[HN Gopher] Tether price manipulation
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Tether price manipulation
        
       Author : temp
       Score  : 270 points
       Date   : 2021-01-08 11:26 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | subb wrote:
       | Isn't this pretty much the same as taking a loan at a bank and
       | buying bitcoins? Couldn't the "bubble" be explained by extremely
       | low interest rates?
       | 
       | Banks create money out of thin air when you take a loan. The only
       | difference is they destroy that newly created money when you pay
       | the loan back (but keep the interests).
       | 
       | See : https://positivemoney.org/how-money-
       | works/banking-101-video-...
        
       | deeeeplearning wrote:
       | Can someone post a real analysis? Are we supposed to believe this
       | guy because he's a "Finance Major" with 5k followers and he
       | posted a few graphs??
        
       | curo wrote:
       | The part I don't understand:
       | 
       | Say the SEC takes on Tether and it falls. Why then does BTC and
       | the crypto markets crash?
        
         | gillesjacobs wrote:
         | Because Tether's utility is as a legislatively advantageous on-
         | and off-ramp for the whole crypto market.
         | 
         | Off-ramp: If people want to sell BTC or other volatile tokens
         | because they want to realize profits, the obvious thing would
         | be to sell for fiat (USD/EUR). But due to taxation and
         | legislation this is often difficult. Stablecoins like Tether
         | provide the utility of a low-volatility currency that fiat
         | would fill. Main advantage is bypassing legislation.
         | 
         | This use is so common there is jargon for "Tethering up".
         | 
         | There also exist many debit cards that allow paying with
         | stablecoins, increasing utility. The rise of DeFi and money
         | markets for stablecoins also provides a good return on
         | stablecoins while in theory being low-volatility.
         | 
         | On-ramp: If people want to buy a certain token they first go
         | into Tether. This is usually for bypassing local legislation
         | limiting the buying of a specific token or use of exchanges.
         | This use is less common, I would wager.
         | 
         | Because of this wide-spread use of Tether, it's collapse would
         | cause a liquidity crisis: people want to but cannot sell their
         | Tethers for other tokens/fiat. Tether goes down from it's 1USD
         | peg, triggering a run on Tether as people try to swap it as
         | much as they can for anything else, driving down the price
         | further. Meanwhile noone is willing to buy Tether. The theory
         | proposed by OP, is that panic in the already volatile crypto
         | market ensues, people exit for fiat where they can driving down
         | prices everywhere. Trust in the whole market will be
         | obliterated.
         | 
         | Personally, I haven't trusted Tether since the first BitFinex
         | scandals and avoided like the plague. For my stablecoin needs,
         | I use something that is audited and over-collateralized like
         | DAIv2.
        
         | danivaz wrote:
         | Because suddenly most of the bitcoin demand would stop which
         | would make the price drop
        
       | wsc981 wrote:
       | While I don't doubt that Tether was used to manipulate the
       | Bitcoin price upwards, at the same time I believe Bitcoin Futures
       | were/are being used to suppress the Bitcoin price as well.
       | 
       | ------
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.equities.com/news/how-do-bitcoin-futures-
       | affect-...
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | "Suppress" is not the right word because that would imply that
         | the price is wrong. There is nothing wrong with shorting a
         | market. If the short is wrong, she loses money. The market
         | remains balanced and often short squeezes are responsible for
         | large bull runs.
         | 
         | Tether however isn't balanced. There is no risk. There is no
         | offsetting liability in the market for the Tether they create
         | (unlike with a short future, which has an offsetting long
         | side).
        
           | wsc981 wrote:
           | But banks have been in the wrong in how they used futures to
           | suppress prices of precious metals like gold. A quote from
           | the linked article:
           | 
           |  _> Precious metals markets have long since been subject to
           | manipulation by large banks. Several banks have admitted
           | wrongdoing and faced fines for manipulating gold prices. Many
           | believe that the prices of gold and silver have been kept
           | artificially low through the use of leveraged paper
           | contracts.
           | 
           | >Dr. Paul Craig Roberts, the former economic advisor for the
           | Reagan administration, has written extensively about this
           | subject.
           | 
           | >In his view, some of the biggest banks in the world have
           | been working to suppress the price of gold in Western markets
           | for many years. They accomplish this through creating so-
           | called "naked shorts" out of thin air (the term vapor
           | contract term we've been using is analogous to a naked
           | short).
           | 
           | >A naked short is simply a contract that allows an
           | institution to place a sell order for a particular asset
           | without having any ownership of the asset.
           | 
           | >In other words, it allows a bank to flood the market with
           | fake sell orders, creating downward market pressure. Given
           | that banks can create these shorts to the moon without any
           | accountability, they can keep the price down at a level more
           | or less of their choosing for quite some time._
           | 
           | Especially the last alinea seems to reflect some of the
           | things you said about Tether actually.
        
       | ausbah wrote:
       | can someone explain to me how a district court can sue someone?
       | shouldn't this be the SEC or something?
        
       | memossy wrote:
       | I would trust Tether more if it ever had meaningful outflows in
       | dollar terms, had $1bn or so in the last crash
       | (https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tether/) but has been
       | generally on an upward march, not what you would expect from a
       | stable coin
        
       | Tepix wrote:
       | I agree that USDT is fishy and it may be behind a large
       | percentage of the gains in BTC and the other coins.
       | 
       | However, there is also another possible explanation. When
       | investors want to buy BTC they first to go Binance and ask for
       | USDT in exchange for USD. Binance creates new USDT for them. Then
       | they use the USDT to buy BTC (reverse causality). Just saying
       | it's possible, but I believe Jacob Oracle to be right.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > When investors want to buy BTC they first to go Binance and
         | ask for USDT in exchange for USD. Binance creates new USDT for
         | them. Then they use the USDT to buy BTC (reverse causality).
         | 
         | But why sell them USDT first and then sell them BTC in exchange
         | for the USDT?
         | 
         | Why not just sell them BTC directly? That's the issue.
        
         | triangleman wrote:
         | Can binance "create new USDT" or do they need to ask Tether to
         | create it for them, exchanging USD?
        
       | aent wrote:
       | And meanwhile another 600 million has just been printed by them
       | today. And a few hours later bitcoin price went up. Amazing daily
       | coincidences.
        
       | Triv888 wrote:
       | They just minted another 300,000,000, here are the latest whale
       | mints:
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/search?q=%22minted%20at%20Tether%20Treas...
        
       | hoschicz wrote:
       | Would we not expect this same pattern if Tether was printed in
       | response to money coming in?
       | 
       | Meaning yes, they don't have USDT 100 % fully backed, but they
       | aren't printing it out of thin air either.
       | 
       | What surprises me are the incredible volumes in USDT -- why would
       | anyone ever use USDT instead of USDC, DAI or BUSD? All of them
       | are much more transparent and less risky.
        
         | ElKrist wrote:
         | Sometimes it's just a practical matter
         | 
         | The exchange I use only has instruments with USDT pairs
         | (BTC/USDT, ETH/USDT), not with USDC.
        
       | gruez wrote:
       | >4) How the scam works:
       | 
       | >Tether can print infinite amounts of (worthless) $USDT.
       | 
       | >They then inject this into BTC, ETH, LTC, (and others) to cause
       | prices to pump.
       | 
       | >Notice how during the months they stopped printing Tether, the
       | market moves sideways or drops significantly.
       | 
       | >This graph also shows the extent to which USDT plays a role in
       | Bitcoin's price action over the years.
       | 
       | I don't get it. This doesn't really prove anything either way.
       | Sure it _could_ be the case that they 're printing USDT backed by
       | nothing and using it to by cryptos, but it could very well be the
       | case that they're printing the USDT in response to real deposits
       | from people who want to get into crypto. Since USDT accounts for
       | a significant portion of the crypto market, it'd be more
       | suspicious for price to go up without a corresponding large
       | amount of USDT being printed, because that would mean prices are
       | going up without more money being poured into the market.
        
         | kart23 wrote:
         | I dont understand how the OP knows/can prove that they are
         | printing tether during the times that btc went up. Is there any
         | more info on that part? It looks to me like they just drew
         | lines under a graph and said tether is printing.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | Yes, you're right. The point is without oversight or
         | transparency we can't really know whats going on.
        
         | Geee wrote:
         | Yes, and every exchange has 'money market' which means the cash
         | reserves that hold user's deposits. Most exchanges use a simple
         | database to hold these balances and there's no way to audit
         | them. Every exchange can 'print' money in their database if
         | they want. Tether is better because it offers some transparency
         | into this side of the market.
        
         | gillesjacobs wrote:
         | Exactly my issue with OP's argument.
         | 
         | If BTC price rises, trade volume grows, increasing demand for
         | stablecoins due to their utility as a low-volatile alternative
         | to fiat to bypass legislation. You would EXPECT this pattern to
         | arise. Note also how OP does not show a graph of trade
         | volume/buy-sell volume which would potentially show that it is
         | used as claimed.
         | 
         | I still think Tether is extremely shady for refusing audits and
         | dubious backing. I avoid it like the plague and hope others are
         | as smart.
        
       | suikadayo wrote:
       | I've said it before and I'll say it again:
       | 
       | It's mysterious how Bitcoiners hate the Fed printing money but
       | they get awfully quiet with Tether printing money when it helps
       | prop up the price.
        
       | 0xcoffee wrote:
       | Here is ThreadReaderApp link for more readable version:
       | 
       | https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1346133062204198917.html
        
       | shuntress wrote:
       | Can someone please explain to me how Tether is "injected" into
       | Bitcoin? The entire argument seems to hinge on this but it is not
       | (as far as I can see) explained.
       | 
       | Are people accepting Tether in trade for BTC under the assumption
       | that Tether will always be exchanged 1:1 for USD when this is not
       | actually the case?
       | 
       | EDIT: The answer seems to be yes Tether is 1-to-1 with "I O U $1"
       | and enough people are accepting these IOUs in exchange for BTC
       | that the market is moving because of this.
       | 
       | That last part ("the market is moving because of this") seems so
       | unbelievably stupid to me that I don't actually believe it.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | Yeah that sort of language annoys me and is often a sign the
         | writer doesn't really understand what's going on. There are two
         | possible phenomena:
         | 
         | Legit: US$ are sent to tether, tethers are issued in exchange
         | 1:1 and then used to buy bitcoin. This will tend to raise the
         | price of bitcoin but only as long as people are sending real
         | US$
         | 
         | Illegit: tether insiders just issue tethers without US$
         | backing, use them to buy bitcoin and probably try to sell the
         | bitcoins at a profit becoming million/billionaires in the
         | process. Sky's the limit really - you can issue crypto tokens
         | in any amount though it could all collapse if people want to
         | swap their tethers back to US$ and there aren't enough there.
         | 
         | >They then inject this into BTC, ETH, LTC, (and others) to
         | cause prices to pump.
         | 
         | Means use the tether to buy BTC etc in exchange for tethers
         | which will tend to raise prices if there are more buyers than
         | sellers and people seeing the price rising will cause them to
         | buy more.
        
           | Traster wrote:
           | The thing I don't understand about the "Illegit" method is
           | that it relies on people accepting USDT for BTC and then
           | _not_ cashing them out to real USD. Because if the company is
           | printing USDT it wouldn 't have the cash to pay the people
           | trying to cash out USDT. So to allow this to happen you would
           | need a people to be holding a huge amount of USDT.
        
             | vegannet wrote:
             | You can't redeem Tether -- that's a core part of the fraud,
             | they have "banking issues" and had them for years. You can
             | sell it on an exchange but the Tether organisation have
             | prevented any redemption of USD from USDT for years.
             | Anybody turning USDT into USD is selling their USDT.
        
               | seibelj wrote:
               | Plenty of companies redeem USDT for USD. I myself worked
               | at a company that redeemed billions of dollars. The FUD
               | on HN is approaching delusional levels.
        
               | miracle2k wrote:
               | And what does the company do with those USDT? If the
               | money printing theory is correct, companies like yours
               | would be the ones counteracting any sell-pressure on
               | USDT. If the theory is not correct, companies like yours
               | would see an at least equal buy-side demand for USDT,
               | bringing real USD into the system.
               | 
               | I mean, does the company hold (increasingly?) large USDT
               | positions on their balance sheet (and would therefore be
               | the ones in the hole if Tether loses the peg), or is the
               | company able to get actual dollars out of Tether inc. in
               | exchange for those tokens?
        
               | seibelj wrote:
               | I worked at Circle
               | https://www.theblockcrypto.com/post/48857/former-head-of-
               | cir...
        
               | xur17 wrote:
               | https://tether.to/faqs/
               | 
               | > Unfortunately, Tether has decided to stop serving U.S.
               | individual and corporate customers altogether. As of
               | January 1, 2018, no issuance or redeeming services will
               | be available to these users. Exceptions to these
               | provisions may be made by Tether, in its sole discretion,
               | for entities that are: Established or organized outside
               | of the United States or its territorial or insular
               | possessions; and, Eligible Contract Participants pursuant
               | to U.S. law.
               | 
               | > An Eligible Contract Participant includes a corporation
               | that has total assets exceeding $10,000,000 and is
               | incorporated in a jurisdiction outside of the United
               | States or its territories or insular possessions. This
               | will be the principal basis upon which we will continue
               | to do business with selected U.S. persons.
               | 
               | Basically, it looks like they only provide on and off
               | ramps for large clients outside the US. Given their
               | history, I am betting they might not want to reveal where
               | they store their assets, and don't want to deal with US
               | regulators (but not sure this is working).
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | So as source for the claim that you "can't redeem
               | tether", you are linking to something that says you _can_
               | redeem tether?
        
