[HN Gopher] Smart contracts on Bitcoin
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Smart contracts on Bitcoin
        
       Author : rmason
       Score  : 86 points
       Date   : 2021-01-14 19:59 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (avc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (avc.com)
        
       | simonebrunozzi wrote:
       | Clarity, at least on paper, sounds way nicer than Solidity. We'll
       | see how it ends.
        
       | jxi wrote:
       | They only support Chinese exchanges (and probably requires KYC).
       | This thing is not gonna take off.
        
       | dperfect wrote:
       | I'm not sure I've gotten a clear answer to this before, so
       | someone please help me understand:
       | 
       | I can see how smart contracts might be useful in contracts that
       | involve other assets that are directly connected in the same
       | decentralized context (i.e., other bitcoin transactions or
       | blockchain entities).
       | 
       | However, for anything else in the real world, they always (from
       | what I've seen) require an "oracle" of some kind. True, that can
       | be based on a consensus algorithm involving multiple parties in
       | the real world, but it always ends up requiring trust that those
       | real-world entities are playing by the rules. If we're relying on
       | the good faith of real-world entities, how is a smart contract
       | any better than a legal contract (a human would have to step in
       | as the arbiter in either case)?
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | For onchain purposes it can just be a matter of convenience,
         | not a panacea or cure all
        
         | ZitchDog wrote:
         | It is much cheaper to execute a smart contract.
        
         | stocknoob wrote:
         | There's value in digitizing 90% of the process and relying on
         | as few oracles as possible. Right now your contracts are
         | enforced by fallible, highly paid interpreters (lawyers)
         | executing source code in printed form.
        
           | dperfect wrote:
           | Wouldn't that just make those few oracles an increasingly
           | valuable target for manipulation/corruption?
        
           | TheDong wrote:
           | Right now contracts are enforced by lawyers who can interpret
           | code that is not fully specified.
           | 
           | I would guess that hiring a contract developer to create a
           | water-tight contract the computer is capable of understanding
           | would be much more expensive than a lawyer.
           | 
           | This is in a similar vein to the fact that it's more
           | expensive to have programmers create a perfect NLP app to
           | translate something than it is to just hire a translator.
           | Translating english into other languages is not a solved
           | problem. Whether that other language is french or a smart
           | contract does'nt seem that material.
           | 
           | It does seem like it will be much cheaper to make contracts
           | in bitcoin that don't require translating thousand-line-
           | english-documents into a smart contract.
           | 
           | However, you can already do that without a lawyer. If me and
           | you sign a paper saying it's a contract that "I will pay you
           | $200 for an item delivered on date X/Y, and if you're late I
           | pay $20 less per day it's late", that's already legal and
           | enforceable without a lawyer.
           | 
           | Coding that same thing in bitcoin would be harder than
           | writing it on a paper still I think.
        
         | noman-land wrote:
         | Smart contracts are mathematical contracts not legal contracts.
         | They don't even have to be about IRL things. You could interact
         | with a smart contract to, for example, change who can be
         | authenticated to use a smart lock. Or you could have profile
         | information about yourself in a contract, that can be changed.
        
           | iso8859-1 wrote:
           | They _can 't_ be about IRL things because those things cannot
           | be verified in a decentralized manner.
        
           | dperfect wrote:
           | Cool - glad you brought up the smart lock example. How does
           | that work without trusting (presumably off-chain)
           | software/firmware to honor the change as to who should be
           | able to open the lock? The smart contract might be iron-clad
           | in showing who should have access, but at some point, that
           | has to be _interpreted_ and _executed_ by a real-world
           | entity, human or machine.
           | 
           | In other words, standard contracts work just fine (without
           | any lawyers involved) when everything goes to plan. It's the
           | failure cases that matter, and it's not hard to imagine a
           | compromised lock (or an entire company's locks if they're
           | connected to the internet for access to the blockchain) that
           | no longer respect the smart contract. So you're back to
           | calling your lawyer to help sort out the mess.
        
