[HN Gopher] Testosterone levels show steady decrease among young...
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       Testosterone levels show steady decrease among young US men
        
       Author : rasengan
       Score  : 254 points
       Date   : 2021-01-14 18:22 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.urologytimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.urologytimes.com)
        
       | francisofascii wrote:
       | There have been studies that indicate women on birth control
       | prefer men with less masculine faces (presumably from lower
       | testosterone). So with birth control around since the 1950's,
       | perhaps there is a link.
        
       | godmode2019 wrote:
       | My 2 cents is we are much more socialised with the internet. Kids
       | spend less time outside more time knowing what the latest social
       | pressure is. One slip up and you will be cancelled.
       | 
       | Similar to taking a dog to doggy day care they are socialise not
       | to be aggressive, from a young age around other dogs and small
       | children.
        
       | ty1564 wrote:
       | I'm reminded of two facts from Matthew Walker's book Why We
       | Sleep:
       | 
       | * People 5-18 years old sleep ~2 hours less per night than they
       | did 100 years ago.
       | 
       | * U of Chicago study found that men who limited their sleep to 5
       | hours per night for a week experienced a drop in testosterone
       | equivalent to 10-15 years of aging.
        
       | fjabre wrote:
       | The ones staying inside all day playing Cyberpunk and not moving
       | from the couch all day? Surprise. We've turned ourselves into
       | actual couch potatoes. Wall-E was prophetic in this regard.
       | 
       | I would love to see this on a chart next to video game and
       | netflix original series releases.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | adkadskhj wrote:
         | Wall-E was made when obesity was already insanely out of
         | control. It was a commentary on society, not a prediction.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | "The youth of today is lazy and stay indoors all day unlike our
         | generation" - evergreen complaint documented going back at
         | least 2000 years. Aristotle was ranting about "millennials" in
         | 4 BC. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20171003-proof-that-
         | peo...
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | Well, the thing about evergreens is that they keep getting
           | taller...
        
           | draw_down wrote:
           | Sure, nothing has ever changed. Anyone who says anything has
           | changed is just Aristotle
        
           | vadansky wrote:
           | "evergreen" but context matters. If these were issues that
           | were raised during the decline of civilizations then it's
           | still valid.
           | 
           | I mean, look at Greece now.
        
         | gameswithgo wrote:
         | physical activity was controlled for
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | but not sleep
        
           | adrr wrote:
           | Can you really control for that when our lifestyle has
           | fundamentally changed over time? Washing dishes by hand is
           | something I have stopped doing since 1990 as an example.
        
       | zug_zug wrote:
       | Sure seem to be a lot of comments attributing this to changes in
       | daily life that were controlled for.
       | 
       | Not saying it's 100% chemical, but it's always good to educate
       | oneself on the possibility
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenoestrogen
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | rm2040 wrote:
       | Mean total testosterone decreased from 1999-2000 (605.39 ng/dL),
       | 2003-2004 (567.44 ng/dL), 2011-2012 (424.96 ng/dL), 2013-2014
       | (431.76 ng/dL), andd 2015-2016 (451.22 ng/dL; all P < .0001).
        
       | ausbah wrote:
       | would this have any relationship to declining sperm rates as
       | well?
        
       | hyko wrote:
       | The paper doesn't show a steady decrease.
        
       | bzb6 wrote:
       | Giving a literal sense to the saying "back in my time, when men
       | where men"
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | I'm sure this thought will be a downvote magnet but I wonder if
       | low testosterone levels is somehow related to the "snowflakes"
       | phenomenon in US culture.
        
         | Apocryphon wrote:
         | Hipsters, Hippies, Beatniks, Bohemians- there have always been
         | youth cultures with an equal mix of idealism and entitlement.
         | Usually these subcultures are rooted in the educated middle
         | classes. With the massive increase in higher education rates in
         | the past half century, these subcultures grow larger. None of
         | this is new. It's just an effect of societal development.
        
           | ausbah wrote:
           | how does that related to the study? lack of physical activity
           | or something? it seems like they controlled for such factors
           | and the problem persisted
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | I'm not referring to the study, I'm arguing against the
             | OP's claims that "snowflakes" are a new phenomenon.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | multjoy wrote:
         | Except it isn't actually a thing. The people who loudly
         | proclaim 'snowflake' invariably have zero personal resilience
         | themselves.
        
           | ketamine__ wrote:
           | Exactly. Constant complaining doesn't show much resilience.
        
           | xwdv wrote:
           | I don't see how that's dismissing my idea? Low testosterone
           | all around it seems.
        
             | adkadskhj wrote:
             | S/He's dismissing the idea of snowflake culture, not the
             | testosterone study.
        
         | helen___keller wrote:
         | "snowflake" is used commonly as a pejorative without a clear
         | definition in mind, much less a consistent application
         | criteria. If you could specify in more detail what phenomena
         | you think may be related to low testosterone, you're more
         | likely to find better reception.
        
           | xwdv wrote:
           | Someone else can probably describe it better than me with
           | concrete examples and comparing and contrasting different
           | periods in history, I only have a feel for the zeitgeist.
        
         | eplanit wrote:
         | I think it correlates, but I don't know if one causes the
         | other.
         | 
         | I've been hearing of these kind of "testosterone levels are
         | declining" studies for a while. For a looong time I've been
         | perplexed by modern males -- they just don't seem like people I
         | grew up with. Physical forms are much softer, voices lighter --
         | lots of either ectomorphs or endomorphs. For me, these studies
         | provide an "Ah, so that must be it" way of seeing it. At least
         | it's a plausible explanation.
         | 
         | Related to this, we need to bring the word "twerp"[1] back into
         | the vernacular.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.wordnik.com/words/twerp
        
       | okprod wrote:
       | That's because everyone is in front of screens these days,
       | usually seeking attention.
        
       | o_p wrote:
       | And that's a good thing!
        
         | ginko wrote:
         | You jest (I assume), but it really is startling how this isn't
         | treated like the health crisis it seems to be.
         | 
         | I come from a country with compulsory military service and
         | there's regular talk about the health of young conscripts
         | declining over the years. The solution by the government?
         | Reduce the requirements for fitness so they can get the
         | necessary number of men (not women of course).
        
           | o_p wrote:
           | I'm not sure if HNers worry about this because actual health
           | risks or because of some male pride, maybe Im ignoring health
           | risks caused by low testosterone, but I feel is quite the
           | opposite, women are generally healthier and live longer.
           | 
           | If anything, low T will make you bald less, there are many
           | unhealthy habits of the modern life, sedentarism and obesity,
           | that have real negative impacts, its odd to me why we would
           | specifically care about this
        
             | DC1350 wrote:
             | It also makes you sad, have low energy, less drive to do
             | anything, lower muscle mass, worse facial aesthetics, more
             | feminine fat distribution, weaker sperm, and less bone
             | growth through puberty. It is pretty much not a good thing
             | for any reason.
        
               | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
               | I have zero T after being chemically castrated, feel no
               | sadness at all. I would say life is better after no
               | longer having an urge to chase a hole all the time.
        
       | kizer wrote:
       | 26 and just was prescribed testosterone booster. Haven't changed
       | anything... it really came out of nowhere.
        
       | __alias wrote:
       | I'm 25.
       | 
       | Had a test 6 months ago out of curiosity, results came back at
       | under 150. Doctor told me it had to have been a dud and had
       | another test which resulted in around 300.
       | 
       | Results are still significantly below average but the Doctor
       | advised I don't purse TRT or anything as I don't have any adverse
       | symptoms.
       | 
       | I eat healthy, work out fairly regularly and get a fair bit of
       | sun. I often wonder how different my muscle density / focus / sex
       | drive would be at average T levels.
        
         | hippich wrote:
         | For what it is worth - I am in my 30s, but not really having a
         | healthy lifestyle. Had test of about 250 (one of the labs I
         | done in search of getting motivation back). Doc put me on trt.
         | In 4 month we dialed it to about 900-1000 stable. Had no
         | noticable improvements in any areas (except morning wood like I
         | am teenager again). Later there were some side effects and I
         | discontinued it. Again, no noticable differences.
         | 
         | For what it is worth, it appears that my body seems to need
         | just that much of test.
        
           | joncrane wrote:
           | Some people have more receptors and/or are more sensitive to
           | certain things.
           | 
           | Higher testosterone leads to more risk taking and other
           | adverse behaviors, as well as increased blood pressure and,
           | anecdotally, "increased aging." I believe it has something to
           | do with collagen synthesis.
           | 
           | You absolutely made the right decision to come off TRT.
        
         | eecks wrote:
         | How do you organise a test? Do you have to go see your doc just
         | to ask and then go back again for the test?
        
           | joncrane wrote:
           | Not sure what country you live in but if it's a GP, they
           | write you a prescription and you go to a lab.
           | 
           | Many endocrinologists have blood draw facilities within the
           | practice.
           | 
           | Either way you have to go back to interpret the results and,
           | if appropriate, receive the prescription.
        
       | klmadfejno wrote:
       | Plastics and what not feel like easy targets, but I would bet
       | this is primarily BMI. The paper seems to conclude that BMI is
       | the big part.
       | 
       | > Elevated BMI was associated with reduced total testosterone
       | levels (P < .0001), with the mean BMI increasing from 25.83 in
       | 1999-2000, to 27.96 in 2015-2016 (P = 0.0006).
       | 
       | They do say: > Lokeshwar noted that even men with a normal BMI
       | (18.5-24.9) had declining total testosterone levels (P < .05)
       | during the same time frames.
       | 
       | However the range of 18.5-24.9 is wider than the mean increase
       | that they think is the most noteworthy independent variable. It's
       | fully possible that within the BMI band of 18.5-24.9, average BMI
       | nonetheless increased and is the primary driver. Note that the
       | effect size over time is muuuuch more significant when not
       | controlling for binned BMI.
       | 
       | That doesn't mean whatever environmental shit you're not fond of
       | is safe of course. Heck, in some roundabout way it may even be
       | contributing to obesity, possibly even through other hormonal
       | changes. Wouldn't be my first guess though.
        
         | r00fus wrote:
         | But didn't the study control for BMI?
        
           | klmadfejno wrote:
           | control is a weird term. I don't have the paper to validate,
           | but I'd guess by control they meant they verified the effect
           | was visible within BMI bands based on the wording of the
           | article.
        
         | nxc18 wrote:
         | Completely agree about BMI ranges potentially being too wide.
         | 
         | I just checked Fitbit and was surprised to see I'm now in the
         | "ideal" range. I have man boobs and a muffin top. While I'm
         | rarely the fattest person around anymore, I'm very clearly
         | still overweight.
         | 
         | It's rare enough to see men that aren't visibly overweight that
         | it feels like a real exception when I do.
         | 
         | I suspect there are _lots_ of fat men with an "ideal" BMI
         | 18.5-24.9.
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | BMI is only so good of a measure. A bodybuilder would be
           | labelled as morbidly obese.
        
           | staticman2 wrote:
           | The BMI recommendations are not supposed to be based on
           | beauty standards it's supposed to be based on health
           | outcomes.
        
           | Jtsummers wrote:
           | > I just checked Fitbit and was surprised to see I'm now in
           | the "ideal" range. I have man boobs and a muffin top. While
           | I'm rarely the fattest person around anymore, I'm very
           | clearly still overweight.
           | 
           | In college a classmate used the term "skinny fat" to describe
           | himself, same body type you describe. He was within the
           | healthy weight range for his height and frame, but because of
           | poor diet and exercise (primarily exercise) he had a rather
           | high body fat percentage. It's easy to hit that point if you
           | have a halfway decent diet (at least by calorie count) but a
           | sedentary lifestyle (like us at the time, and perhaps more
           | now, living on our computers playing video games and
           | programming). The rest of us were just "fat fat" since our
           | diets (especially sodas, he never drank any and some of us
           | were only hydrated because of them) were much worse than his
           | and we were similarly sedentary.
        
             | t-writescode wrote:
             | Also, the "muffin top" only really goes away at like 15%
             | body fat or lower. I had a small muffin top back in college
             | with an incredibly active lifestyle (lots of walks all the
             | time) and a BMI of 21.8 (well into the 'ideal' range)
        
               | worker767424 wrote:
               | I've been from 10% to 25% body fat and an confirm 15% is
               | about right for the muffin top, and 20% body fat at the
               | cutoff for a healthy level.
        
