[HN Gopher] Skynet - Build a Free Internet
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Skynet - Build a Free Internet
        
       Author : thesausageking
       Score  : 236 points
       Date   : 2021-01-10 04:39 UTC (18 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (siasky.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (siasky.net)
        
       | knorker wrote:
       | Is there a tl;dr how this differs from e.g. Freenet?
       | 
       | I mean aside from the "we use blockchain herp derp".
        
         | cyphermoon wrote:
         | Among other things, the blockchain/crypto part ensures hosts
         | and portals have a monetary incentive to host data, making
         | their service scalable and sustainable.
        
       | turblety wrote:
       | If you are using Skynet for your project, I believe you need to
       | run a node, which will require downloading the 23GB [1]
       | blockchain from sia.
       | 
       | I really hope these blockchain based projects can solve the
       | sharding problem. These blockchains are getting so big.
       | 
       | [1] https://siastats.info/blockchain_size
        
         | tromp wrote:
         | Does sharding help a fully verifying node to reduce the
         | bandwidth needed for an Initial Block Download (IBD) ?
         | 
         | Wouldn't it need to very each individual shard?
        
         | noxer wrote:
         | Its a myth that the whole chain is needed. Comes from BTC where
         | you need the chain to recreate all transactions. It has zero
         | practical use. If you would consider the current state of a
         | blockchain to be "wrong" but everyone agreed to move forward
         | anyway you may as well call it "correct" because by definition
         | the majority decides what is right and what not in these
         | systems. So you dont really need to validate the whole chain.
         | All the splits and hard forks are well known and you can only
         | agree or not use that particular chain. The accrual process of
         | validating yourself is moot. Its not like you could find
         | something new by running the exact same code thousands of other
         | ran over that data before you.
         | 
         | Plenty newer DTLs have ditched the chain validation process
         | completely and you can start at any point in time with the
         | ledger state of that time and start going forward to the
         | present. Whether that is years or seconds doesn't really
         | matter. It all depend of whether you have an accentual use case
         | for historical transaction data or not.
         | 
         | This is really important because second generation blockchains
         | have way higher transaction throughput, integrated decentral
         | exchanges (DEX) and other advanced feature that requires way
         | more storage. Some already have reached uncompressed sizes of
         | several TBs for the complete history.
         | 
         | See technical documentation for the XRPL
         | https://xrpl.org/ledger-history.html
        
         | Taek wrote:
         | My cofounder has been working on an upgrade for Sia that
         | switches the core consensus engine to 'utreexo', which uses an
         | accumulator rather than an entire blockchain history to verify
         | new blocks and transactions. This brings down the effective
         | size of the chain for users to just a couple of megabytes for
         | the same history that currently takes 23 GB.
        
           | killerstorm wrote:
           | It would be cool if you can implement a light node (just
           | enough to download files) in a browser extension, so people
           | browse Skynet directly.
           | 
           | Otherwise, if people mostly use web portals, then it's not
           | really free and decentralized, as people are essentially at
           | mercy of portals they use. In fact, if application code
           | itself is served through a portal, it is less secure than
           | normal web.
        
           | Esiason wrote:
           | Note: Taek is the same user that the SiaSetup website (the
           | main source of documentation about the project) is
           | criticizing as "unstable project management". Be warned about
           | this man before sinking any significant amount of personal
           | time or money into this project. Source:
           | https://siasetup.info/concerns-about-sia-and-skynet#banned
        
             | kordlessagain wrote:
             | It's a Software drama!
        
             | dang wrote:
             | We've banned this account. Single-purpose accounts are not
             | allowed on HN, and creating one just to stir up the
             | community against a rival project or (worse) some person is
             | a bad sign. Regardless of who's right in this, there's
             | clearly a pre-existing agenda and probably an internecine
             | conflict being imported to the community here, and that
             | sort of campaign isn't in the spirit of this site.
             | 
             | What would be in the spirit of this site is open,
             | thoughtful critique that explained what the problems or
             | criticisms are so that readers could make up their minds
             | for themselves. "Be warned about this man" is a long way
             | down from that. Please don't do that here, and especially
             | please don't create accounts to do it with.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | cyphermoon wrote:
         | This is incorrect. You don't need to run a Sia node to develop
         | and deploy apps on Skynet. https://sia.tech/docs/#skynet
        
           | killerstorm wrote:
           | The REST API you linked to requires a local node:
           | curl -A "Sia-Agent" "localhost:9980/skynet/portals"
           | 
           | As I understand, there's also a public proxy
           | https://siasky.net/. But being a single domain, it's not
           | decentralized, is it?
           | 
           | So with Skynet, you can either do "easy" or "decentralized",
           | but not "easy and decentralized", right?
        