       | sktrdie wrote:
       | What kind of actual real world use-cases has ethereum's
       | programmable "contracts" enabled? It's been out there for a while
       | yet I fail to see where it made an impact.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | Typically when I see that said, its impossible to tell if
         | someone genuinely has no idea or if they have a comprehensive
         | view but move the goal post of "use case" for arbitrary reasons
         | 
         | Do you want to be inspired and be part of that ecosystem, or do
         | you want to drone on about how you could do any example use
         | case some other irrelevant way that nobody can interact with
        
         | Acrobatic_Road wrote:
         | * decentralized DNS (ENS) which supports IPFS
         | 
         | * privacy technology (tornado cash, AZTEC)
         | 
         | * DeFi (MakerDAO, Uniswap, Compound, Augur, etc)
        
         | donkey-hotei wrote:
         | I agree it's hard, outside of finance, to find interesting use
         | cases. One use case that I personally enjoy was the use of
         | smart contracts to enable the building of decentralized
         | ISPs[0].
         | 
         | [0]: https://althea.net/
        
         | jonmaim wrote:
         | There is decentralised finance (defi). One example of
         | application is lending your money (in stablecoin or token
         | format) in a lending protocol of your choice. You can expect a
         | very good yield compared to traditional finance. Aave and
         | Compound are the most famous. This is one type of the many
         | financial applications developed on Ethereum's smart contracts.
        
         | Tepix wrote:
         | One of the most exciting upcoming topics on the Avalanche
         | (sorry, not Ethereum) ecosystem is ILOs (Initial Litigation
         | Offering). Initial Litigation Offering is a blockchain-enabled
         | token that would give investors access to a portion of payouts
         | from lawsuits.
         | 
         | https://www.coinspeaker.com/first-ilo-launches-avalanche/
         | 
         | I think we'll see many more of these in the future.
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | Maybe next they can expand into Initial Narco Offerings,
           | Initial Human Trafficking Offerings, and eventually Initial
           | Genocide Offerings.
        
       | SDLerner wrote:
       | Bitcoiners are already using RSK for DeFi. It's compatible with
       | Ethereum but uses BTC as native currency. There are several DeFi
       | applications already very popular, such as Money on Chain,
       | Soveryn and rskswap. More than 600 BTCs are locked in DeFi.
        
       | burakkeceli wrote:
       | I'm building Uniswap on Bitcoin Cash. Feel free to check out:
       | https://devpost.com/software/swapcash
       | 
       | Same can also be potentially done on Bitcoin (BTC) with BIP-
       | Tapscript.
        
       | Acrobatic_Road wrote:
       | We already have this. It's called WBTC and TBTC. Turns out it's
       | way easier to port Bitcoin to Ethereum than to rebuild Ethereum
       | on Bitcoin.
        
         | TekMol wrote:
         | The problem with Ethereum is that if the guys in power do not
         | like what is going on in their blockchain, they fork and
         | rewrite history.
        
           | malux85 wrote:
           | Oh for the love of science, GIVE IT A REST.
           | 
           | ETC exists, if you don't like ETH go use ETC, the _community_
           | voted with their wallets, ETH won, give it a bone already
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >the community voted with their wallets, ETH won, give it a
             | bone already
             | 
             | Isn't this the exact problem? That the blockchain isn't
             | actually immutable and community will step in to revert
             | transactions?
        
               | doggosphere wrote:
               | If you want to move fast and break things, choose ETH.
               | 
               | If you want to move slow and never break things, choose
               | ETC.
        
               | StavrosK wrote:
               | I mean, no? There are two cryptocurrencies, ETH and ETC,
               | and apparently most people think it's fine to revert a
               | transaction for the reason ETH reverted it. The only
               | problem is that people posit "but it's a problem when
               | transactions are reverted, and, look, ETH reverts
               | transactions!", which assumes the problem even though the
               | assumption doesn't really seem to hold.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >The only problem is that people posit "but it's a
               | problem when transactions are reverted, and, look, ETH
               | reverts transactions!", which assumes the problem even
               | though the assumption doesn't really seem to hold.
               | 
               | But if all we cared about is the "right" thing to be done
               | at the end, why bother with smart contracts? Why not use
               | the courts?
        