         | likpok wrote:
         | One other interesting factor: BMI is a rough measure with
         | substantial room for error. Everyone likes to criticize BMI
         | because a lean athlete can show up as "overweight" due to
         | muscle, but the opposite is also true. If you have a lot _less_
         | muscle then increased fat can show up as  "normal".
         | 
         | I would hazard a guess that there are a lot more people with
         | less lean muscle tissue than the 1970s, so BMI can understate
         | how fat people are.
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | BMI is _great_. But, not for individuals. If you average BMI,
           | you get great cheap population measurw
        
       | wonder_er wrote:
       | I listened to a podcast episode recently - I don't really listen
       | to much of the podcast, but I had a 12 hr drive, and have enjoyed
       | occasional episodes in the past.
       | 
       | The host is Eric Weinstein, who is himself a scientist and seems
       | to be a rather sharp individual.
       | 
       | https://theportal.wiki/wiki/19:_Bret_Weinstein_-_The_Predict...
       | 
       | It takes _a while_ to get going. Eventually, however, the host
       | has his brother explain a convoluted story where, basically, his
       | brother (an _extremely_ competent researcher and scientist)
       | discovered a genetic anomily in all the mice used in labratories
       | around the world.
       | 
       | Because the mice were bread with such a pressure on the
       | population, the telemeres on their DNA were getting awkwardly
       | long (or short? I don't remember) resulting in their cells being
       | _unusually good at repairing themselves_ with a downside of
       | under-reporting the incident-rate of cancer.
       | 
       | The discovery got sniped from him, when he started reaching out
       | from other prominent researchers, and eventually the discovery
       | was buried.
       | 
       | It seems _plausible_ that he tripped across an extremely damaging
       | fact, one that would have forced a broad re-evaluation of the
       | risk of many substances and medications recognized as  "safe" or
       | "healthy".
       | 
       | Stuff like this long-term testosterone decrease, if it's indeed a
       | bad thing (it might not be!) could be a result of that kind of
       | scientific burying.
       | 
       | Anyway - it was an interesting story.
        
       | helen___keller wrote:
       | The study states the majority of the effect is for fairly
       | predictable causes like age and obesity, but I found this
       | interesting:
       | 
       | > After controlling for confounders--including year of study,
       | age, race, BMI, comorbidity status, alcohol and smoking use, and
       | level of physical activity--total testosterone was lower among
       | men in the later (2011-2016) versus earlier (1999-2000) cycles (P
       | < 0.001)
       | 
       | Excluding all those confounders, there's not much we're left
       | with. Environmental toxins?
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | Simple explanation: americans get less sleep today than they
         | did 20 years ago.
         | 
         | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/americans-get-less-sleep-than-2...
        
           | sp3000 wrote:
           | Bingo. One aspect of this is sleep (quantity and quality).
           | The drop in testosterone is likely multifactorial though:
           | sleep, nutrition, movement, stress -> all contributors that
           | have the potential to decrease testosterone levels and creat
           | hormone imbalances.
        
         | The_rationalist wrote:
         | Genetic degradation of the human race?
        
           | bencollier49 wrote:
           | I don't know why this was voted down. We've been performing
           | in vitro fertilisation en masse since the 1980s. All of a
           | sudden, men with non-motile sperm are fathering children.
           | 
           | So as a single cause it's not that massive, but at 1% of all
           | births, the effects will soon stack up.
        
             | worker767424 wrote:
             | Also that reducing infant mortality rate and other early
             | death rates means the weak ones live long enough to breed.
             | Unlike IVF, this just stalls genetics. IVF actively selects
             | for fertility issues.
        
         | throwaway5752 wrote:
         | Diminishing role of strength and aggression as a factor in
         | reproductive success?
        
           | trianglem wrote:
           | Definitely not a worldwide phenomenon.
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | lower real income for working class.
        
         | jointpdf wrote:
         | Possibilities:
         | 
         | - stress/anxiety/depression
         | 
         | - sleep deprivation/disruption
         | 
         | - high-speed internet access (--> overuse of porn)
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > sleep deprivation/disruption
           | 
           | Add to that an _extremely_ unhealthy work trend. 50 years
           | ago, an ordinary factory employee could feed on a regular
           | full time wage a wife that could stay home, two kids, have a
           | simple house, health insurance and go on a vacation once a
           | year.
           | 
           | Today? Two jobs (and/or extreme overtime) for both people to
           | make rent, home ownership rates dropped because even simple
           | homes run up for well over a million dollars, 2008ff/corona
           | have caused an immense wage depression, and people regularly
           | go to gofundme for medical issues or go bankrupt.
           | 
           | Add to that: highly processed, unhealthy food is way cheaper
           | than fresh, selfmade food, and people living paycheck to
           | paycheck can't afford bulk purchases or Whole Foods. The
           | effect of food on health is more than sufficiently
           | documented.
           | 
           | That is an immense mental toll, and not just in the US but
           | worldwide.
        
           | RobRivera wrote:
           | i personally chime in my antidote towards stress and sleep
           | deprivation. a year after significant reduced stress and
           | better sleep hygeine I'm seeing better test levels and
           | performance in the gym.
        
           | mrob wrote:
           | Another possibility:
           | 
           | - Internet access (and better telecommunications in general)
           | means you're competing with the whole world. Every day you
           | see many people who are more successful than you, which
           | lowers your perception of your own social status.
           | Testosterone is believed to increase status-seeking behavior.
           | If such behavior persistently fails, maybe testosterone
           | production is reduced to avoid pointless risk.
        
             | tachyonbeam wrote:
             | That's an interesting hypothesis. I do feel that as the
             | amount of content online increases, it becomes harder and
             | harder to feel like any output you have matters. Be it
             | writing a blog or open source software, there's competition
             | everywhere. It's also harder to make it a say, a musician,
             | when you consider the amount of music that everyone can
             | access on Spotify for example. Any amount of creative
             | output that someone can output is somewhat diluted.
             | 
             | I find it much harder to motivate myself to produce
             | anything than I did 10 years ago. I might just be older,
             | but I do think that content dilution has something to do
             | with it as well. How do you free yourself from that?
        
           | zanethomas wrote:
           | and soy!
        
             | iamatworknow wrote:
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20378106/
        
             | danbolt wrote:
             | I think if the phytoestrogens found in soy-based foods had
             | an effect on testosterone levels anywhere close to
             | estradiol, we'd see feminine transgender people using them
             | as part of hormone-replacement therapy. It tends not to
             | happen though, as soy-based foods aren't really effective
             | at feminizing men.
        
               | eeZah7Ux wrote:
               | The fear of phytoestrogens is completely unfounded.
               | 
               | Funnily enough, some men that are concerned about
               | estrogen intake through food do stop stop eating cow
               | meat.
               | 
               | A female mammal that, unsurprisingly, produces tons of
               | estrogen.
        
         | jackallis wrote:
         | child rearing and geopolitcal conflict i.e War and conflict.
         | 
         | whole point of testosterone, being tad reductionist here, is,
         | atleast in the wild, to make you alpha male - agressiveness to
         | defend.
         | 
         | and if you look at 1900s, it was mired with geopolitial
         | conflict, probably causing men to lead universally aggressive
         | life.
         | 
         | now to post 1990s, things have dramitcally changed.
        
           | toxik wrote:
           | What if the geopolitical climate is a result of testosterone
           | levels in the population?
        
             | waihtis wrote:
             | That's where you get into interesting territory. It's not a
             | wild suggestion, is it?
        
             | jackallis wrote:
             | this is where you get into the conversation about chicken
             | and egg. my hypothesis was geoclimate could have led to
             | increased level of testosterone in Men, not other way
             | around. What you asked will lead us to ask the the first
             | origin of increased T
        
         | downrightmike wrote:
         | plastics and estrogen similar molecules they let off
        
         | admiralspoo wrote:
         | Why does it have to be toxins? What about diet?
        
           | gameswithgo wrote:
           | would need to be dietary changes that don't also change BMI,
           | since that was controlled for.
        
             | godshatter wrote:
             | I wonder if soil depletion of minerals and vitamins due to
             | over farming couldn't also be a suspect here. It's a
             | problem I haven't heard much about lately.
        
         | waihtis wrote:
         | Plastics?
        
           | lom888 wrote:
           | This is a common theory.
           | https://www.npr.org/2011/03/02/134196209/study-most-
           | plastics...
        
         | lazyjones wrote:
         | How about natural selection putting men with physical traits
         | like body hair at a disadvantage due to modern beauty
         | standards?
        
         | voldacar wrote:
         | traces of plasticzers, which can act as endocrine disruptors,
         | are found basically everywhere in modern civilization
        
         | floatingatoll wrote:
         | Is 'wealth' one of the confounding factors they controlled for?
         | In inflation-adjusted terms, most US workers saw a reduction in
         | net wages after necessary expenses over this ten year period.
        
           | eeZah7Ux wrote:
           | Why the downvotes? There's been a skyrocketing increase in
           | consumption of junk food in low-wage worker class who often
           | can't find the time to cook and cannot afford more expensive
           | healthy food.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | That relative reduction in wages happened over the same time
           | living standards skyrocketed (turns out if you offshore
           | everything the newly poor people can afford slightly better
           | material conditions because everything is so much cheaper) so
           | you're gonna have a hell of a time separating the effects.
        
             | floatingatoll wrote:
             | Yes. I ask because relative reduction in wages would
             | decrease access to foods with a high density of unprocessed
             | and non-fortified nutrients, regardless of the quality of
             | the non-edible materials in their life. When combined with
             | the tendency of US food to decrease in total non-fortified
             | nutrient value over time, it could influencing the human
             | body's hormone production.
        
         | gameswithgo wrote:
         | time spent outdoors?
        
           | Someone1234 wrote:
           | Low vitamin D (i.e. low sun exposure), has been shown to
           | reduce testosterone levels:
           | 
           | > Compared to baseline values, a significant increase in
           | total testosterone levels (from 10.7 +- 3.9 nmol/l to 13.4 +-
           | 4.7 nmol/l; p < 0.001), bioactive testosterone (from 5.21 +-
           | 1.87 nmol/l to 6.25 +- 2.01 nmol/l; p = 0.001), and free
           | testosterone levels (from 0.222 +- 0.080 nmol/l to 0.267 +-
           | 0.087 nmol/l; p = 0.001) were observed in the vitamin D
           | supplemented group. By contrast, there was no significant
           | change in any testosterone measure in the placebo group. Our
           | results suggest that vitamin D supplementation might increase
           | testosterone levels. Further randomized controlled trials are
           | warranted to confirm this hypothesis.
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21154195/
        
           | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
           | Spending time behind a screen more than with people.
           | Compounded with more desk jobs too.
        
         | stevenmays wrote:
         | I read a hypothesis that it's birth control going to waste
         | water facilities, and then getting back into the drinking water
         | supply. From what I read a charcoal filter lessens the effects
         | - which I believe gets filtered through a normal refrigerator
         | filter. Please verify this information first, it's all
         | conjecture and hypothesis.
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | Birth control pill usage is slowly but inexorably declining
           | as younger demographics start to favor IUDs more; IUDs were
           | virtually unknown circa 2000 but today they're about equal in
           | popularity. If true then we would expect the above trend to
           | reverse within 20 years.
        
             | tachyonbeam wrote:
             | Modern IUDs release hormones.
        
               | kibwen wrote:
               | They release progestin, not estrogen. And even then they
               | seem to release a 3-7x lower volume of hormones per day
               | than pills.
               | 
               | I also would ask for a source on the relative popularity
               | of the hormonal IUDs vs the non-hormonal copper ones; I
               | haven't seen any source provide that sort of breakdown.
        
           | worker767424 wrote:
           | We don't directly recycle treated wastewater into drinking
           | water much in the US. The closest you get is treated water
           | being released into a river, and a city downstream uses it,
           | there's a lot of dilution going on in-between. You'd also
           | expect someone to notice it not affecting cities with water
           | supplies that aren't downstream from wastewater treatment.
        
           | mobilejdral wrote:
           | Birth control pills these days are a fraction of what they
           | were back in say the 50's.
           | 
           | Women on HRT take 20,000 times the estrogen that is found in
           | a estrogen birth control for example.
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | There's apparently also a slight decrease in body temperature
         | during the 20th century (not sure if it's men only or all
         | people)
         | 
         | Related?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | HDMI_Cable wrote:
           | Wouldn't a decrease in temperature result in more
           | testosterone? Since sperm production is optimal at 35C.
        
           | iheartblocks wrote:
           | I believe that the reduction in temperature is generally
           | attributed to lower levels of inflammation, which in turn is
           | likely caused by reduced exposure to disease
        
         | eloff wrote:
         | Could be something in the environment, something in our diet.
         | 
         | I'm curious if it's porn. Supposedly masturbation reduces
         | testosterone levels. [1] Maybe men are just wanking more
         | because of access to porn?
        
           | eloff wrote:
           | For some reason I can't edit my comment to add the link to
           | the study.
           | 
           | This study shows a 45% spike in testosterone after 7 days of
           | abstinence.
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12659241/
        
             | iheartblocks wrote:
             | I see this study referenced frequently, and it's always
             | seemed dubious. Why would there be a spike at exactly 7
             | days of abstinence, before returning to baseline? It's
             | possible that the measuring apparatus was improperly
             | calibrated on that day. Has this study been reproduced?
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | Maybe nobody could make it past 7 days.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | They are not the masters of their domain.
        
             | surge wrote:
             | Yeah there's a lot of non-religious people who are finding
             | the advantages of abstaining from porn (/r/nofap and
             | /r/pornfree) or trying to limit its use. They say the T
             | boost is temporary, but the behavioral factors make it
             | worth it. Like they're more apt to be social with women, go
             | on dates, etc, if they don't just relieve themselves, they
             | actually have motivation.
        
