[HN Gopher] Sci-Hub Is Now on the 'Uncensorable Web'
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Sci-Hub Is Now on the 'Uncensorable Web'
        
       Author : rasengan
       Score  : 724 points
       Date   : 2021-01-12 14:27 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nasdaq.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nasdaq.com)
        
       | sumanthvepa wrote:
       | All very nice. But SciHub doesn't seem to resolve.
        
       | walrus01 wrote:
       | People have been trying to make alternative DNS name systems and
       | alternative root nameservers a thing for 20+ years now.
       | 
       | Has never caught on. On the other hand I 100% endorse sci-hub
       | having a presence as a tor service.
        
         | troquerre wrote:
         | Handshake has a number of mechanics built into it that I think
         | give it a stronger chance of succeeding than previous attempts.
         | It's similar to how there were numerous failed digital currency
         | attempts before Bitcoin figured out all the mechanics necessary
         | for success. Some of these mechanics are:
         | 
         | - There is no centralized party that owns Handshake. This
         | allows for any party to step in and contribute to the protocol.
         | We've already seen this play out in building Namebase (I'm the
         | CEO) as numerous unrelated parties have come together to
         | further Handshake adoption
         | 
         | - It's not just about opening up the TLD namespace. Handshake's
         | main technical goal is to improve the security and censorship-
         | resistance of DNS by shifting the root of trust from CAs to a
         | distributed ledger. My article on the technical improvements
         | Handshake can provide was previously discussed on HN [1]
         | 
         | - TLDs aren't sold for a set price. There's a vickrey auction
         | which awards the TLD to the highest bidder. This creates a
         | better distribution of names than selling at a set price or to
         | the first buyer
         | 
         | - The Handshake coin (HNS) provides an incentive for miners to
         | provide security to the network and for holders to support
         | ongoing adoption of the protocol, similar to how Bitcoin
         | holders have put in massive efforts to evangelize it (I
         | recognize that on HN people may find the Bitcoin evangelists
         | annoying but I believe Bitcoin wouldn't be where it is today
         | without them)
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20995969
        
           | walrus01 wrote:
           | > - TLDs aren't sold for a set price. There's a vickrey
           | auction which awards the TLD to the highest bidder. This
           | creates a better distribution of names than selling at a set
           | price or to the first buyer
           | 
           | for real money, USD or EUR or such? where does this money go?
           | or do you have to first mine some cryptocoin, or buy it with
           | real money, and it then goes to the entity 'namebase'?
           | 
           | scroll down here to the 'how it works':
           | https://www.namebase.io/
           | 
           | this quite honestly looks really sketchy to me. I'd much
           | rather take my chances with registering a domain name among
           | the myriad of ICANN root nameserver gTLDs and ccTLDs than buy
           | some weird, obscure cryptocoin, which can then be used to buy
           | 'domain names' that only 0.000001% of the client devices
           | presently operating on the planet can successfully resolve
           | into IPs.
           | 
           | https://learn.namebase.io/starting-from-zero/buy-hns
           | 
           | all of this just looks like somebody has grafted 'blockchain'
           | and 'crypto coins' onto the same alternative root DNS ideas
           | that failed twenty years ago:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_DNS_root
        
             | troquerre wrote:
             | Great question. All Handshake names are registered with HNS
             | through the auction process. Say you bid 1000 HNS on a name
             | and I bid 900 HNS. You'd win that name and pay 900 HNS (the
             | second highest bid price. Importantly, that fee doesn't go
             | to Namebase or any other entity -- the coins are burned on-
             | chain so they go to no one.
        
               | walrus01 wrote:
               | uhhh, so I'm looking on the website right now, and it
               | wants a scan of my passport or photo ID for the privilege
               | of buying a virtual cryptocoin, that can be used for
               | purchasing domain names almost nobody can currently
               | resolve, which vanishes into thin air after the purchase?
               | am I getting that right?
               | 
               | "Purchasing HNS with USD is currently limited to those
               | with a US passport or ID."
        
               | troquerre wrote:
               | Namebase is a service built on top of Handshake similar
               | to how Coinbase builds on top of Bitcoin. It's an
               | incorporated company that has to follow normal AML/KYC
               | laws like other onramps. You don't have to go through
               | Namebase to get HNS. Also, you can buy HNS with BTC
               | without KYCing on Namebase. You can't sell or transfer
               | the HNS without KYCing but you can still register names
               | and transfer the names to other wallets without providing
               | any passport info.
        
               | mcdevilkiller wrote:
               | Can you explain how that works?
        
           | sbierwagen wrote:
           | >There is no centralized party that owns Handshake.
           | 
           | Historically, blockchains haven't been terribly firm on the
           | "irreversibility" point. Ethereum reversed the DAO
           | transactions. The BTC rollbacks in 2010 and 2013. Etc etc.
           | 
           | In practice, whoever owns the client update server and
           | whoever has 51% of the hashing power can make arbitrary
           | changes to the chain. For most cryptocurrencies, a meeting of
           | these stakeholders could fit into a phone booth.
        
             | troquerre wrote:
             | You're right that Handshake can suffer from a 51% attack
             | like other proof-of-work chains. Importantly, the security
             | of DNS records on Handshake is strong even with the
             | possibility of a 51% attack.
             | 
             | 51% attacks on blockchains used as a store of value are bad
             | because an attacker can spend their coins (ie BTC) on an
             | exchange, withdraw their profits, then perform a 51% attack
             | on the previous block to take back their spent coins.
             | 
             | On Handshake, that same attack exists for HNS, but DNS
             | updates on chain take 36 blocks (about 6 hours worth of
             | transactions) to propagate, which is significantly more
             | expensive and unlikely than pulling off a normal 51% attack
             | on a single block (it gets exponentially more unlikely).
             | Furthermore this wouldn't even be an attack per se. An
             | attacker may be able to undo a DNS update, but they
             | wouldn't be able to falsify DNS records because only the
             | owner of the name who controls the private key would be
             | able to submit valid UPDATE transactioins.
        
         | Fnoord wrote:
         | .onion caught on.
         | 
         | Plus there's a myriad of questionable TLDs. In my world _these_
         | are  'alternative DNS'.
         | 
         | Also, something like DNSCrypt can work for clients regardless
         | of DNS root servers.
         | 
         | I get what you mean though, and in that regard you're right.
        
         | input_sh wrote:
         | IMO not enough "useful" content is not reachable via "normal"
         | DNS for anyone to care about the alternative DNS systems.
         | 
         | Sure, sites like TPB and Sci-Hub need to switch to a different
         | domain from time to time bringing some annoyance to their
         | users, but that's about it. Only if all domain registrars at
         | once started actively removing "shady" domains would an
         | alternative DNS ever come to spotlight.
        
           | a9h74j wrote:
           | Also, wouldn't those in audiences for sci-hub be motivated
           | enough to trade in direct IP addresses?
        
           | generalizations wrote:
           | Seems like sci-hub might be the tipping point for useful
           | content on alternative DNS.
        
           | dempseye wrote:
           | Not much useful content needs it. The intersection of
           | "universally criminal, such that it requires a censorship-
           | resistant DNS alternative" and "valuable enough that normal
           | people want to see it" is very very small.
        
             | twobitshifter wrote:
             | What about individuals living under a dictatorship or
             | within a regime that censors political speech? I could see
             | there being billions of people in the world that would
             | benefit from an internet that resists censorship.
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | Instead of having it persist as a service on a laughably slow
         | network, why can't we use this outrage to galvanize the public
         | to lobby for change of a broken system?
        
         | azernik wrote:
         | I am continually shocked that sci-hub still does not have a
         | working .onion address.
        
           | teekert wrote:
           | Hmm, this [0] used to work for me but doesn't load atm. What
           | happened to it? Wikipedia also mentions a or website (without
           | an address).
           | 
           | [0]: scihub22266oqcxt.onion
        
             | azernik wrote:
             | I don't know, hasn't worked for at least a year.
        
       | troquerre wrote:
       | CEO of Namebase here. We posted the original tweet announcing the
       | news[1]. If any of y'all have questions about how sci-hub.hns
       | works or how Handshake works in general I'll be online today to
       | chat!
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://twitter.com/NamebaseHQ/status/1348707701744922625?s=...
        
         | Paul-ish wrote:
         | Whats the easiest way to resolve handshake names locally
         | without a 3rd party gateway? Is there a FF extension I can use,
         | something that doesn't require a lot of configuration?
        
         | nickodell wrote:
         | How does your service differ from NameCoin?
        
           | Hizonner wrote:
           | It's more profiteering-oriented.
        
           | troquerre wrote:
           | Handshake has taken a lot of lessons from previous attempts
           | at alternative blockchain DNS roots like NameCoin. Here are
           | some ways its different:
           | 
           | - Handshake names are not *.bit domains like NameCoin they're
           | actually top-level domains. This is because Handshake's
           | purpose is not to decentralize domain names per se but too
           | decentralize the root zone and create a more secure root of
           | trust than Certificate Authorities [1]
           | 
           | - Handshake name auctions were spread out over the course of
           | the first year after launch to prevent early adopters from
           | hoarding all the good names. For instance, .crypto was
           | available in the first few weeks after launch but
           | .information isn't available until next week. This is
           | important because early adopters hoarding names prevents
           | latecomers from supporting the protocol.
           | 
           | - Handshake names are sold via vickrey auction instead of a
           | flat fee. Different names are more valuable than others. Flat
           | fee pricing allows a hoarder to arbitrage that fact by being
           | first whereas auction pricing ensures that names are better
           | distributed. .X sold for 311k HNS[2] (about $40k) whereas
           | other names sell for a few cents.
           | 
           | - Handshake has a light client[3] that can trustlessly verify
           | DNS records on-chain. This is critical because very few
           | people run full-nodes, so without a light client the majority
           | of users would rely on third parties which provides worse
           | security than users resolving names in a decentralized manner
           | 
           | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20995969 [2]
           | https://namebase.io/domains/x [3]
           | https://github.com/handshake-org/hnsd
        
             | Hizonner wrote:
             | They're not top-level domains until most people's clients
             | resolve them as such. They're off to the side in a niche
             | name space that most people don't know about, and to which
             | you have provided a brittle gateway that doesn't even
             | present them as top-level.
             | 
             | ... and they have a million other little niche name spaces
             | to compete with to reach the point of serving as "top-level
             | domains". I can create my own alternate name space, too,
             | and nobody will care about mine, either.
        
               | troquerre wrote:
               | They're top-level domains on an alternative root but that
               | doesn't make them not top-level domains.
        
       | LockAndLol wrote:
       | I fully expected a TOR or I2P address... do they have one?
        
       | pluc wrote:
       | > sci-hub.hns/ could not be resolved by HNS.to. Please try
       | another Handshake resolver..
       | 
       | Can't censor what you can't reach, checkmate.
        
         | rasengan wrote:
         | Resolves for me:
         | 
         | $ host sci-hub.hns
         | 
         | sci-hub.hns has address 186.2.163.57
        
           | pluc wrote:
           | Doesn't resolve for me on Cloudflare DNS:
           | 
           | $ host sci-hub.hns
           | 
           | Host sci-hub.hns not found: 3(NXDOMAIN)
           | 
           | And the web frontend is unable to render anything, echoing
           | that message I quoted above.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | rasengan wrote:
             | Cloudflare doesn't yet resolve handshake names, but
             | hopefully this changes soon.
             | 
             | Paging @jgc !
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | zoobab wrote:
           | Next step is to censor the IP address.
        
       | jrochkind1 wrote:
       | This article (really it's more of a press release from the
       | interested parties) seems to confuse the role of DNS from the
       | role of certificate authority, making it hard for me to
       | understand what they're talking about.
       | 
       | These days sometimes the same entities provide both SSL
       | certificates and DNS, but they are different services.
       | 
       | > Handshake is "is effectively a decentralized domain name
       | server," Roquerre said. Instead of using the web-standard
       | certificate authority to authenticate user connections to a
       | server, Handshake stores references to the IP address of the
       | websites registered in its system. Namebase is a platform that
       | offers users access to the Handshake network
       | 
       | That makes no sense at all. But it sounds like handshake is
       | simply an alternate DNS protocol? Or does it also serve as a
       | certificate authority somehow? Is it actually more decentralized
       | than DNS (which is already of course decentralized in one axis,
       | but not the relevant one for keeping a lookup available if the
       | entity hosting DNS decides to remove it).
       | 
       | Very confusing.
       | 
       | It seems like tor .onion address would be an actually mature
       | solution to this problem, instead of this thing that seems like
       | press release babble?
        
         | troquerre wrote:
         | The article has a few technical mistakes in it (I've found most
         | publications do that when it comes to a technical subject I'm
         | familiar with...), but in short Handshake is an alternative
         | decentralized DNS root hosted on a blockchain. It aims to
         | replace Certificate Authorities as the root of trust by pinning
         | TLSA keys directly on the blockchain instead of relying on
         | trusted parties for verfication.
        
           | jrochkind1 wrote:
           | So it aims to replace both DNS (a way of looking up IP
           | address for a hostname) as well as certificate authorities (a
           | way of knowing if the SSL cert being used by your connection
           | is 'good')?
           | 
           | Its an alternative DNS, with a method to use that alternative
           | DNS as a way of authorizing ssl certs too?
        
             | troquerre wrote:
             | That's right! Though the infrastructure for HTTPS without
             | CAs on Handshake is still nascent (the community welcomes
             | contributors if you're interested!). This article covers
             | how to set up HTTPS on Handshake using DANE
             | https://medium.com/@ca98am79/how-to-view-dane-tlsa-
             | websites-...
        
         | rhacker wrote:
         | decentralized in the sense of not under the control of one
         | organization.
        