               | cool_dude85 wrote:
               | Tell you what: you give me $100, I'll give you back a
               | cooldude coupon. I have sole discretion as to whether
               | I'll redeem this coupon when you hand it back to me.
               | 
               | Question: Would you say you can redeem this coupon? It's
               | possible I might decide to give you back your money,
               | after all.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | > something that says you can redeem tether
               | 
               | Tether, in its sole discretion, may choose to redeem
               | tether, as long as you're a corporation with over 10m
               | USDT incorporated outside the US.
               | 
               | I'd say that's not an ironclad guarantee that you can
               | redeem tether.
        
               | xur17 wrote:
               | When did I say I was providing a source for not being
               | able to redeem tether? I'm just linking to information
               | that I found useful when forming an opinion on the
               | matter.
        
               | seibelj wrote:
               | Yes, I worked at a company that had an entity outside the
               | US that minted and redeemed tethers. This is how it
               | works.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | Though when you sell your USDT for euro or whatever on
               | Kraken say, the tether org must step in and buy to keep
               | the price at US$1. So they effectively redem if not
               | directly.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | So you can't trade USDT for USD _at all_ (eg. third party
               | exchange trades, or withdrawing from an USDT exchange
               | directly), or is it only that you can 't trade USDT for
               | USD by going through Tether Limited?
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | People do hold USDT. I hold some myself. If you are going
             | to buy crypto again it saves the hassle and expense of
             | converting into fiat money and back again.
             | 
             | The majority of exchanges can't actually hold fiat money
             | due to regulatory issues.
             | 
             | Also I imagine some people are hoping to avoid the taxman
             | by keeping it in crypto though that's legally not kosher.
        
               | rglullis wrote:
               | Why USDT and not USDC or DAI? Don't you feel like holding
               | USDT makes you complicit in whatever shit is going on?
               | 
               | Also, I would be very, very weary of using an centralized
               | exchange that "can not hold fiat". With the layer-2
               | projects that are coming now (take a look at loopring or
               | Stakenet), you can transact as much as you want, no gas
               | fees and exchange fees are about the same as any CEX.
        
               | xur17 wrote:
               | Because _way_ more exchanges offer USDT trading. USDC  /
               | DAI are both fairly new, and aren't offered as trading
               | pairs nearly as frequently.
        
               | rglullis wrote:
               | Still, they do exist _now_. And again, if an exchange
               | only offers USDT as on-ramp that should be a _massive_
               | signal against its trustworthiness.
        
               | xur17 wrote:
               | I somewhat agree, but it's also a chicken and the egg
               | problem - everyone uses USDT as the primary pair because
               | everyone wants it, and everyone wants it because that's
               | what every other exchange offers. Exchanges can offer
               | another stablecoin, but it's likely to have very little
               | volume.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Coinbase offers DAI, plus you can exchange DAI for any
               | ERC20 token on a dex.
        
               | xur17 wrote:
               | Right, and coinbase offers USDC as well. The problem is
               | the long tail of exchanges overseas that only offer USDT.
        
               | shuntress wrote:
               | In what way is Tether _not_ a fiat currency?
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | Investopedia has:
               | 
               | >Fiat money is a government-issued currency that isn't
               | backed by a commodity such as gold.
               | 
               | Tether fails the government-issued bit.
        
               | shuntress wrote:
               | In what _meaningful_ way is Tether not a fiat currency?
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | The not government issued bit would become pretty
               | meaningful if they get shut down or collapse. They are
               | more like IOU notes for fiat currency - Tether owes you
               | one US$.
        
               | shuntress wrote:
               | How is that not effectively the same thing? Is Tether
               | less likely to shut down or collapse?
        
               | blackbrokkoli wrote:
               | It is meaningful, because a large part of crypto culture
               | seems to be based around hand-waving and selling you an
               | underdog no-big-government empower-the-people story
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | Ironically Tether, whose quantity appears to be
               | determined by however much the small private entity that
               | runs it decides to create, appears to be a much purer
               | example of 'fiat' currency than most national currencies
               | have been for most of the last half century (quantity
               | determined in a decentralised manner by the balance of
               | supply and demand for credit at a base interest rate a
               | centralised body periodically updates to hit a
               | [decentralised market-driven] fixed target rate of
               | inflation)
        
         | Triv888 wrote:
         | They can buy BTC with the newly minted coins.
        
           | shuntress wrote:
           | This makes zero sense. Why not just use USD?
           | 
           | The entire point of Tether seems to be that it is always
           | valued to be exactly 1:1 with USD. And that seems to somehow
           | convince people that entities who cannot obtain a loan of USD
           | _can_ obtain a loan of Tether?
        
             | jayd16 wrote:
             | It really comes down to what kind of loans Tether has
             | accepted. They haven't disclosed this information.
             | 
             | If Tether gave out a significant amount of USDT for Bitcoin
             | without backing it in some other way, it means Tether isn't
             | actually backed by the USD. Even if they lent out Tether
             | for USD, they might have used BTC as collateral/risk
             | assessment.
             | 
             | The fear is that Thether is held up by a loan of BTC and
             | BTC is held up by in some part by the stability of Tether.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | nebulous1 wrote:
             | Some exchanges have no traditional banking ties at all, so
             | you have to send them some for of crypto in order to use
             | them. It's also easier and quicker to move tether from one
             | exchange to another than it is to receive a USD transfer
             | and resend it to another, and that's ignoring regulatory
             | issues.
        
               | shuntress wrote:
               | This does nothing to explain the purpose of Tether.
               | 
               | If Exchange A has no "traditional banking ties" but is
               | where I want to trade so I need to buy crypto through
               | Exchange B first in order to trade that crypto on
               | Exchange A _why_ would I buy Tether instead of BTC
               | through Exchange B?
        
         | danivaz wrote:
         | Yes, if the company Thether has full control of its tokens they
         | can print them and don't back them with anything (as the author
         | says their reserves are not public)
        
         | raesene9 wrote:
         | Yep, AFAIK Tether is used by several exchanges that have
         | problems getting direct banking relationships, as a on-ramp for
         | funds.
         | 
         | Tether originally promised that they were 1-2-1 backed with
         | actual currency reserves, but had to abandon that statement
         | when it became apparent they'd lost a load of money to Crypto
         | Capital.
         | 
         | Tether still claim to be 1-2-1 backed with "investments" but
         | there has never been a completed 3rd party audit of that claim,
         | so it literally has to be taken on trust.
        
           | mmastrac wrote:
           | Minor point, but seeing "1-2-1" in your comment is strange to
           | me. I've only ever seen it as "1:1" or "1-to-1".
        
         | jcpham2 wrote:
         | Tether is the liquidity solution to the lank of United States
         | Dollar withdrawal ie, a bank account.
         | 
         | No bank, no problem! Tether on Wayne,Tether on Garth.
         | 
         | But seriously, this old news. All of these stable coins and alt
         | coins are just big pools of liquidity to swim in.
        
         | c-fe wrote:
         | So far the explanation I've come across goes as follows:
         | someone creates tether. They use this tether to buy bitcoin,
         | which drives up the prices of bitcoin. The more they buy, the
         | more value their purchased bitcoin has. The trick seems to be
         | that generating this tether should decrease the value of
         | tether, however since everyone thinks its a stablecoin that is
         | backed by usd 1:1, its value remains the same. The worst is
         | that the purchased bitcoin increases in value, so technically
         | they could sell that bitcoin for usd, then use that usd to
         | temporarily back their printed tether...
         | 
         | (This is my understanding of the situation and from the reading
         | the explanations of other people, but please take this with a
         | grain of salt, im not sure if everything is true)
        
           | bootlooped wrote:
           | Do most people even believe that Tether is backed 1:1? Or are
           | they just playing along because it's in their interest?
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | All we can be sure of is that the money put into tether is
             | greater or equal to the money taken out.
             | 
             | If people didn't believe it, they would sell (either for
             | BTC or real dollars), and if enough people did that then
             | tether would collapse.
             | 
             | My suspicion is there are enough dormant tether holders
             | that the above will never occur, even if there have been
             | some substantial fraud losses.
        
               | alisonkisk wrote:
               | There's a lot of room for delayed fraud, same as when
               | banks fail.
               | 
               | Imagine I secretly remove the contents of everyone's safe
               | deposit boxes.
               | 
               | I get rich selling what I stole, but no one is any poorer
               | until much later when they try to cash out their
               | treasures and realize they are gone. USDTether is an
               | empty safe deposit box.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | My argument is if some people aren't regularly looking in
               | their safe deposit box, the fraud might _never_ cause a
               | collapse.
        
               | hannasanarion wrote:
               | The New York Attorney General is going to look into the
               | box on January 15.
        
           | shuntress wrote:
           | I've gathered basically this same explanation but it still
           | makes no sense.
           | 
           | Are people trading BTC for "Land for sale on the moon" too?
           | 
           | This sounds like exchanges handing out IOUs instead of money
           | when their patrons try to cash out.
        
             | defen wrote:
             | Let's say you think Bitcoin is going to crash (or you're a
             | trader and just think it's going to go down). Obviously you
             | want to sell your bitcoin, but also postulate that you
             | don't have a connection to a real bank (KYC and all that),
             | so you can't actually turn your Bitcoins into dollars. So
             | you sell your Bitcoins for Tethers. Then Bitcoin goes down,
             | and eventually you buy them back using Tethers.
        
             | 40four wrote:
             | It's not individuals buying Tether from Bitfinex and then
             | buying Bitcoin that causes this. It is Bitfinex as an
             | organization 'printing' free money and using it to pump the
             | market.
        
               | shuntress wrote:
               | > _Bitfinex as an organization 'printing' free money and
               | using it to pump the market._
               | 
               | How?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | c-fe wrote:
               | like I mentioned above, it is speculated that they are
               | the ones who are printing the tether, then use that to
               | buy bitcoin. They are then probably hoping that whoever
               | receives tether for selling their bitcoin does not
               | immediately want usd, but instead is happy with the
               | tether as it is 'backed 1:1'. (Again, I have to stress
               | that this is a theory i read somewhere on the internet,
               | while lots of things add up, it may also be completely
               | off.)
               | 
               | They 'pump the market' because buying bitcoin increases
               | its scarcity, thus raising the price.
        
               | alisonkisk wrote:
               | But who is selling their (temporarily) valuable bitcoin
               | for worthless tether instead of USD?
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | Many exchanges eschew fiat due to regulation. So you can
               | only exchange crypto for stable coin crypto there.
        
               | gillesjacobs wrote:
               | > But who is selling their (temporarily) valuable bitcoin
               | for worthless tether instead of USD?
               | 
               | You're asking what the utility of stablecoins is:
               | Stablecoins are widely used as a legislatively
               | advantageous on- and off-ramp for the whole crypto
               | market.
               | 
               | Off-ramp: If people want to sell BTC or other volatile
               | tokens because they want to realize profits, the obvious
               | thing would be to sell for fiat (USD/EUR). But due to
               | taxation and legislation this is often difficult.
               | Stablecoins like Tether provide the utility of a low-
               | volatility currency that fiat would fill. Main advantage
               | is bypassing legislation.
               | 
               | This use is so common there is jargon for "Tethering up".
               | 
               | There also exist many debit cards that allow paying with
               | stablecoins, increasing utility. The rise of DeFi and
               | money markets for stablecoins also provides a good return
               | on stablecoins while in theory being low-volatility.
               | 
               | On-ramp: If people want to buy a certain token they first
               | go into Tether. This is usually for bypassing local
               | legislation limiting the buying of a specific token or
               | use of exchanges. This use is less common, I would wager.
               | 
               | Of course, for any of this to be actually useful Tether
               | has to remain the same price. If Tether starts to deviate
               | significantly from the 1USD peg, a liquidity crisis cuold
               | be triggered.
               | 
               | Personally, I haven't trusted Tether since the first
               | BitFinex scandals and avoid it like the plague. For my
               | stablecoin needs, I use something that is audited and
               | over-collateralized like DAIv2.
        
               | Slikey wrote:
               | This sounds incredibly illegal. I can't imagine trading
               | like this is wanted by legislators and even if Tether is
               | currently backed 1:1 there is no way that legislators
               | will allow this to keep happening eventually crashing the
               | entire Tether currency into the ground.
        
               | gillesjacobs wrote:
               | US legislators are indeed talking stablecoin restrictions
               | because of this.
        
               | PragmaticPulp wrote:
               | > If people want to buy a certain token they first go
               | into Tether. This is usually for bypassing local
               | legislation
               | 
               | That alone should be a red flag.
               | 
               | I know there are a lot of narratives about people in
               | repressive governments using Bitcoin to take their meager
               | savings out of the country or carrying their net worth
               | across borders in mind wallets, but Tether isn't
               | targeting these people.
               | 
               | Tether has very high minimum purchases. They cater
               | (supposedly) to extremely wealthy clients who, for
               | whatever reason, would rather use a questionable
               | intermediary instead of going straight to any one of the
               | major financial institutions offering BTC to purchase
               | their bitcoin. If you had told me in 2015 that it was
               | difficult to purchase BTC as an institution, I would have
               | believed you. In 2021, there isn't much reason to do end-
               | runs around regulations unless you're deliberately trying
               | to launder money and/or dodge taxes.
        
               | TearsInTheRain wrote:
               | Do they even allow exchanging tether for USD? I dont
               | think they do
        
               | marcandre wrote:
               | Tether does not, but you can trade USDT/USD pair on
               | kraken.com
        
               | martinko wrote:
               | Nonsense. If this were the case then tether could not
               | trade at par.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | I suppose this could work as long as you don't print too
               | much. Let's say you have $10M USD in deposits. You can
               | print $20M in USDT as long as you're reasonably sure that
               | on average, people don't withdraw 50% of their deposits.
               | This gets tricky though because USDT is used by multiple
               | exchanges, so I'm not sure what exactly would happen if
               | everyone withdraws their deposits not in USD, but in USDT
               | to another exchange. They'd all need to be in on the
               | conspiracy with some sort of settlement system to
               | transfer money between them.
        