               | jswizzy wrote:
               | can we not link to toxic websites like Reddit?
        
               | alsssop wrote:
               | I hate to tell you, but this website is functionally just
               | a mini-reddit. And it exhibits as much toxicity as any
               | semi-special-interest subreddit (perhaps even more, due
               | to the many posts that are politically topical).
        
               | jjoonathan wrote:
               | Exactly. Abstaining from porn made me super horny and
               | restless.
               | 
               | If you need to motivate yourself to hit on women, this is
               | a positive.
               | 
               | If you need to do something intellectual -- work or play
               | -- it's a sharp negative, though. Evangelists tend to
               | gloss over this point.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | Actually as Joe Rogan is quick to point out, if you're
               | confused about your feelings for a woman, or you're
               | feeling tempted by someone who's not your partner. Rub
               | one out and you'll be surprised at the clarity it brings.
        
               | svieira wrote:
               | The funny thing is, if you hold the line longer (months)
               | and have something else to pour yourself into the
               | restlessness decreases and you're left with _focus_.
        
               | jjoonathan wrote:
               | Mmm-hmm.
               | 
               | Let me guess -- if I nofap for months _and_ eat less
               | _and_ exercise more, it will also help with weight loss?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Yeah there's a lot of non-religious people who are
               | finding the advantages of abstaining from porn (/r/nofap
               | and /r/pornfree) or trying to limit its use. They say the
               | T boost is temporary
               | 
               | The T boost from refraining from masturbation is
               | disputed, and AFAIK no one has even asserted that there
               | is one from refraining from _porn_ , as such.
               | 
               | "Some folks online claim that refraining from
               | masturbation makes them feel more manly, more masculine,
               | more assertive, more dominant, and more attractive to
               | females. They allege that this effect emerges from a
               | supposed increase in testosterone when they stopped
               | masturbating.
               | 
               | "These claims are often supported by reference to a very
               | small, un-replicated study from China, which involved a
               | very small sample of 10 males. Being interested in this
               | study and how the analysis was conducted, colleagues have
               | attempted to obtain the study data to verify, but have
               | been unable to. But better research finds that
               | testosterone isn't as simple as these claims would have
               | it."
               | 
               | -- https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/women-who-
               | stray/2020...
               | 
               | "In other words, while there is indeed some research
               | finding that sexual abstinence is linked to higher
               | testosterone in men, the evidence is--at best--very
               | mixed. Also, if you look to the overall trend in the
               | data, it actually suggests that being sexually active in
               | general increases testosterone, with the most consistent
               | finding being that looking at porn enhances T."
               | 
               | -- https://www.lehmiller.com/blog/2020/1/24/can-
               | abstaining-from...
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | Thanks for sharing. It sounds like the claim is dubious
               | then.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | jonnycomputer wrote:
             | probably why the ProudBoy jerks swear to abstain from it.
        
               | mplewis wrote:
               | This study is why the Proud Boys practice abstinence,
               | yes.
        
             | carabiner wrote:
             | Is this study credible? I mean it was based on 28 men. Are
             | the researchers and their institution, Hangzhou Normal
             | College, legitimate in the field of medical research?
        
             | toxik wrote:
             | Huh, that actually makes a lot of sense. I guess then if
             | you want gains, stop a-spankin'. Is that true?
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | Athletes famously abstain before a major game. I don't
               | know if it's true or not, but there's some indication it
               | could be.
        
               | newen wrote:
               | It recedes to normal after the 7th day, so masturbate
               | every 7 or 8 days for best effect..
        
             | zug_zug wrote:
             | I'm fairly sure these studies control for recency of
             | masturbation (I know sperm-count studies do)
        
             | slothtrop wrote:
             | This has been known for awhile, but this spike doesn't
             | persist. It quickly levels back down.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
           | I pretty sure if you ask people who grew up before the
           | internet age you'd still find plenty of masturbation going
           | on. To quote a famous scientist - life, uh, finds a way.
        
       | at_a_remove wrote:
       | I know from testing that mine would be perfectly normal ... if I
       | were in my eighties and had to use a walker to get around,
       | according to my doctor. He hypothesized that I may never have had
       | normal levels and I am inclined to agree. Unfortunately,
       | treatment is complicated by a metabolic disorder I have, so I
       | would have to find an aromatase inhibitor to suit as well as
       | something to put a halt to 5-alpha-reductase.
       | 
       | Admittedly, I find myself somewhat _afraid_ of a variety of small
       | factors. Certainly I would like to keep my hair, but more than
       | that I am concerned that I simply wouldn 't know how to deal with
       | the drive (normally one would say "renewed" here but I have been
       | take-it-or-leave-it about most things).
        
       | davesque wrote:
       | I see a lot of speculation here about something like an unknown
       | toxin being the cause. Is it possible that societal and cultural
       | trends are driving this change? In other words, the emotional
       | quality of modern day life. Perhaps another explanation is simply
       | just evolution. After all, what does physical prowess really get
       | you nowadays compared with even 20 or 30 years before?
        
       | legerdemain wrote:
       | Can we use testosterone to absorb excess CO2??
        
       | lmilcin wrote:
       | I wonder to what extend this is due to parenting and the fact
       | kids are not exposed to other kids their age without adult
       | control anymore.
       | 
       | Then when they grow up they get consumed with electronic devices
       | and loose chances for actual physical contact with others
       | typically necessary to test your position on a ladder.
        
       | icare_1er wrote:
       | This explains a lot politically.
        
       | mjfl wrote:
       | They say they controlled for BMI, but if the dependence on BMI is
       | nonlinear (i.e. higher BMI reinforces it's own destructive effect
       | on testosterone) then there will still be a residual effect after
       | that control. I think this effect is entirely due to BMI.
        
       | wassenaar10 wrote:
       | Microplastics in most water supplies, hormones in most meats, and
       | the western diet in general being high in sugars and simple
       | carbohydrates seem to me to be the most likely culprits. It's
       | also possible that other sources of pollution, for example
       | pesticides, pay a role in it but that's something I know less
       | about.
       | 
       | Good luck getting anything done about the ubiquity of endocrine
       | disrupters in our food and water supply though. The lack of an
       | acute effect and the difficulty in even assigning causality for
       | something like this makes regulatory action pretty difficult.
        
         | datavirtue wrote:
         | That's because you are fighting the people who pay for the
         | elections. Outside of that, banning endocrine disrupters is
         | trivial. See France.
        
       | williesleg wrote:
       | Hey soyboy!
        
       | normlEyezd wrote:
       | A baboon group lost its alpha males to illness from spoiled food.
       | Researchers noted the remaining group developed more
       | affectionate, communal behaviors as a result.
       | 
       | Perhaps our change in culture, teaching kids earlier to adopt a
       | more thoughtful approach to interacting with others is creating
       | less external stimulus.
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/13/science/no-time-for-bulli...
        
       | dropbear__cute wrote:
       | Young men have important things to do, apart from fighting for
       | dominance.
        
       | totalZero wrote:
       | Dr. Philip Zimbardo wrote a book called "Man, Interrupted" that
       | addresses this topic to some degree. One factor that he mentioned
       | was the advent of high-speed internet, supporting both video
       | games (virtual achievement) and pornography (virtual
       | gratification).
       | 
       | AOL announced its plans for high-speed DSL internet in January of
       | 1999 -- the same year as the beginning of the study period.
       | 
       | https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:wV1z7-...
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | I've also seen articles saying there's a similar declining level
       | of physical strength among men (measured by grip strength). I
       | wonder if sitting at home all day playing video games instead of
       | being outside running around reduces T levels.
        
         | Beaver117 wrote:
         | How does being outside running around increase grip strength?
        
           | Jtsummers wrote:
           | "Running around" means several things, in context he probably
           | means kids being outside playing. Like running around the
           | neighborhood, climbing things, throwing things, etc. Not just
           | being on their feet running.
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | Men are becoming wimpier. I know my cousin growing up was afraid
       | of dogs, heights, terrified of open water, and so on. He grew up
       | with few friends, did not play any sports, and spent most days
       | indoors on the computer, very over protective mother.
       | 
       | Honestly, in previous times he would be ridiculed for being very
       | wimpy and scared of the world. Very little social pressure now.
       | You can just retreat into your man cave, battle station, or
       | cacoon after coming home from a very safe office job.
       | 
       | Masculinity is not just genetic. Just like muscles, it needs
       | context for it to develop. Had he grown up in Sparta, same
       | person, would be different.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | helen___keller wrote:
         | > Very little social pressure now. You can just retreat into
         | your man cave, battle station, or cacoon after coming home from
         | a very safe office job.
         | 
         | Is there a reason to believe this kind of social pressure would
         | actually affect your testosterone levels? Does being pressured
         | into acting more manly actually change your hormone levels?
         | Sounds dubious, unless we're going by second order effects
         | (decreased obesity from doing "manly things", etc).
        
           | newen wrote:
           | Exercise increases testosterone levels, for one. So I would
           | think, yes, if only because being pressured into acting more
           | manly makes men do more exercise and sports to look more
           | manly.
        
           | dukeofdoom wrote:
           | Well you answered your own question. You become by doing. If
           | you don't train muscles they don't grow. If you're sedentary,
           | and obese, knock on effect from doing that.
           | 
           | Just think about it this way. If you got dropped off to live
           | in the wilderness of Alaska. And I came back to visit you in
           | a year. Do you think you would be more masculine. I bet so.
           | All kinds of changes would need to be made by you and your
           | body just to survive. From fitness level, to body fat
           | percentage, and so on.
        
             | helen___keller wrote:
             | > All kinds of changes would need to be made by you and
             | your body just to survive. From fitness level, to body fat
             | percentage, and so on.
             | 
             | Sure, but if the wimpy guy hits the gym every day and has
             | an optimal diet (but otherwise works their desk job, maybe
             | with a standing desk, and retreats to their man cave),
             | would you expect that to work roughly just as well?
        
               | dukeofdoom wrote:
               | I don't know how much actually being outdoors matters. I
               | suspect that getting exposed to a forest environment;
               | cold, bacteria/molds in the air, sunshine, and so on
               | might matter too. Even possibly eating gamely animals.
               | 
               | I grew up on a farm, so I know that dogs that are kept
               | outdoors, act differently than dogs that are kept
               | indoors.
               | 
               | They are more aggressive, appear fitter, and smarter. I
               | suspect their brains might develop differently from
               | living outdoors.
        
             | klmadfejno wrote:
             | I find this worldview really funny.
             | 
             | How would you increase estrogen?
        
               | dukeofdoom wrote:
               | I don't know how to increase estrogen levels in normal
               | weight women. But you can definitely lower estrogen
               | levels, by dropping below a certain body fat percentage.
               | In fact, at some point, a women will lose her cycle if
               | she's too skinny and wont be able to get pregnant.
               | 
               | My ex girlfriend had six pack abs, was a very fit person.
               | Probably top 1% of all women. I suspect that my
               | girlfriend was able to achieve her six pack abs for 3
               | reasons. Had a meat/low sugar/low carb diet, and did a
               | lot of swimming. But I suspect, the biggest reason was
               | that she probably had higher than average testosterone
               | levels for a woman. That also had the knock on effect of
               | her liking exercise more.
        
               | klmadfejno wrote:
               | So the woman who exercises a lot probably does so because
               | she has high testosterone,
               | 
               | But the man who has low testosterone probably does so
               | because of social norms?
               | 
               | The chicken and egg appears to reverse in your reasoning
               | here
        
               | dukeofdoom wrote:
               | You make a good point. I think of these more like a feed
               | back loop. One can affect the other. You can spiral up,
               | or spiral down. Some people might be genetically
               | predisposed to become Alcoholics. Once you start drinking
               | more, it will make you more of an alcoholic. Drinking
               | less, will make you less of an alcoholic. Social pressure
               | might help you drink less, or drink more. Its not
               | inconsistent.
        
               | itsyaboi wrote:
               | What about it amuses you?
        
               | klmadfejno wrote:
               | It's conflating traditional gender norms, social
               | masculinity, and physical traits like testosterone, then
               | bundling everything into you gotta act like X to acquire
               | Y, because that's how muscles work. Rugged man living off
               | the woods in Alaska feels like a tropey barbarian.
               | 
               | If his logic is to believed, there should be equal
               | methods to raise hormone levels for estrogen. I'm curious
               | what he would propose.
               | 
               | Living in the wilderness is probably hard work, but I
               | might bet more on the guy who plays team sports on
               | weekends, eats healthy meals, and tries to get laid in a
               | civil society.
               | 
               | People had meek cousins at all times of history.
        
             | staticman2 wrote:
             | Stress to the body from overexercise can decrease
             | testosterone, though.
        