         | buffrr wrote:
         | I think what they meant is that with decentralized DNS, it is
         | possible to replace certificate authorities by using DNSSEC +
         | DANE RFC6698[0], but I agree the way it's mentioned is
         | confusing.
         | 
         | [0] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6698
        
           | jrochkind1 wrote:
           | ok. obviously you can replace cert authorities with those
           | systems on present DNS too, it doesn't require a "(more)
           | decentralized DNS", right?
           | 
           | Replacing cert authorities with something DNS-based (or
           | alternative decentralized DNS based) doesn't actually seem
           | relevant to the problem they are highlighting, of sci-hub's
           | DNS records being removed by private or government actors
           | making it harder to find sci-hub... no?
        
             | buffrr wrote:
             | To answer your first question, with the present DNS, If you
             | use DANE, the trust is centralized since you have to trust
             | the root DNS keys and the registrar (imo still better than
             | trusting a large number of CAs. letsencrypt already relies
             | on DNS to issue certificates).
        
         | leephillips wrote:
         | I agree. I found the article pretty incoherent, and gave up
         | after a few paragraphs.
        
         | rasengan wrote:
         | > But it sounds like handshake is simply an alternate DNS
         | protocol?
         | 
         | Handshake [1] is the next generation of DNS, as opposed to the
         | ICANN controlled legacy system. It is more decentralized since
         | a single actor does not control the system. You cannot be de-
         | platformed without the consensus of the community and a fork,
         | as opposed to a decision made by a single or small group of
         | actors.
         | 
         | > Or does it also serve as a certificate authority somehow?
         | 
         | Since you can verify a certificate against a DANE TLSA record
         | which is retrievable from a DNS zone with DS records stored on
         | chain, the CA is no longer required for trust -- only
         | cryptography. Checkout the paper which goes into far more
         | detail [2]. The entire system actually incentivizes the
         | Internet to become more secure -- which is pretty exciting!
         | 
         | > Is it actually more decentralized than DNS
         | 
         | It's more decentralized than DNS in that the root becomes the
         | blockchain instead of ICANN. This project simply finishes the
         | beautiful DNS ecosystem, which was already decentralized, other
         | than the root.
         | 
         | Now we are all root, democratically.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3QbXMFjro0
         | 
         | [2] https://handshake.org/files/handshake.txt
        
         | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
         | This appears to be just another commercialisation of domain
         | names, trying to create another "Gold Rush" for the most sought
         | after "vanity" names. Winner-take-all. A few profit at the
         | expense of the many.
         | 
         | It perpetuates that problem of ICANN DNS becoming a "business"
         | instead of solving it. (ICANN DNS domain names were originally
         | free.) The potential for censorship is only one problem of
         | ICANN DNS.
         | 
         | Also, this project introduces a new problem of wasting energy
         | on mining tokens.
        
           | rasengan wrote:
           | > This appears to be just another commercialisation of domain
           | names, trying to create another "Gold Rush" for the most
           | sought after names. Winner-take-all. A few profit at the
           | expense of the many.
           | 
           | This is a major problem that the project has made a sincere
           | attempt to address. Through scarcity certain sybil
           | protections are afforded, which has been inherently
           | architected into the consensus protocol [1]. Additionally, an
           | airdrop to many internet pioneers and open source developers
           | was built in as well, giving everyone similar resources to
           | participate in the auction system which, in turn, affords
           | everyone more equality in participation. Finally, the top
           | 100k names as per alexa were pre-reserved for the holders in
           | the alexa list, and these sites are incentivized to properly
           | setup DNSSEC, as that's the only way they can claim their
           | name on handshake.
           | 
           | This is a win for internet security and internet users. It's
           | absolutely a big win for freedom of speech.
           | 
           | [1] https://handshake.org/files/handshake.txt
        
       | notorandit wrote:
       | ... untill they take down those "root servers".
       | 
       | There's alaways a way to kill an online system!
        
       | workOrNah wrote:
       | And just like that, free speech is back
        
       | yters wrote:
       | Not sure about sci hub, but these open archive like arxiv and
       | bioarxiv are still biased. I know one world renown scientist who
       | cannot submit his article to bioarxiv even though Nature has no
       | problem with his paper (but won't publish it either). The paper
       | points out a certain bacteria did not in fact evolve the ability
       | to consume the synthetic compound nylon, since the relevant
       | genetic material existed before nylon had been invented, which
       | can be easily demonstrated with a BLAST search.
        
       | aj7 wrote:
       | It's not pirated. The vast majority of this research has been
       | paid for by the public. Eykaban is a hero, and has liberated it.
       | Aaron Swartz died for this cause.
        
         | justmyname wrote:
         | One correction. Her surname is Elbakyan.
        
       | BrawnLongHaul wrote:
       | Thanks for sharing. I had heard of Handshake before but forgot
       | about it. After the events of the past few days by so-called "big
       | tech", I will be looking into this more seriously.
        
         | marvin wrote:
         | We're inching closer to realizing the "reductio ad absurdum" of
         | censorship.
         | 
         | Someone actually got censored, and took "well, if you don't
         | like how the DNS does things, you can just make your own!" as a
         | literal challenge.
         | 
         | Wonder if this will eventually lead to further fragmentation.
         | Hopefully encryption will keep it out of the lowest levels of
         | infrastructure, I'd hate to see separate fiber lines put down
         | to share controversial communications.
        
           | jquery wrote:
           | I wonder if the author of xkcd is ever going to apologize for
           | his comic on free speech.
        
             | bonoboTP wrote:
             | Why would he? I think he's even more convinced of it today.
             | "Free speech" is a pretty right-wing issue nowadays and
             | people assume it's a dog whistle for hate speech. If you
             | want to be a progressive leftist like Randall Munroe, you
             | can't advocate for free speech without hurting your
             | reputation in the current environment.
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | If this [1] is the xkcd strip we're talking about, and
               | don't see how Randall Munroe isn't advocating for free
               | speech, nor how it is a left vs right issue. He's simply
               | saying "free speech means the government cannot arrest
               | you for what you say", nothing more, nothing less. He
               | furthermore argues that the right to free speech doesn't
               | mean everyone else can't criticize you, have your
               | shows/books/whatever canceled, shout you down, etc. He
               | says "[free speech] doesn't shield you from criticism or
               | consequences".
               | 
               | Now, you may or may not agree with his position (I
               | certainly don't agree with some key aspects of it) but
               | Randall is explaining what free speech is, not arguing
               | for censorship.
               | 
               | The alt text is pretty thought provoking, too.
               | 
               | [1] https://xkcd.com/1357/
        
               | baggy_trough wrote:
               | You are confusing the 1st Amendment with 'free speech'.
               | Free speech is a value that is broadly applicable to
               | society, far larger in scope than prohibition from the
               | government.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | A comic response to the original comic:
               | https://sealedabstract.com/rants/re-xkcd-1357-free-
               | speech/in...
        
               | metabagel wrote:
               | I think this concept of freedom of speech is in
               | opposition to freedom of association.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | Society already makes inroads on freedom of association.
               | Businesses aren't allowed to turn away customers based on
               | race and so forth.
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | This is more like what I think, thanks for posting!
               | 
               | I was merely correcting the misconception that Randall
               | Munroe from xkcd doesn't advocate for free speech. I
               | didn't say I agreed 100% with the comic itself, though I
               | do find parts of it thought-provoking.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Free speech is a value that is broadly applicable to
               | society, far larger in scope than prohibition from the
               | government
               | 
               | The idea of free speech is the ideas should succed or
               | fail based on their ability to convince private actors
               | tomhold and relay them.
               | 
               | Compelling actors to relay speech they disapprove of,
               | unless those actors are the State or agents thereof,
               | generally violates that principal.
               | 
               | Free speech is not an entitlement to third-party
               | magnification of your speech, it is indeed the opposite:
               | the idea that such magnification must be earned by
               | convincing the party whose magnification is sought.
               | 
               | "People who disagree with me aren't relaying my speech or
               | speech I like" isn't a violation of free speech.
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | > _You are confusing the 1st Amendment with 'free
               | speech'_
               | 
               | I'm not Randall Munroe, how am _I_ confusing anything by
               | simply explaining he doesn 't claim to be against free
               | speech but rather is clarifying what he thinks free
               | speech is?
               | 
               | I'm ok if you disagree with him, but please don't make
               | claims about what _I_ think, when I didn 't say what I
               | think.
               | 
               | I was replying to a comment arguing that xkcd doesn't
               | support free speech because the author is leftist. I
               | showed the author does support what he believes is free
               | speech. That's all.
        
               | jsonne wrote:
               | I have no idea why you're being downvoted because you're
               | completely right. The petty legalism around the issue
               | does nothing to further the conversation. The 1st
               | amendment is about the US government censoring people. It
               | doesn't own the concept of free speech as a whole in the
               | same way the constitution doesn't own the idea of God
               | given rights, or democracy, or republic, or numerous
               | other concepts mentioned.
        
               | anonunivgrad wrote:
               | The petty legalism is just a technique for people to stop
               | thinking about their flagrant hypocrisy. As if the people
               | screaming "they're a private business, they can do what
               | they want" have ever entertained that as a serious
               | argument for any other issue.
        
               | jquery wrote:
               | I'm sure the CCP finds the alt text pretty thought
               | provoking, too.
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | I'm sorry, but "guilt by association" is not a compelling
               | argument. If the CCP agrees with something, this alone
               | doesn't make the something they agree with automatically
               | bad. Also see:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductio_ad_Hitlerum
        
               | jquery wrote:
               | They don't just agree with it, they explicitly use that
               | alt text to justify their oppression.
               | 
               | Also, I never made a "guilt by association" argument, you
               | inferred it. You just committed the fallacy fallacy. Also
               | see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_fallacy
        
               | morlockabove wrote:
               | Free speech isn't synonymous with the first amendment.
               | 
               | "Freedom of speech isn't freedom from consequences!" is
               | one of the most infuriating lines I've ever had the
               | displeasure to hear parroted. What else could it possibly
               | be, but the general idea of not being punished for saying
               | things? The only thing that matters to the principle of
               | freedom of speech is those consequences.
               | 
               | Who cares whether it's a government that decides that
               | when you express a certain opinion, you lose your job- or
               | twitter?
               | 
               | Funny, but not surprising, how even self-proclaimed
               | leftists will side with capital when it's treading on the
               | right people.
               | 
               | You might say "but you can't force people to
               | platform/associate with those they find odious!", to
               | which I reply 'of course you can'- there's laws against
               | unlimited free association, with the argument that bulk
               | group dynamics end up diminishing individual freedom on
               | net.
               | 
               | You might say opinions are a different category from e.g.
               | ethnicity, as they can be changed, while race can't.
               | 
               | In that case, in the future when we can change our bodies
               | in a day, will it be alright if 'race', no longer
               | existing as such, becomes as acceptably targetable as
               | speech?
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | > _Who cares whether it 's a government that decides that
               | when you express a certain opinion, you lose your job- or
               | twitter?_
               | 
               | I actually agree with you. I think the narrow definition
               | that "only the government has the ability to censor
               | speech" isn't useful, especially in an age where some
               | businesses, platforms and corporations have so much
               | power.
               | 
               | I was just correcting the perception that xkcd had a
               | comic "against" free speech (and because "he is a
               | leftist"). It's not against free speech. The author
               | clarifies what he thinks free speech is.
               | 
               | Some people apparently thought because I linked to a
               | comic to correct someone's claim about that comic, that
               | said comic represents my opinion. Puzzling.
        
               | a1369209993 wrote:
               | If one is against freedom from (in this case corporate)
               | censorship, one is against free speech. 'Explaining' that
               | free speech is not actually freedom from (one's
               | particular preferred form of) censorship is de facto a
               | attempt to excuse that particular form of censorship from
               | the general principles of free speech that would
               | otherwise condemn it, and is therefore in favor of
               | censorship and against freedom from censorship, aka free
               | speech.
        
             | ajkjk wrote:
             | It seems more correct than ever, no?
        
               | jquery wrote:
               | No.
               | 
               | It conflates the principle free speech with a narrow
               | legal reading of the first amendment. Whether on purpose,
               | or accident, I cannot say. The alt-text is also only
               | illuminating in the sense that the CCP might heartily
               | agree with it as well, as they see their crusade against
               | free speech as nothing more than maintaining the public
               | order and peace. In publishing the comic and leaving it
               | up, Munroe has done more to damage the principle of free
               | speech in the West than any opinion article I can think
               | of, because it chains together several fallacies in a
               | clever and funny way.
               | 
               | A comic response to xkcd -
               | https://sealedabstract.com/rants/re-xkcd-1357-free-
               | speech/in...
               | 
               | A legal rebuttal to anybody thinking AWS's actions were
               | legal (they were not, and hopefully a judge will agree
               | soon) - https://cdn.pacermonitor.com/pdfserver/SGS7Z4Y/13
               | 7165184/Par...
        
               | ajkjk wrote:
               | Hm, that fails to land as a criticism. Depends whether
               | you're talking about (a) "free speech, the legally-
               | protected institution" or (b) "free speech, your right to
               | be awful and not suffer consequences". The xkcd is saying
               | that people saying "but my free speech!" are defending
               | (b) by describing it as (a), which it's not. That's
               | basically true. Afaik the part xkcd definitely gets wrong
               | is the part about "can't arrest you for what you say",
               | which isn't really how it works (for instance
               | https://www.popehat.com/2016/06/11/hello-youve-been-
               | referred... discusses the case of how it enters into
               | civil suits).
               | 
               | Of course _philosophically_, yeah, the people who
               | included (a) in the constitution were interested in (b).
               | Everyone's on board with free speech as a concept here.
               | But at some point if someone is yelling Nazi stuff, I'm
               | gonna punch them for it. It's not a legal question at
               | all; my actions aren't governed by laws, just what I feel
               | is right to do. That is the same point xkcd was making. I
               | don't know enough to say whether AWS or whoever has the
               | same right because they are operating in a legal system.
               | But as a _person_, yeah, I can do whatever I want to you,
               | including 'show you the door', if you're awful.
        