               | raesene9 wrote:
               | It could, if the major exchanges accept that it does and
               | continue to back that notion...
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | (narrator) tether could not trade at par
        
               | 40four wrote:
               | I'm not a finance or a crypto expert, so don't take my
               | word on it. But many people way smarter than me have been
               | trying to prove this hypothesis for years.
               | 
               | Bitfinex doesn't exactly have a reputation that deserves
               | any trust, so I wouldn't put it past them.
               | 
               | I think there is a good reason Coinbase does not allow
               | trading Tether.
        
       | qeternity wrote:
       | The problem is that in the early days of @Bitfinex'ed this was
       | all a bit of a sideshow because there was genuinely large
       | interest from retail and the outcome of crypto was far less
       | certain.
       | 
       | However three years on, crypto still does not have a "killer app"
       | and is 99.99% used for speculation. Bitcoin's narrative has had
       | to morph from "digital currency" to "digital gold".
       | 
       | But in the depths of the March panic, Tether jumped the shark in
       | order to backstop the entire crypto ecosystem, and they can never
       | put that genie back in the bottle. Much like the Fed who cannot
       | stop monetizing US deficits for fear of letting yields explode,
       | the Tetheral Reserve must continue to print USDT in order to
       | support prices. Exchanges cannot let this fail since the vast
       | majority do not have access to the bonafide banking system and
       | thus scrappy users must devise "fiat onramps".
       | 
       | There are many theories about why, the predominant one being that
       | iFinex know they are screwed, and are making one last cash grab
       | before presumably disappearing. This sounds fairly reasonable if
       | the entire operation is indeed a sham, but it means there is
       | effectively no upper bound to BTC prices because the denominator
       | in 90% of the market (USDT) is effectively zero.
       | 
       | Tether has become too big to fail. Bitcoin now finds itself a
       | high tech manifestation of the very thing that Satoshi sought to
       | address.
        
         | lukebuehler wrote:
         | I've been wondering if Tether is really a scam for a long time.
         | 
         | In all these analyses, one key point is missing: arbitrage
         | traders have to make up for the sell pressure on USDT when
         | Tethers are being printed and sold for BTC. Can anyone show me
         | how there is a plausible mechanism/scheme/conspiracy that keeps
         | the USD/USDT exchange rate stable while a crazy amount of
         | illegitimate Tethers are being printed?
         | 
         | Edit: typo and removed link.
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | It's just that conspiracy theories and doom stories are nice
           | to write about. USDT market cap is lower than that of GBTC.
           | So it's not possible that USDT is inflating 90% of the price
           | of Bitcoin.
           | 
           | Most people writing about USDT don't understand how arbitrage
           | markets work, and don't understand that liquid markets are
           | quick to resolve themselves (unlike ponzi schemes where you
           | can hide the missing assets for a long time). Liquid markets
           | will put quick pressure which is why these structures
           | collapse faster (see MtGox)
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | user-the-name wrote:
             | Market caps in cryptocurrencies are an entirely nonsensical
             | fiction. They have no real effect on anything.
             | 
             | Look at trade volumes. Tether is massively bigger than
             | bitcoin and ethereum combined.
        
             | Rury wrote:
             | >USDT market cap is lower than that of GBTC. So it's not
             | possible that USDT is inflating 90% of the price of
             | Bitcoin.
             | 
             | Technically it is possible. You don't need an equal or
             | larger market cap to inflate something else 90%. You just
             | need enough to dominate the trading volume. As an extreme
             | example, if bid/ask volume is exactly 1 (ie the ONLY trade
             | volume consists of you and 1 other person trading a
             | quantity of 1), then at the minimum, all you need is a bank
             | roll of 1.9x the current unit price, with both you agreeing
             | to the trade it for 1.9x, for the going price per share to
             | inflate 90%. And since Market Cap = Price Per Share x
             | Shares Outstanding, then the market cap also inflated 90%.
             | If the shares outstanding was 5000, and the unit price was
             | $1, then the market cap increased $4,500 using only $1.90.
        
           | dmichulke wrote:
           | Exactly, I don't say OP is wrong but I need to see how I can
           | 
           | 1. buy X for USD
           | 
           | 2. buy BTC for X
           | 
           | Shouldn't the price for X then stay the same? (Bought X once,
           | sold X once)
           | 
           | Assuming X drops to 0, wouldn't people that have BTC just use
           | another coin X' to get back to USD?
           | 
           | Assuming company Y creates X out of thin air and buys BTC
           | with it, why doesn't X drop in value? Because arbitrageurs
           | buy it? So arbitrageurs have lots of X? Should I care if they
           | go broke in the process?
        
             | qeternity wrote:
             | Because the mechanism to transmit USDT to USD doesn't
             | exist. Tether has never demonstrated a single USDT
             | redemption. All of the trading on an exchange doesn't
             | matter because on USDT exchanges, you never actually have
             | USD. If you trade USDT/USD on Binance, your profits are
             | still actually USDT denominated! There is no proven way to
             | convert USDT to USD except via another crypto (i.e. Binance
             | USDT -> BTC and then Coinbase BTC -> USD) hence this entire
             | topic...
             | 
             | The peg would break down if there was any real convergence
             | mechanism. But there isn't. This isn't a problem until
             | people actually try to exchange these supposedly fungible
             | assets.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Tether has never demonstrated a single USDT redemption
               | 
               | Does that matter when you can withdraw from a USDT
               | exchange and get USD in a bank account, or trade USDT for
               | USD at kraken?
        
               | csomar wrote:
               | I think it's a waste of time trying to argue with the
               | USDT conspiracy theory crowd. I'm not really sure what's
               | their problem; they clearly never traded the market or
               | used it. Maybe it's a butt-hurt feeling from missing out
               | on this decade best performing assets?
               | 
               | I'll give you a more sensible counter-argument: If you
               | held USDT in the last 4 years (only) and actively
               | generated yield (requires 1 hours work max per week), and
               | periodically withdrew it (1-3 months) my reports show a
               | 120% gain. This means if you bought $100k of USDT 4 years
               | ago, you'd have withdrawn $120k into real dollars and
               | still have $100k of USDT. In this situation, it's
               | impossible to lose even if Tether is worth 0 tomorrow.
               | 
               | Yield have gone considerably down. This means traders now
               | trust USDT more than they did a few years ago. This would
               | also mean that traders who are into risk would not hold
               | USDT, they would rather hold something else to get better
               | yield. If USDT was risky, its total market cap will
               | decrease, as it doesn't make sense to hold into it with
               | low yield. That or the market will quickly collapse.
               | 
               | This can give you an idea (better than a stamped report
               | from any AAA auditing firm) about how strong the USDT
               | position in the market is.
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | Yes - none of this proves that Tether has any reserves.
               | 
               | It just proves that someone else believes they do...which
               | we already know.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | This is moving the goalposts. I don't think anyone thinks
               | tether has full reserves. They literally admitted that
               | they don't[1]. However your original claim of "you can't
               | redeem USDT" is misleading at best.
               | 
               | [1] wikipedia: "On 30 April 2019 Tether Limited's lawyer
               | claimed that each tether was backed by only $0.74 in cash
               | and cash equivalents"
        
               | nebulous1 wrote:
               | I feel like most people think of what you're referring to
               | as trading Tether, and "redeeming USDT" as actually
               | exchanging the USDT for the fiat that is supposedly
               | backing it.
               | 
               | Everybody realizes that for the individual turning tether
               | into fiat both of these amount to the same thing, but
               | they are not the same thing for the system as a whole at
               | all. Ultimately the only way that tether as a company can
               | maintain the peg is by buying their own token with the
               | reserve funds if market won't (there are obviously
               | different mechanisms they could use to do this, either
               | via the exchanges or with the seller directly trading
               | with them). If they don't have access to enough reserve
               | funds then the peg will eventually fail.
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | That was after how many years of Tether insisting that
               | they had 1:1 reserves, talking about audits thereof,
               | threatening lawsuits against people who said they didn't?
               | 
               | ... and many many crypto-fans naysaying anyone who didn't
               | believe them.
        
             | Uberphallus wrote:
             | Since they can print X and they peg it to USD, it won't
             | change in price itself, but nothing can assure the driving
             | force of BTC price is actual demand.
        
               | dmichulke wrote:
               | When central banks peg their currencies to others, that
               | means they buy the foreign currency if their own currency
               | is overvalued in comparison, or sell foreign currency to
               | buy local curerncy in the case of undervaluation.
               | 
               | You say that a peg breaks if the Central Bank doesn't
               | have the exchange reserves anymore to uphold a peg.
               | 
               | Where does Bitfinex take the money from to buy tether to
               | prevent it from devaluing? Alternatively, who else buys
               | tether, arbitrageurs?
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | You're missing the entire premise: where can I go sell my
               | USDT directly for USD? Show me where.
               | 
               | Unlike your example where this an existing market that a
               | peg has to be supported, there simply isn't a fungible
               | USDT/USD market.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | > You're missing the entire premise: where can I go sell
               | my USDT directly for USD? Show me where.
               | 
               | https://trade.kraken.com/charts/KRAKEN:USDT-USD
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | I'm not sure what arbitrage you're referring to. But more
           | importantly, nobody is selling these freshly printed USDT for
           | USD...that's the whole point. They are selling USDT for BTC.
           | 
           | 99% of the USD/USDT trading is fake/wash trading to give the
           | illusion of volume.
        
             | jerry1979 wrote:
             | If tether is functionally doing a fractional reserve
             | scheme, then we should expect a run on the tether bank
             | sooner or later.
        
             | mathgenius wrote:
             | Kraken has USDT/USD markets. I'm sure there are plenty of
             | other places to trade USDT for USD.
             | 
             | https://www.kraken.com/prices/usdt-tether-usd-price-
             | chart/us...
        
           | mathgenius wrote:
           | As long as tether can provide a small percentage of liquidity
           | on USDT/USD then they (arbitrageurs) can maintain the peg.
           | This can obviously break down, and has in the past. It's all
           | about liquidity...
        
           | raesene9 wrote:
           | If you ignore the URL and read the content of this
           | http://www.tr0lly.com/bitcoin/the-tether-press-and-
           | bitcoins-... it's actually a good theory for what _may_ be
           | happening.
           | 
           | It's speculation, but then without audits and accounts of the
           | exchanges that use Tether, and Tether itself, speculation
           | seems to be about as good an option as there is.
        
         | TomSwirly wrote:
         | > However three years on, crypto still does not have a "killer
         | app" and is 99.99% used for speculation
         | 
         | With all due respect, this is completely wrong - crypto has the
         | same killer app it has for years, and that app is _crime_.
         | 
         | Whether you're buying drugs, paying anonymous extortioners,
         | accepting bribes, money laundering, or tax evasion,
         | cryptocurrency is the go-to choice for electronic funds
         | transfer for your modern criminal.
        
         | shuntress wrote:
         | >Bitcoin's narrative has had to morph from "digital currency"
         | to "digital gold"
         | 
         | The narrative around bitcoin has always been "It is digital
         | currency. It works like gold". Hence the notion of _" mining"_.
         | 
         | EDIT: downvote me if you want but you are flat _wrong_
         | 
         | Section 6 in the bitcoin whitepaper _explicitly_ likens bitcoin
         | to gold [0]
         | 
         | > _The steady addition of a constant of amount of new coins is
         | analogous to gold miners expending resources to add gold to
         | circulation_
         | 
         | [0]: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
        
           | user-the-name wrote:
           | > The narrative around bitcoin has always been "It is digital
           | currency. It works like gold".
           | 
           | It has not been that for years. It failed miserably as a
           | currency, and the current narrative is that it is a "store of
           | value".
        
           | gizmo686 wrote:
           | I think people are using "gold" in 2 different ways.
           | 
           | In the olden days, gold was actually a currency. The supply
           | of coins you could produce was limited by the precious metals
           | you had. The amount of paper money you could issue was
           | limited by the amount of gold bars you had. In this system,
           | gold is still acting like a currency; but a currency with
           | very real limitations on the ability of any institution to
           | manage it. [0]. This was the original meaning of digital
           | gold.
           | 
           | In contrast, modern gold is not used as a currency. It is
           | used as a commodity and store of value; and a hedge against
           | inflation.
           | 
           | [0] Unlike gold though; bitcoin actually has a predictable
           | issuance schedule. There is no sudden spike in Bitcoin
           | supplies because prospective suddenly discovered a rich vein.
        
           | deegles wrote:
           | My understanding is that the problem is not with Bitcoin, but
           | with people buying Bitcoin with "money printed," (or
           | unconfirmed-peg) Tether.
           | 
           | The same issue would arise if the USA started printing
           | dollars and buying physical gold with it. Is that right?
        
           | Born_Again wrote:
           | >>Bitcoin's narrative has had to morph from "digital
           | currency" to "digital gold"
           | 
           | I wholeheartedly agree with this. Let's look at some Reddit
           | /r/bitcoin posts in January 2014:
           | 
           | https://redditsearch.io/?term=&dataviz=false&aggs=false&subr.
           | ..
           | 
           | People were discussing bitcoin being used as a digital
           | currency. There was talk of bitcoin being accepted on
           | Overstock.com, TigerDirect, and using bitcoin apps on phones
           | as a digital wallet. I would argue the majority of people in
           | the bitcoin community at the time were genuinely interested
           | in the technology and its use as an everyday currency.
           | 
           | Now let's look at some Reddit /r/bitcoin posts in January
           | 2020. I picked this date because there weren't any recent
           | significant price fluctuations.
           | 
           | https://redditsearch.io/?term=&dataviz=false&aggs=false&subr.
           | ..
           | 
           | There was practically zero discussion on using bitcoin as a
           | currency. People were only interested in the price and
           | treated it as a commodity, just like a digital gold.
           | 
           | > EDIT: downvote me if you want but you are flat wrong
           | 
           | Do people treat bitcoin as a currency or a commodity today?
        