       | Fnoord wrote:
       | @dang, (2020)
        
       | asdff wrote:
       | People cite activity declining, but really we've been plenty
       | sedentary for all those decades since we eliminated electric
       | public transit in most American cities in the 1950s-60s. Some
       | people walk 20 feet to their car, 200 feet to the elevator, 20
       | feet to the cubicle, then end the day back at home without
       | scarcely moving 1000 feet by their own leg. That isn't new
       | between 1999 and today. People spend all day inside watching TV
       | or playing video games rather than playing outside, that too
       | isn't new. If anything, more people are biking, hiking, and
       | running outside than they were 20 years ago.
       | 
       | Another potential factor that I think may be a culprit is sleep.
       | Americans sleep less today than 20 years ago:
       | 
       | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/americans-get-less-sleep-than-2...
       | 
       | https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/10/28/7736227...
       | 
       | What is driving this? Well, it could be our addiction to staring
       | at a phone screen for hours at a time in total silence, unmoving.
       | It's probably a combination of things, like the fact that
       | americans are working more hours than they were 10 years ago and
       | now have to sacrifice a good nights sleep to get all their
       | personal business done when they aren't working:
       | 
       | https://www.businessinsider.com/american-work-habits-culture...
        
       | kizer wrote:
       | Also, it's less acceptable it seems for men to display aggression
       | or engage in debauchery. Many men are meant to fight or compete.
        
         | danbolt wrote:
         | How do you know what someone's meant to do?
        
       | cashsterling wrote:
       | Read up on estrogen mimics:
       | https://www.uwec.edu/academics/college-arts-sciences/departm...
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenoestrogen
       | 
       | I think low level chemical exposure to many of these chemicals is
       | largely to blame.
        
       | kulig wrote:
       | Chronic sleep deprivation?
        
       | tolbish wrote:
       | More information on the effects of phytoestrogen (e.g. soy) from
       | a study here:
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074428/
        
         | second--shift wrote:
         | straight from the quoted article:
         | 
         | > For a typical consumer, alarm over soy products is likely
         | unnecessary
        
       | MAGZine wrote:
       | I can't help but wonder if this has to do with an increasing
       | pessimism in the future and higher rates of mental illness.
        
       | vixen99 wrote:
       | It is also clear that sperm counts have declined very
       | significantly in the past decades. Some estimates put it at
       | nearly 60% in Western men. But similar reports can be found for
       | China https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67707-x.pdf and
       | Africa. http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?hs17052
        
       | richardARPANET wrote:
       | This explains a lot.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | inglor_cz wrote:
       | This seems to be a global phenomenon.
       | 
       | https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-020-0...
       | 
       | Possible toxicity of something that we deem safe could be an
       | explanation.
       | 
       | A side comment. I am 42. When I was younger, in the late 90s,
       | getting into physical fight was much more common than today.
       | These days even drunk young guys seem to be content with hurling
       | a few insults. (For record, I am a peaceful person and the
       | possibility of getting beaten up for no good reason was something
       | I definitely did not look forward to during my old pub crawls.)
       | 
       | I wonder if this is actually a manifestation of population-wide
       | testosterone drop.
        
         | fred_is_fred wrote:
         | Violent crime in the US has been dropping for some time now.
         | Reduction of environmental lead (gas and paint) is one of the
         | factors as well. https://www.medicaldaily.com/leaded-gasoline-
         | linked-rise-and...
         | 
         | Also I would guess that at 42 you are much less likely to be in
         | a situation where a physical fight might start than you were in
         | the 1990s - at bars at 2am for example. I know that I am.
        
           | mrec wrote:
           | Yes, this would be my first suspicion too, especially for a
           | comparison with the 1990s.
           | 
           | > _For instance, the peak in leaded gasoline use in the late
           | 1970 's corresponds to a peak in aggravated assault rates in
           | the late 1990's in urban areas across the United States._
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning#Violence
        
             | flukus wrote:
             | I wonder if this could be the causal link between the two
             | that has always been missing, lead -> higher testosterone
             | -> more violence.
        
         | throwaway2245 wrote:
         | > Possible toxicity of something
         | 
         | This assumes (it seems to be universally assumed in this
         | thread) that the earlier average level of testosterone -
         | meaning the year 1999 - is more optimal, which doesn't seem
         | evident to me.
         | 
         | Why not, equally: a toxin has possibly been removed?
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | If you look at photos from the 90s and from the last couple
           | of years people were very obviously much healthier in the
           | 90s. Maybe it wasn't optimal, but without further evidence
           | I'm going to believe it is closer to optimal than where we
           | are now.
        
             | throwaway2245 wrote:
             | Even if I agree, you're citing this as a measure of
             | general/overall health, so testosterone levels are not
             | specifically implicated.
             | 
             | High testosterone levels in men are linked to much higher
             | heart problems, a major cause of early death.
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | Back in the 90s we didn't all have phones in our pockets
             | with high quality cameras. If someone got out a camera, it
             | was a special occasion where people probably looked nice to
             | begin with. On top of that, the pictures you see from the
             | 90s are the pictures people have kept for 20 years - again
             | creating a bias for situations where people looked nicer
             | than they were day to day.
             | 
             | If you exclusively look at pictures from the 90s of people
             | doing mundane things like shopping at a grocery store, they
             | don't look any different from people today (except perhaps
             | with worse fashion sense).
        
         | f430 wrote:
         | > getting into physical fight was much more common than today
         | 
         | I distinctly remember the popularity of gang culture in North
         | American west coast cities. Everybody were forming gangs based
         | on ethnicity usually (but racial diversity isn't uncommon).
         | This was the era of gangster rap, Tupac, Biggie Smalls, Ice
         | Cube, DMX, Bone Thugs, Nas....all the classics...the lyrics are
         | simply HARD compared to today.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | All the rappers were talking about slinging drugs. Today'a
           | rappers are, or at least a huge chunk are, the people buying
           | the drugs.
        
           | burnthrow wrote:
           | Nobody tell this person about drill
        
         | dalbasal wrote:
         | I'm a similar age. Do school fights still happen? Circa 12-15
         | years old, these were a normal part of being a boy. There was
         | even a spot outside the school where boys waited for other boys
         | they wanted to fight. Several boys would be there on any given
         | day. There were enough fights that everyone knew where everyone
         | stood in the "rankings." Who you could beat and who you
         | couldn't... says a lot considering how fast kids grow at that
         | age.
         | 
         | I didn't go to a very violent school, and fights got rarer as
         | age made them more serious. My parents also treated it as
         | normal. They didn't encourage it, but it wasn't a major
         | outrage. Schools too. A note to parents or somesuch minor
         | penalty was the usual recourse.
        
           | rchaud wrote:
           | The Columbine happened in April 1999 and dominated the news
           | cycle for a long time. It likely had a big impact on a
           | generation of American kids. Kids that would otherwise have
           | proceeded straight to a fistfight may have had second
           | thoughts in case the person attacked showed up the next day
           | with a rifle.
           | 
           | As for later years, schools took a zero-tolerance policy, so
           | that would have cut down on it significantly. With social
           | media use increasing towards the end of the 2000s, fights
           | could have been reduced further because people did not want
           | to end up as a punchline (no pun intended) on Worldstar or
           | Vine.
        
           | divbzero wrote:
           | It probably depended on where you were. I attended grade
           | school in the US in the 1990s and got into only one "fight"
           | where punches were thrown. No teachers were around but there
           | would have been punishment had it been reported.
        
             | ssully wrote:
             | Similar age group as you and also in the US. I can recall a
             | single fight in school, and I honestly don't think any real
             | punches thrown; it was more of a stand off with light
             | hitting that died down quicker than it started.
        
           | simplyaccont wrote:
           | Grew up in USSR and Israel. Nothing even close to it.
        
             | dalbasal wrote:
             | this was in raanana, early 90s.
        
               | simplyaccont wrote:
               | netanya, 93-97 in worst high school of the city. those
               | that were expelled from it, next stop was a cross between
               | school and juvie.
               | 
               | fights were few and between. those that i remember had
               | ethnic background.
        
           | powvans wrote:
           | Same age, grew up in the rural southern US and this was my
           | experience in middle and high school. Lots of fighting.
           | Everyone who wanted to "be somebody" was under pressure to
           | participate in it. Winning meant advancing in social rank. At
           | some point the school cracked down and the suspension for
           | fighting was 10 days. After that it was lots of meeting
           | people at such and such location after school or at some
           | party on Friday night to settle things.
           | 
           | Definitely tapered off the last couple years of high school,
           | but some of the rougher kids continued to engage it. Those
           | kids pretty quickly got into serious enough trouble that they
           | ended up in jail, expelled, on probation. That quieted things
           | down a good bit.
        
           | xxpor wrote:
           | I was in HS from 04-08. I can recall maybe one fight that
           | teachers would break up a year. The people who got in them
           | were not praised as tough guys, but idiots to be mocked.
        
           | sudosysgen wrote:
           | They still do happen indeed, but the penalty can be much
           | higher.
        
           | kart23 wrote:
           | I've seen kids get expelled for getting in fights, even off-
           | campus on their own time. That kind of stuff simply isn't
           | tolerated anymore.
        
           | dhruvkar wrote:
           | I'm 33 but grew up in a developing nation. This was common
           | starting at around age 8. The boys fought pretty much every
           | week. Exactly like you describe, there were rankings, within
           | the class and in the larger grade.
           | 
           | This was common for other people who I met later that from
           | developing nations. Not sure if this still happens anymore.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | Probably lead.
             | 
             | https://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2018/02/an-updated-
             | le...
        
           | surge wrote:
           | I think the problem is now, school fights are handled by
           | actual police, so there's very severe consequences, as in
           | criminal records, not just a suspension. So its likely no
           | tolerance policy removes these kids or ruins their lives.
        
             | the_only_law wrote:
             | Yeah, in the latter years of high school, I saw a number of
             | fights end in handcuffs.
        
           | meheleventyone wrote:
           | I'm a similar age and in comparison you went to an extremely
           | violent school particularly if adults were treating it as
           | normal!
           | 
           | I experienced way more violence in my late teens and early
           | twenties thanks to drinking in dodgy towns.
        
             | themaninthedark wrote:
             | Different culture, that is all.
             | 
             | If you read Mark Twain's Tom Sawyer and Huck Fin, boys
             | fighting, even if they just met seemed to be part of life.
             | 
             | > The summer evenings were long. It was not dark, yet.
             | Presently Tom checked his whistle. A stranger was before
             | him--a boy a shade larger than himself. A new-comer of any
             | age or either sex was an im-pressive curiosity in the poor
             | little shabby village of St. Petersburg. This boy was well
             | dressed, too--well dressed on a week-day. This was simply
             | astounding. His cap was a dainty thing, his close-buttoned
             | blue cloth roundabout was new and natty, and so were his
             | pantaloons. He had shoes on--and it was only Friday. He
             | even wore a necktie, a bright bit of ribbon. He had a
             | citified air about him that ate into Tom's vitals. The more
             | Tom stared at the splendid marvel, the higher he turned up
             | his nose at his finery and the shabbier and shabbier his
             | own outfit seemed to him to grow. Neither boy spoke. If one
             | moved, the other moved--but only sidewise, in a circle;
             | they kept face to face and eye to eye all the time. Finally
             | Tom said: "I can lick you!"
             | 
             | http://www.gutenberg.org/files/74/74-h/74-h.htm#c1
             | 
             | I'm not from that culture myself but I know people who are.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Fighting is one mechanism for establishing the social
               | order of a group. So in the absence of some way of
               | ranking people, people will eventually devolve to fist
               | fights to determine who is boss.
        
         | Bombthecat wrote:
         | My gut is saying : plastic.
        
         | underseacables wrote:
         | Pesticides in our food?
        
           | smk_ wrote:
           | Pesticides in our food are likely one of the reason as to why
           | we see a "pandemic-like" increase in Alzheimer's disease
           | among our old [1]. It is not too far-fetched to think this
           | could affect our young in various ways as well.
           | 
           | [1] http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_474CF2C8A20B417398848
           | 6AC... (relevant portion min 40-45)
        
         | HuShifang wrote:
         | I've read that fatty tissue in the body triggers an increase in
         | estrogen production, and that obesity can thus trigger a
         | vicious cycle (insofar as estrogen triggers an increase in
         | fatty tissue). Certainly, exposure to plastics and other
         | environmental factors might increase estrogen levels alone, but
         | given that we know that people (everywhere, I think) are fatter
         | than they used to be, and that this seems significantly due to
         | their being more sedentary and having worse diets (more
         | processed foods, etc.), isn't that a plausible simple
         | explanation? (Or at least one worth rigorously analyzing?)
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | > plausible simple explanation
           | 
           | Yes, and they address this in the study. They controlled for
           | BMI, among other confounding variables.
        
             | HuShifang wrote:
             | Yup, I should have read the article -- thanks
        
             | slothtrop wrote:
             | Their BMI range is wide
        
         | trianglem wrote:
         | Aren't Parabens and related plastics endocrine disrupters and
         | weak estrogen mimics? Could be one plausible explanation
        
           | thatcat wrote:
           | Yes, and microplastic has been found in pretty much all
           | animals including humans now. It's a massive problem that
           | will be incredibly difficult to clean up.
        
             | 1-6 wrote:
             | I believe Dupont's Teflon is also found everywhere in the
             | water supply around the globe.
        
         | jolmg wrote:
         | > I wonder if this is actually a manifestation of population-
         | wide testosterone drop.
         | 
         | Is it possible for the cause-and-effect to be backwards? A
         | change in socially acceptable behavior causing the testosterone
         | drop?
        
