
               | H8crilA wrote:
               | > _Most governments don 't include real estate (or even
               | rent payments) in their inflation calculations to keep it
               | artificially low._
               | 
               | Housing is > 40% of the US CPI:
               | 
               | https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/relative-
               | importance/2019.pdf
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | >there's absolutely no broad inflation
         | 
         | If your measuring stick is fiat, then sure there isn't any
         | inflation.
         | 
         | However, you're using a measuring stick whose length isn't
         | constant.
         | 
         | If you use Gold as your measuring stick, then things change.
         | 
         | If you user Bitcoin as your measuring stick, things change
         | dramatically.
         | 
         | If you use real estate - can you still say there is no
         | inflation ?
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | You confused the numerator with the denominator. To get
           | inflation we put a basket of things in the numerator, and
           | currency in the denominator, then compute annualized % change
           | in the said number.
           | 
           | Now if you swap (in the denominator) the USD for either gold
           | or bitcoin you'll conclude we've been in a severe deflation
           | in 2020.
           | 
           | (I do not agree with the above, I am just fixing basic
           | mistakes in your reasoning)
           | 
           | If you would like your basket of things (the numerator) to
           | consist solely of Bitcoin or gold then go ahead but you may
           | as well put baseball collectible cards there, as it doesn't
           | relate to people's consumption needs.
        
         | keypusher wrote:
         | Inflation is already here, it's just that the wealth hasn't
         | "trickled down" into the middle/lower class so consumer goods
         | haven't spiked yet. It will seep out eventually, but right now
         | it's mostly still sitting in financial markets and corporate
         | accounts. The trillions (yes, trillions) of dollars that have
         | been pumped into the economy via QE and other fed programs
         | don't just go away.
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | Where's the inflation in the Eurozone? They're way ahead of
           | the US. Or even better, Japan, "printing" like a madman since
           | the 90s, uhm where is that inflation you mentioned?
           | 
           | But yes, they don't go away, such things actually cause
           | _deflation_ because they prevent recession-cleansing of
           | inefficient organizations, keep property prices high, cripple
           | people and organizations with debt, ...
        
         | cryptoanonymous wrote:
         | Author here. I agree that past inflation has been minimal; what
         | I was referring to was the expectation of _future_ inflation
         | after the pandemic has materially ended. It would have been
         | rational (or so my thinking went at the time) for investors to
         | buy into Bitcoin in anticipation of this shift.
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | There are explicit contracts for such things (based on TIPS,
           | so it's not some small shady market). Inflation expectations
           | are still low, though materially higher than even in May:
           | 
           | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/T5YIFR
           | 
           | In particular they do not go outside of the 3.0% range where
           | we've been stuck for decades (the US CPI itself hasn't
           | printed anything above 2.5% year-over-year since the 90s).
           | 
           | Inflation will come one day (one year? one decade?), but sure
           | as hell isn't here yet.
        
       | comboy wrote:
       | I don't get it. tether sucks. If you hold tether it may turn into
       | air. But your bitcoin is still bitcoin. Also, when tether is
       | going down wouldn't you want to sell it thus creating pressure in
       | btc/tether market and value of of tether/btc going up? It's
       | always been clear to me that USD/BTC and USDT/BTC are two
       | different markets. USDT is just another cryptocurrency. Many of
       | them were scams and disappeared and many more will. Same with
       | exchanges. It seems like describing somebody maliciously selling
       | fake or paper gold and concluding that gold is bad.
        
         | dannyw wrote:
         | Tether is lovely for many people, because there are many entry
         | points without AML/KYC.
         | 
         | This allows you to trade while minimising your exposure to the
         | taxman, something that many people in crypto value.
         | 
         | Of course, there is the calculated risk of Tether being seized,
         | but that's part of doing business.
         | 
         | Bitcoin itself was born out of active rebellion with the
         | existing financial system, and depending on who you ask,
         | rebellion of the state itself.
         | 
         | Go to a bitcoin meetup that's a few drinks in, and ask how many
         | people pay taxes ;)
        
           | TomSwirly wrote:
           | If you don't pay taxes, you're cheating the rest of us.
           | 
           | We in the west have extremely luxurious societies but this
           | isn't cheap. When a few rich people cheat on their taxes, a
           | large number of poor people suffer.
           | 
           | Not paying your taxes is theft from the rest of us.
        
           | comboy wrote:
           | Please pay taxes. Change the system instead of giving it
           | reasons to put you into jail. I don't think very highly of
           | people who brag about not paying taxes which they are due.
        
             | ur-whale wrote:
             | Please do your darndest to _legally_ pay the least amount
             | taxes possible and find every opportunity to change the
             | system so taxes are lowered: you tax money will, in the
             | vast majority of the cases, be _wasted_
             | 
             | Stop feeding the beast.
             | 
             | Starve it every opportunity you have.
        
               | andyjohnson0 wrote:
               | How about paying your taxes and "doing your darndest" to
               | change the system so that tax revenue is spent wisely for
               | the benefit of the whole of your society?
        
               | ur-whale wrote:
               | I prefer not to play games that I know are rigged against
               | me.
        
               | spurdoman77 wrote:
               | Both opposites of this tax debate spectrum are flawed.
               | Most important thing is to enjoy life. If you focus too
               | much on avoiding taxes, or pay them too much, you are
               | losing. Pay what you pay and only spend resources on tax
               | planning if it makes sense.
        
               | piva00 wrote:
               | I prefer to support Swedish's society and just pay my due
               | taxes, thank you. The beast here is responsible for a lot
               | of the quality of life we enjoy, public services
               | included.
        
               | azeirah wrote:
               | Very much the same here, I've been paying taxes on crypto
               | for years now and I'm in the Netherlands.
        
               | ur-whale wrote:
               | I respect your choice.
               | 
               | But please take into account that when you were born and
               | raised in a socialist environment and properly
               | brainwashed into believing it's the best thing on earth,
               | it's kind of hard to imagine that there could be
               | something better.
               | 
               | I was born and raised in a society similar to yours, and
               | until I crawled out from under my rock to see the world,
               | I held beliefs very similar to yours.
               | 
               | You need to get out of the box to understand its shape.
               | 
               | If you have (gotten out of the box) and then decided that
               | the inside of that box is what you want & need, then I am
               | a 100% with you.
               | 
               | In my case, living in a socialist society like Sweden at
               | this stage in my life would be a living hell.
        
           | atemerev wrote:
           | "depending on who you ask, rebellion of the state itself" --
           | as if it was a bad thing!
        
             | mrDmrTmrJ wrote:
             | Environmental protection - check Public education - check
             | Research spending - check Social security - check NASA -
             | check
             | 
             | There's a lot I like about the state! Yes, I admit it has
             | many problems and frustrations.
             | 
             | But given we moved *away from the gold-standard, what is
             | different now that makes it wise to accept a fixed money
             | supply?
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Like talking about storming the capitol, plotting to evade
           | taxes is all fun and games and may even work for years, until
           | it goes "too far" and everyone gets arrested.
        
         | notahacker wrote:
         | Bitcoin is supposed to be a store of value, is it not? If most
         | of this 'value' stored turns out not to be real, the
         | implications for the price of Bitcoin are not good. If the
         | value of USDT falls to nothing then USDT holders trying
         | desperately to offload aren't going to create much demand for
         | BTC, compared with what was being created when new USDT
         | supposedly worth a dollar entered the system every day. And if
         | the price of BTC falls, it isn't a very good store of value any
         | more so people who have traded legitimately earned wealth for
         | BTC have an even stronger incentive to sell. If 70% of gold's
         | daily trading volume was down to orders based on fake gold
         | securities, it would also be a very bad time to hold gold (but
         | at least if you took a big enough loss you'd find someone that
         | wanted it for reasons other than their belief about its ability
         | to hold value)
         | 
         | It amazes me how Bitcoiners scream 'hyperinflation' every time
         | the Fed prints more money (with the goal of increasing prices
         | by 2% annually) and yet struggle to understand the relationship
         | between Tether printing dollar-denominated crypto-purchasing
         | vouchers (with the goal of increasing crypto prices by as much
         | as possible) and the supposed dollar price of BTC
        
         | leppr wrote:
         | Did you read the article? The author doesn't concluse that
         | Bitcoin in itself is bad, they simply realized by themselves
         | that most of the dollar value increase was caused by Tether,
         | and they fear Tether eventually going down might be a black
         | swan event causing prices to tumble. But 1 BTC = 1 BTC, yes.
        