             | shuntress wrote:
             | * _The narrative around bitcoin has always been "It is
             | digital currency. It works like gold".*_
             | 
             | I don't think we need to get into whether or not gold is a
             | currency or a commodity but you are fooling yourself if you
             | think that the price of gold is driven by jewelers and PCB
             | fabs.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | I would say it's now more promoted as an uncorrelated asset
             | class.
        
           | samvher wrote:
           | That may be true but there is definitely a difference between
           | the way people talked about it earlier ("later we will all be
           | paying with bitcoin") to how it is now ("it's a store of
           | value and maybe there is potential for bitcoin-backed
           | currencies").
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | I think the scaling limitations were well known at the
             | beginning. If Bitcoin were to get as large as
             | visa/mastercard the blockchain would be growing at a rate
             | of a few gigabytes per day, which would kill
             | decentralization.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | It doesn't google anymore and might be gone now, but back
               | in the day there was an article on a bitcoin website
               | which went through some math, arguing that Bitcoin could
               | achieve 4000 transactions per second. People used to link
               | to it on a regular basis.
               | 
               | Aside from that, people figured Moore's Law would
               | continue at its historical pace, and Bitcoin could grow
               | indefinitely at the same pace.
        
               | dylkil wrote:
               | the limitations have been researched extensively outside
               | of the echo chamber of bitcoin development. It is
               | possible to scale a utxo system like bitcoins to hundreds
               | of millions of txs per day. Xthinner[1] can compress
               | blocksizes by 99%, but bitcoin devs have ignored this
               | with handywavy arguments.
               | 
               | [1]https://github.com/jtoomim/xthinner-spec
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >but bitcoin devs have ignored this with handywavy
               | arguments.
               | 
               | Can you provide links to these discussions? I searched
               | around on google and all the results are relating to
               | bitcoin cash. I also searched the usual places that
               | bitcoin (non cash) people congregate and turned up
               | nothing.
        
               | ryani wrote:
               | That page claims it can compress a single transaction
               | down to 12-16 bits. Unless the vast majority of btc
               | transactions are between the same few wallet addresses,
               | this seems impossible? Even if you assume that the
               | transaction is an instance of a common known script, you
               | still need from-address, to-address, and amount, all of
               | which are >16 bit quantities and in general are
               | cryptographically random.
               | 
               | The only explanation I can think of is that they are
               | relying on a sidechannel to communicate the actual
               | transactions, which makes sense in the miner case (the
               | utxo pool) but not in the general node case.
               | 
               | Beyond that, I run a BTC node occasionally and the
               | bottleneck is validating blocks, not downloading them.
               | Transactions are complicated enough right now that I'm
               | only able to catch up at about 350x real-time (that is,
               | it takes around a full cpu-day to validate a year of
               | blocks/transactions).
        
               | nullc wrote:
               | A bitcoiner pinged me and asked for my comment here. It
               | really sucks that people are so easily bamboozled by
               | dishonest scammers.
               | 
               | In the original bitcoin software a node would receive
               | every transaction made while it was online twice: once
               | when the transaction was first relayed, once when it was
               | placed into blocks. This was obviously wasteful, so we
               | created and deployed a reconciliation scheme that
               | exploits the fact that normally all, or almost all the
               | included transactions are already known. https://github.c
               | om/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0152.mediawi...
               | 
               | But because Bitcoin developers are not dishonest scammers
               | they didn't run around putting out (no kidding) press
               | releases claiming "98.6% compression"-- though that's
               | what you get if you compare the size of the BIP152
               | message to the size of the block. In reality, since it
               | depends on the transaction being known in advance the
               | unachievable limit for this class of approaches is a 50%
               | bandwidth reduction for a node compared to the original
               | behaviour. BIP152 achieves 49.3% out of that 50%, as
               | measured on the latest block.
               | 
               | Even before compact blocks was created back in December
               | 2015, we knew even smaller could be achieved. E.g. we
               | published a scheme that requires asymptotically 0 bytes
               | per transaction, only requiring data proportional to size
               | of the difference between the block and the recipients
               | guess at the next block. But what we found is that the
               | simpler scheme actually propagated blocks much faster
               | because once the block is down to just a few thousand
               | bytes other factors (like CPU time) dominate. Expending a
               | lot of additional code and cpu time to take 49.3% closer
               | to 50% isn't a win in actual usage.
               | 
               | [And for considerations other than block propagation,
               | saving a few extra bytes per block is extremely
               | irrelevant.]
               | 
               | It's also the case that some of these dishonestly hyped
               | supposed improvements beyond what Bitcoin has done for
               | years are actually totally brain-damaged and wouldn't
               | work in practice because they're not robust against
               | attack-- but there isn't much reason to dive into
               | technical minutia because what they _claim to achieve_,
               | once you strip off the dishonest marketing, isn't all
               | that interesting.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | CyberDildonics wrote:
               | Not this again. The entire bitcoin blockchain fits in $6
               | of hard drive space. The average transaction right now is
               | more than $11.50. The AVERAGE transaction costs almost
               | double what it costs to store the ENTIRE blockchain.
               | 
               | Stop with the storage space nonsense. The only people
               | even storing the entire chain are enthusiasts, servers
               | and miners. Saying "what if it gets a thousand times as
               | many transactions" is ridiculous, but it still wouldn't
               | be a problem. A few gigabytes a day? A $300 dollar hard
               | drive would still take a decade to fill up. I think the
               | few that sync the entire chain handle that.
        
               | shuntress wrote:
               | As far as I was aware, this problem was mostly ignored.
               | 
               | It was expected (again, as stated in the whitepaper) that
               | truncating transactions (in order to shrink blocks that
               | are "old enough") would be able to manage block size well
               | enough to stay reasonable.
               | 
               | In my experience (circa ~2011,) this expectation seemed
               | to be generally accepted without much question by anyone
               | talking about bitcoin. If it was acknowledged as a flaw
               | it was usually hand-waved as only likely to be a problem
               | 10+ in the the future.
               | 
               | edit: Or that a new network would learn from the bitcoin
               | experiment and implement a protocol that works better at
               | large scale.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | As far as new networks go, that appears to be happening.
        
           | birdyrooster wrote:
           | It's digital gold you can use to magically transport any drug
           | to your doorstep. That's an amazing killer app.
        
             | j0ba wrote:
             | Meh, USD is much better for that. Lots more drug dealers
             | accept it.
        
               | birdyrooster wrote:
               | Not near you, and not safely.
        
           | lawn wrote:
           | The whitepaper only likens Bitcoin to gold in regards to the
           | emission rate, not to it's supposed usage as "digital gold".
           | 
           | In fact the whitepaper even opens with describing Bitcoin's
           | usage for commerce. The very first paragraph in the
           | introduction!
           | 
           | The narrative has indeed changed to "digital gold" after it's
           | made abundantly clear that Bitcoin is no longer suitable for
           | commerce.
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | Too late to edit my original comment but a lot of people
         | pointing to the "peg" as proof that Tether is legitimate.
         | 
         | The only peg that exists is the one whereby you should be able
         | to go to Tether Inc and redeem USDT for USD 1:1. That peg has
         | never ever been demonstrated (publicly).
         | 
         | All the other "pegs" are just cash trading. If I trade USDT/USD
         | on Binance...I don't actually have USD. Even on that pair, my
         | USD profit/loss are denominated in USDT.
         | 
         | For anyone who disagrees with the above - please show me market
         | where I can go sell my USDT directly for USD.
        
           | sekai wrote:
           | > For anyone who disagrees with the above - please show me
           | market where I can go sell my USDT directly for USD.
           | 
           | Kraken, Bitstamp, did so for 3 years+
        
             | qeternity wrote:
             | And I wonder why Bitstamp, a fairly legitimate shop,
             | stopped using Tether...
        
           | marcandre wrote:
           | Kraken.com has an actual USDT/USD pair you can trade and use
           | actual hard currency.
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | Yes, you can trade them there. However, there is no
             | mechanism imposed by Kraken to keep the price close to 1.
             | It is purely supply and demand. Nothing prevents the price
             | of USDT from collapsing (apart from arbitrage predicated on
             | exchanging USDT back into USD).
        
           | sjs382 wrote:
           | > For anyone who disagrees with the above - please show me
           | market where I can go sell my USDT directly for USD.
           | 
           | Genuinely curious, as someone who has never used Binance nor
           | USDT:
           | 
           | Why is the "directly" part here significant? If I can USDT
           | (Binance) -> USD (Binance) -> BTC (Binance) -> BTC (Coinbase)
           | -> USD (Coinbase) -> USD (My Bank), then whats the difference
           | other than a few extra steps?
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | Apart from the fact that there are transaction costs and
             | time delays (it'll take about half an hour after you bought
             | BTC on Binance that you can sell them on Coinbase), what
             | guarantees that the BTC price is the same on Coinbase and
             | Binance?
             | 
             | Well, arbitrage! But suppose BTC it is much higher on
             | Binance. You'd then take USD and transfer them to Coinbase:
             | 
             | USD (Coinbase) -> BTC (Coinbase) -> BTC (Binance) -> USDT
             | (Binance) -> ??
             | 
             | Now you need to take these USDT and turn them into USD, to
             | keep the arb running. But that is precisely what doesn't
             | work.
             | 
             | So: the chain you outline is NOT a way to "directly sell
             | USDT for USD", as links can break down.
        
             | atomicnumber3 wrote:
             | It's basically the difference between a fiat currency and
             | one backed by something.
             | 
             | For example, something vaguely analogous would be:
             | 
             | [Setting: The Olden Days] GP: "I'm concerned because nobody
             | has ever tried to take USD to the government and directly
             | get silver/gold for it." You: "Why is the "directly" part
             | here significant? If I can USD (My Pocket) -> USD (My
             | Brokerage) -> Gold (My Brokerage) -> Gold (My Pocket), then
             | whats the difference other than a few extra steps?"
             | 
             | The difference is that we never tested to see if the USD is
             | actually backed by real gold.
        
             | qeternity wrote:
             | You can't USD Binance. That's my point.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | There are easier paths, such as:
             | 
             | USDT -> kraken[1] -> USD -> your bank
             | 
             | or even
             | 
             | USDT -> bitfinex[2] -> your bank
             | 
             | [1] https://trade.kraken.com/charts/KRAKEN:USDT-USD
             | 
             | [2] yes they do allow fiat withdraws
             | https://support.bitfinex.com/hc/en-
             | us/articles/213919309-Fia...
        
         | tobltobs wrote:
         | The killer app of Bitcoin is Ransomware.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | >does not have a "killer app" and is 99.99% used for
         | speculation
         | 
         | You could argue speculation is the killer app. I'm not a fan
         | but it's hard to deny it's a huge business and some people seem
         | to like it. Kind of like Las Vegas in a way.
        
           | caeril wrote:
           | It definitely has a killer app. Probably not a big enough app
           | to justify these prices, but one nonetheless.
           | 
           | As Stripe, PayPal, Visa, Gofundme, Patreon, et. al. shut down
           | avenues of payments for legal, but unpopular purchases, BTC
           | is the obvious workaround.
           | 
           | Vendors of firearms, pornography, legal funds for unpopular
           | causes, dissident content creators, etc have become
           | increasingly estranged from the "normal" payments market in
           | the last few years. BTC is the killer app for this.
        
             | newsclues wrote:
             | If BTCs killer app is criminal transactions, then
             | regulation is guaranteed.
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | > Vendors of firearms, pornography, legal funds for
               | unpopular causes, dissident content creators
               | 
               | Neither pornography, nor legal funds for unpopular cause
               | (think WikiLeaks), or dissident creators are criminal. At
               | least not in the US or Europe. But they are still blocked
               | by the main payment processing companies.
        
               | newsclues wrote:
               | The theory and reality don't match.
               | 
               | Drugs are likely the number one things bought using
               | crypto as currency.
               | 
               | Firearms and pornography can be bought with dollars if
               | you're using crypto to buy them or other unpopular goods
               | or services, you are veering dangerously close to black
               | markets, which invite regulation.
        
               | caeril wrote:
               | Right, but I'm specifically referring to _legal_ , but
               | _repressed_ transactions.
        
               | eecks wrote:
               | Is it illegal to transfer value from person A to person B
               | without the middleman?
        
               | alisonkisk wrote:
               | In many cases, yes. It's not the "middleman" that is
               | required, but reporting the transaction to the government
               | is.
        
               | mmcwilliams wrote:
               | If avoiding reporting a transaction is the goal does
               | committing the transaction to a public blockchain really
               | bypass this? All activity is pseudonymous and in the
               | clear.
        
             | puranjay wrote:
             | Privacy coins are far more suited for skirting regulations.
             | If that's the killer app, you would see mass adoption of
             | Monero, not BTC
        
             | TearsInTheRain wrote:
             | And we seem to be creating more and more dissidents
             | everyday
        
           | FabHK wrote:
           | > it's a huge business
           | 
           | Some people make lots of money of it, no doubt.
           | 
           | I'd say to qualify something as a business, there should be
           | value creation somewhere along the line. With BTC, I see
           | mainly redistribution of value, along with destruction of
           | resources.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | The crypto killer app is evading China's currency controls. Pay
         | for mining hardware and electricity in renminbi, transfer
         | cryptocurrency to foreign countries, exchange for convertible
         | fiat hard currency (dollars, euros, etc.).
        