             | Taek wrote:
             | That's the crazy thing about Skynet. You can do both "easy
             | and decentralized".
             | 
             | For example, let's say you go to
             | https://skyfeed.hns.siasky.net/ and you make an account
             | (SkyFeed is a decentralized alternative to Twitter built on
             | Skynet). You make some posts, follow some people, then
             | siasky goes down.
             | 
             | So now you go to https://skyfeed.hns.skyportal.xyz/ -
             | skyportal is another Skynet portal run by an independent
             | party. When you log into Skyfeed, all of your previous
             | activity is still visible. Your account and all of its
             | information is hosted on the Sia network, which means
             | siasky is nothing more than an access point, and you don't
             | get any penalties as a user for switching access points.
        
               | killerstorm wrote:
               | Sorry, but this is not decentralized at all, as you are
               | at mercy of siasky.net serving you the right code. If
               | siasky.net is compromised it will serve you code which
               | steals the account. This is strictly inferior to normal
               | web, as you need to trust both the app developer and the
               | portal code is served from.
               | 
               | Having multiple mirrors is NOT decentralization.
               | 
               | My criteria for "decentralized web" candidates are:
               | * credentials are managed by a trusted component outside
               | of controls of apps, let alone mirrors       * content
               | integrity is checked before it is used       * switching
               | between nodes happens automatically in
               | background, there should be no SPoF (i.e. if download
               | through node 1 fails client should automatically retry
               | from node 2 and so on).
               | 
               | I don't think you can achieve this without integrating
               | with a browser.
        
               | Taek wrote:
               | We're closer than I think you give us credit. The only
               | major component we're missing is that normal browsers
               | don't have the ability to verify that the portal is
               | serving you the right code - which is of course super
               | important.
               | 
               | Once you have that though, the rest can be done within
               | the webapp itself. Credentials are managed by a separate
               | webapp like https://sky-id.hns.siasky.net/, and some apps
               | already have built in failover to try other portals if
               | one is not responding.
               | 
               | With the advent of utreexo, it's even possible to run
               | full blockchain nodes inside of a webapp. Again you need
               | an integrity check on the code served by the portal, but
               | if you have that you can independently do everything
               | else.
        
               | cyphermoon wrote:
               | The only missing piece is a browser plugin or a dedicated
               | browser that verifies that each piece of content you are
               | served corresponds to the hash you are requesting. This
               | is on the global roadmap, as well as automatic portal
               | switching. The philosophy of the project is absolutely in
               | line with your thinking.
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | Perhaps like the IPFS browser plugin?
        
             | incrudible wrote:
             | That's fine, you can switch if necessary. Like a backup,
             | you don't need decentralization 99.9% of the time, but the
             | 0.1% of time when you need it, it can save your ass.
        
         | nathanganser wrote:
         | We're using them without running our own node :P
        
         | UShouldBWorking wrote:
         | I agree! Ethereum is already to big and too expensive to use. I
         | hold a lot but worry about both BTC and Ethereum. Normal people
         | can no longer use either chain for everyday transactions and at
         | this rate Ethereum will never work as a global computer. To me
         | only Bitcoin Cash and Monero really have their use cases and
         | code sussed out. Sia (and filecoin) work great but both have
         | issues with their insentives, in Sia's case they issue too many
         | coins and it's not profitable to host content.
        
           | chrisco255 wrote:
           | ETH has already solved scalability with Zero Knowledge Proofs
           | and Optimistic Rollups. Some dapps are clocking 2000
           | transactions per second. Also, ETH 2's initial beacon chain
           | has launched and when ETH2 fully rolls out, there will be 64x
           | that available on the network.
        
             | EGreg wrote:
             | Please elaborate.
             | 
             | Also when will ETH2 roll out?
        
               | zelly wrote:
               | It's already out, but most people are still on the eth1
               | chain
        
               | Taek wrote:
               | I think you misunderstand the state that Eth2 is in. It's
               | technically "released", but Eth2 cannot be used to
               | transact. If you move money to Eth2, it must stay in the
               | same wallet/address until more features are rolled out.
               | 
               | Everyone who uses Eth today is still on Eth1 because Eth2
               | is only good for having your coins sit there and
               | accumulate interest.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | And furthermore, it would be years until the actual ETH2
               | is usable, right?
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | No, they are making rapid progress on ETH2. The beacon
               | chain is the root chain for the other 63 shards that will
               | be launched. That is the chain that is currently running
               | in parallel with the ETH1 chain.
               | 
               | See Vitalik's blog on rollups:
               | https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/05/rollup.html
        
               | hobofan wrote:
               | The official estimate[0] is 2022. Given the general track
               | record of their development pace, I'd be surprised if it
               | goes fully live before 2023.
               | 
               | [0]: https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | It says shard chains ship in 2021. They are saying the
               | ETH1 chain will be migrated to proof of stake in 2022.
        
           | random_kris wrote:
           | Hmmm I would backtrack on saying bitcoin cash.. Bitcoin
           | lightning works, is in production and has real usage
        
             | topranks wrote:
             | Lightning network is a joke tbh. It's just gonna be a few
             | large payment processors acting as banks (it can't be
             | decentralised cos the routing will just break.).
             | 
             | As the original post said BCH and Monero are real world
             | ways to transact right now.
             | 
             | Although I figure long term the whole cryptocurrency space
             | will implode (due to greed, infighting, technical problems
             | etc.)
        
