[HN Gopher] Pesticide believed to kill bees is authorised for us...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Pesticide believed to kill bees is authorised for use in England
        
       Author : montalbano
       Score  : 261 points
       Date   : 2021-01-09 15:33 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | The pesticide was banned by the EU 2 years back. Is there any
       | evidence bees numbers have resurged? I'd be happy to keep this
       | banned, I'm just asking...
        
         | oxfordmale wrote:
         | From the link below, at least the effect on bumble bees is
         | clear cut:
         | 
         | The impact of neonicotinoids on bumble bees is more in
         | agreement. The majority of lab, semi field, and field studies
         | report negative implications of neonicotinoids. Of four field
         | studies investigating bumble bees [23-26], three report such
         | effects [23, 25, 26]. These bees are about 2-3 times more
         | sensitive than honey bees to neonicotinoid toxicity [13, 27,
         | 28].
        
           | riffraff wrote:
           | But the question here was different: did the ban produce any
           | measurable effect in the two years since it has been
           | established?
           | 
           | For example, we may have replaced neonicotinoids with massive
           | use of something else, causing even worse problems.
           | 
           | My guess would be that we just don't have the data, but it's
           | an interesting question.
        
         | AdrianB1 wrote:
         | It is not the only factor impacting the bees and the impact is
         | not even quantified, so it is very hard to measure the results
         | in uncontrolled environment (in nature). I think the bee
         | populations are still in danger, ban or not.
        
       | Thorrez wrote:
       | I don't understand why this article is mentioning Brexit as if
       | it's related. It says 11 countries have done this, including EU
       | countries Belgium, Denmark and Spain. Therefore this appears
       | unrelated to Brexit.
        
       | emayljames wrote:
       | I don't trust the current UK government one shred, but there is a
       | very small chance it is just for this emergency use to stop that
       | sugar beet virus.
        
         | dwardu wrote:
         | Was there ever a government that was really that trustworthy?
         | We've been losing our freedoms for a while now.
        
           | mnd999 wrote:
           | Not sure everyone would agree with that the main job of
           | government is to grant you more freedom. Careful regulation
           | is just as important imho.
        
       | pkaye wrote:
       | Why can't they use a non neonicotinoid pesticide instead?
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Can you name one that works and isn't worse?
        
           | pkaye wrote:
           | It was a rhetorical question. These countries where pushing
           | for all these pesticide bans without identifying safer
           | alternatives. Perhaps instead of banning it, maybe limited
           | use for specific cases while promoting the research of
           | alternatives.
        
       | 40four wrote:
       | I'm not really sure yet how I feel about this particular case of
       | temporary emergency authorization (which is omitted from the
       | title). I get the chemicals were banned for good reason, but in
       | this case they are trying to prevent a whole commodity sector
       | from collapsing. Tough situation to be in.
       | 
       | The larger issue to me is how warped the debate around saving
       | bees and pollinators has become. I get very frustrated every time
       | I read articles on this topic, because I feel like the way it is
       | presented is very misleading.
       | 
       | It's always presented in a way that makes it seem like these
       | large farms are dependent on 'wild' bees and pollinators. They
       | make it sound like the only thing that matters is our use of evil
       | chemicals, and if you support their use the. You are a piece of
       | shit who doesn't care about the earth.
       | 
       | In reality, large commercial mono crop farms depend on bee
       | keepers who provide their hives as a service. Their bees are the
       | ones dying en mass, not wild bee populations. You're not going to
       | find many wild bees or anything else for that matter in these
       | areas, the biome doesn't support them.
       | 
       | Mono-croping as a practice is an environmental disaster just by
       | it's nature. There is no biodiversity by design. This in turn
       | makes pests and diseases that harm the beehives brought in by
       | beekeepers that much worse. Then of course, add large scale
       | chemical application on top of that and we've created a huge
       | mess.
       | 
       | So really, when you see these articles claiming huge percentages
       | of bees dying, they aren't wrong. They are just being
       | purposefully misleading about _which_ bees are dying. It is the
       | bees brought in by the "Beekeepers as a service", not wild bees.
       | 
       | As bad as that is, there is the good thing to remember. Those are
       | 'farmed' bees. We can always farm more bees. That might be a hard
       | challenge for the beekeepers, but it's not the same thing as all
       | the wild bees in the world dying and everyone starving to death.
       | We need to stop confusing the topic with wild bees.
        