               | jquery wrote:
               | > Everyone's on board with free speech as a concept here
               | 
               | No they aren't, including you. I don't trust your
               | judgement of who is a Nazi, and even if I did, I
               | especially don't trust everyone who hears you say that.
               | However, despite your endorsement of political violence
               | (terrorism) I don't believe that it would be right for
               | you to be deplatformed, especially if it's breach of
               | contract (like what AWS is doing). Nor would I want HN
               | taken offline despite them not moderating terrorist
               | comments such as yours.
               | 
               | Edit: you're confusing my clinical label of terrorism
               | with name calling. I am not calling names, except insofar
               | as I'm making a point about how easily it is to make
               | content seem unacceptable when we strip away context,
               | which is why due process is so necessary. We are all
               | terrorists to some group, however disfavored... if child
               | molestation was somehow legalized, anyone who attempted
               | it would face severe extra-legal consequences for
               | example.
        
               | ajkjk wrote:
               | I'm not asking you to trust my judgment of who's a nazi.
               | I get to decide who I think is a nazi and do what I want,
               | _as a person_, and so do you. Of course I will try to
               | convince you that I'm right, but if someone's being a
               | nazi and can't be convinced that they're saying nazi
               | stuff and they get banned from society, that's their
               | problem, not society's. They should have listened.
               | 
               | The point is that while free speech might be protected as
               | a legal concept, it's not protected as a personal
               | concept. I espouse free speech, until someone really
               | screws up and gets super evil, and then I don't want them
               | to talk anymore (especially not to rally people to their
               | evil causes). I'm not a government. And that's completely
               | consistent with wanting a government/overall society
               | which defends free speech.
               | 
               | (also, you're not doing your argument any favors by for
               | some reason calling me a terrorist. it's not even clear
               | why you're doing that)
        
             | samb1729 wrote:
             | Can you please elaborate on what about that comic warrants
             | an apology? I assume it is this comic[0] you are on about.
             | 
             | [0]: https://xkcd.com/1357/
        
           | metiscus wrote:
           | I am coming to support the notion that ISPs and Internet
           | Backbone providers should be treated as first class utilities
           | like electrical companies and not be able to deny access
           | except for things like non-payment. Otherwise we do run the
           | risk of a physically balkanized internet.
        
             | metiscus wrote:
             | Stupid question, is this the issue that was at the core of
             | net neutrality? I may have misunderstood the entire thing
             | if so.
        
               | woodrowbarlow wrote:
               | it's related. ISPs and telecom in the US do not invest
               | adequately in infrastructure, and the existing
               | infrastructure is overloaded. net neutrality was all
               | about how that infrastructure can be utilized; ISPs want
               | to profit off the scarcity by allowing big companies to
               | pay for priority so that their website would load faster
               | at the expense of everyone else (big companies want this
               | too, and they want it to be expensive, because that
               | increases barrier for entry in a competitive space where
               | they already have an upper hand), but the net neutrality
               | laws used to prevent this sort of bidding for priority.
               | 
               | some ISPs also wanted to sell "internet lite" packages
               | that are cheaper and only allow you to connect to a fixed
               | set of websites. presumably they would also take money
               | off the back end from those websites that want to be in
               | the list.
        
               | skynet-9000 wrote:
               | > some ISPs also wanted to sell "internet lite" packages
               | that are cheaper and only allow you to connect to a fixed
               | set of websites. presumably they would also take money
               | off the back end from those websites that want to be in
               | the list.
               | 
               | In the U.S.? I thought this was only in India with
               | Facebook's non-internet Internet.
        
               | woodrowbarlow wrote:
               | i'm not aware of any ISPs that have taken that step in
               | the US, but since the 2017 repeal it is now a legal
               | business strategy. it has happened in portugal (although
               | that's irrelevant to US law) -- customers get a base
               | package and need to pay extra for the "social media
               | package" (which unlocks twitter and facebook) or the
               | "streaming package" (which unlocks netflix, youtube,
               | etc.) (this is on top of the subscription fees you pay
               | for netflix, etc.).
        
               | skynet-9000 wrote:
               | This proves the point. It is legal, but no one even
               | offered such a package.
        
               | morlockabove wrote:
               | You think they don't want to implement it in the US?
        
               | skynet-9000 wrote:
               | If they wanted, they could have done so.
        
               | bitxbitxbitcoin wrote:
               | It's not a stupid question. In short, this is not the
               | issue that was at the core of net neutrality. Sci-hub's
               | repeated evictions from their rented, DNS-resolved
               | internet names were done by the centralized parties that
               | have technical control over the names, not ISPs or mobile
               | data providers.
        
             | clairity wrote:
             | not even non-payment. poor people are disproportionately
             | affected by non-payment cancellations. might be ok if it
             | were means-tested, like only allowing non-payment shut-offs
             | if the customer is above the mean income (even for small
             | businesses).
        
               | jawzz wrote:
               | "Poor people are disproportionately affected by not
               | having enough money to purchase things"
        
               | hrktb wrote:
               | In a number of countries there are legal provisions to
               | prevent cutting access to vital resources for non
               | payment.
               | 
               | E.g. in winter times booting out renters or cutting
               | heating/electricity is forbidden. Applying the same for
               | internet isn't far fetched anymore IMO.
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | that's a _reductio ad absurdum_ via tautology, but the
               | effects are wide-ranging and can include freezing
               | /overheating to death (for instance) from not having
               | adequate heating/cooling. that's inhumane and abhorrent,
               | especially in the richest nations of the world.
        
               | ndiscussion wrote:
               | While I agree with you, that's something the US elites
               | decided long ago they don't care about. Chilling, really.
        
           | eli wrote:
           | "alternative" DNS is hardly a new idea, it's just kinda hard
           | to get it to stick.
        
             | marvin wrote:
             | I'm almost certain that a sufficient requirement for making
             | it stick would be the existence of in-demand, legal/gray
             | area (and objectionable) web content that is excluded from
             | "legacy DNS", as the article's author poetically describes
             | it.
        
       | dmingod666 wrote:
       | Beyond those institutions that have a financial interest in this.
       | What would be the motivation for someone like twitter to ban
       | scihub?
        
         | BrawnLongHaul wrote:
         | We can only guess their motivations and who pulls their
         | (Twitter's) strings behind the scenes. I am not sure that most
         | of us here will ever find out.
        
           | llcoolv wrote:
           | And even if we do, we will never know for sure.
        
             | balozi wrote:
             | And even if we knew, we can never talk about it.
        
           | zerkten wrote:
           | > We can only guess their motivations
           | 
           | I don't understand this perspective, but I guess my own is
           | built from experience. We can never know exactly what Twitter
           | discussed internally before taking this action, but there is
           | lots of external evidence and signals as to what happened.
           | It's unlikely to be different from the action taken by most
           | other corporations with legal teams.
           | 
           | Small organizations with outside counsel can surprise us with
           | their decisions since there are more concentrated opinions
           | and higher risk taking. Perhaps GitHub and youtube-dl is the
           | only outcome that has surprised me recently.
        
         | zerkten wrote:
         | Liability and risk management. As soon as a lawyer becomes
         | aware of a situation where an individual is using the service
         | they are required to act to mitigate risk. There is no
         | obligation for anyone to have access to a private service and
         | they'll be weighing factors which include what 3rd parties
         | might do.
         | 
         | In this case it seems that they would have considered the
         | actions of the companies running the paywalls. How likely would
         | they be to take legal action (not all of which is public)
         | against Twitter? Fairly likely, if they feel that Twitter is
         | helping to publicize the service they want to take down.
         | 
         | This is both in the legal and financial interest of Twitter.
         | There is no real blow back from kicking off this person and
         | their service versus dealing with US corporations. Copyright
         | law changes and the impact of court decisions likely play a
         | factor too. I find it hard to believe that some court
         | somewhere, hasn't held Twitter (or similar service) liable for
         | indirect copyright damages (that is likely being appealed.)
        
         | troymc wrote:
         | Twitter says they did it "due to a violation of Twitter
         | policies, in particular the Counterfeiting Policy."
         | 
         | The precipitating event was a lawsuit in India and the
         | subsequent reactions.
         | 
         | This article gives more details:
         | https://reclaimthenet.org/twitter-bans-sci-hub/
        
         | acdha wrote:
         | Elsevier and Wiley have a lot of lawyers who are likely arguing
         | that leaving it up is condoning copyright infringement. There's
         | a long history of threats for anything related to targets of
         | these lawsuits, and other companies taking something offline
         | quickly to avoid being caught in the crossfire.
        
           | fjabre wrote:
           | Hopefully with Dems in control we will see these companies
           | punished for their bad behavior. Or at least laws passed that
           | make the publication of research more open.
           | 
           | The science should be funded and free. The applications of
           | the science are where the money is to be made.
           | 
           | These companies are unnecessary dinosaurs from a bygone era.
           | It's time for them to fail and die off naturally. But it will
           | probably take legislation to do so. And I for one can't wait
           | to see them gone.
        
             | chalst wrote:
             | Biden has been very comfy as a senator with the expansive
             | IP claims made by Hollywood. I think he is going to be
             | something of a disappointment to you.
        
               | fjabre wrote:
               | That's unfortunate. Good thing he's really old with not
               | much time left. Not that I wish him harm. He's certainly
               | better than a lot of alternatives.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | > These companies are unnecessary dinosaurs from a bygone
             | era.
             | 
             | Elsevier is a very diverse company with a lot of product
             | offerings that are not antiquated. People here tend to just
             | think of them as a journal publication company, but they
             | are much more than that. The company sells (through
             | subsidiaries) a lot of IT products to governments and law
             | enforcement around the world.
             | 
             | They, as a small example, offer a service that allow LEO to
             | perform comprehensive background & arrest record checks on
             | individuals in custody.
        
               | fjabre wrote:
               | Then Elsevier should be just fine when it loses this part
               | of its business.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | "That part of the business" is still a huge portfolio of
               | product offerings in-and-around the scientific publishing
               | space. If you cut one head of the hydra, another will
               | just grow back in its place.
               | 
               | The company came to be so dominant because their strategy
               | of vertical integration is effective and repeatable.
               | Identify a market of valuable information; build tools to
               | collect & collate that information; build tools for
               | searching through the information; build tools for adding
               | annotations or otherwise improving the value of the
               | information; build tools to enable people to provide
               | information directly through the platform.
               | 
               | They've basically repeated this pattern for science,
               | medicine, legal, and insurance industries. So much so
               | that it's really impossible to pry them out of a space
               | because they get so tightly integrated that they actually
               | become indistinguishable from the market.
               | 
               | I'm not favoring reed elsevier here, just pointing out
               | that their dominance is very well established and isn't
               | going to be easy to bring them down.
        
             | no-s wrote:
             | >>Hopefully with Dems in control we will see these
             | companies punished for their bad behavior. Or at least laws
             | passed that make the publication of research more open.
             | 
             | "Yeah, meet the new boss, same as the old boss..."
             | 
             | You write like someone who's never heard of "regulatory
             | capture."
        
               | fjabre wrote:
               | You write like someone who's a cynic.
        
               | no-s wrote:
               | >>You write like someone who's a cynic.
               | 
               | Guilty but history is on my side.
        
             | shakow wrote:
             | > Or at least laws passed that make the publication of
             | research more open.
             | 
             | Sci-hub was created under Obama, I don't remember neither
             | him nor the party making anything to help them, quite the
             | opposite actually: Elbakyan has been judged in absentia and
             | sentenced twice under his presidency. Were she to put the
             | foot on Western soil, she would pay it dearly thanks to
             | this.
        
               | fjabre wrote:
               | Obama failed in this regard. But Obama does not represent
               | all dems. Nor does Obama represent Dems in 2021.
        
             | freeone3000 wrote:
             | Democrats are politicians with listed policies, not faeries
             | that grant wishes because you happen to be more aligned
             | with them. Elimination of copyright isn't on their to-do
             | list.
        
               | fjabre wrote:
               | Who said anything about elimination of copyright? Who
               | said I was more aligned with 'them' ?
               | 
               | Most scientific research is funded with grants and by
               | universities with billion dollar endowments. They are not
               | struggling.
               | 
               | You should not make money on the deaths of others because
               | you think it's more important to charge for the knowledge
               | that can save them.
               | 
               | I'm in medical. Some of these papers are life saving.
               | Please don't discount how valuable that science is to
               | humanity as a whole.
               | 
               | This is not about companies making profit. This is about
               | science and the freedom of information. Data wants to be
               | free and it should be.
        
               | freeone3000 wrote:
               | "Data wants to be free and should be" has been the
               | rallying cry of software pirates since I've been in high
               | school. It might have struck a nerve in a group of people
               | who make money off of the sale of software.
               | 
               | I'm not discounting how valuable open research is to
               | society as a whole. I'm not even arguing that, as a moral
               | right, the research should be freely available! I'm just
               | not seeing a _technical_ path there that doesn 't
               | retroactively unassign publishing rights to all past
               | papers. And I don't see how a change in political
               | administration makes it any easier to convince rich
               | people to give up money.
               | 
               | I'm not even convinced the government _should_ take
               | action here - CS work is done on arxiv, so it 's not even
               | as if Elsevier provides a useful service in distribution.
               | Why are authors continuing to publish in Nature when they
               | could put a PDF up anywhere? _that 's_ what we need to
               | address.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | > Hopefully with Dems in control we will see these
             | companies punished for their bad behavior.
             | 
             | There's optimism, and then there is naivete.
        