             | casi wrote:
             | Theres more bitcoin on ethereum than on lightning.
        
           | cyphermoon wrote:
           | You claim Sia issues too many coins. That is a myth.
           | Inflation in 2021 will be no higher than 7%, declining every
           | year after that. In case you are referring to the total
           | supply, would it make you feel better to move the decimal to
           | the left? Hosts have been saving and serving content since
           | the launch of the Sia network years ago. It is profitable if
           | done at scale. For more information,
           | https://siastats.info/storage_pricing
        
       | newbie789 wrote:
       | I might be entirely wrong but I feel like I've seen multiple
       | projects called Skynet in the past few years. I can't recall any
       | others running currently because some of them might've become
       | defunct and/or I've forgotten about them. I wonder what the
       | appeal of the name is nowadays.
       | 
       | (I have seen Terminator and am familiar with the origins of the
       | name)
       | 
       | I should clarify: It is another company's trademark or whatever
       | as far as I know (again, could be wrong. Don't know how Disney
       | litigates things in this domain).
       | 
       | Again, I could also be wrong about this not being the only thing
       | called Skynet in the past few years.
       | 
       | I welcome responses!
        
       | api wrote:
       | Look it's Sia, the only non-vaporware ICO that quietly shipped a
       | mostly working and usable version of what Filecoin raised 100X
       | more to so far fail to ship (in a usable form).
        
         | Esiason wrote:
         | Sia is also about to initiate a large post-mine which will go
         | directly to cashing out the dev's work on the protocol for the
         | last 6 years. To me a post-mine cashout is worse than a pre-
         | mine ICO because it more closely resembles shady bait-and-
         | switch tactics than being up front about where the money to
         | fund development will come from.
        
       | dt3ft wrote:
       | > Skynet's speeds rival centralized providers and surpass all
       | decentralized offerings. A typical Skynet download starts in
       | under 500 ms and can stream at rates as high as 1 Gbps!
       | 
       | I tried to download the PDF sample on the frontpage and the
       | download never actually started. It kept waiting for the server
       | to begin transmitting the file...
        
         | shaicoleman wrote:
         | Didn't download for me either
        
         | spzb wrote:
         | Tried the mp4. After a wait of 30 seconds or so, it started
         | downloading at about 15 MBit/sec on a 200 MBit/sec broadband
         | connection.
        
           | Taek wrote:
           | 1 gbps us if you are running your own node, when you are on a
           | public node you are sharing the speeds with hundreds of other
           | users
        
         | jbotz wrote:
         | It worked and was essentially instantaneous for me.
        
           | Taek wrote:
           | Europe servers are struggling, US servers are doing fine.
           | We're still building out our load balancing strategy.
        
       | twostorytower wrote:
       | Disclosure: I mined Siacoin for years and have hundreds of
       | thousands of tokens.
       | 
       | Sia is an amazing project with a team who is extremely talented
       | and passionate, but Skynet is the future. They've built a fully
       | decentralized CDN and it's incredible. Ten years from now, I can
       | see it being the norm for startups and maybe even larger
       | companies to use decentralized CDN's like this. I hope Coinbase
       | adds Siacoin for trading soon, since they participated in
       | integrating Rosetta.
        
         | andrew_ wrote:
         | Is it still profitable to mine Siacoin locally?
        
           | tgtweak wrote:
           | No, they've made purpose-built silicon for sia mining and it
           | is no longer viable to mine on general purpose compute. As
           | far as storage mining - it may be. last check (november)
           | filecoin was the most profitable to host your disk space for
           | but required a rediculous amount of compute as well as disk
           | space (latest gen GPUs, 128G ram, near-100% uptime).
        
             | viraptor wrote:
             | It's relatively early days for filecoin though. I suspect
             | that after "we've got space and availability, see?" period,
             | the restrictions for hosting will be relaxed.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jondwillis wrote:
       | How will they reduce the latency? 300-500ms seems about an order
       | of magnitude slower than centralized CDNs.
        
         | Taek wrote:
         | Most of the latency right now is software slowdowns, our
         | production testing suggests that with some more optimization at
         | the software level we should be able to get below 80ms with
         | today's protocol and host network.
         | 
         | That's still not quite where the centralized CDNs are, but the
         | numbers should only get better as the network grows and
         | matures.
        
       | leshokunin wrote:
       | Didn't realize this was built on Sia. Interesting! I used to
       | follow their development closely back in ~2017. I like how this
       | product seems to be pretty straightforward to use. Hope it leads
       | to more.
        
         | jwmoz wrote:
         | Go look at SCBTC daily.
        
           | Taek wrote:
           | The Sia and Skynet projects are focused on achieving a vision
           | of a decentralized future for the Internet. Pumping the token
           | value has never been a priority. SC is a utility token, and
           | you should buy it if you want to use the Sia network.
        