           | user-the-name wrote:
           | Worth noting that those dollars and euros come from the
           | people buying bitcoins.
           | 
           | And there is no obvious place for further money to come from
           | once they want to cash back out.
        
         | doggosphere wrote:
         | _However three years on, crypto still does not have a "killer
         | app" and is 99.99% used for speculation._
         | 
         | The killer app is decentralized, permissionless, open source,
         | and censorship resistant network.
         | 
         |  _Bitcoin 's narrative has had to morph from "digital currency"
         | to "digital gold"._
         | 
         | Gold morphed from worthless rocks in the the ground, to coins
         | traded by traveling merchants, to stores of value that were
         | eventually centralized and monopolized by governments.
         | 
         | RE: Tether I don't trust them either, but we need more evidence
         | of this alleged printing. We saw that they did remove the 1:1
         | peg briefly when Crypto Capital in Panama (?) froze a few
         | hundred million of their USD.
         | 
         |  _Bitcoin now finds itself a high tech manifestation of the
         | very thing that Satoshi sought to address._
         | 
         | Bitcoin is sound. The centralized exchange layer built on top
         | of it is dirty.
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | I find this a little bit too biased. The Bitcoin universe is
           | waving between a lot of reason why to love bitcoin and it
           | shifts often.
           | 
           | I stopped following the money side of it (atm and sites
           | accepting btc) but a vast majority of btc and cryptos
           | attention right now.. is simply better yearly returns than
           | other kinds of possessions.
        
           | vorpalhex wrote:
           | > The killer app is decentralized, permissionless, open
           | source, and censorship resistant network.
           | 
           | Yes, but what can I do with that other than toot/tweet/twit
           | at other people and buy LSD tabs?
        
             | doggosphere wrote:
             | With Bitcoin you own property that can never be confiscated
             | or debased by any government.
             | 
             | With IPFS you can host and access files that can't be
             | censored. (same level of censorship resistance as torrents)
             | 
             | With Monero you can transact free from surveillance.
             | 
             | The biggest applications on Ethereum right now is
             | decentralized finance, with billions of dollars locked in.
        
               | mdoms wrote:
               | > With Bitcoin you own property that can never be
               | confiscated or debased by any government.
               | 
               | So the killer app for bitcoin is owning bitcoin?
        
               | corrys wrote:
               | Bitcoins have been confiscated by many governments. A
               | quick Google search reveals many instances of that.
        
               | doggosphere wrote:
               | Lets clarify semantics.
               | 
               | Can the government seize Bitcoin directly? No.
               | 
               | Can the government seize your bank account directly? Yes.
               | 
               | Can they threaten you with jail if you don't hand over
               | your Bitcoin? Yes
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | _Can the government seize Bitcoin directly? No._
               | 
               | Yes, it can. The U.S. government has _in fact_ seized
               | Bitcoin directly and sold it at auction several times. It
               | is arguably the single largest non-exchange seller of
               | Bitcoin in Bitcoin 's history.
        
               | doggosphere wrote:
               | It can only be taken in these events:
               | 
               | 1) Seed phrases are discovered (ie. plaintext document or
               | physical artifact).
               | 
               | 2) Seed phrases are handed over by willing party.
               | 
               | If #1 doesn't exist, then #2 is the only option.
        
               | elvatoloco55 wrote:
               | Nobody here seems interested in actually understanding
               | how BTC works. It looks like a circle jerk of pseudo
               | intellectuals coping with not buying early.
        
               | schmichael wrote:
               | > With Bitcoin you own property that can never be
               | confiscated or debased by any government.
               | 
               | Private keys can be confiscated like anything else. They
               | won't do you much good if you're thrown in prison for not
               | turning them over if legally compelled. Sure you can try
               | to hide your ownership, but my point is that actual
               | cryptocurrencies are only one layer of very deep opsec
               | you need to resist state actors. For the common illegal
               | goods consumer it's unlikely to do much more than provide
               | a false sense of security due to other opsec failures
               | (use of phones, use of cookies, use of mailing addresses,
               | use of non-e2e chat, using a hosted wallet, lack of
               | anonymous vpn, etc etc etc).
               | 
               | > The biggest applications on Ethereum right now is
               | decentralized finance, with billions of dollars locked
               | in.
               | 
               | Interesting use of "dollars." How much is actually
               | Tether? How much is manipulated market cap (through wash
               | trading or more convoluted defi mechanisms)? How much is
               | actually liquid USD?
        
               | doggosphere wrote:
               | A wrench attack will always be the easiest vector. That
               | said, there is no other asset in history that gives you
               | this level of security for such marginal cost. The cost
               | of securing $100 is essentially the same as the cost of
               | securing $100m.
        
               | ProZsolt wrote:
               | The chances of loosing $100 is essentially the same as
               | the chances of loosing $100m. If you loose your private
               | key nobody can help you recover your money.
        
               | doggosphere wrote:
               | I would hope that someone with $100m in crypto is smart
               | enough to not leave their seed words on a piece of paper
               | on their coffee table.
               | 
               | Your exactly correct that nobody can help you recover
               | your money if you lose your keys.
        
             | damon_c wrote:
             | Here are a few projects that use Ethereum to do things that
             | have nothing to do with acquiring chemicals or crypto asset
             | speculation.
             | 
             | https://www.nucypher.com https://filecoin.io
             | https://alice.si https://www.augur.net
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | I can do all that right now without inserting a power-
               | wasting cryptocoin layer.
        
               | doggosphere wrote:
               | Go ahead subscribe to Pornhub with your credit card. Or
               | donate to Wikileaks with your paypal.
        
           | Proven wrote:
           | I don't think that's how gold became money.
           | 
           | It may have been less hoarded and used only for ornaments
           | because there was less trade and people were busy enough to
           | find, hunt or cultivate enough to survive. As trade took off,
           | gold became more useful because it _already was_ universally
           | valued everywhere.
           | 
           | > to coins traded by traveling merchants, to stores of value
           | 
           | Why would I accept gold coin in exchange for anything if I
           | don't already consider it store of value? It must had been
           | considered as store of value before merchants started using
           | it as money.
        
           | viraptor wrote:
           | > The killer app is decentralized, permissionless, open
           | source, and censorship resistant network.
           | 
           | That's the "how" part, not the "what". What's the killer app
           | implemented using that network? What do we do with it?
        
             | doggosphere wrote:
             | Lots of examples in this thread.
             | 
             | A replacement for gold is one.
        
               | pionar wrote:
               | > A replacement for gold is one.
               | 
               | Gold is relatively stable and has physical backing. BTC
               | does not.
        
               | doggosphere wrote:
               | _Gold is relatively stable and has physical backing._
               | 
               | Up to 4% of China's gold reserves could be fake. Gold
               | fraud article: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/
               | international/worl...
               | 
               | Bitcoin is open source and completely auditable in an
               | instant.
               | 
               | As the price of gold goes up, the quantity supplied goes
               | up. Bitcoin's issuance protocol is fixed and unchangeable
               | unless the network agrees.
               | 
               | The cost of securing or transporting $1b of gold bars is
               | magnitudes higher than the cost of securing $1b of
               | Bitcoin.
        
               | incrudible wrote:
               | Securing $1 billion of bitcoin? Who needs to secure $827
               | million of Bitcoin? Securing $937 million of Bitcoin is
               | not a killer app.
               | 
               | In all seriousness, securing the _value_ of Bitcoin is
               | the problem that is not easily solved.
        
               | elvatoloco55 wrote:
               | Michael Saylor and every single fund that have bought
               | millions in Bitcoin?
               | 
               | Millions of people that are trying to secure value from
               | totalitarian goverments? Is it me or people here are
               | being trolls on purpose?
        
               | doggosphere wrote:
               | Bitcoin is bits of data on a network. It does exactly
               | what its supposed to do; a dictionary for strings to
               | integers.
               | 
               | Securing external value to people is not a goal or
               | responsibility of Bitcoin. That's simply a consequence to
               | how we as humans choose to use scarce assets.
        
           | rednerrus wrote:
           | The hurdle for bitcoin is finding a way for people to turn it
           | into a currency they can use. This is where you end up with a
           | centralized exchange layer built on top of it.
           | 
           | I can make a $12,000,000 transaction for $.35 but if I
           | actually want to get the money, I have to pay 2.5% to a legit
           | exchange or take my chances on some janky ass exchange. Why
           | not just transfer the money via ACH and pay the small fee and
           | save myself the headache?
        
             | doggosphere wrote:
             | In a long enough time frame, people transact with
             | cryptoassets directly and don't need to exchange into fiat.
             | We are early in this development, money as we know it is
             | changing.
        
             | jerry1979 wrote:
             | You can start by asking people to take bitcoin for various
             | transactions. For example, my friends and I all use it
             | settle debts between each other.
        
               | anakaine wrote:
               | The barriers to entry, usage, and understanding are just
               | too high for average Joe. That and how the value of their
               | money fluctuates compared to fiat makes it more difficult
               | to use as a daily currency. Also, when things go wrong
               | there's nobody to turn to in most cases.
        
               | nly wrote:
               | Bet you don't lend one another bitcoin though
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | What kind of an exchange charges 2.5%?
        
           | lawtalkinghuman wrote:
           | > The killer app is decentralized, permissionless, open
           | source, and censorship resistant network.
           | 
           | That's like saying the killer app of the internet is the
           | internet.
           | 
           | The web gives me access to information quicker and easier
           | than going to a library or bookshop. Email and IM means I can
           | communicate with people in other countries quicker and easier
           | than I could by post. Crypto doesn't change anything.
           | 
           | A few drug dealers and some people living in countries with
           | hyperinflation may care about "permissionlessness" and
           | "censorship* resistance", but for most people, actual money
           | is far, far more convenient.
           | 
           | * That's some Orwellian newspeak, btw. If someone defrauds me
           | and a court of law ensures that I am restituted, the reversal
           | of that fraudulent transaction isn't "censorship" because
           | stealing money isn't "speech" or "expression".
        
             | justicezyx wrote:
             | Digital gold is the kill app. That is enough to justify its
             | market cap.
             | 
             | For example, Chinese can use bit coin to exchange large
             | amount of funds to other currency, although this can only
             | be done in private because the official ban.
        
               | liuliu wrote:
               | You cannot. There is no exchange from CNY to Bitcoin.
        
               | justicezyx wrote:
               | Come on, it was banned, but there is plenty of
               | underground channel... Why is that even needed to be
               | mentioned...
               | 
               | Maybe I should be more clear in the OP.
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | > RE: Tether I don't trust them either, but we need more
           | evidence of this alleged printing. We saw that they did
           | remove the 1:1 peg briefly when Crypto Capital in Panama (?)
           | froze a few hundred million of their USD.
           | 
           | Tether's page (https://wallet.tether.to/transparency) claims
           | $23.6 billion in total assets. Despite their claims to
           | transparency, I see no report of what those assets are, how
           | risky those assets are, or any audit that assets they even
           | own those assets. Their front page has a big link saying
           | "Proof of funds", which leads to an audit published 21/2
           | years ago, claiming only $2.5 billion in cash in two bank
           | accounts with unnamed banks.
           | 
           | For a company that claims to be "always fully transparent,"
           | that is shockingly opaque.
        
             | Forbo wrote:
             | Especially considering their last auditor walked away from
             | the situation, I'd say the whole project reeks.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | > Bitcoin's narrative has had to morph from "digital currency"
         | to "digital gold".
         | 
         | M. Saylor is preaching this it seems. It's just a better asset
         | (less supply, no mass~)
        
         | marfusios wrote:
         | That's gonna be the killer app, low-cost global payments,
         | finally we can accept international payments from non-crypto
         | customers without ridiculous SWIFT or PayPal fees...
         | https://jimmymow.medium.com/announcing-strike-global-2392b90...
        
           | shuckles wrote:
           | Most global payments are transactions, not cash transfers,
           | and the transacting parties have banking relationships that
           | make those transfers low cost and strictly superior to
           | Bitcoin.
        
             | marfusios wrote:
             | As a freelancer based in EU working on some US projects,
             | I'm forced to pay 5.5% fee to PayPal or some fix fee to the
             | banks (SWIFT payment). Plus conversion fee from USD to EUR
             | (or my local currency).
             | 
             | That's too high for just a simple thing as receiving money
             | from different country. Really looking forward for that
             | Strike Global.
        
               | itsArtur wrote:
               | Use Revolut
        
               | nly wrote:
               | TransferWise?
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > I'm forced to pay 5.5% fee [..] > Plus conversion fee
               | from USD to EUR [...] > a simple thing as receiving money
               | from different country
               | 
               | Moving money between currencies has never been easier, or
               | cheaper. I would humbly suggest you're doing it wrong.
        
               | elvatoloco55 wrote:
               | Oh really? Fees are low for accepting foreign currency
               | for a business, please do tell your secrets. Lol, classic
               | US centric view
        
         | beaner wrote:
         | How do you square this with the observation that other fiat-
         | backed stablecoins like USDC, which are obviously legitimate,
         | are also printing massively?
         | 
         | It would seem to me that if transparent stablecoins with
         | utility are going up, the simplest explanation for tether going
         | up is that it serves the same role for people who have either
         | become accustomed to it from its earlier availability, or have
         | it as their only option due to jurisdiction. Not anything
         | nefarious.
         | 
         | There seems to be little actual evidence to support conspiracy
         | theories that Bitcoin's price movements are due to
         | mismanagement of tether.
        