           | comboy wrote:
           | Many value increases are irrational, whatever that means, I
           | understand how it can be used to pump the price. I just don't
           | understand how it takes bitcoin with it when collapsing.
        
             | quickthrower2 wrote:
             | If tether is pumping BTC then it'll stop pumping BTC when
             | it's taken away. Weak hands will fold and then there will
             | be a crash
        
               | comboy wrote:
               | OK, yes, that's a fair point. But it's not clear to me
               | that pumping being taken away would be a bigger change
               | than people trying to get out of USDT and buying BTC.
               | 
               | Also we've been there (mtgox's willy etc). I don't think
               | bitcoin will be much less volatile any time soon.
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbZ8zDpX2Mg
        
               | TomSwirly wrote:
               | Bitcoin has no fundamental/breakup value and no market
               | maker.
               | 
               | In the same way that there's no obvious ceiling to its
               | value, if a lot of people try to get out of it at once,
               | there's no obvious floor either.
        
               | garmaine wrote:
               | How would you sell USDT? You'd buy on a BTC/USDT market.
               | These markets aren't unified--there are different markets
               | for tether and backed USD. Who would be counterparty to a
               | tether exchange?
               | 
               | Thise specific USDT pairings would crash. If they wanted
               | USD (as they presumably do), they'd then crash the other
               | stable coin or backed pairings.
        
               | leppr wrote:
               | People are not buying BTC to get out of USDT, they're
               | buying other stablecoins and tokens pegged to real world
               | assets. The last week has seen a surge in the price of
               | those tokens compared to USDT. I've made good money
               | arbitraging the bouts of panic.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > But it's not clear to me that pumping being taken away
               | would be a bigger change than people trying to get out of
               | USDT and buying BTC
               | 
               | People trying to get out of USDT into BTC because the
               | USDT:USD parity assumption collapses will boost BTC:USDT
               | prices, but probably not enough to avoid dropping
               | BTC:USD, because it would be less than the USDT:USD drop,
               | is the idea.
        
               | yeneek wrote:
               | Tether market cap is 24bil, Bitcoin market cap is 714bil.
               | Its just 3%. I think that Tether isn't inflating BTC that
               | much. The institutions that buy BTC like PayPal, Square,
               | JPMorgan have much bigger effect on Bitcoin than Tether.
        
               | ur-whale wrote:
               | This is addressed in the article.
               | 
               | Basically the market cap of BTC is not relevant here, but
               | rather the daily volume.
        
               | yeneek wrote:
               | JackFr Fair point. Thank you.
               | 
               | Well, it will be an interesting week for sure.
        
               | Bellamy wrote:
               | And from the 3% of tether, probably 74% is actually been
               | backed.
        
               | JackFr wrote:
               | That's not quite how it's gonna work. It doesn't matter
               | what the Tether market cap is. The BTC market cap is
               | coins x price. If Tethers represent 70% of inflow and
               | they disappear, price is gonna come down. Likely a lot
               | more than 3%.
        
             | maxbond wrote:
             | Tether will almost certainly collapse, and then you'll have
             | a lot of bitcoin chasing very few dollars. There is likely
             | to be a stampede for dollars, which becomes a vicious cycle
             | deflating the price of Bitcoin - the liquidity is consumed
             | (Bitfinex is printing Tether because there aren't enough
             | dollars to go around at unbanked exchanges, afterall) at
             | the same time the downward volatility dramatically
             | increases the perception of Bitcoin's risk; market makers
             | start heading for the door; the cost of liquidity becomes
             | massive.
             | 
             | There's some magic number for the price of Bitcoin, and
             | it's hard to say what it is, where the miners start to lose
             | money. If it stays too cheap for too long, it puts pressure
             | on the miners to either switch to other coins or get out of
             | the game entirely.
             | 
             | Things could get very bad, very quick. The only reason I
             | don't have a bearish position in Bitcoin is that I can't
             | find a counterparty that a.) I can afford at my account
             | size (eg not CME) and b.) that I'm confident will still be
             | around after this crash.
             | 
             | Stay cautious. Happy trading.
        
               | leppr wrote:
               | There are some Defi options on Ethereum that could allow
               | you to short BTC with a USDC [1] collateral, like dYdX
               | [2].
               | 
               | You would need to keep a small amount of ETH to operate
               | the smart contracts, which could fluctuate in dollar
               | value, but even after a black swan event, there's no
               | reason that this decentralized infrastructure would not
               | still be running, allowing you to redeem the USDC to real
               | dollars.
               | 
               | [1] Circle dollars, 1:1 backed stablecoin from a well
               | regulated issuer.
               | 
               | [2] https://trade.dydx.exchange/perpetual/BTC-USD
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | I appreciate the idea, but I neglected to mention (c) is
               | legal in the US. Speculating on bubbles is just out of my
               | league, and I'm okay with that.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | The argument basically is tether has been inflating the price
         | of bitcoins. If tether collapses bitcoins will still be there
         | but may trade at $3000/coin rather than $38000.
         | 
         | Comparing with gold it's like the price has been inflated by
         | people buying it with forged dollar bills.
         | 
         | That said the author seems a bit new to this all with his shock
         | at finding Bob is likely being scammed. Bitcoin has been linked
         | with scams almost from the start, certainly since 2014 with
         | MtGox. Things will go on in spite of the scams.
        
           | BelenusMordred wrote:
           | Why on Earth would $100 billion worth of Tether rushing for a
           | conversion into anything else drag _down_ the price of BTC?
           | Or any other coin for that matter?
           | 
           | Have you actually sat down and thought about this, even if
           | 99% waited and cashed out over weeks, that 1% is still a huge
           | injection into the ecosystem.
           | 
           | People have been shown time and time again that the money is
           | there, the peg can hold, the underlying company is also a
           | cryptoexchange that can print cash simply by existing and all
           | haters have left is attaching their ego to this notion and
           | clinging to the dream of it going bankrupt over night. And
           | the more they are wrong the more they desperately cling to
           | this idea.
           | 
           | Tether had $1B stolen from them when it was a significant %
           | of their assets, along with the US govt taking other funds in
           | the NYAG case and they easily survived, if not thrived.
           | 
           | These comments/stories on HN have been here for years and
           | they don't age well, it's hilarious to watch.
           | 
           | You can all go short tether or bitcoin today for a fraction
           | of a penny on the dollar, and yet, don't :/
           | 
           | Why not do it, you can hold a bitcoin future going short for
           | the next year less than a coffee per / $1k, why not do that?
           | Would surely make a great story.
        
             | leppr wrote:
             | _> Why not do it, you can hold a bitcoin future going short
             | for the next year less than a coffee per  / $1k, why not do
             | that?_
             | 
             | Assuming you have enough collateral, you currently even get
             | paid money to hold a short.
             | 
             | As to your general point, I'd avoid holding the view that a
             | 7 or so years old business can't fail as any kind of
             | general truth. I know many smart people who are extremely
             | bullish on cryptocurrencies, with huge investments. None of
             | them think Tether will not fail one day. Everyone is
             | playing the current market as a bubble.
        