         | lwhi wrote:
         | Both things could be true.
         | 
         | Surely investment in monocrops is affecting wild bee
         | population?
         | 
         | If the pesticides affect farmed bee populations, why shouldn't
         | they in term have the same affect on wild bees? Isn't their
         | physiology going to be the same (or very similar)?
         | 
         | I don't understand what you're trying to say?
        
         | alsetmusic wrote:
         | I was with you for a lot of this post. However, I'm curious how
         | one can say that "Beekeepers as a service" are harmed and not
         | wild bees. How would wild bees be distinct from harm? It's not
         | like a virus that harms humans distinguishes populations. How
         | does this harm one group and not the other?
        
           | iguy wrote:
           | I think the complaint is that many of the dramatic bee-
           | decline stories are, without mentioning it, just about rent-
           | a-hive services. It seems dishonest to present as evidence of
           | an environmental catastrophe a particular business problem.
           | 
           | However, as you say, there are real concerns about wild
           | insect declines, and the same chemicals surely kill both.
           | These are what should get airtime.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | tchalla wrote:
         | Monoculture is a high risk strategy for every facet of life -
         | farms, investments, gene pools, markets etc. I feel you - I
         | wish we talked about implications and made an explicit
         | risk/reward trade off for any such decision.
        
           | antihero wrote:
           | One could argue that this stems in fact from the division of
           | labour itself.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | kurthr wrote:
         | I see your position, and I agree that the problem is more
         | complex than just pesticides are bad, but it's also more
         | complex than saving sugar beets. If this were an invasive
         | species (like murder hornets or malarial mosquitos) problem
         | that could be stopped before it started or a temporary measure
         | to prevent life and death (rather than wealth accumulation) for
         | a significant number of people, I'd have more sympathy.
         | 
         | Application to sugar beets is expected to increase crop yields
         | 13% on a non-critical crop, for a commodity (sugar) that can be
         | easily imported. The virus problem won't ever go away. So this
         | just sounds like subsidizing a particular local agricultural
         | industry, because it's having a hard time competing right now.
         | Will that ever change, why not choose bees or wildflowers over
         | sugar beet farmers? Is it just because they can pay for
         | lobbyists or positive news coverage?
         | 
         | Furthermore, it sounds an awful lot like the massive use of
         | (the most advanced) anti-biotics in cattle feed lots to
         | increase meat yield. That builds up immunity so that those last
         | line of defense drugs are no longer useful to treat humans with
         | deadly diseases. The key here is that there will be a state of
         | permanent emergency where some new poison is always needed to
         | keep profits at their previous artificially high level.
         | 
         | If the local industry can't compete, and it's not necessary
         | other than for a small group's continued profit, maybe it's
         | time to move on. The alternative is a possibly long term loss
         | of pollinators (because the insecticide goes down streams) and
         | the development of stronger/larger reservoirs of mites, moths,
         | molds that could permanently affect all pollinators in England.
        
           | martinald wrote:
           | But what percentage of UK land is used for growing sugar
           | beet? It must be a small fraction. How many bees are actually
           | going to be in the vicinity of this? I can't see it being a
           | large amount.
           | 
           | Regarding "we can just import it", well yes, but if everyone
           | took that opinion then there wouldn't be any farming anywhere
           | eventually.
        
             | kurthr wrote:
             | Sugar beets are only grown where cane is not a viable crop,
             | but end-end they are typically about 2-3x the cost of
             | production. Beet sugar is an awful ecological and economic
             | choice created by putting taxes on the importation of cane
             | sugar. To the extent that it is pure sucrose (and I'm not
             | aware of any alcohols made from beets like rum is from
             | molasses) there isn't any difference in the product either.
             | The US pioneered the protection of the sugar industry with
             | >100% tariffs (EU has followed) and thus they have the
             | world's largest sugar beet industry... for little political
             | reason other than protectionism for a Florida (or German
             | dominated) industry.
             | 
             | don't know if you should trust this link, but it's a decent
             | paper:
             | https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/7000/files/cp02zi02.pdf
             | 
             | p.s. The paper ends in the late 90s although little has
             | changed other than the closing of the US cane industry in
             | Hawaii.
        