               | StavrosK wrote:
               | I'm not the right person to ask, as I don't believe that
               | there's a way to somehow make software bug-free enough to
               | deal with huge amounts of money for an indefinite amount
               | of time. However, it seems that enough people think that
               | "do the right thing automatically unless someone steals
               | millions, in which case revert it" is a good compromise.
        
               | Acrobatic_Road wrote:
               | Maybe under very exceptional circumstances, i.e. a
               | systemic network risk. Since the DAO fiasco we've had a
               | number of high profile incidents and the community has
               | rejected stepping in (look at the failure of EIP 999).
               | I'm not sure if there's presently anything on Ethereum,
               | that should it fail, would be as bad as the DAO failure.
               | Maybe MakerDAO?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Maybe under very exceptional circumstances, i.e. a
               | systemic network risk.
               | 
               | that sounds awfully like the justification for bank
               | bailouts.
        
               | Acrobatic_Road wrote:
               | If they didn't go forward with the DAO fork, I'm not sure
               | Ethereum would even exist today.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | It happened when Ethereum was less than a year old. The
               | hack exploited a vulnerability that was arguably
               | systemic, since it also existed in a lot of the sample
               | code on ethereum.org.
               | 
               | When Bitcoin was a little more than a year old, it
               | reverted five hours of transactions after a bug exploit.
               | 
               | Both blockchains have matured since then and don't do
               | that anymore. An Ethereum cofounder's company lost over
               | $100M in ETH, and the community refused its requests to
               | restore funds with a fork.
        
             | TekMol wrote:
             | I think there is no point in "giving it a rest".
             | 
             | If there is a decision to be made between two specific
             | blockchains, it is important to point out that one of them
             | is not trustworthy.
        
               | brighton36 wrote:
               | All blockchains are secured by trust in the developers.
               | Proof of work is merely a way to buy their token from a
               | power company. All of the problems with have with online
               | contention, will manifest in blockchain for this reason.
        
             | lacker wrote:
             | One of the best features of cryptocurrency is that other
             | people cannot simply vote to take your money away.
        
             | robcohen wrote:
             | Well the true genius of Eth was making choosing the fork
             | the default option. So no, there isn't evidence that the
             | community intended to accept the fork.
        
           | pa7x1 wrote:
           | You have pretty selective memory:
           | https://coincodex.com/article/3669/the-184-billion-btc-
           | bug-t...
           | 
           | Fundamentally blockchains are about consensus, they have a
           | mechanism to obtain consensus programatically but this
           | programatic consensus can always be overriden if the
           | participants decided to run a different version of the
           | software. To be noted that the guys "in power" are the
           | miners, the developers can only put forward a new version of
           | the rules but the miners decide what they want to run.
        
         | mason55 wrote:
         | > _Turns out it 's way easier to port Bitcoin to Ethereum than
         | to rebuild Ethereum on Bitcoin._
         | 
         | Technically that might be the case but in the real world you
         | have network effects, inertia, and all kinds of other reason
         | why it might be desirable to go in the other direction.
         | 
         | The ease has to be examined from the perspective of the system
         | as a whole and not just the one component.
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | Stacks doesn't inherit Bitcoin's network effects except for
           | mining security. No existing Bitcoin wallets or exchanges can
           | make Stacks transactions, while many Ethereum wallets are
           | flexible enough to support arbitrary tokens or smart
           | contracts.
        
             | opreturn wrote:
             | > except for mining security where did you see that? I
             | don't think their security model has any connection with
             | Bitcoin mining. They are not merged-mining with bitcoin
        
           | CyberDildonics wrote:
           | Right now the average transaction on the bitcoin chain is
           | almost $15. That's double the cost of the hard drive space to
           | store the entire blockchain (if you really want to).
           | 
           | No sane person would build on top of bitcoin or use anything
           | built on top of bitcoin. It was taken over then redesigned to
           | be a disaster and now it is.
        