               | fjabre wrote:
               | Yes there's also people who think they always know
               | better.
        
             | ketzu wrote:
             | > These companies are unnecessary dinosaurs from a bygone
             | era.
             | 
             | I personally believe this is wishful thinking (similarly
             | when I read about how companies have "outdated business
             | models"). Publishers sell prestigue and attention, and this
             | can't easily be replicated, nor is it unnecessary. The
             | increase in research papers makes them even more valueable
             | in my eyes.
             | 
             | This is despite me wanting to see many changes to
             | publishing and science distribution.
             | 
             | edit: removed part that I deemed unecessarily hostile.
        
               | fjabre wrote:
               | I think data wants to be free. Charge for the
               | applications not the data. Data should be free.
               | 
               | This saves lives. I think we can all agree there are
               | certain things that are a benefit to humanity and we
               | should place these things over profits.
               | 
               | These companies are less valuable than they appear IMHO.
               | These gatekeepers of knowledge. More like stonewallers.
        
             | dmingod666 wrote:
             | Like how the opioid crisis was handled.. democrats and
             | Republicans are exactly the same thing. American politics
             | is WWE with old people in formal clothes..
        
               | fjabre wrote:
               | I couldn't agree more. However there are voices at the
               | fringes getting much much louder on both sides who are
               | definitely not the same thing.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | The Democrats are on Big Media's side even more so than the
             | Republicans. Hoping that they're going to switch sides and
             | "punish" big copyright and Media owners for their IP
             | trolling and abuse is just wishful thinking.
        
               | fjabre wrote:
               | Not all dems.
               | 
               | We all know what we got with the Republicans last 4
               | years. Let's see what changed on the other side of the
               | aisle if anything.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | > Not all dems.
               | 
               | I know that we're not supposed to be snarky here at HN,
               | but I'm failing to see how #NotAllDems is a sensible
               | argument. Especially given President-Elect Biden's track
               | record on this particular issue, and Vice-President-Elect
               | Harris' history as a "hardline", "tough on crime"
               | prosecutor.
        
       | zoobab wrote:
       | Finally some fresh air in this censorship atmosphere.
        
       | eythian wrote:
       | A note that if you use Telegram, there is @scihubbot which you
       | can talk to and will send you papers if it can. In my opinion
       | it's faster/easier than using a web interface also.
        
       | oefrha wrote:
       | > "The DNS is like a phonebook for the internet. The addresses in
       | the phonebook are the server IP addresses. DNS was created to
       | give IP addresses human-readable names so with our platform,
       | you're finding the IP address through Handshake, _not through a
       | certificate authority_ ," Namebase CEO Tieshun Roquerre told
       | CoinDesk.
       | 
       | (Emphasis mine.) Did this Namebase CEO just state on record that
       | he doesn't know how DNS works?
        
         | Confiks wrote:
         | I think the more charitable explanation is that mainstream
         | reporting often contains many misquotes, factual errors and
         | omissions that you will only notice when you are knowledgeable
         | about the subject at hand.
         | 
         | To be forgetful or ignore this when turning the page regarding
         | another subject on which you are less knowledgeable is known as
         | the Gell-Mann amnesia effect [1].
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Crichton#GellMannAmnes...
        
         | emacdona wrote:
         | Followed by this: 'Handshake is "is effectively a decentralized
         | domain name server," Roquerre said.' -- thus implying that DNS
         | is NOT decentralized? The article is pretty bad. For his sake,
         | I hope they are taking his quotes out of context. Because I had
         | a quick look at https://www.namebase.io/ -- and it does look
         | interesting. It appears that they have decentralized the
         | REGISTRY by putting it on the "Handshake" blockchain.
         | 
         | Can I configure my resolver to use this "Handshake" blockchain?
        
           | emacdona wrote:
           | But now that I think about it, the registry IS already
           | decentralized. IE: .com is managed by an organization
           | separate from .org. And the whole reason for "renting" from
           | .com is because .com owns the space. If you "buy" a TLD on
           | the Handshake blockchain, do you lose the ability to rescind
           | delegations under that TLD once people have "bought" them?
        
             | emacdona wrote:
             | Maybe the value is that b/c it's on the blockchain, you can
             | see to which IP address a name referred to at ANY point in
             | its (the name's) history?
        
             | angio wrote:
             | The creation of new root TLD is decentralized, you can
             | request a new one and then a bidding process for it starts
             | where everyone can bid for it.
        
               | emacdona wrote:
               | But you can buy a new TLD in the DNS, right? Granted, for
               | more money and pending approval. How is the TLD you get
               | from Handshake different? You still control it, right?
               | And you have the power to revoke sub delegations within
               | it, right? That's what's confusing me... the article
               | seemed to indicate that by switching to Handshake, you
               | won't get your name revoked ever again. But the detail
               | that seems to have been left out is "... if you buy a
               | Handshake TLD, as opposed to 'renting' space from a
               | Handshake TLD holder".
        
               | troquerre wrote:
               | ICANN is expected to re-open TLD registrations in 2-3
               | years but you can't actually buy a new TLD in the
               | traditional system at the moment. Once the registrations
               | open up, there's a $180k application fee (that's not a
               | registration fee, you pay that whether you win the TLD or
               | not) on top of the registration fee which can cost
               | millions. Furthermore, ownership of the TLD is delegate
               | by ICANN, which is a central authority as opposed to
               | ownership of names on Handshake which are controlled by
               | private keys that you control.
        
           | thesuitonym wrote:
           | This got me, too.
           | 
           | >a privacy-focused, cloud-based domain name service resolver
           | which converts IP addresses into domain names.
           | 
           | Except for being privacy focused, this literally describes
           | every domain name service in the Internet.
        
             | rpdillon wrote:
             | I notice that sentence too. Don't DNS servers convert
             | domain names into IP addresses?
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | Technically they do both, but domain to IP is the vastly
               | more common usage.
        
               | thesuitonym wrote:
               | I think it's just answering the question in reverse. It
               | converts an IP to a domain name in that you don't need to
               | know the IP with DNS.
        
           | dwiel wrote:
           | This is a case where I find Vitalik's distinction between
           | different kinds of decentralization useful. [1] Roquerre is
           | talking about political or logical decentralization whereas
           | you are talking about architectural decentralization.
           | 
           | [1] https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/the-meaning-of-
           | decentrali...
        
           | conradev wrote:
           | Yes! There are DNS bridges that read from Handshake's
           | registry that you can use, like NextDNS:
           | 
           | https://www.namebase.io/blog/how-to-access-handshake-
           | domains...
        
           | t0mbstone wrote:
           | DNS isn't completely "decentralized" because it still relies
           | on root name servers, which are controlled by ICANN.
        
           | lazzlazzlazz wrote:
           | DNS is _not_ decentralized in the sense that matters for
           | censorship, which is the most important sense in this
           | discussion. I don 't know anyone who believes DNS is suitably
           | decentralized to resist censorship.
        
             | a1369209993 wrote:
             | > I don't know anyone who believes DNS is suitably
             | decentralized to resist censorship.
             | 
             | Technically DNS-the-protocol _is_ suitably decentralized to
             | resist censorship[0]; it 's the particular canonical
             | infrastructure of the main DNS _system_ that 's the weak
             | link there. (Edit: by which I mean I think emacdona was
             | talking about the protocol in general, and if you meant to
             | object to that admittedly-debateable choice of focus, you
             | should probably explicitly point out the distinction
             | between the protocol (that anyone can use) and the
             | canonical system (that is run by (tautologically) malicious
             | corporations).)
             | 
             | 0: Although it could use some cryptographic additions for
             | better security, and it has problems with global uniqueness
             | in the face of malicious actors pushing records to the
             | effect of "sci-hub.org IN A some.fbi.ip.addr". But if you
             | can find a trustworthy (possibly-suffix-indexed collection
             | of) root server to start from, the protocol itself works
             | fine.
        
             | emacdona wrote:
             | Okay, but how does Handshake solve that problem? It seems
             | like the answer is "everyone buys their own TLD", right?
             | 
             | That works great until the only names that are left are all
             | too long to remember.
             | 
             | And if you buy space from someone else's TLD, well...
             | you've just given someone the power to censor you.
             | 
             | Or am I missing something here?
        
               | troquerre wrote:
               | There are two sides of censorship-resistance that are
               | important when it comes to DNS. Censorship-
               | resistance/seizure-resistance for owners and censorship-
               | resistance for consumers.
               | 
               | For owners, it's important that their domain names can't
               | be taken down or seized from them. Sci-Hub has dealt with
               | this issue numerous times and has had to register a pool
               | of domain names to try too counteract this issue before
               | getting their Handshake name. Domain registrars can seize
               | domain names and there isn't much recourse for the owners
               | -- it doesn't even need to be for a good reason[1]. On
               | Handshake, ownership is controlled by your wallet's
               | private key (similar to owning Bitcoin). As long as you
               | control your private key no one can take your name from
               | you.
               | 
               | For consumers, it's important that you can 1) access the
               | domain name and 2) trust that the DNS records you're
               | seeing are authentic. Handshake is a distributed network
               | so as long as you can connect to a single node you can
               | access it. This mechanic is what gives other distributed
               | networks like Bitcoin and BitTorrent their strength.
               | Furthermore, you can verify the authenticity of the
               | records since each DNS update is reflected on the
               | blockchain similar to how you can verify transactions on
               | Bitcoin.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.izoologic.com/2018/12/20/zoho-domain-
               | taken-mista...
        
               | lazzlazzlazz wrote:
               | > That works great until the only names that are left are
               | all too long to remember.
               | 
               | Do you really believe this is a serious problem? I don't
               | think it is by any stretch of the imagination.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | > It seems like the answer is "everyone buys their own
               | TLD", right?
               | 
               | Yeah, why not? The conceptual distinction between a
               | domain and a TLD isn't necessary. From the Namebase docs:
               | 
               | > For instance, if you own "nakamoto" on Handshake, you
               | can use "nakamoto" as a domain itself. In that case, you
               | would point "nakamoto" to your website and visit it at
               | http://nakamoto/ in your browser. You can also use
               | "nakamoto" as a TLD and issue your own subdomains. In
               | that case you can create "satoshi.nakamoto" and visit it
               | at http://satoshi.nakamoto in your browser. A Handshake
               | name can be used as both a domain name directly and as a
               | TLD at the same time.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | > And if you buy space from someone else's TLD, well...
               | you've just given someone the power to censor you.
               | 
               | Maybe? Buying from someone else's TLD isn't the point of
               | Handshake, for the reasons I mentioned above. But if you
               | wanted to buy a subdomain for some reason, and still
               | wanted it to be uncensorable, you should buy one from
               | someone who revokes their censorship capabilities
               | programmatically.
               | 
               | And that point is the big picture: reasoning about
               | transparent code for very important things gives you a
               | level of control you can't obtain through trusting
               | people.
        
           | cratermoon wrote:
           | Ooof. blockchain
           | 
           | https://xkcd.com/2267/
           | 
           | https://xkcd.com/2030/
        
         | z3t4 wrote:
         | Newsletter quotes are guaranteed to not be what you said.
        
         | troquerre wrote:
         | Namebase CEO here. The article misquoted me (and some of the
         | data I shared) in a number of places. See this tweet where the
         | writer incorrectly stated that Namebase created Handshake when
         | we only build on top of it (similar to how Coinbase builds on
         | Bitcoin)
         | https://twitter.com/CoinDesk/status/1348801310498443264?s=20.
         | 
         | I'm happy to talk through how Handshake works if you have any
         | questions about it. I also wrote an article on how Handshake
         | can improve the root of trust for DNS which was previously
         | discussed on HN [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20995969
        
         | rasengan wrote:
         | I think what he meant was that the domain resolution can be
         | validated using the blockchain as opposed to needing a
         | centralized/single actor certificate authority.
        
           | dlor wrote:
           | I think the point is that certificates are built on top of
           | DNS, not the other way around. Domain resolution does not
           | require certificate authorities.
        
             | rasengan wrote:
             | Exactly. It doesn't require strictly from a protocol sense,
             | but from a security perspective you do want to validate
             | certificates ON TOP as you said.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | slightwinder wrote:
         | What is wrong with that explanation?
        
         | sudobash1 wrote:
         | > The DNS is like a phonebook for the internet
         | 
         | We are going to have to come up with a new metaphor soon. I
         | haven't seen a phonebook in ages. Honestly I would be more
         | likely to tell my kid "Phonebooks were like DNS for telephone
         | numbers."
        
           | blincoln wrote:
           | It's for the best. A phonebook is a single list compiled by
           | one organization. DNS is more like asking a librarian for
           | information on a subject, and the librarian handing back a
           | reference book. The librarian may or may not know anything
           | about the subject, but they know where to go to find the
           | information.
           | 
           | Just like DNS: - Which librarian you ask can result in being
           | pointed to a different reference book. - If the librarian is
           | already familiar with the subject, they may be able to give
           | you the answer directly to save time instead of pointing you
           | to the reference book.
           | 
           | The phonebook metaphor was a good one to give to completely
           | non-technical people, but technical people used it as well,
           | and so often didn't intuitively understand that DNS involves
           | clients exchanging data with arbitrary servers on the
           | internet, using their own DNS server as a proxy. As a result,
           | they often leave s significant communication channel open to
           | the internet even from supposedly secure environments.
        
             | slightwinder wrote:
             | > A phonebook is a single list compiled by one
             | organization.
             | 
             | There are mutiple phonebooks worldwide, each compiled by
             | different organizations. There is just not one phonebook,
             | similar to how there is not just one DNS-server.
        