             | LittlePeter wrote:
             | > Why on Earth would $100 billion worth of Tether rushing
             | for a conversion into anything else drag _down_ the price
             | of BTC? Or any other coin for that matter?
             | 
             | Price in which terms? USD? USDT?
             | 
             | Suppose it turns out tether is a fraud. What will happen?
             | Tether holders will try to sell it for USD or Bitcoin. High
             | supply of tether will lead to higher BTC/USDT and higher
             | USD/USDT rate. Those who managed to convert tether to BTC
             | will likely try to convert BTC into USD. This will lead to
             | relative over-supply of BTC versus USD and BTC/USD will
             | decrease.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | >short tether or bitcoin today for a fraction of a penny on
             | the dollar
             | 
             | I shorted tether one time, on Kraken, and it was
             | horrendously expensive, like 25% per annum. Do you know
             | where it can be done cheaply?
        
               | leppr wrote:
               | https://ftx.com/en/trade/USDT-PERP
               | 
               | Slightly positive predicted funding at the moment, which
               | means you would get paid for shorting.
        
             | furi wrote:
             | If the scheme described by the article really exists, then
             | it represents a substantial fraction of the demand for BTC.
             | It's true that such a scheme collapsing would drive demand
             | for BTC from USDT holders up. That's of course assuming
             | they could still trade their USDT. Tether (the company)
             | cancelled $30 million worth of coins stolen from them a few
             | years back which suggests if the company was seized the
             | ability to trade USDT could be disabled. But it's also true
             | that such a scheme collapsing would instantly drive demand
             | for BTC from Tether (the company) to zero. If that demand
             | really is almost 70% of all the demand for BTC then BTC's
             | price should decline significantly.
        
             | gomox wrote:
             | There's a very strong point to be made that shorts in a
             | rigged market are not a good idea, because squeezing the
             | shorts is easy for the money printers (who plausibly have
             | visibility over the liquidation price points), whereas the
             | odds of actually collecting in a black swan crash are slim
             | to none.
        
             | soneca wrote:
             | > _" you can hold a bitcoin future going short for the next
             | year less than a coffee per / $1k"_
             | 
             | Genuinely curious about how could I do that. I am not that
             | much into cryptocurrencies, so I appreciate if you have the
             | time and will to be specific in the operationals. I do have
             | a (currently empty) account at Kraken, if that helps.
             | 
             | How can I short BTC?
        
               | phyalow wrote:
               | Buy put options on deribit, or short USDT-BTC on FTX
        
               | wcoenen wrote:
               | Kraken has margin trading, which allows you to hold
               | negative positions in BTC. However, this means you are
               | borrowing the BTC that you're selling, and the interest
               | on that is rather high (0.01% per 4 hours). You also need
               | to keep EUR or USD as collateral in the account to cover
               | potential losses when the price goes up.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > Why on Earth would $100 billion worth of Tether rushing
             | for a conversion into anything else drag _down_ the price
             | of BTC?
             | 
             | If USDT:USD collapses, BTC:USDT will naturally go up, but
             | it's also quite likely that BTC:USD (whether direct or
             | indirect) will go down, to the extent it has been inflated
             | by artificially inflated USDT:USD.
        
             | rmtech wrote:
             | How do you short Tether?
        
               | leppr wrote:
               | FTX exchange. Unavailable to US residents though.
        
           | frankenst1 wrote:
           | Sidenote: It currently costs miners ~$10K to produce 1 BTC.
        
             | ForHackernews wrote:
             | This is only relevant because if the price of BTC drops
             | below this, many miners may shut down their hardware.
             | 
             | The amount of money & electricty wasted to generate a BTC
             | is otherwise unrelated to the price of BTC in dollars or
             | other assets.
        
               | ric2b wrote:
               | > The amount of money & electricty wasted to generate a
               | BTC is otherwise unrelated to the price of BTC in dollars
               | or other assets.
               | 
               | Isn't it _directly_ related? If I'm a miner and the BTC
               | I'm mining doubles in value I can afford to spend 2x as
               | much money on hardware/energy and still make a profit.
        
               | ForHackernews wrote:
               | You've reversed the directionality: price drives mining
               | activity, but mining activity doesn't determine the
               | price. Miners spending more on hardware & energy won't
               | produce more bitcoins (it just means the difficulty will
               | increase and more CO2 will be released).
               | 
               | I'm saying the fact that you have to waste $10,000 worth
               | of electricity calculating redundant hashes in order to
               | make a bitcoin doesn't mean that bitcoin somehow contains
               | $10k worth of "value" or that the cost of production sets
               | a floor on the price.
               | 
               | People sometimes get confused about this, perhaps
               | reasoning by way of analogy with real-world goods that
               | will (typically) never be sold for less than the cost of
               | their inputs, or they imagine some computerized form of
               | the labor theory of value applies[0], but this is not
               | true. The only factors determining the price of bitcoin
               | are supply (fixed) and demand (driven by speculation).
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_theory_of_value
        
         | ALittleLight wrote:
         | I'm not really sure I understand this, neither finance nor
         | crypto is my strong suit, but I think it's saying that most
         | bitcoins are purchased with tether, and if the tethers are fake
         | then that means most of the demand for bitcoin is fake. If the
         | demand falls a lot, the price will too.
         | 
         | Not sure if I'm misunderstanding this though. It's hard for me
         | to believe people buying and selling bitcoin wouldn't notice
         | this somehow.
        
           | jimmydorry wrote:
           | I don't believe any significant number of people buying
           | Bitcoin are using Tether. Tether was aimed at the exchanges,
           | institutional level investers, and day traders that wanted to
           | move between dollars and crypto without creating taxable
           | events (this loophole has since been closed). Its primary
           | purpose was touted as allowing exchanges to move US dollars
           | between themselves quickly and without using the banking
           | systems directly.
           | 
           | Things may have changed in the last two or so years though,
           | so maybe Tether's role radically changed.
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | >when tether is going down wouldn't you want to sell it thus
         | creating pressure in btc/tether market
         | 
         | It will only create pressure on exchanges that allow you to
         | actually sell USDT for BTC.
         | 
         | These will unfortunately be the same one that will likely go
         | the MTGox route the quickest, leaving you a bag of virtual BTC
         | that you can't withdraw.
         | 
         | Not your keys, not your coins, and doubly so for USDT.
        
       | JackFr wrote:
       | I've always been, and remain still, a skeptic of all things
       | crypto. I typically skip the crypto-focused articles on HN. I'm
       | sure glad I didn't today.
       | 
       | > The US Treasury should enforce 100% reserve requirements on all
       | USD-pegged crypto stablecoins, with mandatory audits.
       | 
       | Laughter is really the best way to start my day.
        
         | spottybanana wrote:
         | So, you are glad to see articles that support your viewpoint?
         | 
         | Don't you regret at all missing all the gains you have made
         | along the years by not buying small amount of BTC? In the end
         | the guy who wrote this article made quite good amount bu buying
         | BTC low and selling high. Lets see how it ages.
        
           | JackFr wrote:
           | Honestly I don't care about articles that support my
           | skepticism, they largely bore me as well. What made this
           | article and others like so amusing is the tremendous irony of
           | demanding regulation, irony that the author seems completely
           | oblivious to.
           | 
           | Do I regret missing out on all of the crypto gains I could
           | have had? Honestly I don't really think about it that often
           | and when I do it's largely because I work in tech and I'm
           | often forced to work with people who won't shut up about it.
           | But I lived through similar periods with the first dotcom
           | bubble, and the housing market in the run up to the financial
           | crisis. I don't like 'greater fool' investing as a strategy
           | (but certainly some people have gotten very rich with it) so
           | no I guess I don't regret it.
           | 
           | (One sidelong observation there are a lot more paper gains
           | than realized gains. I've worked with a number of bitcoin
           | millionaires. But if I filter the count to those who have >
           | $1mm in USD, in a US domiciled bank, the number drops top
           | zero. Who knows? Maybe it's adverse selection. Maybe the real
           | winners aren't working anymore.)
        