               | choeger wrote:
               | I might be wrong about this, as I don't work in the
               | agrarian industry, but I think where I come from, beets
               | were grown as an alternative to wheat, etc., to replenish
               | the soil.
        
         | GordonS wrote:
         | I don't know where you're from, but for our US readers it might
         | be worth pointing out that large farms in the UK are nowhere
         | near the size of "large" farms in the US.
         | 
         | I've also never heard of "bees as a service" here, though I
         | know it exists in the US.
         | 
         | For reference, I'm not a farmer, but live in the British
         | countryside.
        
         | stinos wrote:
         | You make a very good point, but your post reads a bit too much
         | like 'wild bees are fine'. I think you know what follows, but
         | just for completeness and for other readers: they aren't, _at
         | all_ , just like insects in general (the numbers are so
         | unbelievably insane I'm nog even going to look up the latest
         | one but just say '70% decrease in the last couple of decades'
         | and it will be ballpark correct, unfortunately). And unlike the
         | domestic bees they cannot be bred (or at least not easily).
         | Pesticides likely also play a role in there, small perhaps,
         | habitat loss is estimated to be the main factor. Which mono-
         | crops also is the key player in of course; not just because
         | those fields are no habitat but also because upscaling leads to
         | destroying the surroundings, and so on.
        
         | Jefff8 wrote:
         | I don't think that brought in bee keeping exists very much in
         | the UK. I live near the edge of fields, in a semi-rural
         | setting. I've never seen it. I have see plenty of wild bees and
         | bee hives.
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | The sugar beet farmers groups have been trying to get emergency
         | authorisation ever since the pesticides were banned. I feel
         | like it isn't a sustainable situation and these farmers unions
         | are either misleading or foolish if they believe these measures
         | will be both temporary and successful. They also seem to have a
         | weird line about the zeitgeist against refined sugar (maybe the
         | article mentions this as a reference to honey but honey bees
         | aren't so badly affected by this chemical as bumble bees are)
         | as if they are suggesting they aren't producing refined sugar
         | and that they are some important part of the future desired by
         | the people who support the neonicotinoid ban.
        
         | TeaDrunk wrote:
         | Wild bee populations have _also_ dropped like a stone and that
         | is also worth worrying for.
        
       | okaybsdk wrote:
       | England already can't get over with new strain of covid, they
       | will soon be under crisis of unprecedented hurdles, let's hope
       | for the best of bees.
        
       | NikolaeVarius wrote:
       | The article title purposefully leaves out the "emergency use
       | authorization" part in order to drum up anger. I think that part
       | should be put in.
       | 
       | 11 other countries have joined in the emergency authorization so
       | its not just a UK thing.
       | 
       | This is not a pro/against post about Thiamethoxam. The studies
       | seem a bit divided, and the UK banned out of abundance of caution
       | from a European Food Safety Authority study, versus a larger
       | global study.
        
         | rdiddly wrote:
         | I do agree with you, but I also think an appropriate measure of
         | skepticism should be applied to all "emergencies" as well.
         | People do all sorts of stupid counter-productive things when
         | they're all freaked-out and not thinking straight because of an
         | "emergency." And people in a position to create or exaggerate
         | emergencies will do so cynically in order to manipulate an
         | otherwise non-compliant public into accepting all sorts of
         | stuff that's against their interests.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | "emergency use authorization"'s tend to be renewed, and
         | renewed, and finally made permanent...
        
           | rriepe wrote:
           | It's worth the anger.
        
         | Chris2048 wrote:
         | I saw the title and immediately thought "is this gonna be BS".
         | Turns out yes.
        
           | lwhi wrote:
           | How's it been shown to be BS?
        
             | Chris2048 wrote:
             | It fails to mention the authorizations are "Emergency
             | authorizations", thereby omitting relevant information to
             | make the title more click-baity
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | Emergency authorizations often end up being permanent.
               | Claiming that the entire premise of the article doesn't
               | hold water because it's an "emergency" authorization is
               | to completely ignore how emergency authorizations work in
               | practice.
        