           | therein wrote:
           | Except for timing time after time. Most rallies have a
           | corresponding Tether print right prior to them.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | The price of an asset goes up when money is being poured
             | into the asset. For many exchanges "money" means USDT, so
             | it makes perfect sense that USDT would be printed before a
             | rally, regardless of malfeasance on tether's part.
        
             | gillesjacobs wrote:
             | Is there any proof or data on Tether issuance preceding
             | rallies? Because I have seen this claim often made on
             | Twitter, but never with any sources.
             | 
             | I personally dislike Tether and avoid it, but strong claims
             | require strong evidence.
        
               | long wrote:
               | Here's an econ paper that studies that question: https://
               | www.researchgate.net/publication/342185292_Is_Bitcoi...
        
               | gillesjacobs wrote:
               | Thanks, I will have to read it carefully, but from the
               | abstract it doesn't seem as simple as "increased Tether
               | printing makes BTC rally." But if there is in fact a
               | statistically significant correlation, I would personally
               | wager there's causation and hedge my bets accordingly.
        
               | long wrote:
               | I think the abstract does effectively say that: "these
               | patterns are most consistent with the supply-based
               | hypothesis of unbacked digital money inflating
               | cryptocurrency prices." And this point is made more
               | forcefully in the paper.
               | 
               | FWIW, I don't have a strong opinion on the evidence
               | presented in the paper -- the analyses seem sensible, but
               | this isn't my field of expertise, so I'd be hard pressed
               | to point out, for example, what alternative analyses they
               | could / should have done.
               | 
               | Also, it's not even obvious to me that unbacked Tether
               | causing the BTC price rallies is necessarily a reason to
               | pull out; markets are weird.
        
           | ac29 wrote:
           | The argument isnt that there are no legitimate inflows of
           | other stablecoins (or traditional fiat currency) into bitcoin
           | prices. The problem is that Tether is ~80% of inflows [1],
           | and is dubiously backed at best. If 80% of the price support
           | disappears, prices will fall, and legitimate buy side
           | interest from other stablecoins or fiat will almost certainly
           | shrink as well.
           | 
           | [1] https://twitter.com/JacobOracle/status/134613308787753779
           | 2/p...
        
             | beaner wrote:
             | I think the author might be confusing volume for inflow,
             | but they're 2 different things.
        
         | dylkil wrote:
         | >Bitcoin's narrative has had to morph from "digital currency"
         | to "digital gold".
         | 
         | This narrative was an intentional morphing by various actors
         | within the space (Blockstream) who believed raising the
         | blocksize to allow higher throughput would cause
         | 'centralisation'. Instead they want people to use layer 2
         | solutions such as blockstreams own federated product Liquid.
        
           | suikadayo wrote:
           | I don't understand why you're being downvoted. Anybody who
           | was here before 2017 know what happened.
        
           | tromp wrote:
           | As explained by blockstream co-founder Greg Maxwell in [1],
           | the blocksize is constrained in order to ensure a steady
           | backlog of fee paying transactions, that allow bitcoin to
           | remain secure in the long term when block subsidy becomes
           | insignificant.
           | 
           | [1] https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5306354.0
        
             | dylkil wrote:
             | >that allow bitcoin to remain secure in the long term when
             | block subsidy becomes insignificant.
             | 
             | this line of reasoning is silly. To match the current block
             | subsidy with the current block size limit when miner
             | subsidy runs out the average transaction fee will need to
             | be >$127.
             | 
             | $45mil daily revenue / 350,000 txs per day
             | 
             | OR, you could increase the block size limit to 10mb,
             | allowing 3.5mil txs per day, or 100mb allowing 35mil txs
             | per day. Then the average fee paid per tx is significant
             | lower.
             | 
             | The reason this was argued against by blockstream was
             | because a bigger blocksize means more storage is needed by
             | the miner and more txs means better hardware and bandwidth
             | to process them, effectively pricing out normal people from
             | running full nodes.
             | 
             | Essentially, the ability for normal people to send a
             | transaction cheaply is being sacrificed so that normal
             | people can setup a full node. Counter intuitive imo.
        
               | suikadayo wrote:
               | > normal people can setup a full node
               | 
               | This argument was really silly too because people can
               | afford higher capacity drives, and better internet
               | connection according to Moore's Law
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | > when miner subsidy runs out the average transaction fee
               | will need to be >$127.
               | 
               | Stein's Law:
               | 
               | "If something cannot go on forever, it will stop."
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Stein#Stein's_Law
        
         | Mc_Big_G wrote:
         | > _Bitcoin 's narrative has had to morph from "digital
         | currency" to "digital gold_
         | 
         | "Gold's narrative has had to morph from currency to store of
         | wealth" Circa 1971
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | 1 BTC will still be 1 BTC after the Tether scam and scammers
         | are all history.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | This is true. It's also the tremendous irony of bitcoin
           | evangelists narrative that fiat is worthless yet constantly
           | touting every ATH (which is priced in that supposedly
           | worthless fiat). Who cares what BTCUSD is if USD worthless?
           | 
           | And then you realize that this is pure speculation and the
           | most ardent supporters are just praying for the greater fool
           | theory to rain good fortune on them.
           | 
           | You need look no further than Coinbase, supposed beacon of
           | our crypto future, IPO'ing and raising money in...that
           | worthless green piece of paper known as the US Dollar.
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | > You need look no further than Coinbase, supposed beacon
             | of our crypto future, IPO'ing and raising money in...that
             | worthless green piece of paper known as the US Dollar.
             | 
             | is it possible to do an ipo in crypto?
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | ...you mean like on one of the many many crypto
               | exchanges?
               | 
               | An ICO is just an IPO by a different name. There are also
               | crypto stock exchanges.
               | 
               | But more importantly, even if it weren't possible, why
               | would they ever sell their shares for worthless legacy
               | money? Unless...
        
             | jdhn wrote:
             | The vast, vast majority of "bitcoin evangelists" couldn't
             | care less about the actual mechanics of Bitcoin. They don't
             | care that it was created as a digital F-You to fiat
             | currency, and they don't care that it enables you to be
             | your own bank. Just look at /r/bitcoin. It's 99% price/hodl
             | memes, and 1% posts about the protocol & enhancements to
             | the protocol itself.
        
               | tromp wrote:
               | For bitcoin protocol discussion there is the Development
               | & Technical Discussion [1] on bitcointalk.
               | 
               | Some general cryptocurrency technical discussion can be
               | found on r/CryptoTechnology [2]
               | 
               | [1] https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?board=6.0
               | 
               | [2] https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoTechnology
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | In the decades-old tradition of foss collaboration, there
               | is also bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org, which is
               | quite good.
               | 
               | https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoi
               | n-d...
        
           | michaelchisari wrote:
           | And twenty-five years on, 1 Beanie Baby = 1 Beanie Baby.
        
             | awesomeandgreat wrote:
             | https://www.ebay.com/itm/1st-Generation-Millenium-Beanie-
             | Bab...
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | Can't you literally make more beanie babies?
        
               | alisonkisk wrote:
               | No, only counterfeits.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Did they pledge not to make any more, or did they just
               | stop making them with no commitment either way?
        
           | Tepix wrote:
           | Perhaps we can go back to buying a pizza for 1 BTC when this
           | is all over.
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | I'll happily sell you a pizza for 1 BTC today if you want.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | Not going to happen. It's a mindshare thing. If there are
             | 10 million people who think I may as well have a bit of my
             | portfolio in bitcoin that gives it value and that's
             | probably not going away in a hurry.
             | 
             | If anything it'll get worse as it goes from 1 million to 10
             | million to 100 million. Back when 1 bitcoin = 1 pizza there
             | were perhaps 1000 people into it?
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | You're not wrong, it's just that nobody cares about BTC
           | itself, but only about its value relative to USD.
           | 
           | Crypto is not a currency but an investment product; can we
           | please just accept that and talk about it for what it is?
        
             | leppr wrote:
             | "Nobody" is an exaggeration. There is a big community of
             | enthusiasts who enjoy cryptocurrencies for what they are
             | and enable, not for their USD value in the markets.
        
               | griffoa wrote:
               | What do they enable?
               | 
               | Is what they enable worth $40.000 to the enthusiasts?
        
               | leppr wrote:
               | _> What do they enable?_
               | 
               | I won't make the case for cryptocurrencies here, have a
               | look at ethereum.org for instance.
               | 
               |  _> Is what they enable worth $40.000 to the
               | enthusiasts?_
               | 
               | I'm not denying that the current price hike and media
               | attention has little to do with any other aspect than
               | "decentralized ponzi"/dollar escape. Was just correcting
               | a false statement.
        
         | mmiliauskas wrote:
         | Did you copy/paste this from 2017? :D
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | The fact that the above still remains true 3 years later is
           | pretty damning.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | It also suggests things will go on and we'll be in much the
             | same situation in years going forward.
        
               | blueline wrote:
               | As Keynes famously said, "Past performance is a guarantee
               | of future results"
        
               | virgilp wrote:
               | No it does not - that's an invalid inductive conclusion.
               | 
               | There are clear deadlines that may change everything
               | (apparently Jan 15th might be one of them, from the
               | twitter thread). Justice takes time, but trials do
               | eventually come to a conclusion. If that conclusion is to
               | kill the mechanism that pumps BTC, then all bets are off.
        
         | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
         | The killer app for Bitcoin is escaping government fiat money
         | that is backed by literally nothing at all and is being printed
         | at increasingly alarming rates. 40% of all USD ever created
         | were "made" in 2020. That will have repercussions for decades
         | and isn't a currency I want to stay in.
         | 
         | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M1
         | 
         | Ironically (or not) Bitcoin was created in 2009 right when that
         | graph gets really crazy.
        
           | TomSwirly wrote:
           | > government fiat money that is backed by literally nothing
           | at all
           | 
           | It would be really nice for people to spend even a few
           | minutes thinking about how money works, or open a textbook
           | even just to learn what you disagree with.
           | 
           | It's tiresome to explain over and over and over again to
           | people how the "full faith and credit of the United States"
           | is not "nothing at all" but in fact a guarantee of great
           | value, at least as good as any on any other security, and one
           | that is quite measurable (by for example comparing the prices
           | of full faith and credit securities with other almost
           | identical securities without this guarantee).
           | 
           | On the contrary, I'd say that it's the cryptocurrencies that
           | _by design_ are based on nothing at all.
        
             | elvatoloco55 wrote:
             | Whats is the value of the full faith and credit of
             | Venezuela, Argentina, Ukraine, India, Mexico etc etc?
             | 
             | Please do share your limited US centric view!
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | Backed by nothing...as opposed to bitcoin?
           | 
           | People who repeat this don't understand that fiat money is
           | based on trust...and that is not a bad thing.
           | 
           | This is why blockchain is fundamentally stunted: the global
           | society is based on trust and cooperation. Trustless systems
           | will never be able to compete in these arenas.
        
             | gthaman wrote:
             | _yawn_
             | 
             | speaking of jumping the shark, have you seen what
             | governments have been up to lately ?
             | 
             | interest rates at a 5,000 year low, moral hazard abound &
             | global fiat collapse imminent in the best case and in the
             | worst case we have banks/elites/governments who are going
             | to be looking to further enslave those in debt and forced
             | out of business/work with some dystopian debt forgiveness
             | scheme involving a 'vaccine' schedule and travel
             | restrictions or whatever else (use your imagination).
             | 
             | the truth is that everything mentioned in these comments
             | was an argument that had already been had years ago - the
             | markets reflect that - but i did enjoy reading the last
             | sentence of your original comment and thinking to myself
             | "am I reading Time Magazine ?"
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | 1) trying to distract the above problems by pointing out
               | other issues doesn't make them go away
               | 
               | 2) you talk about fiat collapse being imminent...USDT is
               | worth far less than any fiat (see: nothing) I don't get
               | how these ardent fiat haters don't see their entire
               | ecosystem has been coopted by something that has
               | infinitely less value than the thing they so despise
        
               | mockery wrote:
               | Seems to me like you're tacitly agreeing with GP here -
               | you're just making a claim about which currency system
               | you trust more! (And attempting to convince others of the
               | same position.)
        
               | mkr-hn wrote:
               | And yet people still buy T-bills.
        
           | user22 wrote:
           | I have a question, isn't the problem with the gold standard
           | that the amount of dollars is fixed and in order to have
           | enough currency to drive a rapidly growing economy you would
           | in essence be buying a gallon of milk for .25 cents?
           | 
           | It seems to me that either you the amount of currency in
           | circulation needs to increase or the value of the existing
           | currency needs to increase.
           | 
           | Taking into account the gold standard was used for possibly
           | centuries (not sure) was this problem encountered before and
           | how was it solved?
        
             | ldiracdelta wrote:
             | Yes. That is called deflation. It also has to do with
             | fractional reserve banking. The fraction of your
             | outstanding dollars that you could actually cover with
             | gold. If no one ever wants to make a run on your bank, you
             | can keep the fraction very low.
        
               | user22 wrote:
               | I understand the deflation part, but my question really
               | was is it an economy the size of the united states even
               | possible if we stayed on the gold standard.
        