               | cratermoon wrote:
               | For many years in the US there was THE phonebook
               | published by the regional Bell Operating Company.
        
               | slightwinder wrote:
               | Exactly, regional. Each city/region has it's own
               | phonebook and dialing-code. This is also quite similar to
               | how DNS-hierachies&zones are working.
        
           | vezycash wrote:
           | Dns is like contact app that's managed by a central
           | authority.
        
             | blincoln wrote:
             | But it's not. Only the first tier of servers is managed by
             | a central authority. Everything else is delegated to tiers
             | further down the tree.
        
           | DyslexicAtheist wrote:
           | _" Phonebooks were like DNS for telephone numbers."_
           | 
           | thanks I'll be stealing this quote 100%.
        
           | eternalban wrote:
           | The word you are looking for is 'directory'.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_directory
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | "Telephone directory" is a term that pretty much no one
             | uses for phonebook.
        
               | shripadk wrote:
               | I'm a 90s kid. From India. Always called it Telephone
               | Directory. We also called it Yellow Pages.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | In the US, in larger cities, you'd have separate "white
               | pages" (aka the phonebook) which lists just names and
               | addresses and "yellow pages" which had business listings
               | and ads. In smaller locations, they were often combined
               | into one with both white pages and yellow pages in the
               | same book.
        
               | cgriswald wrote:
               | I'm not sure what the GP means by it being the metaphor
               | to replace phone book ("contacts app" would be my off-
               | the-cuff suggestion), but I'm not that old and I've heard
               | it referred to as a directory. I haven't heard it
               | _recently_ , but that has more to do with the disuse of
               | phone books, I think. Maybe it's a regional thing?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >Maybe it's a regional thing?
               | 
               | That is probably fair. Anywhere I've lived in the US,
               | someone would know (well, maybe not if they were young
               | enough) what you meant by "telephone directory" but
               | almost everyone would say "phonebook" at least in casual
               | conversation. It's also true that when you would dial 411
               | for a number, that was called directory assistance. (And
               | a listing of phone numbers for the staff in an
               | organization would probably be called a staff directory
               | or a telephone directory or something along those lines.)
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | Unless you're an expert on worldwide English use, it's
               | best not to make such sweeping generalizations.
               | 
               | A straightforward search for the term brings up large
               | sites in the UK, India, Malta and Hong Kong. "Directory
               | Enquiries" was (is?) the name for the service in the UK
               | where you pay a fee for someone to look in the telephone
               | directory for you.
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | Tell that to Active Directory.
        
             | tweetle_beetle wrote:
             | > A telephone directory, commonly called a telephone book,
             | telephone address book, phone book
             | 
             | "Phone[ ]book" is the 12th word on the page you linked, and
             | described there as a synonym to "directory". There's no
             | need to be that pedantic.
        
               | eternalban wrote:
               | It is not "pedantic", rather literate, to note the word
               | directory instead of grasping for DNS.
               | 
               | "A telephone book was a directory for telephone numbers"
               | is clear and accurate. Unless knowing what the word
               | "directory" means is asserted to be the domain of
               | pedants.
               | 
               |  _" By providing a worldwide, distributed directory
               | service, the Domain Name System has been an essential
               | component of the functionality of the Internet since
               | 1985._"
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System
        
               | xnyan wrote:
               | >It is not "pedantic"
               | 
               | It's quite pedantic.
               | 
               | I'm the same way, here's an interpersonal relationship
               | tip I've had to learn: If someone calls you an asshole,
               | you can't say "No, I've thought about it and you're
               | wrong, you don't really think I'm an asshole." Well, you
               | can say that, but it just makes you come off as even more
               | of an asshole.
        
               | jessaustin wrote:
               | That escalated quickly.
        
           | jcytong wrote:
           | > "Phonebooks were like DNS for telephone numbers."
           | 
           | A floppy was like the save icon on old software. :)
        
             | a1369209993 wrote:
             | "Why do you have a bunch of 3D-printed save icons on your
             | desk?"
        
               | vagrantJin wrote:
               | "Oh cool, are those real save buttons?"
               | 
               | I suspect these jokes are more reality than we think.
        
       | llcoolv wrote:
       | It is worth noting that this is exactly what Aaron Swartz was
       | bullied to his tragic death 8 years and a day ago. May he rest in
       | peace. And kudos to Alexandra.
       | 
       | P.S. Corrected the date, seems like I still live in 2020. Thank
       | you, lazyant.
        
         | ErikVandeWater wrote:
         | Reddit has conveniently left him out of their about page,
         | despite being a cofounder: https://www.redditinc.com/
         | 
         | About Aaron: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz
        
           | meragrin_ wrote:
           | According to the Wikipedia page, he did not join Reddit until
           | 6 months after Reddit launched. He was fired a year later.
           | There is also a tweet from 2011 saying he was not a co-
           | founder:
           | https://twitter.com/alexisohanian/status/93374221685755904
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | Yeah I've dug a little and it seems Aaron got himself some
             | idolizing 'free net knight' bubble distorting things a bit.
             | 
             | He made a webapp, and partnered with reddit founders to
             | maybe merge things but AFAIK conflicting (technical and non
             | technical) visions made the next step impossible.
        
           | cleansy wrote:
           | Reddit's founders seem to be pretty spineless for doing so. I
           | didn't even realise that they removed him..
        
             | meragrin_ wrote:
             | I don't believe the Reddit founders ever considered him a
             | founder. Tweet from 2011:
             | https://twitter.com/alexisohanian/status/93374221685755904
        
               | baron_harkonnen wrote:
               | Aaron was arrested January 6, 2011. That tweet is from
               | July 2011. Anyone who was active on both HN and Reddit at
               | that time quickly saw the community divided around the
               | issue.
               | 
               | Then Reddit was still trying to figure out how to
               | generate revenue years after a conde nast acquisition and
               | you could tell that the "leadership" team very quickly
               | wanted to distance themselves from any controversy.
               | 
               | Anyone active on Reddit or HN in the early days would
               | have been surprised to here that Aaron was not considered
               | a cofounder. It wasn't until after his legal trouble that
               | the Reddit team tried to distance themselves from him and
               | an his cause as fast as possible.
        
               | cleansy wrote:
               | > For Paul Graham, cofounder of Y Combination who worked
               | with Swartz, Huffman and Ohanian, Aaron Swartz is right
               | to call himself a Reddit founder.
               | 
               | > Speaking on Reddit a few years ago, Graham said: "The
               | company behind Reddit was a merger of two startups...and
               | in that situation the founders of both startups are
               | considered founders of the combined company." [1]
               | 
               | sounds pretty clear to me..
               | 
               | 1: https://www.thefocus.news/tech/aaron-swartz-reddit/
        
               | ehsankia wrote:
               | This may be unfair as Aaron isn't there to give his side
               | of the story, but the way I understand is that the YC put
               | these 1+2 people (who were all talented) together to help
               | build reddit, but Huffman and Ohanian were far more
               | interested in building reddit as it was originally their
               | project and they had been working on it for 6 months, and
               | it seems like Aaron wasn't as interested in it.
               | 
               | So yes, while Graham did forcingly merge these two
               | together, I don't think it necessarily makes Aaron a co-
               | founder and contributor.
               | 
               | EDIT: Just to add, Aaron's project was "infogami" which
               | seems to be a CMS system, and I'm not sure how much of
               | that actually contributed to reddit. It seems like his
               | project was mostly scratched and the project that Huffman
               | & Ohanian were working on ended up being the real
               | success.
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | Early versions of reddit's wiki were more or less
               | reskinned infogami.
               | 
               | As to the co-founder question, Aaron was definitely a co-
               | founder of the merged reddit/infogami company, but he
               | didn't contribute much after that, leading to his
               | departure. I think that, rather than any controversy over
               | his arrest is why Steve and Alexis didn't really consider
               | him a co-founder.
        
               | dpritchett wrote:
               | Here's Swartz detailing how Reddit was rewritten in his
               | own Python framework a scant six months after launch:
               | http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/rewritingreddit
        
               | llcoolv wrote:
               | Well, they should not have given him such a job title
               | then.
        
               | gowld wrote:
               | Suppose you get together with someone to found a company
               | as cofounders, but then your cofounder nearly immediately
               | leaves the company to pursue other projects.
               | 
               | Why is it wrong to annul the designation?
               | 
               | Swartz contributed technology (web.py) that Reddit used
               | briefly, and deserves as much credit as other technology
               | contributors of the same scale.
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Wayne
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stu_Sutcliffe
        
               | shubb wrote:
               | That doesn't seem to be a fair description - it seems
               | like he originally ran a software house that were paid to
               | build a lot of the original reddit, was acquihired and
               | given the title founder, and then stuck with the company
               | through acquisition before being re-assigned to another
               | of the acquirers properties.
               | 
               | Founder, not sure, but your narrative of someone barely
               | involved doesn't stack up either.
               | 
               | Also, early on, it seems he brought the technical
               | knowhow, acting as an outside CTO, and also had high PR /
               | name recognition value, so I think they owed him some
               | recognition for sure.
        
             | NoSorryCannot wrote:
             | Reddit seems pretty unprincipled in general. Their
             | decisions wouldn't be so bad if they appeared to stem from
             | a coherent principle but overall they seem to only be
             | reacting and doing whatever is politically expedient in the
             | moment.
             | 
             | Not unlike most orgs I suppose.
        
               | Bakary wrote:
               | Sounds like a principle to me.
               | 
               | edit: to make this answer less of a throwaway line: it's
               | a principle that underpins most of the MMR-based ideology
               | on this very same website and animates most of the tech
               | scene in general, "making the world a better place"
               | statements notwithstanding. How many of you here can
               | genuinely pretend otherwise in your professional life? A
               | portion perhaps, but clearly the minority.
               | 
               | Beyond the simple cynicism of pointing it out, this
               | principle seems to be quite stable and efficient in the
               | face of an audience that shifts its priorities every two
               | seconds. Perhaps the better question to ask would be why
               | the system of incentives that we have cultivated rewards
               | this behavior. The crowd rewards certain behaviors, and
               | in an increasingly postmodern world moral statements are
               | usually lost in the noise or take the shape of a parody
               | of themselves.
        
               | NoSorryCannot wrote:
               | I view a principle as being a belief held that one will
               | hold the line on, even if to do so would be potentially
               | costly. A principle isn't necessarily popular or just.
               | 
               | Optimizing for traffic, revenue, or whatever else is
               | certainly a strategy but I don't think it's a principle
               | in the sense of someone or some people having principles.
               | 
               | And I would add that the effective output of such a
               | strategy, if it were the behavior of an individual, would
               | probably be described as sociopathic.
        
               | a1369209993 wrote:
               | > I view a principle as being a belief held that one will
               | hold the line on, even if to do so would be potentially
               | costly. A principle isn't necessarily popular or just.
               | 
               | To be scupulously fair, "never hold the line, especially
               | if it would be costly to do so", is still a principle by
               | that definition, albeit a vacuous one. Just like "zero"
               | is a number of apples you can be holding.
        
               | Bakary wrote:
               | I agree with your general stance, but I do wonder if this
               | strategy hasn't morphed into an ideology in itself or at
               | least what we'd recognize as principles (which can indeed
               | cost people by their definition, but not necesarily so)
               | At least that is what I see with much of the content
               | shared here. The world view that percolates across all
               | those articles is one that praises hustle culture, a
               | mechanistic optimization of life, rationality fetishism,
               | "hacking" social relationships, founder/mogul worship and
               | many other ideas that support entrepreneurial success as
               | the fundamental arbiter of value and moral worth. I even
               | saw a few people sincerely believing thar systemic
               | poverty could be alleviated with some bootsrapped startup
               | concept. Essentially a mix of sociopathy and technocracy
               | that can also paradoxically function as a guiding light
               | for non-sociopathic people.
        
           | d3nj4l wrote:
           | And they've explained this multiple times. Aaron was given
           | the title of co-founder, but he joined well after the site
           | had launched, and then proceeded to go AWOL and not work for
           | months until he was fired. Given that he was only very
           | briefly involved in the site, it doesn't make sense to call
           | him a co-founder, even if that was his de jure title.
           | 
           | E: At the same time, I feel like I should state - Aaron
           | Swartz was a martyr, and I don't mean to disparage him or his
           | legacy.
        
             | ErikVandeWater wrote:
             | Ostrich effect at work. He joined a whole 4-5 months later.
             | 
             | > Ohanian launched Reddit in June 2005.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reddit
             | 
             | > When Infogami failed to find further funding,
             | Y-Combinator organizers suggested that Infogami merge with
             | Reddit,[32][33] which it did in November 2005, resulting in
             | the formation of a new firm, Not a Bug, devoted to
             | promoting both products.[32][34] As a result of this
             | merger, Swartz was given the title of co-founder of Reddit.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz
        
             | jancsika wrote:
             | Tell me if I'm understanding this:
             | 
             | A company with the mendacity to misrepresent an employee as
             | a co-founder in order to attract said employee wasn't happy
             | with that employee's performance. So they boldly refuse to
             | continue misrepresenting him as a co-founder on their
             | _about_ page.
             | 
             | If so, I would like to nominate Reddit for the Silicon
             | Valley Courage Award. (However, I think Facebook is the
             | clear front-runner for clamping down on "Stop the Steal"
             | disinformation now that both houses of Congress and the
             | presidency are under Democratic control.)
        
             | Technically wrote:
             | I don't know why the term is so valuable. Musk went so far
             | as to buy the title for Tesla.
        
             | egroq wrote:
             | > Aaron Swartz was a martyr, and I don't mean to disparage
             | him or his legacy.
             | 
             | Who killed him? According to wikipedia it was suicide. Did
             | he have a mental issue?
        