             | garmaine wrote:
             | What irony? I've been involved with bitcoin since 2010, and
             | I too think all exchanges should have reserves enforced and
             | audited.
             | 
             | Not all bitcoin enthusiasts are anarcho-capitalist
             | extremists.
        
               | warkdarrior wrote:
               | You are certainly an outlier in the crypto community.
               | Most crypto enthusiasts seem to be opposed to regulation.
        
               | garmaine wrote:
               | Regulating USD on-ramps and endpoints is not regulating
               | bitcoin itself.
        
         | ric2b wrote:
         | Laughable indeed.
         | 
         | Banks, which are essential to our economy, have 0% reserve
         | requirements but this niche company that can crash to 0 without
         | doing much harm to the economy should be forced to have 100%
         | reserves? Who cares, just don't accept Tether in exchange for
         | anything and you're good.
        
       | BelenusMordred wrote:
       | The naivety of this post is just great. It's crypto conspiracy
       | theorist Q, financial anti-vaxxer and monetary flat earth all
       | rolled into one.
       | 
       | Sell everything my friend and never look back. Happy for your
       | wins here. Enjoy your "life-changing" investment decision.
       | 
       | > This is a one-time-use account. I won't be responding to
       | messages or inquiries on this platform.
       | 
       | If you aren't willing to put your real name to it, guessing
       | you're not that confident about it either and are just another
       | market timer looking for easy kudos over the centruries of
       | proclamations. Crypto is basically ground zero for the biggest
       | flaseflagging and ubershill campaigns on the planet.
       | 
       | Without proving what you sold, this is a fairytale, and you know
       | damn well you can cryptographically prove right now how much and
       | when you held it.
       | 
       | Tether holds far more than your bank or many bluechips in
       | backing, try not to forget that one.
        
         | EliRivers wrote:
         | "Tether holds far more than your bank or many bluechips in
         | backing, try not to forget that one."
         | 
         | The author writes right there in the article why he thinks
         | Tether is full of shit. He states that the bank they claim to
         | be putting all their dollars in simply doesn't have that many
         | dollars.
         | 
         | So you can now put your money where your mouth is and explain
         | why he's mistaken about that.
         | 
         | Addeundum, some time later: dylkil has done it for you. Now
         | there a commenter who actually comes armed with facts.
        
           | phyalow wrote:
           | Devils advocate, (I think tether is B/S) but the Bahamas
           | deposits sheet they mention wont include securities like
           | TBills and Corporate Credit, which I expect Tether would hold
           | as collateral...
        
       | shawabawa3 wrote:
       | Article seems mostly accurate but there's a mistake in
       | understanding about the Whale Alert tweets
       | 
       | > What's more, the supposed USD inputs (e.g., 401,431,056 USD in
       | the top left transaction) are giving perfectly round Tether
       | outputs (e.g., 400,000,000 USDT in the same transaction) in every
       | block -- regardless of the prevailing exchange rate or anything
       | else.
       | 
       | Whale Alert uses exchange rates to convert currencies in the
       | post. The "USD inputs" are simply the USDT that was minted
       | converted using a USD/USDT exchange price (I'm not sure which
       | one)
       | 
       | Whale Alert has also hard-coded USD/USDC to 1:1, which is why the
       | coinbase pro minting Tweets match exactly
        
       | rmtech wrote:
       | We are due a cryptocurrency correction.
       | 
       | The question is, how low will Bitcoin go on Tether collapse?
       | $20k? $10k?
       | 
       | Or will things get even crazier with $100k bitcoin crashing to
       | $60k?
        
         | Bellamy wrote:
         | The tether market cap value that is in Bitcoin, so it's 3% +
         | normal overreaction. My estimation: 9%.
        
           | garmaine wrote:
           | That's not how markets work. There isn't an infinite buy wall
           | at the current spot price.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | _Really_ good article, recommended read for anyone interested in
       | crypto.
       | 
       | For me, it's almost 100% aligned with what I've felt was going on
       | with Tether in the last 2 years.
       | 
       | Also, it sort of crystallized an answer to a question I've had
       | about Binance for quite a while: how did they manage to get so
       | big, so fast.
       | 
       | Answer: easy, they never had to establish proper on and off ramps
       | to the traditional banking system and lured customers with
       | unreasonable leveraged offers (which BTW is another Tether-
       | related scam in itself: if you are an exchange with a shit ton of
       | USDT, you can manipulate the price up and down, and trigger
       | artificial margin calls whenever you damn please).
       | 
       | The real interesting question is though: what will happen when
       | (not if) Tether explodes. There will be a sudden huge demand for
       | exiting from USDT, and the only way looks like buying BTC on semi
       | or fully fraudulent unbanked exchanges (good luck with that).
       | 
       | This will also trigger a big price unbalance between exchanges,
       | and it remains to be seen if arbitrage channels will be able to
       | weather the storm and if so for how long.
       | 
       | If you hold USDT, better get out quick unless you want to be left
       | holding the bag.
       | 
       | If you hold BTC (as in: for real, in your own wallet, not on some
       | shady exchange, not your keys not your coins), it's likely the
       | BTC ecosystem is going to undergo a very large "event". Up or
       | down, who knows.
       | 
       | If you hold BTC on an exchange, especially a shady one with 100x
       | leverage type offerings, get your coins out of there ASAP before
       | you get BTC-E'd [1]
       | 
       | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTC-e
        
         | leppr wrote:
         | _> it sort of crystallized an answer to a question I 've had
         | about Binance for quite a while: how did they manage to get so
         | big, so fast. ..._
         | 
         | No, Binance didn't get big because of Tether or leverage. It
         | was already eating most of the crypto-only exchanges volume
         | when altcoins were almost exclusively paired with BTC and
         | before it acquired its perpetual futures business.
         | 
         | The main reason they managed to attract so many users is
         | flamboyant altcoin pump and dumps orchestrated with ICO teams
         | and Chinese whales, and pioneering exchange coins with the
         | securities/utility token mash-up called BNB. Users came to
         | chase the pumps, and stayed when they were invested in the
         | platform itself.
         | 
         | Binance's thriving in its later phase even as Coinbase ramped
         | up its altcoin listings can certainly be attributed to Tether
         | though.
        
           | SI_Rob wrote:
           | > and pioneering exchange coins with the securities/utility
           | token mash-up called BNB.
           | 
           | To be fair there were other exchanges that tried this 'invest
           | in the house' gambit, but Binance made it stick.
        
           | gomox wrote:
           | Also Binance is quite simply a better exchange. It works
           | flawlessly even when the market is hot. The quality of what
           | they've developed and the speed at which they did it makes
           | the average silicon valley team look like 7 year olds.
        
             | leppr wrote:
             | Most of what they developed is customization over white
             | label solutions (that's how the main exchange was started),
             | and acquisitions. The UI is a convoluted mash-up of
             | different systems. Try using their margin trading. They're
             | spending very little on in-house software development
             | compared to their revenue and the average SV company of
             | that size, and it shows.
             | 
             |  _> It works flawlessly even when the market is hot._
             | 
             | That's factually false. It holds up better than Coinbase
             | sure, that's not hard, but it very frequently gets
             | overwhelmed during volume spikes. The web UI and the
             | various price feeds often fall behind. The orderbook feed
             | falls out of sync even during normal usage hours. The more
             | robust part of their stack, the trading API, rarely goes
             | down though, I'll give you that.
             | 
             | I guess your comment makes my point about BNB. It's a great
             | way to keep customers loyal and engaged. I do agree that
             | overall it is the best cryptocurrency exchange, but let's
             | not use HN as a shilling avenue.
        
               | dannyw wrote:
               | 1. I don't hold BNB.
               | 
               | 2. I have had way less problems with Binance than
               | Coinbase, so I am a happy Binance customer.
        