               | TearsInTheRain wrote:
               | Not having enough money to transact would definitely have
               | suppressed our economic growth, but then again maybe we
               | would have gotten really good at mining for gold to make
               | up for it
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | "Really good at mining." This might be good point to
               | compare with BTC. Where huge amounts of electricity is
               | spend on doing essentially useless calculations, outside
               | keeping the system safe and running.
               | 
               | Good at mining would have meant spending good part of our
               | economic output to mine gold and then just storing it
               | somewhere or moving it around...
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | My rule of thumb for money supply:
             | 
             | adjustable, with a benign regulator > fixed > adjustable,
             | with a corrupt regulator
             | 
             | So, the aim shouldn't be a return to the gold standard or a
             | switch to BTC, but to make sure that central banks can do
             | their job without interference from politicians.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | To the left of that list I'd put "self-adjusting, without
               | needing a regulator."
               | 
               | Hayek argued that a system of competitive privately-
               | issued currencies would achieve that. I'm not qualified
               | to say whether he was correct, but an economy built on
               | cryptocurrencies would be exactly that.
        
             | spiralx wrote:
             | A shortage of bullion in Europe during the 15th century
             | caused problems everywhere. That was followed by a huge
             | influx of gold from the Americas in the 16th century, which
             | also caused massive problems across the continent!
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Bullion_Famine
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_revolution
             | 
             | Both under- and over-supply had negative effects on the
             | economies of Europe.
             | 
             | The gold standard really was a primitive fiat currency
             | anyway, governments would debase coins so they contained
             | less gold in order to expand the money supply for instance.
             | And only a small fraction of coins would be gold anyway,
             | silver was far more common - the Pound Sterling takes it's
             | name from a pound of silver from the easterlings (Germans).
             | Paper money just made it obvious that physical currency was
             | only a representation of wealth and not a fixed unit of
             | wealth itself.
             | 
             | The gold standard is basically a political myth about a
             | system that never really existed. Money is a very abstract
             | concept, and reducing it to physical tokens and easily
             | intuitive rules is appealing to many.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
             | https://wtfhappenedin1971.com/
             | 
             | This was posted to HN and it was quite eye-opening. For
             | those that don't know, 1971 was when the gold standard was
             | abandoned by Nixon. I don't know if the graphs are cherry-
             | picked and I hope they were honestly since the US is never
             | going back to the gold standard and it seems to have far-
             | reaching negative effects in every aspect of human life.
             | 
             | To answer your .25 cent milk question it seems to have not
             | been a problem in history and health of the country before
             | 1971. The profits and benefits of the rapidly growing
             | economy have pretty much all gone to the ultra wealthy that
             | are nearest to and in control of the money printer.
        
               | openasocket wrote:
               | I think this is a gigantic leap. They show a whole bunch
               | of graphs without even advancing a theory as to how
               | abandoning the gold standard caused a decline in, for
               | example, employee compensation growth. Or divorce rates.
               | Or ... obesity rates, really? There's so many graphs on
               | here that it would take forever to dispute all of them,
               | but here's some general points.
               | 
               | 1. A lot of these graphs start at 1940 or 1950, showing a
               | change in the trend in the early 1970s. But that was the
               | end of WW2, where Europe was in ruins and rebuilding and
               | America saw a massive increase in prosperity and economic
               | output. That was a pretty unique period, it's only
               | natural for that trend to diminish or change over time.
               | 
               | 2. A hell of a lot happened in the late 60s and early
               | 70s, not just abandoning the gold standard. One of these
               | graphs is of the incarceration rate. Do you think we
               | started seeing mass incarceration at that time because we
               | abandoned the gold standard, or do you think it was
               | because of the war on drugs?
               | 
               | 3. Some of these graphs are deliberately misleading. One
               | is of the cumulative inflation rate, and seems to show
               | the inflation accelerate in the early 1970s. Except a
               | healthy economy should have a steady inflation rate each
               | year (of around 2% I believe), so this graph is supposed
               | to be exponential! They just picked the right window so
               | that 1971 is the inflection point.
        
               | hannasanarion wrote:
               | The change from the gold standard is almost certainly a
               | coincidence. Whether the dollar is backed by gold or
               | government promises doesn't make businesses decide to
               | give less money to their workers and more to their CEOs.
               | 
               | A much more relevant development in the 70s was the
               | switch in economic policy priorities from demand-side to
               | supply-side. Nixon was the first president who
               | prioritized tax cuts, union busting, subsidies, and
               | legalizing outsourcing to cheaper labor markets in China
               | and SEA. Every government since has given corporations a
               | blank check to cut labor costs by any means necessary to
               | prioritize profit.
        
               | chalst wrote:
               | Those graphs paint a fair picture of the nature of the
               | crisis, but I am not so keen on their explanation.
               | 
               | Nixon ended gold convertability, but the USD was not on a
               | true gold standard and was in danger of not being able to
               | fulfill this obligation. The standard was Bretton Woods,
               | it was an international framework for finance, and it was
               | the failure of the framework together with the OPEC oil
               | crisis that caused the mess documented in those graphs.
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | USD is backed by being valid for the redemption of
           | outstanding USD denominated invoices, loan repayments and tax
           | bills, all of which ensures demand to possess the currency
           | and are likely to continue to exist in increasing quantities
           | in future.
           | 
           | "Escaping" that for something which literally is backed by
           | nothing at all is a strange move.
        
           | puranjay wrote:
           | > literally backed by nothing
           | 
           | Backed by $750B in annual military spending
        
           | fuzzylightbulb wrote:
           | > backed by literally nothing
           | 
           | It is the only thing the government accepts for tax payments.
           | Given that you can be arrested for not paying your taxes it
           | is "backed" by the barrel of a gun, a threat to your very
           | being. In one sense this is the only real thing there is.
        
             | freewilly1040 wrote:
             | This argument doesn't really refute the argument for
             | bitcoin as digital gold. It's not as though you can't
             | exchange bitcoin to pay your taxes.
        
               | graeme wrote:
               | Gold has an intrinsic use value. Maybe not as high as its
               | current monetary value, but it isn't zero.
               | 
               | Bitcoin has no floor. You can only exchange bitcoin for
               | taxes if someone wants the bitcoin.
        
             | njarboe wrote:
             | Gold and silver became money for similar reasons
             | (probably). Kings and Emperors found that supplying their
             | armies was much easier (especially in peace time) if they
             | used the method of taxing the population in gold and/or
             | silver and then using that to pay their soldiers who would
             | supply themselves on the open market. That way you did not
             | have the standard problems of a planned economy. The
             | peasants have now need for gold, so they would not
             | need/want to trade stuff for it unless they were forced to
             | have some to give to the tax man. It's much more
             | complicated than that, of course, but like fiat money, gold
             | and silver do not have much intrinsic value besides using
             | it to show off your wealth.
        
               | chaostheory wrote:
               | Maybe they didn't have any intrinsic value in the past
               | besides looking pretty but in the modern era both gold
               | and silver have industrial uses. They are not just stores
               | of value. One could also argue that both metals also had
               | intrinsic value in the past since both metals were used
               | in jewelry and various items to make them look good.
        
               | freewilly1040 wrote:
               | The industrial usefulness is an irrelevant byproduct when
               | considering gold and silver as an investment.
               | 
               | Put another way, if people lost faith in gold as an
               | investment tomorrow, and the value fell to the economic
               | value of the industrial use cases, investors in gold
               | would be ruined.
        
               | chaostheory wrote:
               | It is not irrelevant if the price is based on anything
               | else besides raw speculation. Gold and silver have always
               | had utility outside of trading.
        
             | paulgb wrote:
             | Indeed. A thought experiment: say the US government created
             | a USD-prime currency that floated freely from USD. You
             | could still use the USD in private transactions, but the US
             | government would only transact and tax in USD-prime. What
             | would be the fate of the original USD?
             | 
             | My belief that it would go to zero. I'm curious whether
             | "fiat is backed by nothing" proponents would disagree.
        
               | nicky0 wrote:
               | Both fiat currency and Bitcoin are backed by the same
               | thing: mass belief. An incredibly powerful thing.
        
               | paulgb wrote:
               | Yep, but my point is that one is mass belief that the US
               | government will continue wanting USD, the other is a mass
               | belief that other people will continue wanting BTC. Both
               | could be right, both could be wrong, but they are not the
               | same proposition.
        
               | nicky0 wrote:
               | Don't forget that the US gov itself is also propped up by
               | mass belief. Its authority rests in the people.
               | 
               | Now you might say "actually its authority rests on people
               | with guns", but that's only to the extent that the people
               | with the guns believe in the governments's authority to
               | tell them who to point them at.
               | 
               | Underneath all is belief and sentiment.
        
             | Acrobatic_Road wrote:
             | >It is the only thing the government accepts for tax
             | payments. Given that you can be arrested for not paying
             | your taxes it is "backed" by the barrel of a gun, a threat
             | to your very being. In one sense this is the only real
             | thing there is.
             | 
             | That's more than enough reason why we should try something
             | else. It doesn't inspire a lot of confidence. By that
             | reasoning, the USD has the same sort of backing as the
             | Venezuelan Bolivar. So what's to stop the prior from
             | becoming like the latter?
        
               | vorpalhex wrote:
               | One has more guns(planes, tanks, etc) than the other.
        
           | chalst wrote:
           | The 40% relates essentially to cash-like assets, which is a
           | tiny part of the total USD money supply. The total has not
           | grown drastically.
           | 
           | See https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_supply
        
           | patagonia wrote:
           | Money is not property. Money is an entry on a ledger, which
           | tracks credits and debits. So yes, fiat currency is not
           | redeemable for a physical asset. But if it was redeemable,
           | what ensures that say gold or a chicken will suffice to
           | settle a debt or serve as credit for a future transaction.
           | Chickens die and gold is only as valuable as your skills as a
           | trader. The ledger and all of the social norms and
           | institutional structures that accompany it is what maintains
           | financial wealth.
           | 
           | Preventing debasement of currency via inflation via printing
           | money, which a lot of people use as their go to argument
           | against fiat money, is simply adding economy wide debt to the
           | ledger. This is necessary from time to time especially during
           | crises and especially in a services/financial services/
           | intellectual property heavy economy.
           | 
           | If no money existed, at all, how would you receive
           | compensation for providing work of an IP nature to your
           | neighbor. You would need either a perfect trade (you really
           | want their chicken it's just the right amount of chicken for
           | you) or you take an iou. Which is a debt. Now have them write
           | that iou down on a piece of paper and hand it to you. Your
           | neighbor just printed money. Not so crazy.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | raesene9 wrote:
           | That only works when people take payment in BTC without
           | translating the value provided back to a Fiat currency.
           | 
           | Until that time, expansion of the USD (or other Fiat) supply
           | impacts the "value" that BTC has.
        
             | dmichulke wrote:
             | During the gold standard, did people take payment in gold?
             | 
             | I don't think so...
             | 
             | They used paper that symbolized "withdrawal rights to
             | gold". USD (or any other piece of paper that people agree
             | has a value) is a perfect currency for exchange, it's just
             | not a great store of value.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | > did people take payment in gold?
               | 
               | No, but prices were denominated in gold, effectively, as
               | the price of gold was fixed. That was the whole point.
        
               | raesene9 wrote:
               | The point I was responding to was saying that they wanted
               | to get away from USD and that this was BTC's killer app.
               | 
               | My point is that you can't "get away" from USD, while the
               | BTC market is effectively tied to USD.
               | 
               | so if the USD supply is massively inflated, and people
               | can use those USD to buy BTC, the tie is still there.
               | 
               | If and when people denominate their goods and services in
               | BTC without any reference to a fiat amount, then they are
               | decoupled and BTC loses the tie to USD.
        
               | Majromax wrote:
               | > USD [...] is a perfect currency for exchange, it's just
               | not a great store of value.
               | 
               | USD is a _fantastic_ store of value. Since 1982 (arguably
               | the beginning of the modern inflation-targeting era), the
               | USD has lost no more than 6.3% of its value year-over-
               | year, nor gained more than 2% (CPI measured, source
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCSL#0).
               | 
               | In contrast since 2016, Bitcoin has 60% of its value
               | year-over-year (2018) and gained 1700% (also 2018).
               | 
               | A store of value is _not_ a story of appreciation and
               | hoping for a gain, it 's a story about holding a stable
               | and most importantly predictable value into the future.
               | The USD more than satisfies this condition. Bitcoin does
               | not, no matter its speculative merits.
               | 
               | Most importantly, society does not owe people a fictional
               | store of value guaranteed to never lose purchasing power.
               | People don't eat quarters, nor do they live under dollar
               | bills. It strains credulity that a nominal token (however
               | minted) should hold a guaranteed value, without taking
               | capital-like risks required of any productive investment.
        
       | csomar wrote:
       | OP gives no proof that Tether is not holding 1:1 reserves. There
       | is, however, a good proof that they do: Tether has held the 1:1
       | beg pretty well recently. Bitcoin price dropped to $4.000 last
       | year and Tether exchange rate has held pretty well. It is
       | important to mention that USDT is still liquid despite the lack
       | of USD on/off-ramps. People regularly sell USDT on the offline
       | market, and can exchange to USDC on many exchanges.
       | 
       | > But Tether is printing so much money.
       | 
       | So is USDC, and the price of Bitcoin is going higher. This means
       | Bitcoiners have lots of value in Bitcoin and some of them are
       | going to convert that value to USD. They are mainly using USDT
       | for that, for whatever reason.
       | 
       | > Tether printing press is driving Bitcoin price.
       | 
       | Wrong. My proof for that is "where is the premium to buy
       | Bitcoin". In a very liquid market (which for the most part,
       | crypto is), prices should be the same up to the costs
       | (transaction and banking fees). Prices have been higher in
       | Coinbase during this run. As I am typing right now, Coinbase
       | prices are 50-80 dollars higher for Bitcoin. GBTC is even more
       | ridiculous with 10-15% premium on price (but also GBTC is less
       | liquid/arb-able). This signifies that demand is coming from US
       | retail and institutional investors.
       | 
       | > Tether is holding USD as securities/derivatives/whatever.
       | 
       | All of them are. See: https://omarabid.com/usd-stable-coins
        
         | Slartie wrote:
         | If Tether Ltd. had at any point in time made any significant
         | USDT -> USD redemptions that outweighed the new USDT given out
         | to new buyers, we should have seen that by a significant number
         | of Tethers being destroyed. Looking at the historic Tether
         | market cap on CoinMarketCap - which is practically equal to all
         | non-destroyed tethers due to USDT being pegged to the USD -
         | however does not reveal any significant drop in Tether market
         | cap ever that could be an indication of actual redemptions. And
         | I refuse to believe that in all of Tethers' history, with all
         | of Bitcoins' ups and downs, there has never been a period in
         | which people weren't pulling more money out of the crypto
         | ecosystem than other people were putting fresh money in. I
         | would expect that to be the case in most of the Bitcoin
         | deflation phases.
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | Posting this again:
           | https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tether/
           | 
           | They did redeem from 2.8bn to 1.7bn. Which is like 40% of
           | their total value at the time. Is that significant enough?
        