           | atoav wrote:
           | Depends on the definition of "emergency". Surely the torries
           | will hold their promise and enforce stricter nature
           | protection standards than the EU -- absolutely no doubt about
           | it given their track record both when it comes to
           | environmental protection and to keeping promises.
        
           | vixen99 wrote:
           | Reading https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2903/
           | j.efsa.... and
           | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/114256v1.full.pdf
           | (for instance - & many more) doesn't suggest BS to me but
           | others can make up their own minds.
        
       | Pfhreak wrote:
       | I'm not educated in this area, but could they not use other
       | methods to stem the reach of the virus? For example, are there
       | other crops they could grow for a time until the viral amounts
       | dropped lower?
        
       | toiletfuneral wrote:
       | The extinction of honey bees is just a massive opportunity for a
       | entrepreneurs.
       | 
       | Honestly why do we even fake that we give a shit anymore? Capital
       | won, nature lost. Just turn the entire planet into Shenzhen and
       | be done with it.
        
       | Shorel wrote:
       | This is also a consequence of Brexit and the UK aligning with the
       | USA corporate interests.
        
         | kcartlidge wrote:
         | Personally I'd rather the sugar beet was sacrificed, not the
         | bees.
         | 
         | That said, this is absolutely nothing to do with Brexit -
         | unless Belgium and the Netherlands also left the EU without us
         | noticing. The UK is neither the first nor the only country
         | doing it.
         | 
         | That doesn't make it right, but it does make the Guardian's
         | slant wrong (and I speak as a Guardian reader).
        
         | bearbin wrote:
         | Hardly, similar emergency authorizations have been applied in
         | other EU countries, in actuality these exemptions were applied
         | last year and the UK is late in doing this... Not sure how the
         | EU really comes into this at all.
         | 
         | https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/news/pesticides-efsa-examine-e...
        
           | Panoramix wrote:
           | It's not quite the same to lift the ban entirely (UK) than to
           | give individual, temporary exemptions to farmers that have
           | difficulties for whatever reason.
           | 
           | edit:Welp, I can't read. Seems it's also temporary emergency
           | use.
        
             | detaro wrote:
             | The article clearly describes it as being an emergency
             | authorization just like in other countries?
        
           | iguy wrote:
           | It comes in because the subheading and first paragraph are
           | carefully written to capture brexit-inflamed eyeballs.
           | 
           | They do later tell you "11 countries to allow emergency use
           | of the product" and "The UK ... joined EU countries including
           | Belgium, Denmark and Spain in signing emergency
           | authorisations", but easy to miss on the first skim.
           | 
           | That doesn't of course imply that it's a great idea. A 25%
           | decline in PS18m worth of sugar doesn't really sound like a
           | big enough deal, but maybe localized short-term use of
           | chemical weapons also isn't such a big deal, I don't know?
        
         | learnstats2 wrote:
         | That's what the headline is trying to imply; yet, the article
         | makes it clear that other EU countries have equally granted
         | emergency authorisations, within EU provisions for doing so.
        
         | tw04 wrote:
         | Are they though? Bayer bought Monsanto a couple years ago. They
         | seem to be aligning themselves with German corporate interest
         | on this one. There doesn't appear to be a US source of the
         | chemical anymore:
         | 
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-07/bayer-clo...
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonicotinoid
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | Bayer bought Monsanto along with extensive internal
           | discussions with legal on the liabilities facing Monsanto
           | with RoundUp and these adverse findings on some pesticides.
           | Yet, there are human beings who will use stealth and
           | obscurity to sign these approvals and take the money home.
           | 
           | Those who profit are not those who are harmed -- is this not
           | crystal clear that politics must resolve toxic (and highly
           | profitable) chemical industry practices ?
        
       | shaolinspirit wrote:
       | wow, this was my favourite black mirror episode!
        
       | quattrofan wrote:
       | So let me get this right 18m is more than the cost to us from the
       | loss of bees? Really?!
        
         | Jweb_Guru wrote:
         | Externalities are not priced correctly by the market.
        
       | Sudophysics wrote:
       | A society of advanced apes with a penchant for destroying their
       | environment decides that a species that is necessary for their
       | survival is better off dead because they don't care for a weird
       | thing called science.
        