           | mumblemumble wrote:
           | That was my first thought. Inspired by hazy memories of some
           | 20 year old episode of This American Life talking about
           | (IIRC, which I probably don't) men's blood testosterone
           | levels rising when they engage in aggressive behavior or take
           | part in competitive activities.
        
             | EvanAnderson wrote:
             | The most likely episode is #220, "Testosterone":
             | https://www.thisamericanlife.org/220
        
           | wassenaar10 wrote:
           | > Is it possible for the cause-and-effect to be backwards? A
           | change in socially acceptable behavior causing the
           | testosterone drop?
           | 
           | How exactly do you propose that a change in socially
           | acceptable behavior in the span of about 40 years had a
           | tangible effect on hormone levels? It's not like someone can
           | say "oh getting into fistfights isn't cool anymore, better
           | reduce my testosterone levels". Maybe if we were talking
           | about a timespan an order of magnitude or two longer then
           | sexual selection (high testosterone and more violent men
           | being less favored as mates) could come into play, but again
           | for a time span of 40-50 years that's just not feasible.
           | Also, socially acceptable or not, violent and aggressive men
           | typically don't have problems finding sexual partners; Ted
           | Bundy, the notorious serial killer and rapist, was known to
           | receive many love-letters in prison, even after the details
           | of his crimes (exclusively against women and girls) were made
           | public and he was able to marry and conceive a child while
           | incarcerated.
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | Tons of factors influence hormone levels. There's nothing
             | strange about thinking widespread social patterns and
             | physical changes in the environment (diet, air pollution,
             | etc) could lead to widespread hormonal changes within a
             | population.
             | 
             | You seem to assume testosterone levels are only a function
             | of genetics, which they are not.
        
             | throwaway09223 wrote:
             | It sounds like you're assuming evolutionary pressure as a
             | mechanism of change, is that correct?
             | 
             | Have you considered that the body may produce different
             | hormone levels as a result of our mental state?
             | 
             | For example, when startled, the body produces a hormone
             | called adrenaline. We know with certainty that mental state
             | is responsible for certain types of hormone production.
             | 
             | I honestly do not know if there might be a link between
             | testosterone production specifically and mental state, but
             | I took this to be the question that the above poster was
             | asking.
        
               | nitrogen wrote:
               | I believe there was a study that found that sports fans'
               | testosterone levels were lower after their preferred team
               | lost.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | jdc wrote:
             | https://www.webmd.com/men/news/20150313/more-sex-better-
             | test...
        
             | jolmg wrote:
             | > It's not like someone can say "oh getting into fistfights
             | isn't cool anymore, better reduce my testosterone levels".
             | 
             | I was actually considering something like that. That if you
             | engage in more aggressive behavior regularly for a long
             | period of time, your testosterone levels might stay higher
             | on average than if you didn't.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Apparently exercise can increase testosterone, which
             | implies fistfights (especially frequent ones) would too;
             | however, this article also says obesity can reduce
             | testosterone, and I suspect that is a bigger factor:
             | 
             | https://www.webmd.com/men/features/exercise-and-
             | testosterone
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Lower testosterone probably causes fat gain too. It
               | wouldn't surprise me if we eventually find out that
               | something environmental is causing both of those
               | phenomena.
        
               | mobilejdral wrote:
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25982085/
               | 
               | Lower testosterone causes fat gain and fat gain causes
               | lower testosterone.
               | 
               | https://simondsmetabolics.com/2020/09/10/how-obesity-
               | affects...
               | 
               | > Scientists have established that excess fat increases
               | enzymes known as aromatases. These molecules convert
               | testosterone into estrogen. While estrogen is present in
               | males in very small amounts, increased amounts can alter
               | normal function. Having too much estrogen tricks the body
               | into thinking that you do not need more testosterone. The
               | danger lies in the vicious cycle that develops once the
               | high estrogen levels kick in.
               | 
               | Cheap, high calorie food and obesity...
        
           | yannyu wrote:
           | This is an interesting hypothesis. The silver fox
           | domestication experiment shows that selecting for behavioral
           | traits can result in significant changes to physical traits
           | as well: https://evolution-
           | outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.118...
        
             | taurath wrote:
             | Cultural psychology could have been changing too. Rates of
             | corporeal punishment going down resulting in less violent
             | behavior. Data in this study shows a 30 percentage point
             | drop in rates of spanking, and every study done on spanking
             | has shown it is at best neutral but commonly creates
             | negative outcomes
             | 
             | http://unh.edu/ccrc/pdf/CV358%20-%20Published%202019.pdf
        
               | nathanmcrae wrote:
               | I much prefer incorporeal punishment. When the ghost
               | tries to whack you, you just act like it hurts and you're
               | good
        
             | tylerjwilk00 wrote:
             | This only makes sense if your underlying assumption is that
             | the less violent are reproducing more offspring now. Your
             | reference study merely shows that the phenotypical traits
             | have a strong correlation with the behavior traits (in at
             | least foxes). This selection requires offspring but its
             | seems the parent is referencing a hormonal change due to
             | social behavior.
             | 
             | I agree with the premise, that social and environmental
             | norms can influence hormones, but the fox study is a
             | different phenomenon altogether.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | >This only makes sense if your underlying assumption is
               | that the less violent are reproducing more offspring now.
               | 
               | I wouldn't rule it out. After a generation of anti-
               | bullying and zero tolerance schools have gotten pretty
               | good at making sure anyone with even the slightest
               | violent tendencies is primed to be caught up in "the
               | system" by the time they're done and we've thrown the
               | "fuck the government I smoke what I want" crowd in
               | prison.
        
             | smogcutter wrote:
             | Key word there being "selecting", which makes this a pretty
             | implausible explanation for something we can observe over a
             | couple decades.
        
               | mcphage wrote:
               | Hormone production is something that the body controls.
               | It doesn't require multiple generations or genetic
               | selection.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | I don't get what you're saying, every phenotype is
               | something "that the body controls."
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | Unless production is controlled by the environment rather
               | than strictly genetic factors.
               | 
               | This wouldn't be a genetic argument then.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | So then totally irrelevant to the silver fox experiment.
        
           | surge wrote:
           | I don't think drunken bar fights was ever socially acceptable
           | anywhere but the lowest of social strata. I'd blame lifestyle
           | changes and BPA far before I thought exercising normal
           | "gentlemanly" restraint caused T to dip. Also, your theory
           | doesn't explain the anomaly of all the large muscular men who
           | you can tell by physical appearance have high T and who are
           | very kind and not aggressive. Bar fights have a lot more to
           | do with environmental factors that influence behavior, like
           | how they were raised, the same socioeconomic factors that
           | contribute to violent crime, etc.
        
             | jolmg wrote:
             | > doesn't explain the anomaly of all the large muscular men
             | who you can tell by physical appearance have high T and who
             | are very kind and not aggressive.
             | 
             | I don't know the numbers, but that would mean that high T
             | does not cause aggression, not that aggression does not
             | cause high T.
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | Bodybuilders think high estrogen levels cause roid rage.
               | Might be lies they tell themselves, might be a valid
               | observation.
               | 
               | On the other hand normal levels testosterone supposedly
               | saturate receptors. Big exception is muscles.
        
             | Delk wrote:
             | > Also, your theory doesn't explain the anomaly of all the
             | large muscular men who you can tell by physical appearance
             | have high T and who are very kind and not aggressive.
             | 
             | I don't think higher levels of testosterone have been
             | reliably linked to aggressive behaviour except in case of
             | anabolic steroid abuse. Those kind people might well have
             | high levels of testosterone.
        
             | cat199 wrote:
             | > I don't think drunken bar fights was ever socially
             | acceptable anywhere but the lowest of social strata.
             | 
             | Not how it fits in the discussion, but I'd put duelling in
             | the same category, and this was clearly acceptable among
             | elites when it was acceptable overall
        
               | irrational wrote:
               | Is it really similar? Duels would be scheduled in
               | advanced. There would be rules to be followed. I don't
               | think I ever read about a duel involving fisticuffs. I
               | suppose you could be saying that a duel is the posh
               | version of a drunken bar fight, but that's like saying
               | that a moderated debate is the posh version of a
               | profanity filled screaming match in a bar parking lot.
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | Plastic
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | kerblang wrote:
         | It's really harmful to go around pushing the uninformed
         | assertion that "testosterone == violence". This leads to people
         | lashing out at men in general, then further backlash from there
         | in the form of the "they're-coming-to-get-us" trumpian insanity
         | that is going on right now.
         | 
         | The whole phenomenon of "toxic masculinity" is not about
         | "masculinity makes you toxic" but about the ways we terrorize
         | young males and indoctrinate them with fear & violence at an
         | early age.
         | 
         | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strange-but-true-...
        
           | greggturkington wrote:
           | Testosterone arouses brain areas for aggression and muscle
           | development (in humans and other animals). Masculinity is a
           | different topic.
           | 
           | It doesn't "===" violence but if you're intentionally using
           | "==" for type coercion, it could be true.
        
             | orangesitebad wrote:
             | Interestingly, js usage steadily increased over the same
             | time period.
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | Testosterone is linked to violence, in that stronger people
           | tend to have higher testosterone levels and people with
           | higher testosterone levels tend to be more aggressive. I
           | think the whole idea of toxic masculinity is bullshit, but we
           | shouldn't ignore obvious correlations just because they upset
           | our ideas about how things should be.
        
             | belorn wrote:
             | I want to first mention that both violence and aggression
             | is defined in term of culture and as such is a difficult
             | subject for researcher to define in studies.
             | 
             | The link between aggression and testosterone in modern
             | studies is a complicated one. The theory that testosterone
             | levels can be used as a predictor for violence has been
             | extensively debunked. However violence is a predictor for
             | high testosterone, a finding mostly done on apes. The
             | prevailing theory, as far as I seen in modern research, is
             | the challenge hypothesis. If two males fight, the winner of
             | the two will have raised testosterone afterward. The winner
             | will also be more likely to be more vigorous defending
             | themselves if their new won status is challenged.
             | 
             | On a more subtle human experience, place people in a
             | economic game and inject some with testosterone. What ever
             | behavior that the game has in order to defend status will
             | be increased in those injected. If status is preserved by
             | giving money, those injected with testosterone become more
             | generous.
             | 
             | A similar study has been done on sport fans. When a team
             | wins a match, male fans of that team will have their
             | testosterone raised afterward. If there is a confrontation
             | between fans of the two different teams, it is more likely
             | that the winning side will react more aggressively.
             | 
             | Talking about toxic behavior, there is also a similar
             | finding for women. It is however a bit more complicated and
             | involve multiple hormones. The aggression is also more
             | complicated, harder to define, and is more context
             | sensitive.
        
             | eeZah7Ux wrote:
             | [citation needed]
             | 
             | There is plenty of scientific research on the topic.
             | "Testosterone == violence" is plain wrong. In some papers,
             | partial correlation was indicated.
             | 
             | The belief that testosterone is some sort of "manly warrior
             | hormone" is an example of cultural bias that has been
             | researched as well (see google scholar) and fits very well
             | the description of "toxic masculinity".
        
               | tachyonbeam wrote:
               | It looks like it's more complex than just testosterone,
               | but there is a link between testosterone and risk-
               | aversion: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/p
               | ii/S1570677X1...
               | 
               | There's a biological basis for men being less risk-averse
               | than women. If you think about cavemen days, as a woman,
               | if you are pregnant, or could be pregnant, going hunting,
               | making physical threats, or taking unnecessary risks will
               | reduce your chances of reproductive success. It's better
               | to be safe and conservative, because the life of your
               | children could be at stake.
               | 
               | As a male, in primitive times, it was the opposite.
               | Obviously it wouldn't be to your advantage to just pick
               | fights with everyone, but there is much more of a
               | competitive dynamic. The men who go out, hunt, and bring
               | the food, will have more success within their tribes. In
               | order to succeed as a caveman, you had to leave the camp
               | in a hunting party and risk getting killed.
               | 
               | AFAIK, based on studies on mitochondrial DNA, we have
               | 2-3x female ancestors as males. Meaning most males died
               | childless. This is obviously not a model for how we want
               | modern society to be, but I think it's healthy to
               | understand where we come form, and why males may have
               | more of a tendency for violence, or to get themselves
               | killed in motorcycle accidents. It's not just because of
               | socialization. There is a biological basis.
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | You didn't refute what I said at all. Testosterone levels
               | are linked to violent behavior. This is very clear in the
               | literature. Does it mean everyone with high testosterone
               | levels is violent? Obviously not. And violence is not
               | always a bad trait either. I don't believe in toxic
               | masculinity. Masculine and feminine traits have their
               | place and are obviously adaptive in different situations.
        