             | kylebenzle wrote:
             | You are exactly right. The Bitcoin Core GitHub repo was
             | hijacked years ago by Greg Maxwell's and Adam Back's
             | Blockstream.
             | 
             | Until more people understand the history of Bitcoin Core
             | (BTC) they will continue to be confused about the high fees
             | and slow confirmation times.
             | 
             | [1] https://medium.com/@johnblocke/r-bitcoin-censorship-
             | revisite...
             | 
             | edit: looks like you are getting downvoted too for telling
             | the truth about Bitcoin Core.
        
           | kylebenzle wrote:
           | The Bitcoin Core (BTC) market is pushed forward only by fraud
           | (Tether) and lies (censorship of BitcoinTalk and r/Bitcoin).
           | 
           | The Bitcoin Core project was hijacked and socially engineered
           | away from the lead developers many years ago by Adam Back's
           | Blockstream. Today it is a Ponzi scheme designed to push
           | people onto their "second layer" solutions to "solve" the
           | problems they themselves introduced.
        
             | spicybright wrote:
             | Any hard evidence you can point to?
        
               | kylebenzle wrote:
               | Evidence that Tether is a fraud [1] and that BitcoinTalk
               | and r/Bitcoin censor[2]? Yes, there is endless evidence
               | of both. Funny that the truth about Bitcoin get downvoted
               | so hard here, I thought HN liked to be objective about
               | Crypto.
               | 
               | [1] https://newrepublic.com/article/160905/tether-
               | cryptocurrency...
               | 
               | [2] https://medium.com/@johnblocke/r-bitcoin-censorship-
               | revisite...
        
               | CyberDildonics wrote:
               | This isn't actually controversial for anyone who got
               | interested in bitcoin before Gavin Andreesan was kicked
               | out and /r/bitcoin was taken over and heavily
               | propagandized.
               | 
               | https://medium.com/@johnblocke/a-brief-and-incomplete-
               | histor...
        
       | sagivo wrote:
       | Why not using this VC money to support Ethereum? They already do
       | that and much more.
        
         | iso8859-1 wrote:
         | Muneeb answered this here: https://forum.stacks.org/t/what-is-
         | the-difference-between-bl...
        
           | sagivo wrote:
           | > Blockstack enables users to use arbitrary storage backends
           | like Dropbox, Amazon, Google as "dumb drives". Only pointers
           | to the storage backends are stored with Blockstack and
           | encrypted/signed data is kept at storage providers.
           | 
           | I stopped reading after that.
        
       | piercebot wrote:
       | The Clarity language spec of these contracts is very interesting;
       | seems like a very easy spec to keep in your head compared with
       | Solidity.
       | 
       | https://clarity-lang.org
        
       | AzzieElbab wrote:
       | I knew the international cabal of functional programmers was up
       | to something
        
         | iso8859-1 wrote:
         | This is written in Rust, see https://github.com/blockstack
        
       | x3sphere wrote:
       | I remember Counterparty (XCP) tried something like this a long
       | time ago. Not full blown smart contracts, but things like asset
       | creation (tokens) and decentralized exchanges like on Ethereum.
       | 
       | Anyway at the time they received a lot of pushback from some
       | Bitcoin core devs and some threatened to block them over their
       | use of OP_RETURN. Wonder how sustainable Stacks approach is in
       | comparison? Don't know if it works the same way at all - but
       | assuming they write some data to the BTC chain to ensure
       | validity, etc.
       | 
       | You can read some of the drama here -
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/btc/comments/80ycim/a_few_months_af...
       | 
       | I'm mainly curious if the BTC core devs still are apprehensive
       | towards these Layer 2 projects. It is one of the reasons why I
       | thought smart contracts on BTC were a dead end, and why I
       | ultimately sold a bunch of BTC for ETH years ago.
        