         | CameronNemo wrote:
         | I don't think the UK wants the bee species dead. I think
         | we/they just take for granted the resiliency of the environment
         | we live in.
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | More like: I don't think the UK wants the bee species dead. I
           | think business interests just want money now more.
        
           | martamorena2 wrote:
           | That, or they reason that if they live in a house that's
           | burning down, adding another flame won't make a difference.
        
         | Anon1096 wrote:
         | Smugly declaring that your side is based in the "science" and
         | the other side isn't doesn't automatically make it true. The
         | question of whether to allow a pesticide that kills bees is a
         | public policy question, not one of science, though science can
         | certainly be used to inform decisions.
        
           | lwhi wrote:
           | Public policy?
           | 
           | Which world are you living in?
           | 
           | Sooner or later it becomes a question of survival.
        
         | beaconstudios wrote:
         | Arguably it's the success of science that has allowed us to
         | destroy our environment. Back in the middle ages we didn't have
         | much leverage over nature.
         | 
         | The problem we have is that there's lots of us and we're pretty
         | insatiable.
        
         | vcdimension wrote:
         | Honey bee's are not native to Britain, and are not in any
         | danger of disappearing because, like chickens, sheep, cows, and
         | other livestock, we control their population; when demand or
         | price of honey bee's is high beekeepers produce more, when it
         | is low they produce less:
         | https://www.acsh.org/news/2018/04/17/bee-apocalypse-was-neve...
        
           | reportingsjr wrote:
           | Not sure how you came to that conclusion after reading that
           | article. It states that honeybees (Apis mellifera) possibly
           | originated in Asia and spread to Africa and Europe about
           | 300,000 years ago.
           | 
           | Additionally, it is likely that honeybees are native to
           | Britain: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250278609_A
           | re_honey...
           | 
           | The greater issue here though is that if honeybees are
           | affected, there are likely many other bee species and insects
           | that are affected that we _aren't_ protecting.
        
         | gpvos wrote:
         | I guess I agree with you in general, but you're simplifying the
         | issue so badly that you still deserve my downvote.
        
         | ineedasername wrote:
         | We'd rather have cheap sweet things than expensive sweet
         | things. Then we'll come up with a cheap solution for the
         | consequences that causes even more problems, and on and on.
         | 
         | It seems like most of the problems we have as a society are
         | because we choose expedient solutions rather than careful
         | solutions to problems.
        
           | liaukovv wrote:
           | This approach appears to work since we thrive as a species.
        
             | Technically wrote:
             | What are you comparing us to? We don't have a control group
             | for intelligent species.
        
               | liaukovv wrote:
               | Why do you consider intelligence somehow special over big
               | teeth or ability to change color at will?
        
           | rubicon33 wrote:
           | Vote with your dollar and buy organic. It's not cheap, but it
           | sends a message.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | Chris2048 wrote:
         | Advanced ape fails to RTFA
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | If we could only remember the old "Four Pests"[1] campaign. Ah,
         | grand old optimistic campaigns of the triumph of people over
         | nature!
         | 
         | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Pests_Campaign
        
       | saiya-jin wrote:
       | I've caught a few news here & there since Brexit started coming
       | about GB receding from say higher foot safety/quality standards
       | (because of US pressure in that specific article), and then some
       | pesticides articles including this. Is this just a random noise
       | or does generally EU has higher standard for environment & food
       | safety compared to where UK is heading?
        
         | ricardonunez wrote:
         | The EU does have higher standards and have more regulation than
         | the US. The UK will set their own now, which they can lighten
         | up.
        
           | BlueTemplar wrote:
           | Except in this case some of the other EU countries have
           | allowed the same (?) already a year ago.
        
         | kcartlidge wrote:
         | Nothing to do with Brexit. Belgium and the Netherlands are
         | doing the same, along with many other countries.
         | 
         | I don't agree with it (modern sugar use is evil), but it has
         | nothing to do with lowering food and safety standards as, as
         | mentioned, some EU countries have done the same.
        
       | billiob wrote:
       | It is like in France, there shouldn't be that much of an issue.
       | Iirc, the use of use of neonicotinoid on beet is with coated
       | seeds. Then, the beets are harvested way before they even produce
       | a flower thus the bees will not pollinate such infected plants.
        