               | eeZah7Ux wrote:
               | > You didn't refute what I said at all.
               | 
               | And I don't intend to. The topic is big enough for a
               | degree and specialization in endocrinology.
               | 
               | I recommend to read the books from
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Sapolsky or at the
               | very least watch all his lectures on youtube.
               | 
               | > I don't believe in toxic masculinity. Masculine and
               | feminine traits have
               | 
               | You are confusing "toxic masculinity" with "masculinity
               | is toxic"
               | 
               | "toxic work culture" does not mean "work is toxic"
        
             | Baeocystin wrote:
             | Testosterone is also linked to a greater sense of fair
             | play, both as the recipient and the benefactor.
             | 
             | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/testosterones-
             | eff...
             | 
             | https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12191-hormones-
             | affect...
             | 
             | The concept of testosterone=aggression is damagingly
             | simplistic, and should not be held up as a good model.
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | Yes, I'm not in disagreement with this. I also don't
               | think aggression is a negative trait.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jbboehr wrote:
           | I don't mean to necessarily imply you are doing this, but I
           | suspect "toxic masculinity" is a motte-and-bailey[0].
           | 
           | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motte-and-bailey_fallacy
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | It's even possible, I imagine, that it's the reverse... Perhaps
         | testosterone production is increased by a toxin or stressor
         | that our ancestors were exposed to but we managed to minimize.
        
         | encoderer wrote:
         | This could also be explained by phasing out of lead-based
         | paints.
        
         | bondarchuk wrote:
         | What is the process for determining long-term safety of new
         | substances that might end up in the environment? Ah right, just
         | use them until problems show up, then try to deny and hide the
         | problems for a few more years. It would not surprise me at all
         | if even in the absence of a smoking gun there are simply a lot
         | of endocrine disruptors at low (even within safe limits,
         | individually) dosages working simultaneously.
        
         | rsync wrote:
         | "Possible toxicity of something that we deem safe could be an
         | explanation."
         | 
         | This is a needlessly complex explanation.
         | 
         | Very low physical activity rates are the likely cause.
         | 
         | A majority of men in the US are obese or overweight[1] and,
         | culturally, Americans barely even walk.
         | 
         | Testosterone levels are linked to physical activity.[2][3]
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States#P...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4706091/
         | 
         | [3] https://www.cpandr.co.uk/2018/08/22/the-impact-exercise-
         | has-...
        
           | Reason077 wrote:
           | Perhaps you missed the part where they controlled for _"
           | confounders--including year of study, age, race, BMI,
           | comorbidity status, alcohol and smoking use, and level of
           | physical activity"_
           | 
           | So, _after_ correcting for BMI, physical activity, etc, there
           | was still a very significant decline in testosterone between
           | 1999-2000 and 2015-2016.
        
             | rsync wrote:
             | I see that and I'm glad they included it, but ...
             | 
             | Was 1999-2000 that golden age when we all threshed the
             | fields by hand and steered the plows on foot ?
             | 
             | I remember people being quite sedentary and obese then and
             | I don't know that an activity comparison to 1999-2000 has
             | any utility ...
             | 
             | EDIT: OK, I am thinking about this backwards - if, as I
             | suggest, people were just as sedentary in the first period
             | as they are in the second, then the T drop begs a different
             | explanation. As you suggest, they also corrected for age.
             | 
             | So, perhaps, my instinct is wrong. I would still look very
             | closely at the (adjusted, corrected) physical activity
             | before drawing any other conclusions ...
        
               | haihaibye wrote:
               | 1999-2000 is a period in the past when they had
               | measurements.
               | 
               | I mean ideally they'd have huge numbers of testosterone
               | samples from all of human history, but what are they
               | going to do?
        
               | thejoeflow wrote:
               | it's a reference point? The article isn't comparing to
               | some platonic ideal of what men's testosterone levels
               | should be...it's just pointing out a statistically
               | significant decrease in those levels over a period of 20
               | years
        
             | alan-crowe wrote:
             | There is something double strange about the p values.For
             | the main effect, the broad based decline, p < 0.0001. But
             | for the result for men at "normal" weight, 18.5 < BMI <
             | 24.9, the p value is given as p< 0.05.
             | 
             | The first strangeness is that this _hints_ at a much weaker
             | effect. The second strangeness is reporting the p value
             | rather than the effect size. I clicked the link to a pdf at
             | the bottom of the article, but it is _not_ the paper.
             | _shrug_
        
             | cgh wrote:
             | Yeah, but a few paragraphs later, we have this:
             | 
             | "According to Lokeshwar, potential causes for these
             | declines could be increased obesity/BMI, assay variations,
             | diet/phytoestrogens, declined exercise and physical
             | activity, fat percentage, marijuana use, and environmental
             | toxins."
             | 
             | My personal, totally unsupported hypothesis: society is
             | simply kinder and gentler now. As evidenced by the high
             | testosterone in prison populations, this hormone responds
             | to environmental threats of potential violence.
        
           | sebmellen wrote:
           | This may be part of the explanation, but read this:
           | 
           | > _Lokeshwar noted that even men with a normal BMI
           | (18.5-24.9) had declining total testosterone levels (P < .05)
           | during the same time frames._
        
           | zetazzed wrote:
           | The first line in the article is: "The decline in total
           | testosterone was observed even among men with normal body
           | mass index." So obesity may be a factor, but it does not seem
           | to be the only factor.
        
           | eloff wrote:
           | They said this accounted for most of the effect.
           | 
           | But if you look at the study the effect persists after
           | controlling for both BMI and exercise. There must be more to
           | it.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | Stress is also linked to reduced testosterone.
           | 
           | Sexual behaviors can radically change testosterone as well.
        
           | offtop5 wrote:
           | I think America is one of the most obese countries on earth.
           | 
           | I completely blame the food. Even eating absolute junk in
           | Europe I noticed I lost 5 or 6 pounds over 2 weeks.
           | 
           | Here if I eat junk food for 3 days my weight jumps by 7
           | pounds. I am a bit dismayed with all the attempts to
           | normalize obesity in the US. I was morbidly obese up until I
           | got serious about my weight in my early 20s. You can read all
           | the dating books you want, but getting in shape is the only
           | thing that works. It's much easier to hop on Reddit and
           | complain though.
           | 
           | I'm very optimistic I'll be able to move to a healthier
           | country once I retire at 40 or so. Not exactly easy to stay
           | in shape when this country tries to pump us all full of corn
           | syrup
        
             | rsync wrote:
             | "I completely blame the food. Even eating absolute junk in
             | Europe I noticed I lost 5 or 6 pounds over 2 weeks."
             | 
             | I don't. Certainly it doesn't help and, of course,
             | Americans should eat much better than they do, but ...
             | 
             | I think the most important factor is that our built _and
             | cultural_ environment are constructed to make us obese.
             | 
             | If one does not live in a modern city center one barely
             | ever walks. Most Americans sit all day - at a desk or in a
             | car.
             | 
             | Further, many Americans are 1-2 generations removed from
             | "the farm" and are still heavily influenced by habits like
             | "three square meals per day" that made great sense on the
             | farm and make no sense at all in the city.
             | 
             |  _We 're bad at being urban_.
             | 
             | I contrast us with people I see who are _good at being
             | urban_. The old Chinese women in the park doing Tai Chi
             | every morning. The 70+ woman I saw running ( _running_!) to
             | get the bus in Zurich. The Spanish people I lived with who
             | sort-of ate one big meal every day at 14:00 ...
             | 
             | We'll get there ...
        
               | prawn wrote:
               | Were you travelling in Europe? I typically lose weight
               | while travelling because I'm walking more and have fewer
               | snacks around. This includes months in the US last year
               | where pace and timing of a lot of our driving meant we
               | ate fast food a bit. It was hot so we couldn't stash
               | chocolate/ice cream, we didn't have access to a fridge so
               | we didn't scoff leftovers, etc. We mostly lived out of a
               | cooler and cooked on fires. We walked around exploring
               | cities/towns where many residents would not have though.
               | The number of mobility scooters and the like is
               | incredible.
        
               | opportune wrote:
               | I agree that there is a big cultural factor here. I wish
               | people focused on this more. So many people want to look
               | at correlations like income:BMI that don't generalize to
               | other countries or cultures. Really what they expose are
               | cultural and societal idiosyncrasies, much more than they
               | expose that "cheap food is not healthy". Of course, that
               | is less appealing to an epidemiologist because the cause
               | and effect is less clear and has much greater
               | implications than recommending more exercise.
        
               | offtop5 wrote:
               | >We'll get there ...
               | 
               | You can also write an article for the Huffington Post
               | arguing it's impossible to ever lose weight.
               | 
               | I'm not calling for fat shamming, but you can't be both
               | obese and healthy. You can't really be obese ( over a
               | certain point anyway) and be happy. When I was over 300
               | pounds every day was an experience in pain.
               | 
               | But it's considered rude even for doctors to say you need
               | to lose weight. I was fortunate enough that an
               | alternative medicine provider told me to just lose
               | weight.
               | 
               | And that said, I'm even reluctant to make the argument
               | above since there's a lot of really angry people who will
               | try to misconcue it and call me a monster or something.
               | But I've been morbidly obese, and I'm in shape now (
               | still trying to lose that last 10 pounds ) .
               | 
               | Life is better now in every single way.
        
               | rchaud wrote:
               | > You can't really be obese ( over a certain point
               | anyway) and be happy. When I was over 300 pounds every
               | day was an experience in pain.
               | 
               | So if that's the case, why does it matter what the
               | Huffington Post says?
               | 
               | I'm not morbidly obese, so perhaps I've missed the pro-
               | obesity PR. A fashion magazine might give a cover to an
               | obese model once a year, but the other 11 months all seem
               | to have the same rail thin models that have dominated
               | since the '80s.
               | 
               | Same goes for TV and movies. Producers wouldn't hire a
               | fat guy to play Mark David Chapman, it'd be an easier
               | sell to get a fit actor and have him balloon up to that
               | desired weight.
               | 
               | The only obese poeople of renown in our society are older
               | politicians and the rich, i.e. people that do not care
               | about meeting society's beauty standards.
        
               | Delk wrote:
               | While it may be true that the American lifestyle is more
               | sedentary, I don't think obesity can be entirely or even
               | mostly explained by that. AFAIK diet generally affects
               | weight more than exercise does; if your diet is energy-
               | heavy, it's very difficult (without being an athlete) to
               | exercise enough to consume as much as your energy surplus
               | from the diet is.
               | 
               | I don't have any references or numbers to back that up,
               | but that's what I've understood from what I've read in
               | papers and heard from some people who apparently did the
               | math.
               | 
               | With that said, physical activity has lots of benefits
               | beyond just weight loss, and it would be worth it to make
               | one's lifestyle non-sedentary in any case.
        
               | X6S1x6Okd1st wrote:
               | It's really that baseline metabolic burn is pretty high,
               | you have to work a lot to double the number of calories
               | you burn, but it's easy to eat double your metabolic
               | needs
        
               | xnyan wrote:
               | >easy to eat double your metabolic needs
               | 
               | Or more! When I started losing weight, my target was 1600
               | kcals a day. I learned that I was eating 1600+ calories
               | __every single meal__, plus snacks. Pasta is the devil
               | y'all.
        
             | partiallypro wrote:
             | I was in Germany for some time, I thought I would lose
             | weight walking everywhere and eating differently; but I
             | actually didn't lose a single pound. I don't know if muscle
             | replaced fat, but I felt I looked the same and weighed the
             | same. I was truly baffled.
             | 
             | During the early pandemic, I stopped drinking for 3-4
             | months...and still didn't lose any weight. I honestly don't
             | understand the human body.
        
             | krisroadruck wrote:
             | "You can read all the dating books you want, but getting in
             | shape is the only thing that works."
             | 
             | I don't know my guy. I'm 39, weigh 280lbs at 5'9 but am
             | married to a smart and beautiful women a decade younger
             | than me and 150lbs lighter than me. It's not a sugar daddy
             | thing either, she makes more than I do. Not everyone is
             | shallow and a great sense of humor / shared interests /
             | good personality is more than enough for plenty of people.
             | That said, being fit certainly ups the odds in your favor.
        
               | fossuser wrote:
               | A large component is the dating market you're in.
               | 
               | If you're a man in DC, NYC, or some rural town you'll
               | have more luck.
               | 
               | Bay Area? Zero chance.
        
             | pstrateman wrote:
             | > I think America is one of the most obese countries on
             | earth.
             | 
             | Yes but not by a very wide margin. [1]
             | 
             | Average BMI in the US is 28.5, Saudi Arabia is the same,
             | Mexico is 28.1, New Zealand is 27.9, UK is 27.3, Canada is
             | 27.2.
             | 
             | My point is that the impression that the US is unreasonably
             | fat compared to the rest of the world is mostly just bias.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_body
             | _mass...
        
               | JimTheMan wrote:
               | I don't have any stats to back this up, but the
               | impression I got from the states is that the weight gain
               | is distributed unequally.
               | 
               | Some people seemed very very fat.
        
               | martinald wrote:
               | I think you are just pointing out very car reliant
               | countries. London has good public transit, but the rest
               | is extremely car dependant.
               | 
               | This shows IMO in obesity rates - they are significantly
               | lower in London than the rest of the UK.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | Not sure that the UK is that car reliant. I guess in
               | rural areas, but that's true in most countries. In
               | cities, not at all.
        