         | nathanganser wrote:
         | To me, Sia and Skynet are the best usecases to make
         | decentralized tech mainstream.
         | 
         | https://skyfeed-beta.hns.siasky.net/#/ is a social media built
         | upon Sia and Skynet :)
        
       | Hnsuz wrote:
       | Skynet is down.. Could this be alternative for Google sensure
       | anyway??
        
       | HDMI_Cable wrote:
       | This sort of seems like a competitor to IPFS, no?
        
         | thesausageking wrote:
         | Yes. One of founders talks about the two problems with IPFS
         | they saw that led them to build it in this comment from a past
         | thread:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24626748
        
           | EGreg wrote:
           | What did they mean:
           | 
           | * Skynet uses a point-to-point protocol rather than a DHT,
           | which not only makes it faster, it's also more robust to
           | abuse. DHTs are pretty famously fragile to things like DDoS
           | and active subversion, and Skynet has been designed to be
           | robust and high performance even when malicious actors are
           | trying to interrupt the network.*
           | 
           | How is P2P used rather than DHT
        
             | Taek wrote:
             | To be a host on Skynet, you have to declare yourself on the
             | Sia blockchain, which means users running a blockchain node
             | (full node or lite node) are able to have a complete and
             | limited list of all the possible hosts on the network. The
             | Skylinks aren't just hashes, they contain a couple bytes
             | extra of information as well.
             | 
             | Between the explicit list of potential hosts and a small
             | amount of hinting in the Skylink, you can narrow down the
             | number of potential places a file is stored to be small
             | enough that you can just ping all of them in parallel with
             | a request for the data. You don't have to do any multi-hop
             | routing to find the data.
             | 
             | This saves latency.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | If the complete list is available, can't anyone simply
               | download it and DDOS the entire network indefinitely?
               | 
               | One of the roles of a good DHT is to localize any DDOS
               | and refuse to propagate it further.
        
             | feanaro wrote:
             | Think about it this way. To be able to find who is hosting
             | the file, we need a mutable shared data structure which can
             | be updated with this information as it changes over time.
             | In IPFS, this is fulfilled by the DHT, whereas in
             | Skynet/Sia the blockchain takes over the role.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | So basically the reverse of Kazaa flooding vs BitTorrent
               | DHT:
               | 
               | https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~srini/15-441/F11/lectures/21-p2p.
               | pdf
               | 
               | I have had to deal with routing when building the
               | Intercoin project. And spoke to several of the teams
               | including at MaidSAFE. One way of selecting nodes from
               | the global network is to have everyone's IP addresses.
               | But them you make the entire network susceptible to DDOS
               | attacks. One of the advantages of an additional search
               | layer (DNS, DHT etc.) on top of IP is that it can
               | mitigate DDOS. The other is if the IP actually changes.
               | 
               | Just one of many discussions about the economics of
               | fetching files: https://safenetforum.org/t/how-does-
               | maidsafe-prevent-ddos-at...
        
       | pentae wrote:
       | So what's stopping an abuser from generating tons of accounts and
       | spamming their network with junk causing everyone to have to host
       | lots of junk data?
        
         | qwantim1 wrote:
         | I hope it's not the T-800[1].
         | 
         | [1]- https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminator_(character)
        
         | Taek wrote:
         | It's a paid network. https://siasky.net/ is free for the
         | moment, but will be switching to a freemium model in the near
         | future. As a portal, siasky will have the ability to ratelimit
         | and block abusers.
         | 
         | If you "abuse" the network using your own node, you will have
         | to pay for everything you upload and download, which means the
         | people storing it won't really think of it as abuse, you're
         | just another paying customer.
        
           | pentae wrote:
           | Thanks for the clarification
        
         | cyphermoon wrote:
         | Cost. If this abuser was running his own Portal node to do so,
         | he would simply be paying hosts to host his junk data. Hosts
         | would be very happy to do so, as they set their own prices.
         | 
         | If this abuser was trying to use a public Skynet portal, the
         | same abuse prevention measures apply as for any other data
         | storage service out there. IP banning, filtering, etc
        
       | snorrah wrote:
       | hey don't call yourself Skynet.
       | 
       | names tainted.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | Well, it does provide a neat explanation for the Terminator
         | franchise: the in-movie Skynet is an advanced version of this
         | Skynet, which decided to conquer humanity because it was
         | trained on data from all the fascists that are bound to flood
         | Skynet with their rhetoric.
        
       | troquerre wrote:
       | We've been using Skynet for all our decentralized web projects at
       | Namebase.io ever since they added Handshake naming support[1] --
       | it's been fantastic. It now takes us days to build things that
       | previously took our intern a month to do. With censorship
       | entering the zeitgeist nowadays I wouldn't be surprised if the
       | next big decentralized social network is build on Skynet.
       | 
       | [1] https://siasky.net/docs/#handshake
        
         | CodeGlitch wrote:
         | > decentralized social network is build on Skynet
         | 
         | AKA email.
         | 
         | If Trump has been kicked off Twitter, there's nothing stopping
         | him from providing an email newsletter where people can sign-up
         | and recieve his crazy ramblings.
         | 
         | Seriously wondering why people don't do this. Perhaps I
         | shouldn't be giving Trump any ideas?
        