               | jagged-chisel wrote:
               | He was under threat of prosecution from the FBI.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | US prisons are so full because people do the time.
        
               | aplummer wrote:
               | They're full because of the prison industrial complex.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | and because people didnt commit suicide when the district
               | attorneys and federal agencies came after them, which is
               | my point
        
               | krspykrm wrote:
               | Industry has nothing to do with it. Every country has
               | industry. The reason the US has so many in prison is
               | because its people are the more hair-on-fire moralistic
               | crusaders in the civilized world and they _want_ people
               | in prison.
        
               | aplummer wrote:
               | Industry is not what the prison industrial complex is.
               | 
               | The prison industrial complex is a deliberate lengthening
               | of sentences and increasing of mandatory jail time for
               | non-violent offenses designed to increase the for-profit
               | prison population to increase profit.
        
               | krspykrm wrote:
               | "Prison industrial complex" is verbal sleight of hand to
               | blame a system rather than people, but in reality these
               | market forces are merely the revealed preference of what
               | people want. If people wanted these inmates free - and by
               | wanted I mean wanted in the revealed preference sense,
               | not the virtue signal on the internet sense - capitalism
               | would have them free tomorrow.
        
               | egroq wrote:
               | So he suicided without mental issues, just to "make a
               | statement"? Sorry that's not a martyr.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | egroq wrote:
               | It is, but it's no excuse for suicide.
        
               | Shivetya wrote:
               | the pressure the US DOJ attorneys put upon him became
               | unbearable. their high pressure tactics which involve
               | piling on charges and threatening the target with so many
               | years in prison as to be lifetime for some can had
               | adverse affects on people. Sadly this is par for the
               | course as the prosecuting attorney and their office do
               | not get called to account for their methods or out comes.
               | 
               | this is very difficult to correct as many times the
               | target is politically acceptable to many and therefor
               | they just give the DOJ free reign to apply it to anyone
               | they choose.
        
               | rmrfstar wrote:
               | It's important to understand the historical context.
               | Aaron was arrested in 2011, when a lot of other internet
               | politics was happening. Occupy Wall Street, Arab Spring,
               | LulzSec (remember Fuck FBI Friday?), Wikileaks, SOPA.
               | "The block was hot" so to speak.
               | 
               | The attitude in DC was, "those people on the internet
               | think they can do whatever they want, we'll show them."
               | Well, they showed us and we lost a truly inspiring
               | person.
        
         | lazyant wrote:
         | _8_ years ago
        
         | calimac wrote:
         | RIP Aaron Schwartz. You are a patriot for truth and freedom.
        
           | jrimbault wrote:
           | It's not about "patriotism".
        
           | ainiriand wrote:
           | A true hero that believed in a free internet and died because
           | of his ideals.
        
         | dr-detroit wrote:
         | I read that he committed suicide after trying to steal a good
         | chunk of the content on JSTOR and getting caught.
        
         | alienlid wrote:
         | Tweet thread on his death that was illuminating for me
         | https://mobile.twitter.com/hides_minimally/status/1348704670...
        
           | goodluckchuck wrote:
           | It's ironic that the author is using the tragic and abusive
           | results of authoritarianism as a means of advocating _FOR_
           | the very authoritarianism that Aaron Schwartz opposed.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | The tweet author? Nah.
        
           | happytoexplain wrote:
           | The first Tweet attempts to coopt the memory of him to
           | legitimize an unsubstantive jab in an ideological battle that
           | is adjacent to academic literature. That's sickening.
        
             | Bukhmanizer wrote:
             | Yes, this bothers me so much about whenever people bring
             | him up. He seemed like a brilliant, kind, and unique
             | person, not just a totem of "our side vs your side"
        
               | vixen99 wrote:
               | He could be both unless someone actually says 'just ...'.
        
             | llcoolv wrote:
             | Yes, my interpretation of his actions is also way more
             | moderate.
        
               | MacsHeadroom wrote:
               | His actions in the JSTOR situation were ultimately deemed
               | lawful.
               | 
               | But, without passing judgement one way or the other,
               | Aaron's beliefs about free speech and information freedom
               | which informed his activism cannot be reasonably
               | described as moderate.
        
               | breck wrote:
               | > cannot be reasonably described as moderate.
               | 
               | I would agree with this. I knew Aaron, at least in terms
               | of our mutual involvement in the intellectual freedom
               | movement, and worked with him on various things (though
               | not well, I was a pretty shitty python coder back then).
               | 
               | His positions, like mine, were definitely in the
               | "extreme", in the sense that 99% of people either 1)
               | don't agree that we should abolish copyright and patents
               | OR don't have an opinion on it.
               | 
               | But there can be a negative connotation to the word
               | "extreme" that I don't think applies here. Our stance is
               | extreme in the sense that the Internet was extreme in the
               | 1970's, or the Web extreme in the 1990's, or civil rights
               | extreme in the 1950's, or women's right to vote extreme
               | in the 1920's.
               | 
               | Another way to put it: he was far ahead of our time on
               | issues of justice.
        
               | llcoolv wrote:
               | I meant more moderate than burning a Target store or
               | starting a revolution as in the tweet. And if we stick to
               | objectivism, then they definitely are more moderate than
               | even the status quo - semi-obsolete middlemen holding a
               | rent-seeking/regulatory capture over some of the most
               | important information available to mankind.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | bergstromm466 wrote:
               | > without passing judgement
               | 
               | > cannot be reasonably described as moderate
               | 
               | Are you aware that you're claiming not to pass judgement,
               | and then do so in the very same sentence?
               | 
               | I think it seems immoderate to you because, like many
               | others on this website (including me), we were all on the
               | inside of the knowledge-monopoly walled-garden that Aaron
               | talked about, where most research isn't accessible to you
               | unless you join the capitalist academia-industrial-
               | complex (that last part is my own description, not
               | Aaron's), such as attending a university with a huge
               | endowment (Harvard and other Ivy League schools), or
               | living in a tech-cluster that the government has invested
               | in for many years (Stanford&Silicon Valley) - why else
               | does the most 'exciting' research happen at private
               | institutions like these?:
               | 
               |  _"The world 's entire scientific and cultural heritage,
               | published over centuries in books and journals, is
               | increasingly being digitized and locked up by a handful
               | of private corporations. Want to read the papers
               | featuring the most famous results of the sciences? You'll
               | need to send enormous amounts to publishers like Reed
               | Elsevier."_ [1]
               | 
               | What makes it so one person is allowed to privatize
               | knowledge and charge another a rent to access it? Why
               | have governments allowed this enclosure of the scientific
               | commons (amongst others), which is really an inheritance
               | that belongs to all?
               | 
               | Privatization of knowledge is artificial scarcity that
               | does not have to be there. It keeps the majority of
               | society locked out, especially the working class, as well
               | as people who live in the Global South.
               | 
               | This beautiful story from a few days ago is just one of
               | many that shows the incredible power of Sci-hub:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25685819
               | 
               | I think that most intellectual laborers who themselves
               | have conditional access to trade secrets and patents due
               | to their employment with the capitalist/propertied
               | classes (who are the so called 'owners' of this
               | privatized knowledge), underestimate how difficult it is
               | for others to follow in their footsteps, to try to copy
               | what they did (myself included). In other words, we fail
               | to see and acknowledge how much contrived scarcity is
               | created by the US-'led' global Intellectual Property
               | system and agreements, which allows capitalist firms to
               | claim ownership of knowledge through trade secrets,
               | patents and copyrights - which are then used to control
               | where scientific research is done and where it is not. It
               | ultimately holds back innovation, and the sharing of all
               | kinds of emancipatory and empowering technologies locked
               | up by capitalists under capitalism.
               | 
               | The most violent and advanced form of this capitalist
               | enclosure of knowledge is the criminal enforcement of
               | 'trade secrets'. The use of this mechanism, and the state
               | institution that allows it, is the biggest capitalist
               | perversion of science and technological development
               | humanity has ever seen. [2]
               | 
               | Instead of contributing to firms and institutions that
               | privatize knowledge, I hope we will continue joining in
               | efforts to liberate science and technology from
               | capitalism, creating an unconditionally available shared
               | commons library that is accessible to all around the
               | globe.
               | 
               | As we are currently part of the small group of people who
               | are privileged recipients of this inheritance, I believe
               | we have no excuse to not contribute to this battle for
               | universal access, on all fronts, especially considering
               | the fact that digital technologies have brought with them
               | the possibility for a zero marginal cost of reproduction
               | of knowledge. Sci-hub and similar efforts are a fantastic
               | start to this.
               | 
               | For another strategy that helps reclaim technology from
               | capitalism (and which really blew my hair back), check
               | out the work of Bob Haugen, Lynn Foster and Pospi
               | (Mikorizal) on Valueflo.ws / hREA. [3]
               | 
               | [1] https://archive.org/stream/GuerillaOpenAccessManifest
               | o/Goamj...
               | 
               | [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25447697
               | 
               | [3] http://mikorizal.org/Fromprivateownershipaccountingto
               | commons...
        
               | alienlid wrote:
               | This is great, thanks for writing this and citing
               | references. Love the Manifesto that Swartz wrote
        
               | gowld wrote:
               | > His actions in the JSTOR situation were ultimately
               | deemed lawful.
               | 
               | Can you provide a citation of that? Swartz was
               | overcharged, but clearly unlawful (a breach of contract
               | at the bare minimum).
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | Isn't a breach of contract a civil matter rather than
               | criminal? I don't think violating a contract is unlawful.
        
               | raxxorrax wrote:
               | With passing judgement: Not moderate, but sensible.
        
             | jenwkejnwjkef wrote:
             | Yeah, it's pretty weird how he uses him to further left-
             | libertarianism. How do you know Aaron Swartz stood for
             | anarchism? He seems like anti-intellectual property to me,
             | but you know right-libertarians oppose intellectual
             | property too. I find it despicable to use someone to
             | further an ideology without giving them the chance to
             | actually state their own political beliefs.
        
             | DeafSquid wrote:
             | Who is shimmy and why should I care what they think?
        
           | andromeduck wrote:
           | It's a bit weird to blame capitalism when it was the state
           | and not the actual IP holders that wanted to press charges.
        
             | alasdair_ wrote:
             | Only after the IP holders contacted the state and told them
             | a crime. had been committed.
        
           | LudwigNagasena wrote:
           | Was he an anarcho-communist? Sounds dubious.
        
       | obblekk wrote:
       | I'm supportive of free distribution of scientific knowledge, BUT
       | HN has a significant bias against believing in the power of legal
       | systems.
       | 
       | No matter how good the technology, it can eventually be censored
       | if the law is strong enough.
       | 
       | In the past, it was hard to separate "useful" internet activity
       | from "illegitimate" because things were changing quickly. Today,
       | a government might say its simply illegal to use end to end
       | encryption without government ability to tap (with warrant and
       | court approval) and even if you have innovative use cases that
       | get killed, that's ok because 99% of the value of the internet is
       | available.
       | 
       | Some say that math triumphs law, but you can see with Parler's
       | experience (ignoring political affiliation) that once a large
       | group of people are organized against you, it's simply in
       | feasible to rebuild decades of infrastructure in isolation.
       | 
       | All of this is to say, it's a good start to restore sci hub, but
       | it's important to win the hearts and minds of society and
       | lawmakers to legitimize free information. Otherwise, eventually,
       | it may become suppressed for practical widespread access,
       | destroying most of the value.
       | 
       | EDIT RESPONSE TO RESPONSES
       | 
       | Thanks for the thoughtful responses. A few counterpoints:
       | 
       | * *Past encryption bans didn't work.* Yes I agree. But I would
       | argue it's because lawmakers of the 90s really didn't
       | understand/care of the significance. Bans on pirated content in
       | the 2000s worked well enough that my parents never really got
       | into pirating, it was a young/hacker thing for the most part.
       | Consider that just because hackers (in the PG/RMS sense of the
       | word) can get info, doesn't make it as useful to society as
       | everyone getting it.
       | 
       | * *Parler's mistake was using AWS.* This is my broad point - it's
       | impossible to be an island unto yourself. At some point, they
       | have to use fiber laid in ground, buildings cohousing data
       | center, electricity from the grid, peering, LTE networks, etc to
       | transmit information. Either you argue that every single layer
       | can be vertically integrated into a parallel universe of thought
       | (which certainly doesn't sound friendly to new idea entrants) or
       | acknowledge that we need some kind of rules to ensure equal
       | access (requiring law or some other consensus mechanism).
       | 
       | * *Law is different than public opinion.* Short run yes, long run
       | not really. If the majority of people believe it's more important
       | to police child porn than ensure distributed ownership of the
       | internet (whether they can articulate it as such or not) that
       | will be the direction of law. If most people don't care, but the
       | ones working in lawmakers offices do, that'll become the law. The
       | purpose of law is to formalize social conventions and uniformly
       | enforce them.
       | 
       | * *We can hack/route around law.* By all means, please do
       | continue. My point is just to also view law itself as something
       | that is malleable. Do both. Build censorship resistant tools, and
       | advocate and change law to reduce censorship. Both are necessary,
       | neither one alone is sufficient. Information both needs to be
       | technically accessible, and actually widely available for a
       | democratic society to function well.
       | 
       | I appreciate deeply that HN as a community can have thoughtful
       | discussions on this topic. I'm glad I found you all.
        
         | raxxorrax wrote:
         | Legal systems failed often on internet topics and does so
         | again. DMCA comes to mind. It arguably doesn't serve any
         | constructive purpose. Some artist have been made believe they
         | need giant content rights holders.
         | 
         | I don't think any government could disallow end-to-end
         | encryption at this point. I think they are careful because it
         | could seriously undermine their authority if they fail, which
         | they very likely would, which would lead to severe
         | embarrassment.
         | 
         | They could still do significant damage of course.
        