               | leppr wrote:
               | The bar is low with Coinbase, and I was replying to a
               | specific unwarranted praise about Binance, already
               | mentioning that it's indeed arguably the best exchange
               | overall.
        
               | gomox wrote:
               | Lol. I hold precisely 0 BNB, and never did. These guys
               | are execution masters, and the proof is in the pudding.
        
               | leppr wrote:
               | Sure, praise for their business execution is warranted.
               | It might even be allocating so little resources to the
               | surface product (UI/UX) that's allowed them to move so
               | fast in other more important avenues like liquidity,
               | diversity of offerings and customer support.
        
         | DeafSquid wrote:
         | I got out of BTC-E shortly before they shut down. Gambled my
         | gains on stocks and lost. Oops
        
         | cryptoanonymous wrote:
         | Author here. I really appreciate your kind words about the post
         | - thank you!
         | 
         | I'm also broadly in agreement with your conclusions as to what
         | this means for a crypto trader or holder. I've zeroed my net
         | exposure to this ecosystem myself, both in anticipation for
         | such an event, and out of recognition that I frankly understand
         | it far less well than I originally thought.
        
           | christiansakai wrote:
           | I am not a Bitcoin holder, but Ethereum. I zeroed all my
           | Ethereum except the ones locked due to staking (32 ETH, but I
           | bought them when they were $600) because of these Tether news
           | lately. I will wait for more clarity before jumping back in.
           | 
           | It is kinda sad that in this technology there are so many
           | frauds like that.
        
             | ur-whale wrote:
             | >I will wait for more clarity before jumping back in.
             | 
             | Probably wise given how correlated ETH and BTC prices are.
             | 
             | >It is kinda sad that in this technology there are so many
             | frauds like that.
             | 
             | It is, but it is also unavoidable.
             | 
             | As the author correctly points at towards the end, many of
             | the properties of cryptos (high liquidity, non-reversible,
             | pseudo-anonymous), while very useful to legitimate users,
             | are a wet dream for crooks.
             | 
             | As a matter of fact, Bitcoin has been used to scam people
             | for its entire existence, e.g.[1][2], sometimes even in new
             | and innovative ways.
             | 
             | There is one aspect of Bitcoin that many people entirely
             | overlook, especially newcomers: [3]
             | 
             | [1] https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Trendon_Shavers
             | 
             | [2] https://archive.is/PZdxu
             | 
             | [3] http://trilema.com/2013/the-story-of-pointless-and-
             | witless/
        
               | christiansakai wrote:
               | Indeed. It is part of the game I guess.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > it's likely the BTC ecosystem is going to undergo a very
         | large "event". Up or down, who knows.
         | 
         | This seems to be one constant of BTC: "events" which you might
         | expect to have a negative effect on the price often don't.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | ...because Tether has been there to ensure that.
        
       | nmlnn wrote:
       | Uh.. one little problem with this kid's analysis. There are
       | multiple USDT/USD markets
       | (https://www.tradingview.com/symbols/USDTUSD/)
        
         | leppr wrote:
         | Yes, three other markets accounting for a total of... $4
         | million daily volume. That's less than many random Uniswap
         | tokens, and could consist entirely of some minimal market
         | making. I've done stablecoin market making myself, it's not
         | very profitable but the low inventory risk makes it attractive,
         | as the ratio always trends back to 1:1.
        
           | alcio wrote:
           | USDT-USD markets are indeed marginal. however, implied USDT
           | price using BTC as a cross shows USDT is valued pretty much
           | at parity with the dollar by the market:
           | 
           | https://www.tradingview.com/symbols/spread/BINANCE%3ABTCUSDT.
           | ..
        
             | leppr wrote:
             | Yes, and that parity is precisely the thesis behind the
             | author's contrarian short position.
        
           | nmlnn wrote:
           | If people want to short bitcoin or tether, they should do so.
           | However, I don't really get all the internet whining. If
           | they're right they'll make a lot of money. I don't buy these
           | concerned citizen FUD posts though, they reek of
           | manipulation. If there's one thing I've learned over the last
           | 25 years it's.. don't trust random people on the internet.
        
             | leppr wrote:
             | Taking a position and then publicizing the position and the
             | thesis behind it is standard procedure everywhere in
             | finance. It's a way of accelerating pricing-in of the
             | information.
             | 
             | You can indeed just short an artificially inflated asset,
             | but if the sham is only revealed long after you're
             | insolvent, you lose your money.
             | 
             | BTW, your bull case for Bitcoin wasn't built from trusting
             | random people on the internet?
        
               | nmlnn wrote:
               | Nope, that's why I'm so confident. The entire point of
               | Bitcoin is to remove the need for trust and replace it
               | with network consensus rules and proof-of-work, both of
               | which you validate yourself. Since, to me, that's far
               | superior to the current system - I just see it as an
               | inevitable transition.
        
       | jdjfjtkfkf wrote:
       | The real USDT/USD market is not the Kraken one (or similar ones),
       | but the implied synthetic market creating by arbing BTC/USDT and
       | BTC/USD.
       | 
       | Companies like Alameda trade billions arbing this synthetic
       | USDT/USD market close to peg:
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/AlamedaTrabucco/status/13487730276395622...
        
       | TimMeade wrote:
       | Excellent Excellent. I have been trying to explain this to
       | people. Now i can just send a link to this. Excellent.
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | Tether has to produce evidence in the New York court case today,
       | right?
        
       | nik_s wrote:
       | The author implies that the recent growth in tether's market cap
       | is an indication of an incoming exit scam.
       | 
       | A cursory glance at Coinbase's USDC's market cap [1] shows that
       | it too is growing at almost exactly the same pace as tether's
       | [2]. I think most players in this market would agree that
       | Coinbase, for all of it's failings, is unlikely to be planning an
       | exit scam at this point.
       | 
       | It doesn't disprove the whole thesis, and some elements of it
       | might have merit, but at least one element of it seems weak to
       | me.
       | 
       | [1] https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/usd-coin/
       | 
       | [2] https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tether/
        
         | cryptoanonymous wrote:
         | Author here; I agree this is a valid objection and that one
         | should be very cautious when extrapolating cause-effect
         | relationships. Systems like these also often have multiple
         | embedded feedback loops in them, which can make it impossible
         | to identify a single cause once the flywheel gets going.
         | 
         | It's when you _combine_ the USDT /BTC correlation with the
         | available evidence for Tether's unbacked issuance that the
         | problem becomes clearer, in my view. When issuance is unbacked,
         | it can be decoupled from real demand -- and that's a degree of
         | freedom that _allows_ Tethers to be injected arbitrarily into
         | the system. Coinbase 's stablecoin is backed by audited
         | reserves, so USDC is constrained by demand -- making it more
         | plausible that USDT is the causal factor rather than USDC.
        
           | staplers wrote:
           | one should be very cautious when extrapolating cause-effect
           | relationships
           | 
           | Interesting statement after publishing this article with that
           | title.
        
         | traumivator wrote:
         | Check the volume for USDC/USDT. It has been increasing the last
         | couple of weeks.
         | 
         | So one could argue that people are trading largely unbacked
         | USDT for backed and audited USDC. Which increases the demand
         | for USDC and the USDC minting.
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | No, it doesn't. In fact it's exactly what you'd expect if
         | Tether is fraudulent. Stablecoins are a great way to transact
         | in dollars that you otherwise wouldn't be able to, for instance
         | the proceeds of illegal activity. The author notes the exact
         | mechanism: print USDT, buy BTC on sham exchanges, send BTC to
         | Coinbase, sell for USDC.
         | 
         | You would expect them to increase in lock step if this is
         | happening. If it were legitimate flows, you would actually
         | expect USDC to far outpace USDT given the much greater ease of
         | conversion and trust in the sponsors.
        