           | pbk1 wrote:
           | Don't worry, his newsletter providers are deplatforming him
           | too.[0]
           | 
           | [0] https://disrn.com/news/email-provider-suspends-trump-
           | campaig...
        
             | CodeGlitch wrote:
             | Haha thanks for that.
             | 
             | Although there's nothing stopping him or anyone else
             | running their own email provider.
             | 
             | Which is what is so great about email.
        
               | mod wrote:
               | Until Gmail stops accepting mail from his domain.
               | 
               | Which happens to normal people all the time.
        
               | CodeGlitch wrote:
               | Yes that certainly does happen. Which is why I don't use
               | Gmail :)
        
               | mod wrote:
               | But your friends do.
        
               | Fjolsvith wrote:
               | With huge numbers of people following Trump off of
               | Twitter, FB, et all, expect a huge hit to their stocks.
        
               | CodeGlitch wrote:
               | If the POTUS is not using Gmail, and I'm not either, at
               | which point does Google get to block that?
        
         | Esiason wrote:
         | Be warned of the large post mine coming to SiaCoin soon (the
         | crypto-currency that powers Skynet). Massive inflation is
         | coming to SiaCoin because of this to pay off Skynet Labs as
         | they exit development on the Sia core protocol. David (aka
         | Taek), the original creator, is leaving the Sia project to
         | become a third party dev (working for the new Skynet Labs VC
         | funded company) and will no longer be working on making the Sia
         | core protocol actually work better. Lots of outstanding issues
         | in the Sia core protocol still and with Sia losing their
         | founding dev it raises concerns if the Sia protocol will ever
         | be able to mature. Read more at https://SiaSetup.info (and more
         | specifically https://siasetup.info/concerns-about-sia-and-
         | skynet)
        
           | Taek wrote:
           | The "post mine" is something that has been discussed in the
           | community for many months, and is not something we are hiding
           | - in fact it's stickied at the top of /r/siacoin and has
           | appeared in all of our announcment channels and official
           | newsletters.
           | 
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/siacoin/comments/iox6ly/proposal_th.
           | ..
           | 
           | It is also not correct to say I am "leaving" the Sia project,
           | I will continue to work on Sia and Skynet as I always have,
           | but administrative control over the codebase is being handed
           | over to a non-profit foundation with a mandate of placing the
           | community health and vision as its primary priority.
           | 
           | My own primary responsibility is to the bottom line of my
           | company, and to the extent that Skynet Labs' bottom line is
           | no longer perfectly aligned with the community's interests,
           | we have created a foundation to ensure the community has a
           | voice in how development progresses for the base layer.
           | 
           | I know that the 18,000 word letter you linked raises a lot of
           | concerns about the project - from the history, to the speed
           | of developemnt, to the core codebase, to the new Skynet
           | initiative, to the economic model, to the team behind the
           | project and the leadership behind the project, to the
           | documentation, to the new initiative to hand over the project
           | to the community, to the communtiy itself - but I don't
           | believe the letter was written from a place of good faith,
           | and I don't believe that most of the arguments hold up to
           | scrutiny, especially if you compare the progress and decision
           | making of the Sia project to competitors like Filecoin,
           | Maidsafe, and Storj
        
       | als0 wrote:
       | In layman's terms, how much does this cost?
        
       | 74d-fe6-2c6 wrote:
       | How does Skynet relate to Tim Berners-Lee's Solid project
       | (https://solid.mit.edu/)?
        
       | ghoomketu wrote:
       | I'm asking in earnest but since I'm not very savvy when it comes
       | to blockchain and decentralised internet, can this be used for
       | piracy (movies mp3 etc)? What about really nefarious stuff like
       | CP? Do we know who is responsible and is it possible to report
       | and take down links? Also does running a node involve you in
       | anything unknowingly?
       | 
       | Or does it have nothing to do with anonymity/bullet-proof links
       | and is merely just a very cheap storage?
       | 
       | P.S. Sorry if this sounds like noob questions but i wasn't able
       | to answer it by looking at their homepage.
        
         | cyphermoon wrote:
         | Skynet can be used for any sort of data.
         | 
         | Public facing portals and hosts serving unencrypted data are of
         | course responsible for the content they serve.
         | 
         | People can upload content in two ways: either by using a public
         | facing portal such as siasky.net or by spinning up their own
         | portal client (Sia node) and communicating with hosts directly
         | via the distributed network.
         | 
         | It is possible for individual portals and hosts to take down
         | links and stop serving that content, for example after
         | accepting copyright infringement requests.
         | 
         | It it also possible for anyone to spin up their own portal and
         | keep content pinned as long as any host on the network will
         | accept it. For example, skyportal.xyz is another public portal.
         | Same goes for hosts.
         | 
         | The Skynet (Sia) model aims for thousands and thousands of
         | hosts spread geographically. It becomes extremely difficult to
         | delete any piece of data from the network entirely as long as
         | someone wants to make sure it stays up.
         | 
         | Erasure coding redundancy ensures very high resilience from any
         | single host going offline.
        