         | hobofan wrote:
         | > that once a large group of people are organized against you,
         | it's simply in feasible to rebuild decades of infrastructure in
         | isolation.
         | 
         | Time will tell. Right we are on day 2(?) of Parler being banned
         | from major platforms, and their main problems seems to be being
         | banned from app stores and not necessarily infrastructure
         | problems. thedonald.win seems to be doing just fine and Voat
         | also seemed to sustain a significant userbase before shutting
         | down (financing a platform is a whole other thing entirely).
        
           | tsm wrote:
           | They've been booted from AWS, which is a significant
           | infrastructure problem.
        
         | DharmaPolice wrote:
         | I think it depends on the goal of censorship. If you're trying
         | to prevent a site (or service or group) reaching a certainly
         | level of mass use then censorship definitely can work. There
         | are a large number of piracy sites blocked in the UK by court
         | order. The blocks are trivial to get round but they are
         | probably effective for a good proportion of UK users.
         | 
         | But if the goal of censorship is to completely prevent a leaked
         | fact from being communicated - that's much harder (and I'll say
         | it's practically impossible after a certain point).
        
         | lucideer wrote:
         | > _No matter how good the technology, it can eventually be
         | censored if the law is strong enough._
         | 
         | I won't repeat sibling commenters here giving examples of where
         | this is not true (US encryption mainly). I'm wondering if you
         | have any examples of where it is true. What has been censored
         | effectively?
         | 
         | As far as I've been aware, legal censorship has never worked.
         | "Cultural censorship" (a.k.a. "taboo") can be quite effective,
         | but I'm not aware of any examples where the law has been in any
         | way effective at all in this area.
         | 
         | > _you can see with Parler's experience (ignoring political
         | affiliation) that once a large group of people are organized
         | against you, it's simply in feasible to rebuild decades of
         | infrastructure in isolation._
         | 
         | There's two issues with this. Firstly, you're conflating "a
         | large group of people", with "the law": these are not the same
         | thing. Far from it.
         | 
         | Secondly, Parler is not exactly a shining example of technical
         | competency. I wouldn't hold them up as "the example" of
         | technology -vs- legal censorship purely because there are much
         | stronger/actually competent representatives of the
         | technological side out there that would fair far better than
         | Parler.
         | 
         | It's also notable that many of the learned "techie" individuals
         | who might rally to defend some other technology were it under
         | siege from powerful state & corporate censorship, in this case
         | actually rallied against Parler. So Parler were up against far
         | more than just the forces of legal censorship.
        
           | dash2 wrote:
           | Not by censorship alone, of course, but here's J. S. Mill:
           | "But, indeed, the dictum that truth always triumphs over
           | persecution, is one of those pleasant falsehoods which men
           | repeat after one another till they pass into commonplaces,
           | but which all experience refutes. History teems with
           | instances of truth put down by persecution. If not suppressed
           | for ever, it may be thrown back for centuries. To speak only
           | of religious opinions: the Reformation broke out at least
           | twenty times before Luther, and was put down. Arnold of
           | Brescia was put down. Fra Dolcino was put down. Savonarola
           | was put down. The Albigeois were put down. The Vaudois were
           | put down. The Lollards were put down. The Hussites were put
           | down."
        
           | _jal wrote:
           | Depends on what exactly you mean by 'censored'. You don't
           | need to suppress every mention of something to have an
           | effect.
           | 
           | The most recent US example I can think of is that the Trump
           | administration has been reasonably successful in suppressing
           | hospital C19 images:
           | 
           | https://theintercept.com/2020/12/27/covid-photography-
           | hospit...
           | 
           | But every administration in living memory (and probably
           | without that qualifier, too) has suppressed something.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_the_United_State.
           | ..
        
           | kofejnik wrote:
           | > As far as I've been aware, legal censorship has never
           | worked. "Cultural censorship" (a.k.a. "taboo") can be quite
           | effective, but I'm not aware of any examples where the law
           | has been in any way effective at all in this area.
           | 
           | Sorry, but this is extremely naive. Russia routinely jails
           | people for merely liking (not to mention, reposting) improper
           | things on social media.
        
           | endominus wrote:
           | > What has been censored effectively?
           | 
           | >As far as I've been aware, legal censorship has never
           | worked.
           | 
           | If you hold "worked" to the impossible standard of
           | "completely eradicated its target" then no, just as basically
           | no policy or initiative has ever "worked." Hell, polio still
           | exists![0] By the much more reasonable standard of
           | "suppressed the dissemination and popularization of its
           | target" then there are a plethora of examples:
           | 
           | - Libel and slander laws successfully limit outright lies
           | reported by the media.
           | 
           | - Various governments censor and punish criticism of
           | themselves or specific officials.
           | 
           | - Copyright law successfully limits propagation of media.
           | 
           | - Certain content - typically sexual or graphically violent -
           | cannot legally be broadcast.
           | 
           | - You are legally barred from lying about, for example, the
           | ingredients of a product you produce or its efficacy.
           | 
           | - State secrets are heavily censored, and those who
           | circumvent this censorship are heavily punished.
           | 
           | Not to mention individual cases of censorship, such as
           | whether a man may publish his own autobiography.[1] That
           | particular case was eventually decided in his favor, but
           | there was no guarantee of that.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/10/30/9290
           | 806...
           | 
           | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/may/20/concert-
           | pianis...
        
           | myWindoonn wrote:
           | Sibling comments are being ignorant. The most famous born
           | secret in the USA is how to make breeder reactors and nuclear
           | weaponry; even if somebody independently rediscovers it, the
           | government will censor them.
           | 
           | But, that said, our profession has never attempted a
           | revolution where we explicitly try to breach this born
           | secret. It's not clear whether we'd succeed, and the victory
           | cup is literally nuclear waste, so it's not exactly desirable
           | either.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | To be fair, breeder reactors are used to _recycle_ nuclear
             | waste. The secrecy around them is due to proliferation
             | concerns.
        
           | simias wrote:
           | Squashing something completely is extremely difficult, but
           | you can make it inconvenient and risky enough that most
           | people won't bother. See the Chinese internet for instance.
           | 
           | There's often this fallacy when discussing governmental
           | action that if it's not 100% effective it's useless. It's of
           | course not true.
        
           | obblekk wrote:
           | I agree that it's likely impossible to completely sensor
           | information. What is much more feasible is to add so much
           | friction/risk to spreading it, that it defacto is unavailable
           | to 99% of people.
           | 
           | I would argue that legalizing marijuana massively increased
           | consumption (because so much friction and risk went away),
           | legalizing encryption massively increased adoption on the
           | internet (compared to a world where it was formally illegal
           | and ISPs were used to enforce mandatory cleartext), bans on
           | medical drugs without prescription have reduced how much
           | people develop experimental drugs, bans on child porn have
           | massively reduced number of people ever exposed to it, etc.
           | 
           | I think most information bans can be enforced with such high
           | effectiveness that it becomes difficult to consider a society
           | in which that weren't the case. Much of "regulatory reform"
           | is actually about legalizing and normalizing
           | behavior/information that was always doable but banned.
           | Rarely does the government invent a new type of behavior
           | (patent law is a good example of that).
        
         | root_axis wrote:
         | > _doesn't sound friendly to new idea entrants) or acknowledge
         | that we need some kind of rules to ensure equal access
         | (requiring law or some other consensus mechanism_
         | 
         | We used to have that, it was called "net neutrality" and it was
         | killed by Parler's political party.
        
         | rasengan wrote:
         | I do understand your point, but it's hard to win the hearts and
         | minds of anyone if you're censored and cannot be heard.
         | 
         | Secondly, this is hacker news. Our culture is to route around
         | these kinds of things. ;)
        
         | d33lio wrote:
         | I think it's fair to say that there's an equal belief
         | implicitly _in_ the power of legal systems - but only when it
         | 's convenient for a point OP is making.
         | 
         | Thinking how a quick decision now will possibly turn in ten
         | years down the road is how we can retain our rights but still
         | move our democracy forward. A perfect example is championing
         | the destruction and banning of all right leaning social media /
         | twitter users... but when SciHub gets banned all the sudden its
         | a travesty of free expression. Unfortunately, this line of
         | reasoning is not a two way street. Even as a staunch liberal
         | try my best to not let my anger at the other side get the best
         | of me and play into the hands of the corporatists and statist
         | who actually want to recreate what many refer to as fascism
         | (melding of the state and corporate powers).
        
         | tachyonbeam wrote:
         | On the other hand, if you want to talk about the power of the
         | law, you can look at the war on drugs. Billions have been spent
         | fighting drug cartels in Mexico, tens (hundreds?) of thousands
         | have been killed... And they unfortunately still manage
         | regularly ship cocaine and meth to the US. For some people, the
         | potential financial gain makes it worth the risk to dodge the
         | legal system.
         | 
         | Knowledge is maybe not as addictive as meth, and people may not
         | be willing to make the same sacrifices to get it across, but
         | the risk required to run an encrypted network without
         | government approval, and the efforts the government is willing
         | to take to squash it, are also less.
        
           | srean wrote:
           | My cynical view is that these laws are working as intended.
        
         | wolco5 wrote:
         | Encription was banned in the US but it didn't work out so well.
         | 
         | Parler build itself on Amazon which was the big mistake the
         | next company won't follow.
         | 
         | It's a wakeup call to anyone using the cloud that one day it
         | might decide you are not welcome.
        
           | nathias wrote:
           | Yea except its the same with servers, and if you host your
           | own ISPs... we really need the cloud in space or somewhere
           | else outside of the influence of countries.
        
           | harperlee wrote:
           | > Parler build itself on Amazon which was the big mistake the
           | next company won't follow.
           | 
           | There are servers you can host yourself, and there are
           | networks (payments and communication) from which you can't be
           | independent, in practice.
        
             | llcoolv wrote:
             | Even this you can overcome - there is always crypto and
             | while you're ultimately dependent on communication
             | infrastructure, there are ways to make it infeasible to be
             | blocked.
        
           | tweetle_beetle wrote:
           | The risks of using cloud servers are now well documented,
           | but, out of curiosity, do they extend to colocated servers?
           | Do data centres turn a blind eye to their colocation
           | customers?
        
             | brazzy wrote:
             | Most don't.
             | 
             | Those that do command a premium ("Bulletproof hosting")
             | ...and are sometimes shut down themselves:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyberBunker
        
           | Proziam wrote:
           | Unfortunately, even if you go to extremes, all (ISPs,
           | Browsers, etc) have to do is choose not to connect to you.
        
             | shivpat wrote:
             | Tor - there's always a way
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | A very limited way. Ways for savvy individuals to
               | secretively exchange information and communicate are one
               | thing. Running a site that has a large data footprint and
               | is intended to be accessible to a large unsophisticated
               | audience is something else.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The shut down silkroad. Or whatever it was that tried to
               | use tor to anonymously allow selling illegal products.
        
               | toolz wrote:
               | Which has been replaced by bigger sites every time they
               | are shutdown and often within the same month.
        
             | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
             | Boy, if only we hadn't insisted on browsers becoming so
             | ludicrously complicated so we could kludge applications
             | onto them we might be able to solve at least one of those
             | problems.
             | 
             | But I guess that plane has sailed. All hail the one true
             | platform: Chrome.
        
             | metiscus wrote:
             | So long as there are open source browsers, involuntary
             | censorship via the browser will be difficult. One can
             | always fork and start again. The most real danger comes
             | when utility functions like access to an ISP or internet
             | backbone interconnection are threatened.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Encryption was never banned in the US. There have been
           | restrictions on _export_ of encryption technology.
        
             | programmarchy wrote:
             | DeCSS, which was an algorithm that could decrypt DVD
             | content, might be more apropros. Sites were being sued for
             | hosting the DeCSS source code, and there was resistance to
             | that like printing the code on t-shirts.
        
             | xiphias2 wrote:
             | Wasn't it limited to only using weak form of encryption
             | though?
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | That was due to the export controls. Basically, you could
               | (as a US-based software provider) have a US edition that
               | offered stronger encryption, but for anything _leaving_
               | the US were limited to weaker encryption (principally
               | measured in key size, not necessarily encryption method).
               | If a user could verify they were in the US, then, you
               | could offer maybe a 128-bit encryption package, but
               | outside only 56-bit.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Export_of_cryptography_from
               | _th...
        
           | some_random wrote:
           | Unless you're talking about ham radio, encryption has never
           | been banned in the US
        
             | trianglem wrote:
             | He doesn't know. All that comment is trying to get across
             | is "woe is Parler"
        
           | trianglem wrote:
           | It's a wake up call to read the TOS and not promote what
           | amounts to an open market for contract killings.
        
         | darepublic wrote:
         | This competition between technology and law is ongoing, and
         | they effect and influence each other's development. Makes sense
         | some people are more invested in promoting the strength of one
         | force versus the other. A bit of a simplification, but I see HN
         | as largely a place for people who believe in what technology
         | enables (creative, individualistic, free expression) versus the
         | law
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | Where is the effort to get these articles published freely
       | without having a private entity act as a middleman?
       | 
       | This problem of publicly funded research only available behind a
       | paywall is a bipartisan issue. The main issue is that there
       | appears to be no movement or effort to push this forward so the
       | public is largely uninformed.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | srean wrote:
       | There are some comments here that note that sci-hub or Aaron's
       | action on JSTOR data is/was illegal.
       | 
       | Just leaving this thought out here -- if laws are considered
       | unjust, it is ok, even noble, to break them. That is how one got
       | rid of apartheid, how colonies became independent and LGBT
       | marriages came to be legally recognized.
       | 
       | If not for lawbreakers we would still be living in a world that
       | approves of Turing's treatment post war.
        