             | VRay wrote:
             | > You can read all the dating books you want, but getting
             | in shape is the only thing that works.
             | 
             | Counterpoint: I got in great shape in my early 20s, but
             | didn't have much luck with dating because I was still a
             | "Reddit niceguys"-style jerk
             | 
             | Later on I stopped being a jerk, and even though I
             | ballooned back to a very stately American weight I had way
             | better luck with dating. Including "attractive females" as
             | a young involuntarily-celibate gentleman might say
        
               | xnyan wrote:
               | Agree. Try to be a good person and be honest. Treat your
               | hygiene as important, clean up your home and maybe think
               | a little bit about some clothes that look nice on you.
               | That's all you need to do.
        
               | creamytaco wrote:
               | Assuming you're at least moderately physically
               | attractive. And even then, the quality of partners you
               | can attract in terms of looks is non-linearly decreasing
               | as your own physical attractiveness drops. OkCupid
               | studies have proven that women find 80% of men below
               | average looking.
               | 
               | If you don't happen to be at least average in terms of
               | looks, things are looking grim.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | I wonder how much is due to regulation about inner dosage.
             | I hear that mcdonalds recipees varies a lot between Europe
             | and USA, saying that USA have way more everything in it,
             | whereas in EU limits are imposed.
             | 
             | That or USA citizens really like to eat overly sweet and
             | fat stuff.
        
           | Wolfenstein98k wrote:
           | The study in OP controlled for age and weight.
        
         | subsubzero wrote:
         | I think its just a sedentary lifestyle with poor diet causing
         | much of this. Almost all well paying jobs require you to sit
         | motionless(well almost motionless - typing) in a chair 80% of
         | the working day, couple that with fast food and cheap processed
         | food everywhere, voila, you have a health crisis of obesity and
         | low testosterone.
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | It's too complex of a phenomenon to reduce to one, singular
           | explanation.
           | 
           | However, increasingly sedentary lifestyles are definitely
           | part of the problem. Jobs encourage people to sit motionless,
           | of course, but most of our leisure time has been replaced by
           | other motionless activities.
           | 
           | Global obesity rates have also been rising steadily while
           | testosterone levels have trended downward. Obesity is well
           | known to reduce testosterone levels.
           | 
           | There might be additional answers in environmental
           | toxicities, but it's a mistake to ignore the elephant in the
           | room: Lifestyle is a problem.
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | Cameras everywhere make for easy criminal records so people
         | throw punches less these days.
        
           | 1-6 wrote:
           | Yup, why go around and publicly make a fool of yourself when
           | you can do that anonymously online?
        
         | rriepe wrote:
         | > Possible toxicity of something that we deem safe could be an
         | explanation.
         | 
         | It's porn. Porn has proliferated right alongside this trend.
        
           | castlecrasher2 wrote:
           | I doubt this is the only factor, but I imagine it
           | contributes. I suspect it's more due to sedentary lifestyles
           | and high-carb/sugar/fat diet.
        
           | RickS wrote:
           | This is an interesting hypothesis, and data probably exists
           | for it, right?
           | 
           | For this to be the case, we'd expect to see a spike in the
           | frequency of masturbation that corresponds with the drop in
           | T.
           | 
           | General sexuality like this tends to be pretty well studied,
           | and I'd expect that if such a correlation existed, it'd have
           | been noticed and called out. But it would be good to see some
           | data. I've got no idea where to find such a thing.
        
         | smk_ wrote:
         | Recent studies has shown that exposure to flouride (which is
         | found in toothpaste), is correlated with lower IQ scores. That
         | might be a contributing factor.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s...
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | That's just a reflection of demographics vs municipal water
           | availability.
        
             | smk_ wrote:
             | Yes, that is a possibility. There is also this fairly
             | extensive meta-analysis over a period of 20 years, that
             | finds a "consistent and strong association between the
             | exposure to fluoride and low IQ". [1]
             | 
             | There is, in other words, an undeniable correlation. The
             | more interesting question is -- are there any safe levels
             | of exposure, and what are the effects over time?
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-008-8204-x
        
           | Panoramix wrote:
           | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/water-fluoridation-
           | reduces...
           | 
           | That rumor is false
        
             | sergiotapia wrote:
             | snopes.com
        
               | c0nducktr wrote:
               | Yes, and?
        
           | voldacar wrote:
           | hasn't this been known or at least suspected since the
           | 90s/00s? I recall seeing similar studies from that period
        
           | agentdrtran wrote:
           | "Due to the different study populations and areas, the
           | conclusion that excessive fluoride causes loss of children's
           | IQ still lacks strong evidence."
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | whalesalad wrote:
         | I remember in 4 Hour Body Tim Ferris experimented with no
         | longer storing his phone in his pocket (used an arm band
         | instead) and it boosted his sperm count by a ton.
        
         | Gibbon1 wrote:
         | Probably a) changing culture. b) young men today don't have
         | brain damage from lead exposure.
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | > getting into physical fight was much more common than today.
         | 
         | You also largely got away with it back then too.
         | 
         | When I was in school, so long as you didn't hurt the other
         | person too badly, the punishment for fighting was generally
         | getting thrown into a room with all the other bad kids and
         | forced to sit in silence for the entire school day. If you did
         | it too much, they'd eventually expel you, but I only remember
         | this happening to a few people.
         | 
         | Today, I'm pretty sure you end up getting your ass beat by the
         | cops before getting thrown into juvie.
        
         | 1-6 wrote:
         | Contrary to popular belief, testosterone doesn't cause males to
         | rage and become violent.
        
         | runjake wrote:
         | Conversely, I regularly test as testosterone deficient but I've
         | got some muscle (under a dad bod) and would describe myself as
         | pretty aggressive (but try and remain peaceful and burn
         | aggression in BJJ.)
         | 
         | I am wondering if our current understanding of testosterone
         | traits is wrong, or perhaps my understanding is wrong?
         | 
         | Edit: I'm a little older than you.
        
           | mewpmewp2 wrote:
           | Presumably there are other factors, but I'm pretty sure
           | testosterone correlates with aggressive traits, sex drive and
           | other similar aspects, most definitely.
           | 
           | You can have muscle if you have low testosterone, but it will
           | develop slower compared to if you had higher testosterone.
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | T levels also depend on where one grows up rather than where
         | they end up living: https://www.everydayhealth.com/mens-
         | health/where-men-spend-t...
         | 
         |  _Does this research provide any insight into why testosterone
         | levels have been in steady decline in the United States for
         | several decades? If a safer, less-challenging environment leads
         | to higher testosterone levels, wouldn't levels be rising
         | instead of falling?_
         | 
         |  _Magid points to trends toward higher rates of obesity and
         | lower rates of smoking that at least partially explain lower
         | levels of testosterone. "There are a number of theories why
         | this might be occurring, and there are those who dispute
         | whether this is either a real trend or what it could mean for
         | male health in the long term," he says._
        
         | eeZah7Ux wrote:
         | > When I was younger, in the late 90s, getting into physical
         | fight was much more common than today
         | 
         | Testosterone is not simply and directly causing aggressiveness.
         | 
         | A lot of research shows that human behaviors are way more
         | complex than that, and sometimes absolutely counterintuitive.
         | 
         | We are not baboons.
        
         | throwaway5752 wrote:
         | Seems like global warming and higher atmospheric CO2 levels
         | correlates well with the timeframes.
        
           | mumblemumble wrote:
           | Also a strong inverse correlation with pirates.
        
             | bencollier49 wrote:
             | Been yachting in the Arabian Sea recently?
        
               | mumblemumble wrote:
               | It was a reference to the Church of the Flying Spaghetti
               | Monster.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster#Pi
               | rat...
               | 
               | Note that the model does take the Arabian Sea into
               | account.
        
               | bencollier49 wrote:
               | I know! And I was referring to the flying spaghetti
               | monster's original liturgy being inaccurate!
               | 
               | https://www.spaghettimonster.org/about/open-letter/
        
         | Florin_Andrei wrote:
         | Isn't it just the more sedentary life, the safer environment?
        
       | stonecraftwolf wrote:
       | If due to environmental toxins (say, hormonally active "forever
       | chemicals," plastics, etc), my guess is you'd see the deleterious
       | effects first in women. Women also make (and need) testosterone,
       | just at much lower levels than men, so they have much less to
       | lose. There's research going back 30 years on the efficacy of low
       | dose TRT in women to treat all kinds of things that tend to hit
       | women in their late thirties on (when natural testosterone has
       | been declining for 15-20 years); I'm on mobile now, but what I
       | recall most from a review paper was the efficacy in treating
       | fibromyalgia pain. The lack of continued research on this seems
       | to be almost entirely due to social pressure. (People lose their
       | minds when you talk about women and testosterone, or men and
       | estrogen.)
       | 
       | It's hard not to wonder if environmental toxins affecting the
       | testosterone levels of men are also contributing to the rise of
       | health issues in women, especially autoimmune conditions,
       | fibromyalgia/CFS, obesity, depression, etc.
       | 
       | In other words, women might be the canaries in the coal mine for
       | systemic problems arising from environmental endocrine
       | disruptors.
        
         | Damorian wrote:
         | Related, girls (women?) are starting their periods about 5
         | years sooner compared to 100 years ago:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menarche#Changes_in_time_of_av...
        
           | perardi wrote:
           | Per Wikipedia, and other sources I've read, it seems heavily
           | correlated with BMI.
           | 
           | Which...makes a naive sort of evolutionary sense. You need
           | some percentage of body fat for your body to kick into
           | reproduction mode.
        
           | joncrane wrote:
           | This has to do more with better nutrition and comfort than
           | anything else.
           | 
           | While it's true that estrogen-like compounds may also have an
           | effect, it takes calories to ovulate and to menstruate.
        
       | thehappypm wrote:
       | Yet another symptom of the obesity epidemic.
        
         | thatguy0900 wrote:
         | That's not all of it. "Lokeshwar noted that even men with a
         | normal BMI (18.5-24.9) had declining total testosterone levels
         | (P < .05) during the same time frames." lack of hard physical
         | labor in general, or modern diets just being filled with
         | hormones?
        
           | likpok wrote:
           | The "real" measure of how fat you are is body-fat percentage,
           | which can vary at a given BMI level. It's not hard to imagine
           | that people have gotten fatter at the same BMI level, as well
           | as people being at the higher end of the "normal" range.
        
           | rychco wrote:
           | Lack of hard physical labor, combined with increasing average
           | caloric intake may contribute to lower average muscle mass &
           | total testosterone while still maintaining a "normal" BMI. I
           | don't have evidence to support this, but this is my guess for
           | falling testosterone within the "normal" BMI range over time
           | (in addition to the effect of environmental pollutants on
           | hormones).
        
           | nabergh wrote:
           | Isn't it a fair question to ask though whether the average
           | BMI of those with a "normal BMI" (18.5-24.9) changed during
           | the time frames of interest? And if it did, couldn't that
           | still be a cause?
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | It's not the only cause but, from my experience, it's a big
         | one, no pun intended.
         | 
         | I might have made different diet choices as a young man if I
         | knew that body fat aromatizes testosterone into estrogen. This
         | is the primary cause for most cases of gynecomastia, which is
         | why it's rare to see a man with breasts who isn't also
         | overweight to some extent. Obesity is effectively feminizing a
         | large portion of men and lowering their sexual market value.
         | Overall, I think obesity is making people less attracted to
         | each other, which can partially explain the decline in the rate
         | of reproduction.
        
           | fortran77 wrote:
           | In my opinion, it's the biggest problem facing us. Even this
           | COVID pandemic would have been much less expensive without an
           | obese population, because our hospital capacity may not have
           | been pushed to its limits. CDC says being obese triples the
           | likelihood a person would need hospitalization:
           | 
           | https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/obesity-and-covid-19.html
           | 
           | I don't see a solution. We're not going to be able to use the
           | same techniques used to get people not to smoke to address
           | the obesity problem.
        
           | Coding_Cat wrote:
           | > which is why it's rare to see a man with breasts who isn't
           | also overweight to some extent.
           | 
           | While (assumedly) true, I feel the need to note that the
           | reverse does not hold generally: 'man boobs' are purely fat
           | in nearly all cases and will go away when someone loses
           | weight.
           | 
           | Gynecomastia is breast tissue and does not go away if you
           | lose weight.
        
         | netizen-9748 wrote:
         | My money is on the ubiquitous endocrine disruptors that have
         | polluted our ecosystem
        
           | mamon wrote:
           | Yeah, all that soy lattes start to add up :)
        
             | netizen-9748 wrote:
             | Oh, I didn't realise soy was a pollutant. Interesting.
        
             | WalterSear wrote:
             | That's a myth from the 80s.
        
       | anovikov wrote:
       | It may be just simply due to overall degradation of mankind due
       | to lower child mortality. It doesn't come for free after all.
        
       | kaesar14 wrote:
       | Chalking this up to declining physical activity amongst young
       | U.S. men.
        
         | nomoreusernames wrote:
         | it mentions that they controlled for that.
        
           | cellis wrote:
           | how did they control for that?
        