         | armedpacifist wrote:
         | This isn't about neonics specifically, it's about a range of
         | pesticides that are being used. Again, it doesn't affect only
         | honey bees. Honey bees exist in an ecosystem of pollinators of
         | which they contrive only a small percentage.
         | 
         | There's also the fact that neonics ao. are persistent for at
         | least a couple of years, affecting the crops after the one for
         | which they were originally intended. That is why along with
         | temporarily allowing certain pesticides, certain crops are
         | being prohibited or enforced as a follow up crop.
         | 
         | It gets complicated pretty quickly. Laissez-faire indeed...
        
         | stinos wrote:
         | There could be other things at play though than pollinating or
         | not. I know the coating was presented as better than just
         | spraying around etc, and is is, but it's not like it ends
         | there. Neonicotinoids are water soluble so some of it will end
         | up in the soil and from theere might leak to surface water.
         | Effects of that are all known yet, but it's not all looking
         | good. Not saying there are problems for bees, just that seed
         | coating could well be more than 'not much of an issue'.
        
       | turbinerneiter wrote:
       | Here is what I learned about this particular pesticide, from my
       | cousin, who is a farmer who also sometimes plants sugar beets.
       | 
       | 1. This particular pesticide comes in the form of a pill, which
       | is planted with the seed.
       | 
       | 2. It is very targeted on a particular pest (german name is
       | Rubenrusselkafer).
       | 
       | 3. Without it, the whole field will be lost.
       | 
       | 4. The replacement is a conventional broad band pesticide. It
       | kills everything. He said that after using it once, when he
       | walked the field he saw all kinds of dead bugs and worms - which
       | are kinda important for the soil as well. He said "farming like
       | this makes no sense" and stopped growing sugar beets.
       | 
       | The real killer however is this:
       | 
       | 5. Sugar beets do not blossom.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | Thanks for this insight.
        
         | to11mtm wrote:
         | Soo....
         | 
         | Please correct me if I'm misunderstanding this.
         | 
         | If they don't blossom, Bees will not really pick them up from
         | the sugar beets. i.e. this isn't like using the pesticide on a
         | flowering plant where the bees will be picking up the chemical.
         | 
         | Interesting?
         | 
         | It still seems there would still be some overall impact on
         | groundwater to some level, as well as risks if the crop is
         | planted in rotation with a different crop.
        
           | turbinerneiter wrote:
           | Exactly.
           | 
           | I have no clue whether or not, and how, the bees will pick up
           | this poison from this application. Maybe it gets diluted and
           | never harms bees. Maybe it still gets out and to them.
           | 
           | I tried to look for papers and the first two I found came to
           | opposing conclusions and both of them looked sketchy af.
        
       | tengbretson wrote:
       | This is highly concerning news.
        
       | fiftyacorn wrote:
       | I read it was the sugar industry driving this, and it's worth
       | noting the first brexit minister was an executive for one of the
       | sugar companies before he became a mp
        
       | jcampbell1 wrote:
       | Neonics were blamed for colony collapse disorder even though
       | there was zero evidence and bees that die due to pesticides are
       | found dead on the ground below the hive. IIRC, CCD had a
       | migration pattern that was exactly what one would expect from the
       | spread of a disease or parasite and had zero in common with an
       | environmental toxin.
       | 
       | The title is accurate depending on what "believed" means. I
       | suppose I gave my kid vaccines believed to cause autism.
        
         | armedpacifist wrote:
         | CCD doesn't have one single cause. Due to a plethora of factors
         | (monocultures, neonics and other -icides, irresponsible use of
         | antibiotics, ignorant beekeeping methods, ... ) the bee
         | population is weakened, clearing the way for parasites like the
         | varroa mite to strike the final blow.
        
       | g8oz wrote:
       | From the Pollinator Network @ Cornell:
       | 
       | https://pollinator.cals.cornell.edu/threats-wild-and-managed...
        
       | icefrakker wrote:
       | Nice to see the UK get its head out of its rear - sugar
       | production is the future of the UK's economy. The 3000 sugar beet
       | growers in the nation are to the 21st century economy what
       | textile mills were to the 18th century economy.
        
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       (page generated 2021-01-09 23:01 UTC)