           | incrudible wrote:
           | > It is possible for individual portals and hosts to take
           | down links and stop serving that content, for example after
           | accepting copyright infringement requests.
           | 
           | I think this needs to be solved at the protocol level. What
           | if the portal is hosted in a DGAF jurisdiction, but I'm
           | running my node in a different jurisdiction? What forces the
           | _portal_ to keep my interest in mind?
        
             | Taek wrote:
             | As a user you have the ability to control what apps you
             | use, what feeds you use, who you follow, etc.
             | Decentralization doesn't mean it's completely free of
             | moderation, it means users have the ability to pick their
             | moderators and the ability to decide what is allowed on
             | their feed and what is not.
        
               | incrudible wrote:
               | I'm not sure I understand the way it works then.
               | 
               | I was assuming that if I run a node serving content, I do
               | not deal with curating that content at all. I just offer
               | my bandwidth/storage for compensation, like a CDN.
               | 
               | I don't want to be involved in curation or moderation at
               | all, I just don't want to be held liable in case I
               | inadvertently serve something that is illegal in _my_
               | jurisdiction.
        
               | MacsHeadroom wrote:
               | Nodes don't serve content. They serve blocks of encrypted
               | data to other nodes. Portals run a node AND piece
               | together content from blocks received from many nodes
               | THEN serve the content.
               | 
               | You could also piece together content yourself by being
               | your own portal. But running a node does not necessitate
               | running a portal.
        
               | incrudible wrote:
               | Thanks for the explanation. I suppose that's close to how
               | TOR nodes work from a liability standpoint.
        
         | sanxiyn wrote:
         | All files are stored encrypted. You can use it for privacy as
         | well as storing child pornography.
         | 
         | Edit: Above is about Sia. Apparently Skynet is different.
        
           | cyphermoon wrote:
           | That is incorrect. Only files on the basic Sia client are all
           | stored encrypted. Skynet stores all files by default in
           | cleartext. It is up to Skynet users or app developers to
           | ensure files that are uploaded are encrypted client side.
           | 
           | On a side note, child pornography is not the intended or
           | primary use case for Skynet and is condemned by the dev team
           | and the community at large. There is no evidence to suggest
           | anyone is using Sia or Skynet for this type of content, and
           | portal operators aggressively censor such content and report
           | it to authorities.
           | 
           | Skynet is intended for privacy and data ownership while also
           | offering users unprecedented features in terms of portability
           | and composability.
        
             | Taek wrote:
             | It's not really correct to say that Skynet stores all files
             | 'by default in cleartext'. Skynet is a platform for
             | building applications. Whether data is encrypted or
             | cleartext is up to the app developer.
             | 
             | The files uploaded via https://siasky.net/ are cleartext,
             | but the files uploaded via https://skysend.hns.siasky.net/
             | are encrypted. There are also entire dropbox-like apps that
             | are encrypted by default, for example
             | https://marstorage.hns.siasky.net/
             | 
             | Most Skynet usage is app-driven, and therefore whether or
             | not things are "encrypted by default" will depend on the
             | apps that are used.
        
         | drukenemo wrote:
         | Although this is a very fair question, I cannot help but notice
         | that the first thing people associate with the word freedom
         | today is with a negative angle. This is really troubling me, as
         | it used to be a more cherished value.
        
           | marvin wrote:
           | True, unlimited freedom in this sense inevitably means the
           | ethically very worst use cases, because this is the limit of
           | freedom in any society: Material that is illegal and will
           | have the authorities use all reasonable efforts to stop its
           | spread. Whether that's political discussion or CP depends on
           | the society.
           | 
           | If I had asked this question, it would be to gauge how far
           | along the freedom spectrum this service has been designed to
           | operate. There are distribution systems that are capable of
           | even evading the most capable authorities, but their user
           | experience is absolutely horrible.
           | 
           | Any system like this will strike a balance, maybe also
           | designing provisions for removing "material that is _really_
           | bad ". Either out of an ethical obligation, or in order to
           | not risk being shut down wholesale.
           | 
           | A system that was truly free and unlimited, would be the tool
           | of an anarchist. Few people wish the implication of such a
           | technology.
        
           | jstummbillig wrote:
           | I think this maps reasonably well to a rise of both
           | technological abuse and accountability when producing things
           | for the internet now, compared to what it used to be.
        
             | drukenemo wrote:
             | Who control the controllers?
        
               | KMag wrote:
               | One of these days, I'm going to actually sit down and
               | read through Juvenal's Satires[0]. I've read Plato's
               | Republic and Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, but not any of
               | the Roman classics.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satires_(Juvenal)
        
               | oriettaxx wrote:
               | I would skip and opt for Stoics:
               | 
               | "Don't want the world to work like you want it to work.
               | Love how it actually works and you will be happy."
        
               | justtopostthis3 wrote:
               | Until you wake up one morning and realize that all the
               | things you loved about how the world works have changed.
        