         | uncletammy wrote:
         | I came here to say that. Here's a super informative thread
         | laying out those events from the perspective of one of the
         | Decred developers.
         | 
         | https://old.reddit.com/r/decred/comments/6wxueo/your_best_pi...
         | 
         | TLDR: Smart contracts on BTC were intentionally strangled
         | because it would necessitate bigger blocks.
         | 
         | At the same time, BTC core devs were gearing up to start their
         | sad push in creating artificial scarcity on a perfectly
         | functional blockchain by reneging on the agreement they made to
         | increase the block size.
         | 
         | They traded their ideals to get rich and all that momentum was
         | lost. Instead of peer to peer cash, we're all left with a
         | thousand useless ponzi schemes and a handful of promising coins
         | that can't work together to actually achieve Satoshi's goal.
        
         | muneeb wrote:
         | We received some push back for Stacks 1.0 as well! And for
         | similar reasons i.e., you don't want to put a lot of additional
         | data into the Bitcoin blockchain (makes it much harder to scale
         | Bitcoin that way).
         | 
         | This was the primary reason why for Stacks 2.0, a hard design
         | requirement was to make absolutely no changes to Bitcoin and to
         | not put additional data in Bitcoin.
         | 
         | With Stacks thousands of STX transactions result in a single
         | hash on Bitcoin (technically on the order of active miners on
         | Bitcoin), so Stacks transactions automatically settle on
         | Bitcoin every block.
        
           | dylkil wrote:
           | So stacks is a separate network with its own consensus layer
           | where a random miner from the bitcoin main chain is selected
           | to write the next block, have i got that right?
           | 
           | What happens when they write something the rest of the stacks
           | network disagrees with?
        
             | opreturn wrote:
             | Bitcoin miners have no role here. Anyone can sign up to be
             | a Stack-miner by bringing in their own BTC into this
             | network. That amount (in BTC) is distributed to those who
             | have staked their Stack-tokens. A pRNG process (based on
             | VDF or VRF) selects one of these miners at random to create
             | the next block
             | 
             | Source: https://blog.blockstack.org/realizing-web-3-proof-
             | of-transfe...
             | 
             | Edit: typo
        
       | iso8859-1 wrote:
       | How is consensus secured for the Stacks blockchain? Is it proof-
       | of-work? How many nodes are there?
       | 
       | What is the root of trust of Stacks? Does it have auto-update? If
       | I take over your domain, can I take all Stacks?
       | 
       | How can I independently verify how many mainnet coins have been
       | locked as Stacks? How do I run a testnet node?
        
       | tphyahoo2 wrote:
       | what problem does smart contracts solve? hint: none.
       | 
       | F.
       | 
       | https://standardcrypto.wordpress.com/2020/04/30/a16z-struggl...
        
       | DennisP wrote:
       | Moving bitcoins to Stacks is easy, since Stacks reads the Bitcoin
       | chain. But how do you move them from Stacks back to the Bitcoin
       | main chain? Since Bitcoin clients aren't aware of Stacks, it's
       | difficult to see how that would work without trusting someone to
       | issue the correct transaction.
       | 
       | I looked over the Stacks site and didn't see a clear answer to
       | this question.
        
         | muneeb wrote:
         | Muneeb here, Stacks co-founder. Great question. You are right
         | that Clarity smart contracts have direct visibility into
         | Bitcoin, so you can write a contract that has logic triggered
         | by pure Bitcoin transactions.
         | 
         | Moving Bitcoin to Stacks is a bit more complicated and there
         | are several ways:
         | 
         | a) Wrapped assets. Tokensoft + Anchorage (custodian) have a
         | solution that they're calling xBTC where a "wrapped Bitcoin" is
         | issued on the Stacks chain. Such wrapped assets exist on other
         | chains like Ethereum as well with one main difference that xBTC
         | is secured by Bitcoin itself.
         | 
         | b) There are more decentralized solutions similar to Keep
         | network, where threshold signatures can be used to move the
         | assets by a group of nodes.
         | 
         | c) The most decentralized way of doing this is by locking your
         | BTC directly on BTC chain, using Clarity to monitor funds, and
         | then having Clarity trigger release of funds on Bitcoin chain.
         | This requires Clarity logic to trigger Bitcoin state changes.
         | This is theoretically possible but at R&D stage currently.
        