           | jcfrei wrote:
           | > print USDT, buy BTC on sham exchanges, send BTC to
           | Coinbase, sell for USDC.
           | 
           | The steps you described don't result in new USDC being
           | minted. That happens only when people send dollars to
           | Coinbase and change them to USDC.
           | 
           | > If it were legitimate flows, you would actually expect USDC
           | to far outpace USDT given the much greater ease of conversion
           | and trust in the sponsors.
           | 
           | No, USDT has been around for a lot longer and lots of very
           | liquid trading pairs are based on it. So if you need to buy
           | lots of crypto currency you might need tethers so you can buy
           | on an exchange with a liquid trading pair (BTC/USDT on
           | Binance being the most liquid trading pair).
        
             | qeternity wrote:
             | I should have added an implicit step: sell for USD, convert
             | to USDC. It's a lot easier to launder and move illicit USDC
             | funds than it is USD.
        
             | cameldrv wrote:
             | I think it does. People send USD to Coinbase to buy
             | Bitcoin. Coinbase maintains the stable value of USDC by
             | creating new USDC and selling it to people for BTC. The
             | cash to back USDC comes from people depositing USD to buy
             | BTC.
             | 
             | You can think of it virtually as three balanced flows:
             | 
             | USD -> USDC -> BTC (Retail BTC Investors)
             | 
             | BTC -> USDC (Tether refugees)
             | 
             | USDC -> USD (Coinbase)
        
               | jcfrei wrote:
               | > Coinbase maintains the stable value of USDC by creating
               | new USDC and selling it to people for BTC.
               | 
               | If tou want USDC you can simply change your dollars on
               | coinbase. No need for them to use their own funds to
               | maintain a stable price - there's no usdc/usd market on
               | coinbase.
        
       | quickthrower2 wrote:
       | He should definitely send tether a Christmas card this year.
        
       | not2b wrote:
       | It seems that this guy decided to go heavily into Bitcoin because
       | of a mistaken belief that seems all too common: "At the time, I
       | saw a market dislocation and the likelihood of significant dollar
       | inflation due to the US Government's likely response to the
       | unfolding pandemic."
       | 
       | He thought that government responses to severe crises that inject
       | lots of money into the economy will cause "significant dollar
       | inflation". In the real world, over the full year of 2020
       | inflation was 1.4% in the US (food costs went up a bit more,
       | energy costs went down). Failure to inject money into a failing
       | economy results in massive _deflation_. That 's because money was
       | rapidly disappearing from the economy. Money isn't created
       | primarily because governments print it; whenever a bank creates a
       | loan money is created, and when they call in loans money
       | disappears. Central banks control the money supply by regulating
       | banks, and their goal is to keep things stable.
       | 
       | Source: https://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm
        
         | mac01021 wrote:
         | CPI may not have gone up, but it sure seems like the prices of
         | a lot of corporate stocks are pretty inflated...
         | 
         | I don't know if that is related to a change in money supply.
        
         | dnp100 wrote:
         | Deflation is a wonderful thing. It means more people can buy
         | more stuff. It should be one of the primary goals of our
         | civilization.
        
         | mlthoughts2018 wrote:
         | Those inflation figures, much like unemployment figures, are
         | not really representative. If you take a basket of good that
         | includes consumer discretion items like cheap tech gadgets,
         | subscription music, staple foods, then these "balance out" the
         | much worse inflation in housing, college costs and medical
         | care, things which have a much higher quality of life impact.
         | 
         | I'n not making any claim on how this dichotomy relates to
         | cryptocurrency speculation, but I do think in general nobody
         | should be using CPI-based figures or traditional BLS figures at
         | all, and anyone seriously talking about US inflation needs to
         | be starting from the given baseline fact that "real" inflation
         | (ie, excluding discretionary consumer toys, subscription
         | services, staple foods) is much higher than 2%, and has been
         | for a long time.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | Infinitesimus wrote:
         | CPI is a very distorted view of actual living costs over time.
         | House prices aren't included and we've seen prices balloon over
         | the last decade. Sure, your apples cost the same but good luck
         | trying to buy property _.
         | 
         | _ Yes we have the usual supply constraints, etc.
        
           | jlmorton wrote:
           | House prices are absolutely included and are the single
           | largest item in CPI. It's Owner's Equivalent Rent. Overall,
           | shelter represents 33% of CPI.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | To the extent that purchase prices vary independently of
             | rental prices in the same market, the CPI inclusion of
             | equivalent rents will not reflect home _purchase_ prices.
             | 
             | Then again, I don't see why it should, unless it is some
             | measure based on the lower of rents (actual or equivalent)
             | or amortized purchase and ownership costs (as you need
             | shelter one way or the other), but that could only drive
             | the CPI _down_ compared to just considering rents as is
             | done now.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | Yep, the new money has flowed into capital assets rather than
           | consumption goods. But inflated, prices have.
           | 
           | It would be like saying there's no inflation because milk
           | prices are steady, ignoring that cows cost three times as
           | much.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > Yep, the new money has flowed into capital assets rather
             | than consumption goods.
             | 
             | Yes, because the wealth has flowed to people who primarily
             | relate to the economy as capitalists, rather than
             | laborer/consumers.
             | 
             | > It would be like saying there's no inflation because milk
             | prices are steady, ignoring that cows cost three times as
             | much.
             | 
             | So, it would be true, for the purpose for which we have and
             | measure general inflation. It would not be true for certain
             | other inflation measures which are also used, but which
             | aren't part of (and aren't relevant to the purposes of)
             | general inflation measures like the CPI
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | Depends on who the "we" is there. Certain agencies don't
               | care that new money is flowing into capital assets but
               | probably _should_ care.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Depends on who the "we" is there.
               | 
               | I would argue the statement is true for any significant
               | government or private use of general inflation measures.
               | 
               | But, sure, if you've got a case where the CPI is actually
               | used for a purpose and you think a different measure of
               | inflation that incorporated asset prices would be a
               | better replacement for the CPI, please feel free to
               | present (1) the existing use in question, (2) your
               | proposed replacement measure, and (3) your argument for
               | why your proposed replacement is better.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | That was the purpose of comparing to cows and milk. For
               | all the same reasons you should worry about cows being
               | expensive (even if milk is still cheap), you should worry
               | about real estate being expensive (even if rents are
               | low).
               | 
               | In the case of a household, those mean that you can't
               | take some of your production, and save it for the future
               | in capital goods -- the same kind of thing that happens
               | when more of your income has to go to the same
               | necessities.
               | 
               | In the case of a central bank, those mean that the
               | injections of money aren't (currently) effective for
               | stimulating economic activity, but are simply causing a
               | wealth transfer and rallies in whatever stores of value
               | remain. That is the same signal it needs to get back as
               | when consumer goods become more expensive: you are not
               | relaxing a limiting factor on economic growth.
               | 
               | Edit: toned down
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > For all the same reasons you should worry about cows
               | being expensive (even if milk is still cheap), you should
               | worry about real estate being expensive (even if rents
               | are low).
               | 
               | I would argue that the only reason you should consider
               | cows being an expensive an issue if milk is cheap is in
               | regard to it making some other bovine product expensive;
               | cows aren't important in and of themselves, but as
               | instrumentalities in the production of milk and other
               | products.
               | 
               | > In the case of a household, those mean that you can't
               | take some of your production, and save it for the future
               | in capital goods
               | 
               | No, asset inflation absolutely does not mean that.
               | Increasing the minimum buy in for asset investments would
               | do that, but we've got mature enough financial markets
               | that a general increase in asset prices doesn't increase
               | the minimum needed to enter productive investments.
               | 
               | > In the case of a central bank, those mean that the
               | injections of money aren't (currently) effective for
               | stimulating economic activity
               | 
               | No, it doesn't; driving money into productive investments
               | and out of cash (which, as an expected side effect,
               | produces asset price inflation) is part of the mechanism
               | by which loose monetary policy is expected to stimulate
               | economic activity. Asset price inflation does not
               | indicate that that is not working, it is what you expect
               | if it is working.
               | 
               | What would indicate that it is not working is if output
               | figures did not exceed what was expected without the
               | policy.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | >No, asset inflation absolutely does not mean that.
               | Increasing the minimum buy in for asset investments would
               | do that, but we've got mature enough financial markets
               | that a general increase in asset prices doesn't increase
               | the minimum needed to enter productive investments.
               | 
               | Yes, "can't", taken literally (and uncharitably), is
               | incorrect. I was exaggerating. The point is it becomes
               | much more difficult with lower yields, just as it becomes
               | so with cows. To produce the same X units of milk
               | tomorrow, you have to save more milk now (to buy the cow)
               | -- the same effect as if you had less to save due to your
               | consumption goods being more expensive.
               | 
               | So, no, "mature financial markets" don't really solve
               | this.
               | 
               | >No, it doesn't; driving money into productive
               | investments and out of cash (which, as an expected side
               | effect, produces asset price inflation) is part of the
               | mechanism by which loose monetary policy is expected to
               | stimulate economic activity. Asset price inflation does
               | not indicate that that is not working, it is what you
               | expect if it is working.
               | 
               | Money going into productive investments is only good _if
               | it also translates into productive economic activity_.
               | You can 't just say, "we gave it the old college try, so
               | that's a win". We're seeing P/E ratios go up (earnings
               | yields down), which means that the higher asset prices
               | aren't translating into that productive use of assets.
               | And even by your own standard, the flows into gold,
               | bitcoin, and idle real estate indicate a failure.
               | 
               | >What would indicate that it is not working is if output
               | figures did not exceed what was expected without the
               | policy.
               | 
               | So, non-falsifiable, then.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | huitzitziltzin wrote:
           | >House prices aren't included and we've seen prices balloon
           | over the last decade
           | 
           | Depending on exactly what you mean, this is not a great
           | criticism of the CPI.
           | 
           |  _House prices_ are excluded on purpose. _Housing costs_ are
           | included (including for housing equivalent to what an owner
           | owns).
           | 
           | CPI does include _housing_ expenses:  "The CPI represents all
           | goods and services purchased for consumption by the reference
           | population (U or W). BLS has classified all expenditure items
           | into more than 200 categories, arranged into eight major
           | groups (food and beverages, *housing*, apparel,
           | transportation, medical care, recreation, education and
           | communication, and other goods and services)." [1]
           | 
           | Furthermore, it includes housing expenses for _owner-occupied
           | housing_ as follows:  "The [owners' equivalent rent] index is
           | designed to measure the change in the rental value of owner
           | occupied housing change. In essence, OER measures the changes
           | in the amount a homeowner would pay to rent, or would earn
           | from renting, _his or her home in a competitive market_. "
           | [see p. 107 of [2]]
           | 
           | As the BLS notes, the primary service provided by houses is
           | to shelter the inhabitants. The house itself may be held as
           | an investment. See [3]
           | 
           | So the CPI explicitly captures the cost of providing shelter,
           | though it excludes the investment value of the property.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.bls.gov/cpi/questions-and-
           | answers.htm#:~:text=BL...).
           | 
           | [2] https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/cpi-20180214.pdf
           | 
           | [3] https://www.bls.gov/cpi/factsheets/owners-equivalent-
           | rent-an...
        