             | ausbah wrote:
             | by adding it as a feature into whatever model they created
             | likely
        
         | srmatto wrote:
         | They said that they controlled for that in the study.
        
       | sergiotapia wrote:
       | Don't let this be you or your sons. Be an example.
       | 
       | 1. Lift
       | 
       | 2. Eat right
       | 
       | 3. Hydrate
       | 
       | 4. No porn
       | 
       | 5. Do masculine things - something involving your strength and
       | hands
        
         | gnulinux wrote:
         | Do we have any evidence this would make a difference to
         | testosterone levels?
        
           | throwaway93832 wrote:
           | weights definitely does acutely .
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoP6NCGb3oM
        
           | sergiotapia wrote:
           | We have evidence squats increase test
        
       | mullingitover wrote:
       | I would wager that over the past four decades there's a pretty
       | tight correlation between sugar consumption, obesity, and reduced
       | testosterone.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Toxins in plastic lower testosterone.
       | 
       | https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.nextavenue.org/how-chemical...
        
       | glitchc wrote:
       | One contributing factor is human beings self-selecting for
       | passivity. We lock violent people away, and that dramatically
       | reduces their chances of procreation. Over time, the population
       | is likely to become more passive.
       | 
       | Also, comfort. Life in North America, even for the poor, is more
       | comfortable than life elsewhere on the planet.
       | 
       | Finally, the average human in modern societies is far more
       | cerebral now, because society requires complex interactions to
       | get even simple things done. Thinking about the number of steps
       | required to obtain temporary shelter now (book a hotel or AirBnB)
       | vs 10000 years in the past.
       | 
       | Just speculation in all cases, no hard data to back any of it up.
        
         | zeku wrote:
         | If it's not happening in Europe then both of your points are
         | destroyed, just a thought. Very comfortable place to be, most
         | of Europe.
        
         | patentatt wrote:
         | The study is focused on the last couple of decades, doesn't it
         | seem unlikely any evolutionary selective pressures are a cause
         | in such a short and recent time span?
        
       | thatguy0900 wrote:
       | I wonder if hormones will ever become widely available for
       | personal use, or if we will just accept a changing hormonal
       | landscape for men and woman. I doubt any of the underlying causes
       | of "obesity/BMI, assay variations, diet/phytoestrogens, declined
       | exercise and physical activity, fat percentage, marijuana use,
       | and environmental toxins." will actually be fixed
        
         | Karawebnetwork wrote:
         | As a transgender person, I also feel that this practice will be
         | (or at least should be) common in the future.
         | 
         | My estrogen levels were too low for a while and this caused me
         | all kinds of side effects. My endocrinologist simply increased
         | my dose. Then we noticed that my testosterone levels were too
         | low, so we reduced the dose and got rid of the testosterone
         | blockers.
         | 
         | After a while we noticed that my levels fluctuated too much
         | during the day. So we switched from pills to injections (which
         | create curves that last a week instead of 24 hours).
         | 
         | This solved my brain fog problems, made it easier for me to
         | fall asleep at night, brought me back to the energy levels I
         | had in my early twenties, etc.
         | 
         | It made me realize how dependent we are on stable hormone
         | levels. I think many people would benefit from hormone therapy
         | or at least annual lab checks.
        
           | perardi wrote:
           | Cisgender male here, but, uh, let's say _enhanced_ with a
           | little more testosterone.
           | 
           | Tanking your estrogen levels, or having them too high,
           | suuuuuuucks. And the surprise to me was having estrogen come
           | in _too low_ from taking too much aromatase inhibitors. The
           | mood, skin, and libido changes are awful.
        
             | castlecrasher2 wrote:
             | >Tanking your estrogen levels, or having them too high,
             | suuuuuuucks.
             | 
             | Out of curiosity, what does it feel like?
        
               | perardi wrote:
               | * Certain things were not as rigid as I'd like
               | 
               | * Really dry skin
               | 
               | * Night sweats like you would not believe
               | 
               | * Urinating a lot
               | 
               | * Depression and fatigue
        
         | davio wrote:
         | There's a TRT place 5 minutes from my house. The google reviews
         | make it sound like people are getting the results they want.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | It's trivially easy to find a doctor willing to sell you
         | testosterone replacement therapy these days. There are plenty
         | of unscrupulous doctors who will find an excuse to do it,
         | although they usually require you to buy the testosterone
         | through their store.
         | 
         | It's a total racket.
         | 
         | Be warned: Going on TRT should be considered a one-way street.
         | Once you start adding exogenous testosterone to your system,
         | your body's natural production will decrease. It doesn't take
         | long for your body's natural production to virtual stop
         | completely, making you dependent on TRT for the rest of your
         | life.
         | 
         | There are hypothetically ways to try to counter this shutdown,
         | but it's far from guaranteed. Many people who start and then
         | stop TRT end up with lower levels than when they started, even
         | with the countermeasures in place.
         | 
         | No man should experiment with testosterone unless they're ready
         | to continue using it for the rest of their life. I know plenty
         | of people who thought they were getting a leg up in their 30s
         | by getting on TRT, who now regret having to constantly buy and
         | maintain TRT supplies and carry it around whenever they travel.
         | The initial euphoric effects of TRT will wane over time, too.
        
           | RickS wrote:
           | +1 for this warning. My scores are on the low end of average
           | (mid 400s). Not low enough to warrant corrective T therapy
           | (200s), but enough to wonder if the 600-700 range might mean
           | a big change in quality of life.
           | 
           | I was pretty adamant about giving it a shot, and consulted
           | with an endocrinologist who said the same thing ("it's not
           | low enough to introduce what would become a life sentence of
           | treatment"). After much stubborn research trying to find a
           | legitimate second opinion[1], I finally conceded that he was
           | right.
           | 
           | I'm all for biohacking, but the one-way/ratcheting nature of
           | T therapy specifically should make it an endeavor of last
           | resort.
           | 
           | [1] I say legitimate because you can effortlessly find
           | someone who will agree that you and everyone needs a T boost,
           | and will write you an Rx on the spot if you have the cash. An
           | it will work. It's not that it's a scam, or particularly
           | deadly. The benefits are just very overplayed compared to
           | their permanence, which is downplayed.
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | > The benefits are just very overplayed compared to their
             | permanence, which is downplayed.
             | 
             | The testosterone hype is out of control.
             | 
             | The scariest part is that many people are skipping straight
             | to TRT instead of trying to identify underlying causes of
             | low testosterone. For most people, simple lifestyle and
             | diet changes can make a dramatic difference.
             | 
             | Many people also overestimate the benefits of increased
             | testosterone. This is doubly challenging because sudden
             | testosterone increases can feel quite good for a short
             | while, but the effects will subside as your body acclimates
             | to the higher levels. When the initial effects wear off,
             | many patients start asking for higher doses or looking to
             | steroid cycles to augment the testosterone.
             | 
             | It's also important to note that testosterone isn't an
             | isolated hormone system within your body. TRT will alter a
             | number of related hormones with various effects that aren't
             | well-studied. Exogenous testosterone can't match your
             | body's natural cycles, either. A person might actually feel
             | better with a natural testosterone level of 400-500
             | (actually totally normal and quite common) than a TRT-
             | driven level of 600-700 due to these effects.
        
               | markus_zhang wrote:
               | But getting a shot is way less tedious than changing life
               | style.
        
               | RickS wrote:
               | > The scariest part is that many people are skipping
               | straight to TRT instead of trying to identify underlying
               | causes of low testosterone. For most people, simple
               | lifestyle and diet changes can make a dramatic
               | difference.
               | 
               | Yep. This was an admission I had to make to myself: it's
               | a bit ridiculous to gripe about low T while 50lbs
               | overweight, working a sedentary desk job, and subsisting
               | mostly on beer and snacks. There's a strong argument to
               | be made that my T wouldn't be so low if I had my shit
               | together.
        
         | throwboi-420 wrote:
         | > I wonder if hormones will ever become widely available for
         | personal use
         | 
         | By that you mean sex hormones. Melatonin and insulin are widely
         | used hormones e.g..
         | 
         | Depends where you live, but these days in the US it's quite
         | easy for kids to get sex hormones from doctors, related to
         | gender "reassignment." I'm not sure about doctors' tolerance
         | for becoming more-manly if you're already a man, though.
        
         | karmicthreat wrote:
         | It did not take much effort on my part to get on TRT with my
         | primary care physician. Less than 200 ng/dl free testosterone
         | and another test to make sure it wasn't a bigger issue. Once I
         | started within a couple month I was amazed at how much better I
         | felt than I ever had. Even my 20s. Like vitamin D people need
         | more than you would think and guidelines are too conservative.
         | I could have probably had fewer issue if they would have just
         | juiced me up with this in highschool. Rather than just let me
         | be chronically exhausted.
        
           | staticman2 wrote:
           | The guidelines say that people like yourself need more
           | testosterone... you got more and it works... so you've
           | concluded the guidelines are too conservative? That doesn't
           | follow.
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | Women already get to play with their hormones without a
         | prescription, but for some reason we make it really difficult
         | for men to safely adjust their hormone levels. There's a lot of
         | misconceptions about testosterone and how it can be used to
         | benefit lots of men. If you go into any doctor and they have
         | tour testosterone tested, they probably won't give you TRT
         | unless your T is below the low-bound of "normal", but being on
         | the low-bound means you're not at your optimal. There's also
         | lots of scare material about TRT out there for people who don't
         | want to body build; supposedly you're guaranteed to have
         | cardiovascular issues, shrunken testicles, 'roid rage, and so
         | forth. If you keep your T at its optimal level but not going
         | significantly past that, the chances of serious issues are
         | minimal.
         | 
         | TRT aside, young people need to get their vitamin D, get
         | exercise, eat little to no refined sugar, filter their water,
         | and be allowed to co-mingle; when males and females are
         | separated for long periods of time, testosterone decreases even
         | more.
        
           | The_rationalist wrote:
           | _when males and females are separated for long periods of
           | time, testosterone decreases even more._ Source?
           | 
           | BTW you're totally right and this misinformation and dumb
           | overregulation is criminal to men happiness
        
             | nxc18 wrote:
             | I'm skeptical re: point about keeping men and women
             | separated.
             | 
             | As a gay man does being around women increase or have no
             | effect on my testosterone levels?
             | 
             | For straight men, can it be any woman (your mom, your aunt,
             | your daughter, the unattractive neighbor)? Or is it about a
             | sexually-relevant female? Do they have to be attractive?
        
           | tsdlts wrote:
           | Even at replacement levels you'll shut down your natural
           | production and risk never being able to naturally produce
           | your own T. Needing to do intramuscular injections for the
           | rest of your entire life is usually not a consolation prize
           | people want to sign up for. Plus, in the U.S., should someone
           | lose their health insurance and not be able to afford
           | exogenous testosterone anymore they'd be in a pretty awful
           | situation.
           | 
           | Also you'll likely end up infertile.
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | Yes, the downsides of TRT are numerous, but rarely
             | discussed online.
             | 
             | It's not as simple as "experimenting" with TRT. Exogenous
             | testosterone will begin diminishing your natural
             | testosterone production immediately. In theory there are
             | ways to counteract this, but in practice it's not
             | guaranteed that someone can ever discontinue TRT once
             | they've started. Even those who rebound may not return to
             | their original, pre-TRT levels.
             | 
             | Testosterone is also interconnected with other hormone
             | systems, which will also be disrupted by TRT. For many, TRT
             | turns into a game of adjusting various medications up or
             | down to try to get back to how they felt pre-TRT.
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | > but for some reason we make it really difficult for men to
           | safely adjust their hormone levels
           | 
           | Because in men you can't.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | dqpb wrote:
           | What are the optimal testosterone levels?
        
             | perardi wrote:
             | I'm not sure about optimal, but normal depends on age. 600
             | ng/dL would be a reasonable average for a normal level.
             | 
             | https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-
             | catalog/Clinical+and+Int...
        
           | mrweasel wrote:
           | > Women already get to play with their hormones without a
           | prescription
           | 
           | I don't think that's true. Even birthcontrol requires a
           | prescription.
        
             | scohesc wrote:
             | In some places you can ask your pharmacist to write up a
             | prescription for birth control without even consulting your
             | doctor.
             | 
             | I know this because I live somewhere where this is the
             | case.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | andrekandre wrote:
           | > filter their water
           | 
           | what kind of filtering?
        
           | klmadfejno wrote:
           | I'd note that hormones for women in birth control often come
           | with some pretty heavy side effects that a lot of women
           | aren't effectively prepared for or warned of in the mental
           | health space.
           | 
           | Just adjusting one's hormone profile to hit some level you
           | have in mind is not as easy as you imply.
        
       | hristov wrote:
       | Pollutants in the environment have also been increasing. The
       | world seems about the same as it did in the 90's but the amount
       | of microplastics, herbicides and pesticides in our water and our
       | food has gone through the roof.
       | 
       | I wonder if we can scientifically show that lax environmental
       | laws and enforcement of said laws ensures that your son will
       | become a wimp, will that make all the fat head right wingers
       | start taking environmental protection seriously?
        
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