           | iso8859-1 wrote:
           | Bitcoin to Stacks is supposed to be the easy part...
           | 
           | The question was about how you move Stacks to Bitcoin.
           | 
           | I take from this handwaving answer that it isn't actually
           | possible.
           | 
           | Or let's rephrase the question in Bitcoin terms: While the
           | BTC are locked up on the Bitcoin blockchain, which key is
           | necessary to unlock them? Surely one controlled by
           | Blockstack, no?
        
           | lacker wrote:
           | There sure is a lot of different stuff named "xBTC"....
        
         | lifty wrote:
         | You have to trust the Stacks blockchain to be able to send the
         | money back to Bitcoin.
        
       | agumonkey wrote:
       | Who here things blockchain as a planet wide computing system will
       | take over the world ?
       | 
       | I had a feeling that this would be the actual shift in use of
       | computing. Unlike the e-commerce, cloud .. which are structurally
       | similar to the previous world.
       | 
       | I'm not preaching for blockchains, it was just a feeling that it
       | could be an actual paradigm shift.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Tepix wrote:
       | Contrary to the headline this appear to be a separate blockchain
       | that is merely linked to the Bitcoin blockchain. See
       | https://www.stacks.co/technology
        
         | muneeb wrote:
         | The Clarity smart contracts have direct visibility into Bitcoin
         | state and developers can write logic around it. I do not think
         | the headline implies you are changing Bitcoin to do this (don't
         | think at this point anyone can change Bitcoin in any
         | significant way).
        
       | jstgord wrote:
       | no
        
         | jstgord wrote:
         | why no ?
         | 
         | Its a bad idea for the following reasons :
         | 
         | - Bitcoin has an artificially constrained overly small
         | blocksize, which effectively prevents holding more data on its
         | blockchain [ maybe BCH or another variant with a larger
         | blocksize would work better ]
         | 
         | - We already have other blockchains, such as ETH, with active
         | and working smart contract languages and tools : we need
         | standardization
         | 
         | - The constrained blocksize on Bitcoin drives a high-fee
         | market, meaning affordable smart contracts wont happen on
         | Bitcoin
         | 
         | - its a massive carbon sink, and we should solve that problem
         | before further burdening Bitcoin itself [ we burn vast amounts
         | of electricity to solve the hash - effectively a lottery with
         | expectation of winning proportional in Joules of electricity
         | burnt - we need a more energy efficient form of statistically
         | provably fair distributed lottery ]
         | 
         | - the long / slow block compute time of ~10 minutes means a
         | poor user experience [ ETH is closer to ~15sec
         | 
         | tl;dr - ETH is already established and is a much better
         | platform [ faster cheaper, more mature ] for smart contracts...
         | and Bitcoin itself is burdened with a small block making this
         | untenable.
        
       | a11yguy wrote:
       | Its crazy how the conversation changes, it felt like many of the
       | people on Hacker News were anti-bitcoin, but now that the price
       | is nice, I'm seeing it on the first page all the time.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | Many people (many of the same people, even) on HN are still
         | anti-bitcoin, and conversely its been on the first page quite a
         | bit when the price was less nice than it is now.
         | 
         | This is because HN is diverse, and it can have large factions
         | boosting something while other large factions are negative on
         | it.
        
       | seibelj wrote:
       | On a first skim it looks like a bespoke blockchain that commits
       | its state to the bitcoin blockchain to ensure finality. Seems
       | kind of neat, but I wouldn't call it "smart contracts on
       | bitcoin".
        
         | muneeb wrote:
         | The smart contracts part comes with Clarity lang:
         | https://clarity-lang.org/
         | 
         | Clarity contracts have direct visibility into Bitcoin state and
         | can write logic against that.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | I've moved off the ideological train and hopped on the "can the
         | market bear it" train.
         | 
         | The market can bear committing states to the bitcoin
         | blockchain, and there hasn't been a standardized way to do
         | that. I would therefore call it smart contracts on bitcoin.
        