         | vinckr wrote:
         | Restricting access to scientific material just to make money is
         | holding us all back and I wouldn't consider people who leak
         | such material criminals.
        
           | mellavora wrote:
           | Correction: restricting public access to scientific material
           | paid for by public funds...
        
         | Grustaf wrote:
         | That's possibly true. It doesn't follow that all illegal
         | activity is just though.
        
           | toxik wrote:
           | How fortunate that this was never claimed.
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Please follow the site guidelines when posting here. They
             | include:
             | 
             | " _Don 't be snarky._"
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | toxik wrote:
               | I was not being snarky, I pointed out that the argument
               | was made about a statement that was never made.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | It's fine to point that out, but the way you did it lands
               | with me as snarky. There's a spectrum of how readers
               | interpret such things (some would find it snarky, as I
               | did, while others wouldn't)--but what's for certain is
               | that the reader spectrum skews far more in that direction
               | than commenters think it does. Objects in the mirror are
               | closer than they appear. Since you only have to hit a
               | small section of that spectrum to start a flamewar, we
               | need comments to err on the side of not coming across
               | that way [1].
               | 
               | There's another guideline that helps with this:
               | 
               | " _When disagreeing, please reply to the argument instead
               | of calling names. "That is idiotic; 1 + 1 is 2, not 3"
               | can be shortened to "1 + 1 is 2, not 3."_
               | 
               | Although "How fortunate that" isn't exactly calling
               | names, your comment could have been shortened in just
               | this way. "This was never claimed" would make the same
               | point without hitting any of the snark spectrum.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
               | 
               | [1] https://hn.algolia.com/?query=disambiguate%20burden%2
               | 0by:dan...
        
         | green_on_black wrote:
         | And the opposite is how Nazi Germany rose and continued.
        
         | young_unixer wrote:
         | And who decides which ones are _unjust_?
         | 
         | I think intellectual property laws are always unjust, but most
         | people disagree with me and they probably think that what sci-
         | hub is doing is wrong.
         | 
         | There are probably some murderers out there who think that
         | murder is justifiable in some cases.
        
         | bluesign wrote:
         | I agree that "if laws are considered unjust, it is ok, even
         | noble, to break them." But it is kind of dangerous position at
         | the same time. I am sure, people who stormed the capital are
         | sincerely believe that situation was "Unjust" for them.
        
           | srean wrote:
           | There are nonviolent ways to break the law, usually that
           | suffices. In a democracy/republic it should then come down to
           | the numbers.
        
       | Funes- wrote:
       | Why not host it on I2P, Tor, ZeroNet, etcetera? I'd like to see
       | anyone trying to take it down permanently there.
        
       | Triv888 wrote:
       | Didn't last long?
       | 
       | > sci-hub.hns/ could not be resolved by HNS.to. Please try
       | another Handshake resolver..
        
         | troquerre wrote:
         | Per the announcement tweet [1], HNS.to is just a gateway with
         | limited uptime guarantees. It's much better to connect directly
         | via NextDNS.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://twitter.com/NamebaseHQ/status/1348707701744922625?s=...
        
         | rasengan wrote:
         | It resolves for me! Try installing a handshake resolver
         | directly like hsd [1] for full chain or hnsd [2] for SPV.
         | 
         | [1] https://GitHub.com/handshake-org/hsd
         | 
         | [2] https://GitHub.com/handshake-org/hnsd
        
           | tasuki wrote:
           | http://sci-hub.hns/ resolves for me too, but I get a 503 -
           | Service Unavailable.
        
           | Bancakes wrote:
           | Neither of those have binary releases. I just wanted to
           | install some handshake addon to nextdns and visit sci hub. Is
           | this possible at all or is there non-zero configuration
           | required?
        
             | StavrosK wrote:
             | I enabled Handshake in the NextDNS settings and it resolves
             | fine for me.
        
             | pedro2 wrote:
             | If you have NextDNS just enable Handshake in settings.
        
               | tmoravec wrote:
               | I have NextDNS, enabled Handshake in settings, and still
               | doesn't resolve.
        
               | Nition wrote:
               | If you're on Windows, try flushing your DNS cache. Open
               | the command prompt and type:
               | 
               | ipconfig /flushdns
        
               | Bancakes wrote:
               | It still doesn't open the link to sci hub.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | Didn't work for me either. I'm not that impressed compared with
         | my usual technique of going to the site's Wikipedia page to see
         | how to access it. Works for thing's like Sci Hub, Popcorn Time
         | and the Daily Stormer.
        
           | rrrrrrrrrrrryan wrote:
           | > Daily Stormer
           | 
           | futurama_fry_not_sure_if.jpg
           | 
           | This is actually an awesome tip for sci-hub though that I'll
           | be using.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | Not really a fan but it's a bit of a poster child for 'I
             | disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death
             | your right to say it' discussions. I figure while that's
             | still up there's adequate free speech on the internet.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | Not sure if what? Say it out loud.
             | 
             | Vaguely implying that you're considering a drastic remark
             | about someone else is barely better than an accusation.
             | It's like "no offense, but".
             | 
             | Or if you don't have something specific in mind then just
             | leave it out of the comment.
        
               | rrrrrrrrrrrryan wrote:
               | > It's like "no offense, but"
               | 
               | No offense, but this was a strange micro-rant.
        
       | stevespang wrote:
       | Just tried to download and install handshake. Requires docker.
       | Just tried to download and install docker on windows 7, failed
       | install, requires more stuff.
       | 
       | Opinion: This will never become a realization until these people
       | realize the average Joe is not going to jump through all these
       | hoops just to get an alternative browser up and running. It
       | should be simple and seamless. Less than 1% will bother with all
       | this.
        
         | carlsborg wrote:
         | Get a VirtualBox VM running Linux, and take it from there.
        
         | searchableguy wrote:
         | You can use nextdns.io which has an option to resolve handshake
         | domains.
         | 
         | Other options also provided in the docs:
         | https://learn.namebase.io/starting-from-zero/how-to-access-h...
        
         | C4stor wrote:
         | Does the average Joe really reads articles from sci-hub ? The
         | target public of sci-hub should be able to understand how to
         | install a couple programs imo.
         | 
         | Windows 7 has reached EOL a year ago (minus two days), so yeah,
         | maybe it's not very well supported...
        
           | eythian wrote:
           | Define "average Joe"? I haven't been in academia since I
           | finished university years ago, but I'll sometimes want to do
           | some digging around on some topic and get a lot of mileage
           | out of sci-hub then.
        
           | BelenusMordred wrote:
           | > Does the average Joe really reads articles from sci-hub ?
           | 
           | What a ridiculous statement, do you truly want to live in a
           | world where they can't? Most authors on sci-hub themselves
           | would struggle with containers.
           | 
           | If a mechanic mocked a room full of people for not being able
           | to change their own oil what would you think of them?
           | 
           | Please reconsider such an ideological stance.
        
             | C4stor wrote:
             | Well, no, but they actually can, so it's not the question.
             | 
             | I doubt that most people able to read and publish complex
             | scientitic papers would "struggle" to follow what is
             | overall a one page sequence of instructions to enter in a
             | computer. You don't need to understand containers to run
             | docker.
             | 
             | I don't really get the analogy with the mechanic
             | -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
               | BelenusMordred wrote:
               | > You don't need to understand containers to run docker.
               | 
               | Maybe we live in different worlds but the average (non-
               | cs)professor would very much struggle with this stuff.
               | I've seen some barely being able to use basic programs,
               | they are skilled in very different domains and no one
               | will bat an eyelid if they slowly click on the mouse to
               | copy/paste every day of the week. Rocking the command
               | line is certainly not in their job description for the
               | most part.
               | 
               | Even comp-sci academics do work that is horrendously bad
               | and not even close to what would pass in the workplace
               | for an entry level graduate.
               | 
               | > the analogy with the mechanic
               | 
               | Essentially an adult saying to a group of children "this
               | is so simple for me, what are you a dumbass?"
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rasengan wrote:
         | It doesn't require docker! You can install directly on windows,
         | Mac and Linux [1]. This is how I have it running (for the past
         | 8 months)!
         | 
         | https://github.com/handshake-org/hsd
        
           | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
           | I don't see any Windows installation instructions there.
           | 
           | Is it really that hard to distribute an application? A
           | statically linked executable, or a portable directory with an
           | executable in it. Thousands of projects do it every day. Why
           | do so many developers insist on making a simple thing like
           | actually running their software so complicated?
        
             | throwaway889900 wrote:
             | The installation instructions say to use npm, which is
             | pretty simple? Everything's javascript anyways.
        
         | Jonnax wrote:
         | So I've not had a look at this software before.
         | 
         | I had a look at their website: https://hsd-dev.org/guides/win-
         | install.html
         | 
         | It doesn't say that you require docker. Docker is one of the
         | options.
         | 
         | You could either build it from source using NodeJS or use node
         | JS's package manager NPM to install it.
         | 
         | Docker is a containerisation platform that requires
         | virtualisation support:
         | 
         | https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-windows/install/
         | 
         | The system requirements are as follows:
         | 
         | * Windows 10 64-bit * Hyper-V and Containers Windows features
         | enabled
         | 
         | So of course this method is not going to run on Windows 7 and
         | it clearly has stated so.
         | 
         | Plus it's not a web browser. It's a blockchain DNS.
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | Docker does not work on non-professional versions of Windows.
         | Was very annoying as a student.
         | 
         | EDIT: Seems that progress has lead to this no longer being
         | true.
        
           | oneweekwonder wrote:
           | you can run docker using WSL/WSL2 but you will need to enable
           | hyper-v on win10.
        
             | MattGaiser wrote:
             | Good to know. Glad that was fixed. Thank you.
        
       | dsgriffin wrote:
       | What are the advantages of this compared with ENS (Ethereum Name
       | Service) and Unstoppable Domains?
        
       | harryvederci wrote:
       | I accidentally clicked on the link in a browser without an ad
       | blocker, worst mistake of my life. I forgot what a monstrosity
       | the internet has become...
        
       | xbar wrote:
       | Who should be allowed to charge for peer-reviewed scientific
       | research?
        
         | drocer88 wrote:
         | The copyright holder.
         | 
         | Real problem is a lot of this research is funded by taxpayers
         | and should be public domain.
        
       | aj7 wrote:
       | Why is there so much babbling about Reddit here? It's mainly a
       | porn-sharing site, having taken advantage of the demise of that
       | function at Tumblr. I can't think of a single topic where the
       | Reddit forum is not done better, much better, somewhere else. Am
       | I wrong? Illuminate me. I'm looking for a USE for Reddit.
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | Instead of using this complicated custom thing, you could do
       | something simpler.
       | 
       | Serve an initial website on a regular domain. The website only
       | displays a standard _hosts_ file. Copy and paste it into your
       | local system 's _hosts_ file. Now browse to the site listed in
       | the _hosts_ file.
       | 
       | You can change the domains used in the _hosts_ file at any time,
       | and get real certs for those domains so you can use TLS. If the
       | public browses to the IPs in the hosts file, they 'll get
       | nothing. But someone with the hosts file can see the actual
       | site's content.
       | 
       | This avoids domain takedowns, and allows changing IPs and domain
       | names.
        
       | pdevr wrote:
       | Essentially, isn't this just another domain registrar
       | (Namebase.io) providing a few TLDs, following a much more
       | complicated process, the advantage being a much more solid DNS
       | entry substitute? If you run a high-traffic site, won't you still
       | be at the mercy of hosting providers, CDN providers, etc.?
       | 
       | Related question: Is there a true uncensorable (sic) protocol for
       | hosting a website?
        
         | owlmirror wrote:
         | freenet comes to mind but it's manyyears ago that I've looked
         | into it. the experience than was rather lacking. other means
         | might be an .onion site but I'm sure that a high traffic site
         | is another beast
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | janandonly wrote:
         | Well, I2P and TOR come close, i think...
        
         | rasengan wrote:
         | Handshake and Sia Sky together delivers a decentralized
         | website.
        
       | pradn wrote:
       | The link didn't work for me, which gives me pause about the
       | availability of this technology. For most, simply going to
       | Wikipedia's Sci-Hub page to get the current domain is easy and
       | good enough, as the domain rarely changes.
        
         | troquerre wrote:
         | Did you use the HNS.to gateway or connect directly via NextDNS?
         | Per the announcement tweet [1] the gateway has limited uptime
         | guarantees -- it's much better to connect directly and only
         | takes a few minutes to set up.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://twitter.com/NamebaseHQ/status/1348707701744922625?s=...
        
       | Hizonner wrote:
       | It'd be funny if hns.to got taken down for providing a path to
       | Sci-Hub.
       | 
       | At the root, the problem is trying to use the highly centralized
       | legacy DNS system for purposes contrary to the wishes of those
       | who control that system. To be "uncensorable", you need to change
       | clients to use something other than DNS to resolve names.
       | 
       | Anyway, the property you usually want to abandon for global names
       | is "human-meaningful". Just use key hashes as names. "Human-
       | meaningful" strings should be reserved for local nicknames, for
       | the simple reason that the same string will often have different
       | meanings to different humans, for reasons predating your system
       | and entirely outside of its control. You have no way to guarantee
       | that what you list as "Sci-Hub" is actually what the user thinks
       | she's looking for as "Sci-Hub", and you have even less certainty
       | of that for any less famous name.
        
         | evbots wrote:
         | you only need hns.to if you haven't set up your system to
         | resolve handshake names directly, or (theoretically) use a
         | browser that has support baked in.
         | 
         | It's on Brave Browser's roadmap to resolve handshake DNS
         | directly.
        
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       (page generated 2021-01-12 23:01 UTC)