             | KMag wrote:
             | Yes, particularly after observing how poorly society is
             | adapting to pervasive social media.
             | 
             | 3-4 years ago, I was nearly a free speech maximalist. I
             | hope we figure out a way to properly educate middle school
             | and high school students about cognitive biases, logical
             | fallacies, statistical fallacies, and other tools needed to
             | properly deal with social media. Right now, society is just
             | adjusting very poorly to the advent of social media.
        
               | talhah wrote:
               | I wish more schools taught us the tools to deal with
               | social media.
               | 
               | At my school we're just given stale advice about
               | cyberbullying and about posting things we'd regret.
               | 
               | People don't even question the legitimacy of things often
               | or think critically about it. It's as if their critical
               | thinking is numbed. I don't know how else to put it, but
               | it's rather interesting.
        
               | marvin wrote:
               | The Internet is like we've suddenly invented sugar,
               | alcohol or firearms, without any of the societal tools to
               | limit its damage. Laws, norms, defense forces, taboos.
               | 
               | It's really something straight out of singularity-related
               | philosophy. A technology with massive benefits and
               | dangers that's rolled out worldwide in only a couple of
               | decades. If you look at social media as a whole, let's
               | say it was in effect a single decade.
               | 
               | I'm sure we'll get a handle on social media eventually,
               | with some damage along the way. But the underlying
               | driver, fast technological change, won't disappear. This
               | is not the last time we'll get into similar trouble.
        
           | Closi wrote:
           | I think it's because people end up asking "what can I
           | functionally do on this platform that I can't functionally do
           | on another platform", and it's easier to think of these
           | 'negative' examples.
        
         | Proven wrote:
         | > can this be used for piracy (movies mp3 etc)? What about
         | really nefarious stuff like CP?
         | 
         | How can it be private if it's possible to check what the
         | content contains? If it's private you can't tell which network
         | packet contains CP and which cat videos.
         | 
         | > Do we know who is responsible and is it possible to report
         | and take down links?
         | 
         | How can you report it if you haven't viewed it? If you've view
         | it and then report it, how do you think would that work out for
         | you?
         | 
         | > Also does running a node involve you in anything unknowingly?
         | 
         | If it's censorship-free then you serve all content unknowingly.
        
       | phreack wrote:
       | I had zero knowledge of what any of this was (Sia, Skynet, etc),
       | tried looking it up on the page but the technical terms were too
       | many and there was no glossary I could find. So I started
       | searching, read the Readme on Sia's project on Gitlab, and then
       | came upon this website [1] which harshly demonizes both Sia and
       | Skynet due to maintainers banning a critic, and allegedly being
       | generally toxic.
       | 
       | This is very much not a good look at all for the whole thing, and
       | I suggest the developers should both solve this problem amicably
       | ASAP, and also add very clear 'WHAT THIS IS AND HOW IT WORKS'
       | links on every page related to the project, with many real world
       | examples of how/why use this and with nearly no use of specific
       | jargon that's not introduced clearly during explanations.
       | 
       | [1] https://siasetup.info/guides/using-skynet
        
         | dghelm wrote:
         | For a more accessible description of what sia & skynet do,
         | https://siastats.info/sia101 is a good starting place.
        
           | Esiason wrote:
           | https://siastats.info/sia101 is a nice newbie guide to Sia
           | and Skynet but the more technical guides and troubleshooting
           | knowledge exists at https://siasetup.info
        
       | zaptheimpaler wrote:
       | Why is this free? Who is paying the Sia nodes to store the data?
        
         | forgot_old_user wrote:
         | How much does it cost?
        
         | cyphermoon wrote:
         | Portal and renter nodes pay hosts for the data in Siacoin.
         | These payments are managed by file contracts that renters and
         | hosts agree on and sign cryptographically. These contracts
         | involve periodic verification that the data is being hosted.
         | Failure to verify involves an automatic financial loss for
         | hosts.
        
       | ranguna wrote:
       | Am I the only one that can't download the examples, it just gets
       | stuck. Also the dapp example throws me a json saying that skynet
       | is blocked.
        
         | Taek wrote:
         | Are you in Europe by any chance? We haven't finished setting up
         | load balancing yet and the Europe server is getting hit really
         | hard right now.
         | 
         | The dapp sample was blocked because it was mistaken for a
         | phishing attempt (it's the Uniswap frontend) and Namecheap
         | required us to block the link. Sloppy of us not to change the
         | link to an unblocked example, we'll do that on Monday. In the
         | meantime, here's a dapp sample:
         | https://marstorage.hns.siasky.net/
        
       | mortenjorck wrote:
       | It's only a matter of time before this project gets a cease &
       | desist from Disney.
       | 
       | (Disney owns 20th Century Studios, formerly 20th Century Fox,
       | owner of the Terminator franchise.)
        
         | aszantu wrote:
         | they could call it skynettery afterwards xD
        
         | Taek wrote:
         | We get somewhere between dozens and hundreds of DMCA's per
         | week, and we comply with all of them. We can't actually take
         | content off of Skynet itself (similar to how you can't actually
         | take content off of IPFS), but we can have our portal
         | (https://siasky.net) refuse to serve content with known-
         | infringing or known-abusive hashes.
        