         | cal5k wrote:
         | Layer 2 seems to be the logical way forward - network fees have
         | gotten ridiculous on the Bitcoin blockchain, and reducing the
         | frequency with which you need to settle there would be a big
         | win. On top of all the added functionality of smart contracts,
         | of course.
        
           | kylebenzle wrote:
           | Please, don't forget, Bitcoin Core (BTC) was hijacked years
           | ago by corporate interests and purposefully crippled with
           | high fees.
           | 
           | From day one Bitcoin was designed to have low or no fees, it
           | is only because Blockstream was able to wrestle control of
           | the GitHub repo and stop the block size increase arbitrarily
           | that high fees exists.
           | 
           | Bitcoin Cash (BCH) long ago took over the "Bitcoin" project
           | as designed by Satoshi Nakamoto and described in his White
           | Paper. Bitcoin Core (BTC) is a broken system designed to
           | enrich developers of "Second Layer" solutions like this.
           | 
           | BTC has failed completely as Peer-to-Peer Digital Cash and
           | today is push only by charlatans and scammers.
        
             | greggturkington wrote:
             | Please, don't forget, Bitcoin Cash (BCH) was hijacked years
             | ago by Ver who purposefully used misleading marketing.
             | 
             | Bitcoin SV (BSV) long ago took over the "Bitcoin" project
             | as designed by Satoshi Nakamoto and described in his White
             | Paper.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >From day one Bitcoin was designed to have low or no fees
             | 
             | How are miners supposed to be compensated, given that the
             | block reward halves every few years?
             | 
             | >because Blockstream was able to wrestle control of the
             | GitHub repo
             | 
             | Can you rebut these counter-claims made by one of the Core
             | devs? https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25566420
             | 
             | >is a broken system designed to enrich developers of
             | "Second Layer" solutions like this.
             | 
             | How are those developers being enriched? Lightning is free
             | and open source.
        
               | kylebenzle wrote:
               | > How are miners supposed to be compensated, given that
               | the block reward halves every few years?
               | 
               | A solved problem by Satoshi. The block reward covers
               | miners expenses for the next 100 years or so, THEN, once
               | the block size is large enough and transactions are in
               | the millions, a fee of a few cents per transaction
               | replaces the block reward.
               | 
               | > Can you rebut these counter-claims made by one of the
               | Core devs?
               | 
               | Yes, easily. This article [1] shows what I am saying,
               | Core devs are funded by Blockstream. [2] Greg Maxwell
               | (nullc) is, "a very dangerous individual whose [actions]
               | speak for themselves". Just read about his past, he is a
               | master social engineer and manipulator.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.theblockcrypto.com/linked/60250/bitcoin-
               | developm...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.reddit.com/r/btc/comments/74se80/wikipedi
               | a_admin...
               | 
               | > How are those developers being enriched? Lightning is
               | free and open source.
               | 
               | Lightning does not work. It is a centralized "solution"
               | to a decentralized problem. Sure, anyone can make a
               | central database, hold Bitcoin and trade them, that is
               | just an exchange, that is what Lightning is. What
               | Blockstream is selling is not Lightning, their product is
               | called Liquid.
        
               | mr_woozy wrote:
               | >he is a master social engineer and manipulator.
               | 
               | Lol, I think we all just learned everything we need to
               | know about your POV.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Yes, easily. This article [1] shows what I am saying,
               | Core devs are funded by Blockstream.
               | 
               | You clearly didn't read the linked comment because the
               | article doesn't have anything to do with the arguments
               | presented.
               | 
               | >Lightning does not work. It is a centralized "solution"
               | to a decentralized problem. Sure, anyone can make a
               | central database, hold Bitcoin and trade them, that is
               | just an exchange, that is what Lightning is.
               | 
               | How is lightning centralized? You can transact with
               | anyone you want, and you maintain a "tab" with them,
               | which can ultimately be settled up on the blockchain. You
               | can also route payments to anyone else on the network.
               | 
               | >What Blockstream is selling is not Lightning, their
               | product is called Liquid.
               | 
               | Okay, how are they monetizing it?
        