             | Infinitesimus wrote:
             | Thanks for the extra context - I should have been more
             | clear. CPI does capture OER and rental costs as you show.
             | 
             | I get that mortgage costs and the like aren't considered as
             | consumption ( rightly so ) but that makes the measure
             | inaccurate when assessing prices people pay to live day to
             | day. Rental prices are generally a more applicable
             | indicator for most of the population as the BLS says but
             | the rising costs of houses and mortgage costs by extension
             | imo should be captures because it signals how money is
             | flowing.
             | 
             | Is there another metric perhaps that captures both
             | consumption costs and housing beyond rent/rent equivalents?
        
         | cryptoanonymous wrote:
         | Hi, I'm the author.
         | 
         | > Money isn't created primarily because governments print it;
         | whenever a bank creates a loan money is created, and when they
         | call in loans money disappears.
         | 
         | Yes this is right, and I am in fact aware of this mechanism. As
         | I say in the post: "[...] anticipated high levels of lending
         | and consumer spending post-pandemic, seemed likely to fuel
         | substantial USD inflation in real terms through the end of
         | 2021."
         | 
         | Velocity-of-money and the M2 money supply weren't that relevant
         | to the main story I wanted to tell, so I went into no more than
         | superficial detail here.
        
           | jerrymiller wrote:
           | I recommend that you listen to this:
           | https://www.coindesk.com/podcasts/the-breakdown-with-
           | nlw/bre...
        
           | blueblisters wrote:
           | Even if inflation were to occur at the levels you
           | anticipated, I would find it hard to justify crypto being a
           | safe hedge against the dollar. Dollar backed productive
           | assets are largely much safer.
        
         | mountainb wrote:
         | People often don't understand the implications of an elastic
         | monetary system that is also decentralized because of the way
         | that the Fed and member banks are structured.
         | 
         | There are things the Fed or the government could do to
         | frogmarch devaluation (like, for example, encouraging banks to
         | pay people to carry credit card balances through negative
         | interest rate policy or encouraging no-doc/no-credit check
         | loans of all kinds) but that is not their prerogative.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | People also don't realize that moderate inflation is a good
           | thing. You want a gentle inbuilt mechanism to encourage
           | consumption. And we have good tools to combat inflation
           | whereas we don't really have any tools to combat deflation.
           | 
           | There's a reason nobody spends Bitcoin and it's mostly not
           | about fees or block size.
        
             | TomSwirly wrote:
             | > You want a gentle inbuilt mechanism to encourage
             | consumption.
             | 
             | This kills the planet.
        
               | drusklo wrote:
               | This kills the environment, planet doesn't care, after we
               | are gone, it starts over
        
             | jasonhoch wrote:
             | Why do you want a gentle inbuilt mechanism to encourage
             | consumption?
        
               | georgeecollins wrote:
               | Because if you made a better return by hoarding cash then
               | by investing -- holding bonds, buying apartment
               | buildings-- investment would stop and people would stuff
               | cash into mattresses.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | That's a different argument from the GP, who was
               | justifying it on the grounds of encouraging extra
               | consumption, not investment.
        
               | mlthoughts2018 wrote:
               | And in turn pollution might decrease, frivolous consumer
               | waste might decrease, frivolous ad waste might decrease,
               | people might turn to crafting and making their own home
               | goods, and feel more pride and accomplishment, and the
               | standard of return on investment to actually draw cash
               | out of the mattresses would be higher, rather than
               | building in a mechanism that stresses people into giving
               | their cash over for hollow waste, and entrenching false
               | "market demand" narratives around the whole destructive
               | charade.
        
               | fuzzer37 wrote:
               | Is that necessarily a bad thing? Growth at the cost of
               | everything doesn't seem to bode well long term. What
               | would the potential consequences of an economy not based
               | on continuous growth? Genuine question, not trying to be
               | inflammatory.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | The proceeds from whatever growth there is should go to
               | the people involved in growing it, not uninvolved
               | previously-wealthy bystanders. With deflationary
               | currencies, any growth in the total amount of stuff leads
               | to one dollar corresponding to more stuff, which is like
               | a tax on all of the people making stuff paid to the
               | people holding mattress money. That's the most powerful
               | argument against the gold standard, for example. People
               | who spend gold to do actually useful things are punished
               | and people who pile it up are rewarded.
        
               | bananabreakfast wrote:
               | Yes, that's a bad thing.
               | 
               | This is the primary mechanism that has stagnated Japan's
               | economy since their asset bubble burst in the 80's.
               | 
               | If you want to start a business you need investment and
               | customers. You will get neither if everyone is hoarding
               | cash. Investors will not stomach your risk when they can
               | just safely sit on their balance. Customers will hesitate
               | to buy your product because they will always expect your
               | prices to go down the longer they wait.
        