           | KMag wrote:
           | GP was joking about the name of the project itself infringing
           | on Disney trademarks, but (as a peer notes) Fox/Disney hasn't
           | registered a trademark on Skynet.
        
         | lgats wrote:
         | Several trademarks exist for skynet, none are registered
         | to/owned by Disney https://uspto.report/Search/Skynet
        
       | LockAndLol wrote:
       | Can somebody explain what the difference between this and IPFS
       | is? I see block chain mentioned so I assume you pay for storage
       | but that page just allows you to upload anything right away
       | without payment. Is this actually an alternative to FileCoin?
       | 
       | https://ipfs.io
       | 
       | https://filecoin.io
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | RMPR wrote:
       | After skimming a bit, I don't see how they plan to deal with
       | abuse. Especially if there's no size limitation on files.
        
         | tmikaeld wrote:
         | There seems to be a lot of issues other than that.
         | 
         | https://siasetup.info/concerns-about-sia-and-skynet
         | 
         | "Sia hosts have always had questionable liability over what
         | they store as hosts. These concerns are likely to amplify with
         | Skynet, where a host may hold a whole unencrypted file and
         | serve it to a portal or public users, exposing the host as
         | being the one that holds a file that may infringe copyright or
         | be illegal in some other way."
        
           | Taek wrote:
           | I am not a lawyer and this is not legal advice, but most
           | jurisdictions have strong protections for providers hosting
           | third party content so long as the providers are not aware
           | that the content is problematic. If a provider is notified
           | that there is problematic content on their machine, they have
           | an obligation to take it down in a reasonable timeframe.
           | 
           | Sia hosts already have tooling for complying with DCMAs and
           | abuse notices. To the best of my knowledge, no Sia host has
           | yet received one, but we are prepared for when that moment
           | happens.
           | 
           | Most of the rest of the issues in that letter are overstated
           | and ungenerous. Sia/Skynet is an early project, with a small
           | team and a limited budget. Of course it is not as polished as
           | its centralized alternatives, but if you compare to better
           | funded projects like Storj and Filecoin, I believe it's very
           | difficult to say in good faith that our team is not up for
           | the task.
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | > I am not a lawyer and this is not legal advice, but most
             | jurisdictions have strong protections for providers hosting
             | third party content so long as the providers are not aware
             | that the content is problematic.
             | 
             | We cannot rely on that continuing to be the case. Neither
             | Trump nor Biden want Section 230 to keep going as it is.
        
         | cyphermoon wrote:
         | Portals and hosts manage abuse reports. It is their
         | responsibility to filter content. Of course, anyone can spin up
         | their own portal and pin content that is being censored.
         | However, that is their private business. No low size limitation
         | on files is a feature, not a bug. Files on public portals are
         | currently kept for 90 days on a best effort basis. If you want
         | to make sure your files stay pinned, you will soon be able to
         | sign up for a paid account.
        
         | Taek wrote:
         | We're just finishing up the database code to handle this, but
         | most Skynet portals intend to operate on a freemium model. If
         | you use Skynet for free, you get a certain amount of storage
         | and a ratelimit on your usage of the platform, and if you
         | upgrade to a flat monthly fee you get more storage and better
         | access speeds.
        
       | qwantim1 wrote:
       | Another thing named Skynet?[1]
       | 
       | [1]- https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skynet
        
         | KMag wrote:
         | Maybe they should rename it to YATNS/Yet Another Thing Named
         | Skynet?
        
       | miki123211 wrote:
       | What's the difference between Sia and Skynet? This is the point
       | that confuses me most.
       | 
       | I thought Sia is the low-level layer and Skynet is the high-level
       | layer, but one of the comments says that Sia encrypts data and
       | Skynet doesn't, so that makes no sense.
       | 
       | Too many names that aren't clearly explained in a very obvious
       | place is a plague that many otherwise cool projects suffer from.
        
         | dghelm wrote:
         | Yeah, there's actually organizational changes happening to help
         | remedy this. At risk of over-simplifying: - Sia is the
         | blockchain project that lets renters and hosts create a market
         | for storage space. (using SiaCoin as the cryptocurrency) -
         | Skynet uses this market to provide a data backend for a web
         | ecosystem for developers and users. They access the ecosystem
         | through "portals," which are actually just specialized hosts on
         | the sia network.
         | 
         | Data on the Sia network is encrypted at a storage layer (as
         | part of splitting it up to send it to hosts), but Skynet files
         | are accessible to anyone who has its hash (portals, ISP, etc
         | could see this info when you access the URL). The file contents
         | are not encrypted by default because they're meant to be
         | widely-accessible, but you can encrypt files on the client-side
         | before sending the, to Skynet, which is what
         | https://skysend.hns.siasky.net/ and some other projects do.
        
         | Esiason wrote:
         | Documentation about Sia and Skynet can be found at
         | https://SiaSetup.info in the "Learn" subsection.
        
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