               | tromp wrote:
               | > The block reward covers miners expenses for the next
               | 100 years or so
               | 
               | No, it does not. It becomes insignificant in just a few
               | decades (getting 32x smaller every 20 years). So a
               | constant backlog of high fee paying transaction is
               | important to long term security [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5306354.0
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Yeah, in about 70 years, the block subsidy for the entire
               | year will only be 0.01373184 BTC. I highly doubt that
               | would be enough to guard almost 21 million BTC from
               | double spend attacks. That's the equivalent of spending
               | $70,000/year to guard all the gold that's ever been
               | mined.
        
               | tphyahoo2 wrote:
               | lol.
               | 
               | https://taaalk.co/t/bitcoin-maxima-other-crypto-things
               | 
               | Transactions need to be expensive, like the guy you were
               | replying to said. It is beyond obvious.
        
         | chejazi wrote:
         | Curious to understand how the peg integrates with Bitcoin's
         | UTXO model. For instance, Matic [1] uses a construction of the
         | Plasma framework [2] so that the peg can operate
         | bidirectionally.
         | 
         | [1] https://docs.matic.network/docs/contribute/matic-
         | architectur...
         | 
         | [2] http://plasma.io/
        
       | itiman wrote:
       | How much does it cost to interact with it? On an Ethereum smart
       | contract if I wanna purchase a NFT that costs $5 the transaction
       | cost can be between $1 or $100.
        
       | jzer0cool wrote:
       | Just a look through the docs this all reads much better than
       | ethereum. For give me as I am still new to the rapid new things
       | happening in this space.
       | 
       | What's is the ballpark transaction cost?
       | 
       | Also, I was curious what made it difficult to have smart
       | contracts in bitcoin in the first place? I wasn't quite sure why
       | others were not simply having done smart contracts like ethereum
       | and hope to be better educated the solution here. thanks!
        
         | muneeb wrote:
         | Good question!
         | 
         | Bitcoin has limited scripting language (Bitcoin script) for
         | security reasons. Having a general smart contract language
         | could open up a larger attack surface area for Bitcoin.
         | 
         | The transaction costs will be low initially as they're a
         | function of network traffic. The main thing here is to decouple
         | scaling of transaction (as miroblocks on Stacks chain) from the
         | scalability of Bitcoin (and Bitcoin is hard/impossible to
         | change).
        
       | bjoernw wrote:
       | So this assumes there is pent-up demand to use BTC as part of
       | smart contracts that is not yet met by WBTC on Ethereum. I don't
       | see anything that would validate that assumption.
        
         | muneeb wrote:
         | 99% of Bitcoin remains passively outside of smart contracts.
         | Only about 5B on Ethereum. This can be a fairly large market
         | and we're in early days. More use cases don't need to take
         | anything away from Ethereum!
        
           | bjoernw wrote:
           | Maybe that's because 99% is purely held to speculate on the
           | price going up?
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | In the following order of nuance, the 99% of Bitcoiners:
             | 
             | Don't know about this
             | 
             | Don't like the idea of any other distributed ledger
             | attracting capital away from Bitcoin purchases
             | 
             | Don't know the Ethereum platform is different than any
             | other "altcoin"
             | 
             | Don't like Ethereum based on valid or fictional criticism
             | 
             | Don't like WBTC
             | 
             | Don't like renBTC in its current state
             | 
             | Know about all of this, don't mind it, are not interested
             | in complex transactions, are not interested in turning
             | their bitcoin into an interest bearing asset
             | 
             | The growth to the 1% has been pretty good and fast!
             | Billions of $ of BTC on this stuff over just the last two
             | quarters. Isn't that how every startup pitch starts? "If we
             | just get 1% of this market ...."
        
         | ChrisClark wrote:
         | Especially since everything else is on Ethereum anyway. Since
         | this is just a layer 2 solution, you might as well treat
         | Ethereum as a layer 2 for Bitcoin.
        
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