               | causalmodels wrote:
               | It depends on the type of growth. Growth through
               | efficiency gains extends the productivity runway of
               | economies reliant on finite resource consumption.
               | 
               | I think consequences of a no growth economy are pretty
               | bad. It would mean much more of the world becoming zero
               | sum. The pie would be fixed.
        
               | flyinglizard wrote:
               | To create employment and growth.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > People also don't realize that moderate inflation is a
             | good thing.
             | 
             | Price stability is a good thing, and moderate deflation
             | (which discourages productive investment) is worse than
             | moderate inflation, so policy targeting moderate inflation
             | is a good thing. This isn't because moderate inflation is a
             | good thing in and of itself, its because you can't
             | perfectly target price level outcomes with policy, so you
             | want to bias missing on the less harmful side.
             | 
             | > You want a gentle inbuilt mechanism to encourage
             | consumption.
             | 
             | The utility of consumption encourages consumption. To the
             | extent that inflation is good its more as gentle inbuilt
             | mechanism to discourage nonproductive saving of cash in
             | favor of productive investment.
             | 
             | > There's a reason nobody spends Bitcoin
             | 
             | Right. You definitely don't want _deflation_ , which
             | encourages hoarding currency that is surplus to immediate
             | consumption desires and thereby sucks money out of
             | productive investment.
        
           | garmaine wrote:
           | Distributed, not decentralized.
        
         | saurik wrote:
         | To verify, though: in fact, the M2 is skyrocketing in 2020,
         | right?
        
           | findthewords wrote:
           | Yes, but velocity of money is plummeting.
        
             | dlubarov wrote:
             | Is there reason to think that velocity will remain low in
             | the long term, though? If it's just temporary economic
             | effects caused by COVID (e.g. less physical commerce), then
             | surely we will see higher inflation as those effects go
             | away?
        
         | ad31mar wrote:
         | > In the real world, over the full year of 2020 inflation was
         | 1.4% in the US (food costs went up a bit more, energy costs
         | went down).
         | 
         | Are you sure about that? https://chapwoodindex.com
        
           | wcoenen wrote:
           | The Chapwood index looks a bit weird. It's based on only 500
           | items (compare to CPI which uses 94,000 according to [1]).
           | And those 500 items[2] include things like "cat grooming",
           | "horseback riding lessons" and "first class airfare" (but not
           | economy class airfare?). Tennis is apparently very important
           | because there's "tennis lessons", "tennis racquet" and
           | "tennis ball" in there separately. Something similar is going
           | on for golf: we find "golf shoe", "round of golf" and "golf
           | lessons". I could not find information on how these items are
           | weighted.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/cpi/pdf/cpi.pdf
           | 
           | [2] https://chapwoodindex.com/chapwood-index-items/
        
           | Majromax wrote:
           | On the other hand, the billion prices project
           | (http://www.thebillionpricesproject.com/) is generally well-
           | correlated with the CPI.
        
       | chomper wrote:
       | I am afraid of Bitcoin because of Tether.
       | 
       | However, there is one part of this argument that I don't quite
       | understand:
       | 
       | If we woke up tomorrow to find out that Tether caused a
       | disruptive event overnight and BTC/USD fell from $30,000 to
       | $10,000 or $3,000.....
       | 
       | Wouldn't there be a gigantic line of people who have been
       | experiencing FOMO for the last 6 months ready to jump in at the
       | new attractive price level, driving the price straight back up?
       | 
       | Or is the side of people who could lose out on Tether just so
       | huge that the newcomers would not be able to cover them all?
        
         | DSingularity wrote:
         | If tether crashed I would expect bitcoins price to go up not
         | down. It would suck for people holding tether because nobody
         | would want their tether.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > If tether crashed I would expect bitcoins price to go up
           | not down.
           | 
           | Bitcoin's price _in what reference currency_? USDT? Clearly.
           | 
           | USDC? Actual USD (probably measured indirectly via
           | intermediary currencies)? Something else? For anything but
           | USDT, the reason for such an expectation could use some
           | explanation.
        
             | ric2b wrote:
             | All of the above if most of the demand from people fleeing
             | from USDT goes into Bitcoin, which is likely.
             | 
             | More people chasing the same thing -> price goes up.
             | 
             | But obviously the BTC/USDT price would go up a lot more
             | because USDT would be going down at the same time.
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | What many people believe is that there's not anywhere near
           | the demand to justify a 35 K USD price and that's it's tether
           | printing which pumped the price of BTC to these levels.
           | 
           | So if the tether printing press stops, the price would crash
           | back to 3K USD or something in a hurry.
           | 
           | Crypto investors/gamblers concerned about tether/USDT already
           | own zero USDT. What they're concerned about is that it would
           | take the entire crypto market down.
           | 
           | Now on the very short term it may cause a BTC price spike:
           | should it be true and USDT going down a lot, people hodling
           | them may desperately try to get out and buy any BTC they can,
           | shortly raising BTC's price.
           | 
           | But if tether is the reason the BTC price is so high, it
           | won't take long before "zero new issuance of USDT to pump the
           | price" would totally crash the market.
           | 
           | In any case it's an interesting story to follow...
        
       | Yizahi wrote:
       | Of course Tethers are backed up, it's done in a novel and modern
       | way of driving a garbage trucks full of small denomination
       | dollars to a back alley in Bangkok by institutional investors.
        
       | atemerev wrote:
       | It is not "doomsday machine", it is "Tuesday". Yes, Bitcoin is
       | volatile, and crypto markets are manipulated (just like all other
       | markets, e.g. tech stocks with Softbank-originated program
       | trading right now).
       | 
       | If tomorrow Bitcoin will cost $10000, nobody will be surprised.
       | Neither if it will be $70000. We are not building crypto systems
       | for speculation.
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | This.
         | 
         | If you're really interested in Bitcoin and the crypto space,
         | paying attention to the price should only be relevant because
         | it is volatile and slows down adoption.
         | 
         | Its absolute value is essentially boring.
        
       | DSingularity wrote:
       | If tether started crashing people would buy Bitcoin/eth like
       | crazy to avoid holding tether. What would that do to the price of
       | tether?
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | You would likely see crypto on unbanked exchanges skyrocket as
         | the USDT denominator to most pairs goes to zero. This crypto
         | would presumably be moved off exchange and sold elsewhere. So
         | on legit exchanges, crypto crashes and on sham exchanges it
         | moons.
        
           | DSingularity wrote:
           | Thanks. Seems obvious now that you write it.
        
       | leppr wrote:
       | Related: Tether's bank Deltec says it invests customer funds in
       | Bitcoin
       | 
       | https://www.deltecbank.com/2021/01/14/a-covid-year-in-review...
       | 
       | https://www.coindesk.com/tethers-bank-says-it-invests-custom...
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/patio11/status/1349873798078558209
       | 
       | The next weeks/months are going to be fascinating to watch, as US
       | regulators and invested institutions fight to both regulate and
       | protect their crypto investments. Maintaining the inflated
       | cryptocurrency valuations propped up by Tether while
       | simultaneously removing it from the game before too many eyes set
       | on it, will surely require subtle maneuvering.
       | 
       | Ultimately I do suspect OP indeed, sold early, as the game theory
       | mechanics strongly favor just participating in the Ponzi rather
       | than trying to bring it down, especially when this has the
       | potential to be the one last great bubble before a major
       | recession.
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | US equities are the one last great bubble. But crypto are a
         | symptom of the same disease.
        
         | azeirah wrote:
         | The OP said that he got out 100% right? Why not get out with
         | something along the lines of 96% of your portfolio if you made
         | over 600% profit anyway?
         | 
         | Eh, I would never bet 100% of my investment in a market based
         | on knowledge I obtained myself, there's no no noo way I can see
         | the entire picture.
        
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