             | Slartie wrote:
             | Ah yeah, you got me. Though I don't really count that as
             | good evidence for an actual "redemption" since it
             | apparently was burning Tethers that came from Bitfinex:
             | https://www.coindesk.com/tether-just-burned-500-million-
             | usdt...
             | 
             | And since Bitfinex is the owner of Tether Ltd., there is
             | unfortunately no outsider that could credibly confirm to
             | have actually received any USD in exchange for those burned
             | Tethers. Bitfinex might just as well have sold Bitcoins
             | from its own stash (or from customer wallets) to others for
             | USDT and then burned those USDT in order to stabilize the
             | USDT/USD price which wasn't exactly holding up well at that
             | time. If they had actually printed more USDT than they have
             | USD in the past, this would be a smart move in order to
             | distribute the "missing" funds more evenly across multiple
             | crypto coins in their custody, which makes it less likely
             | for them to run out of one of them and thus makes it less
             | likely for the alleged scam to come to light.
        
         | user-the-name wrote:
         | > OP gives no proof that Tether is not holding 1:1 reserves.
         | 
         | Other than, you know, they themselves admitting under oath that
         | they did not.
        
         | dandanua wrote:
         | The proof is that Tether almost never deleted any of its
         | tokens, even when Bitcoin dropped significantly, e.g. from $10k
         | to $5k in 2020. Does it mean that no one wanted their USD back
         | from Tether organization? I highly doubt it.
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | They do: https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tether/
        
         | paulgb wrote:
         | I mostly agree with your skepticism on USDT driving BTC price,
         | but I disagree with this:
         | 
         | > There is, however, a good proof that they do: Tether has held
         | the 1:1 beg pretty well recently.
         | 
         | All this proves is that they have _something_ in reserve, not
         | that it is 1:1 backed. Most modern banking operates on a
         | fractional reserve system, but when I take cash out of my bank
         | account I get a cash dollar 1:1 with what they debit my
         | account; they don't prorate it for the amount of reserve they
         | have.
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | That's good for 97% of the time, but not for the 3% where
           | prices either crashes or goes way-up (volatility blackswan).
           | These stressful situations tests the 1:1 peg. (which is why I
           | mentioned the $4000 price crash). They probably have 1. good
           | reserves ratios and 2. very liquid assets as reserve.
        
             | paulgb wrote:
             | The difference between having 1:1 backing and "pretty good"
             | reserves is that if they claim (as they do) to be 1:1
             | backed and it were to come out that they were not, it could
             | spark a "run on the bank" type scenario for everyone to get
             | their money out while they can.
        
               | csomar wrote:
               | It's not like it didn't happen before (it happened
               | twice), and their rate diverged from the 1:1. Actually,
               | their rate wasn't that super stable until very recently.
               | The reason why I think they are fully backed is that the
               | crypto-market yield for USD in the last few years have
               | been crazy. So unless you are planning an exit scam, you
               | can't go broke. Even if they are losing money to move the
               | money, or they screw up here or there (get accounts
               | blocked), they can still come on top.
        
             | jVinc wrote:
             | Lets pretend Tether has no backing what so ever. They could
             | still defend the peg 1:1 completely. How? Well if someone
             | wants to sell a bunch of tether, they simply print even
             | more tether, use that to buy crypto on exchanges, and sell
             | that crypto to anyone willing to buy it that generates
             | dollars to pay of the person selling their tether. But that
             | also leves them with the tether that was sold back to
             | dollars, which they can then buy more crypto with an either
             | just hold or also sell to generate dollars. The visuals of
             | this from an outside ends up looking effectively like there
             | was just ton more new money coming into the system when in
             | fact the exchanges and new money took a hit, and the money
             | printing people just raised their perceived holding without
             | backing. That is to say, that in this case the event of
             | someone wanting out looks like the market is rising. You
             | can keep this going as long as your un-backed coin can be
             | exchanged for other liquid crypto.
             | 
             | As long as they have a blindly trusted money money printing
             | machine, they can use it to defend the illusion that it's
             | printing real money. This is thes standard playbook for a
             | pyramid scheme. You use new money to keep the illusion of a
             | big holding and you can keep that going as long as the
             | illusion holds.
        
           | sekai wrote:
           | > but when I take cash out of my bank account I get a cash
           | dollar 1:1 with what they debit my account; they don't
           | prorate it for the amount of reserve they have.
           | 
           | Now try taking out 50 million or more, you'll face same
           | difficulties.
           | 
           | This tether nonsense comes up every few months, still
           | adamantly holding the 1:1.
           | 
           | Not mentioning that it's not the single dollar peg option in
           | crypto space anymore, plenty of other options USDC, Dai.
        
             | paulgb wrote:
             | > Now try taking out 50 million or more, you'll face same
             | difficulties.
             | 
             | Sure but that's my point. The fact that my small volume
             | transactions go through without friction is not proof that
             | the system is not fractional reserve. In the case of a
             | (properly run) bank the value still exists but isn't
             | liquid; in the case of USDT we don't know without an audit.
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | > It is important to mention that USDT is still liquid despite
         | the lack of USD on/off-ramps.
         | 
         | USDT is only liquid _BECAUSE_ there is no redemption mechanism
         | (or at least not one that has ever been demonstrated). If
         | Tether came and said  "sure we'll redeem these fully backed
         | Tethers for USD 24/7/365" you would quickly find yourself with
         | a liquidity crisis.
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | People can sell USDT for crypto, USDC or offline. If Tether
           | didn't have good reserves, the price will diverge from 1:1.
        
             | qeternity wrote:
             | No, instead of just stating it, explain to me.
             | 
             | Tether's reserves only matter when people try to redeem
             | Tethers. This is currently not possible.
             | 
             | So it is purely a trust game right now, and everyone has an
             | incentive to trust (or turn a blind eye) that Tether is
             | playing by the rules.
        
               | csomar wrote:
               | > Tether's reserves only matter when people try to redeem
               | Tethers. This is currently not possible.
               | 
               | This is why being liquid and freely trade-able matters.
               | Tether is fully redeemable if you can trade it against
               | other crypto/stable coins. Want to redeem USDT? exchange
               | it to USDC and then withdraw to your bank account.
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | No, trading is not redeeming. The fact that you will buy
               | it from me or swap me USDC does not prove that they have
               | any reserves.
               | 
               | So again I ask - how do we have any proof that Tether has
               | the reserves they claim they do?
        
               | csomar wrote:
               | Somebody will need to take the counter-trade (the
               | arbitrage dude) and unless he can redeem to close the
               | circle, he is going to stop.
               | 
               | USDT are redeemable to your bank account if you have a
               | good sizable balance (talking 7-8 figures). You'll get it
               | deposited from some of their offshore shell companies.
               | But you didn't hear it from me :)
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | No, they don't. There doesn't need to be an arbitrage. If
               | you have 10 USDT and I give you 9.90 USD for
               | that...nothing else needs to happen.
               | 
               | But the degree that this is happening pales massively in
               | comparison to the billions that are sat on exchanges and
               | recycled.
               | 
               | Tether would be the first legitimate billion dollar
               | operation where people have to say things like "but you
               | didn't hear it from me".
        
               | jrh206 wrote:
               | > No, they don't. There doesn't need to be an arbitrage.
               | If you have 10 USDT and I give you 9.90 USD for
               | that...nothing else needs to happen.
               | 
               | I'm not an expert, so I might be wrong (seriously, not
               | sarcastically). I _think_ this is technically arbitrage
               | even though you never complete the loop.
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | I'm a hedge fund trader. It's not an arbitrage. It's the
               | furthest thing from an arbitrage.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >USDT is only liquid BECAUSE there is no redemption mechanism
           | (or at least not one that has ever been demonstrated).
           | 
           | For the bystanders here, I've made a reply to a comment
           | similar to this in sibling thread:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25686965
        
             | rednerrus wrote:
             | If there is a USD to USDT match, where are the audits?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Is that relevant? I'm not arguing against the claims that
               | tether is shady, I'm only arguing against the outrageous
               | claims that you can't convert USDT back to USD that some
               | tether opponents claim.
        
               | jVinc wrote:
               | Well ofcause you can. A pyramid scheme keeps paying out
               | profits to the chumps right up to the point when it
               | doesn't.
               | 
               | The argument here isn't that Tether has no cash on hand,
               | it's that if enough people pull out, they hit the the
               | bottom of the non 1:1 reserve and everyone else left
               | holding will zero out. If you have 1 kg of gold and start
               | selling papers giving people claim to that 1kg of gold,
               | nothing will prevent you from seeling 1000 claims, making
               | it seem like you're holding a ton of gold for people when
               | looking at the market cap, but if 2 people come and ask
               | you for their 1kg of gold and you don't have enough of
               | the cash you got seeling claims on hand and an oppotunity
               | to buy gold quickly, then from one day to the next 999
               | claims are worthless.
               | 
               | This is of cause not a big risk in the industry normally
               | because markets are regulated and those who hold gold or
               | other assets backing claims go through audits.
               | 
               | Naturally Tether can't go through an honest audit because
               | even though they might be holding enough cash to cover a
               | decent amount of the market, it would expose them for
               | lying over time, which would still hurt their business
               | tremendously.
        
           | nebulous1 wrote:
           | > USDT is only liquid BECAUSE there is no redemption
           | mechanism
           | 
           | This isn't necessarily true, as in that event, although
           | possible, wouldn't necessarily have happened. Much like banks
           | with limited liquidity can survive for a long time. To your
           | point, it's confusing how they managed to thrive after
           | admitting that they were lying about being backed 1:1.
           | 
           | Edit: I haven't been paying too much attention to tether in
           | ages. It looks like they're now offering redemption of $100k+
           | at a minimum of $1000 a pop?
        
         | FireBeyond wrote:
         | > OP gives no proof that Tether is not holding 1:1 reserves.
         | 
         | I'm fairly certain that _Tether's_ lawyer said, in court, that
         | their reserves were closer to 0.74.
        
         | safog wrote:
         | There's a lot of bots doing arbitrage between exchanges though.
         | If one diverges significantly from the other, the bots will eat
         | up the difference, I don't think you can make any claims about
         | where the demand is coming from based on this?
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | Bots will arbitrage up to the transaction costs. (the price
           | is not worth arbing if it is a small difference). Some
           | exchanges, sometimes, lead the price and this can be visible
           | if you are actively trading (you'll notice that the arb bots
           | are selling in one exchange and buying in the other, aka:
           | bearish exchange trailing the market).
        
       | tomtomtom777 wrote:
       | I still don't quite understand how they can manipulate the price.
       | 
       | The price of a USDT is 1 dollar. They give out new USDT for $1 a
       | piece.
       | 
       | Sure, they may be spending these dollars elsewhere, thus holding
       | a fractional reserve. Sure this may illegal and get them in
       | trouble.
       | 
       | But this doesn't effect the dollar value for which these USDT's
       | and thus Bitcoins are traded.
       | 
       | As long as a USDT is $1, nobody is manipulating the price.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Not the Tether price, but that's not what the article is about;
         | the article is that they print USDT and use it to buy BTC,
         | increasing demand and causing the BTC price to go up. No
         | dollars involved, not directly.
        
         | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
         | > _The price of a USDT is 1 dollar. They give out new USDT for
         | $1 a piece._
         | 
         | If this were the case, Tether would be back by cash. But it
         | isn't: they claim it's backed by cash, cash-equivalents and
         | receivables from loans, including loans to affiliated entities
         | (or some similar language).
         | 
         | So, for example: they could create 1M USDT and immediately loan
         | it to their associated crypto-hedge-fund (for zero interest).
         | The hedge-fund promises to repay that loan in USD (creating
         | 'reserves' for USDT), and immediately places buy orders for
         | Bitcoin; generating demand for Bitcoin that will raise the
         | price.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | Scams always work on the way up. Madoff operated a Ponzi scheme
         | for 17 years before running out of money. He simply used his
         | bank account to pay off anyone who wanted to withdraw. As long
         | as more total money flows in than flows out of the system, it
         | doesn't fall apart.
         | 
         | The entire narrative around BTC is "HODL", and the only thing
         | people really do with it is buy and hold. Money is flowing into
         | the system, so there's room for scams to operate undetected
         | within those margins.
        
         | 3np wrote:
         | Well, what if you use those reserves to buy bitcoin on your own
         | exchange?
        
         | danivaz wrote:
         | The author is saying there are more tokens in circulation than
         | dollars in their reserve.
        
         | jaggirs wrote:
         | They print additional usdt, that are not backed by dollars, and
         | buy bitcoin with them.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | > I still don't quite understand how they can manipulate the
         | price.
         | 
         | They largely can't (especially that a good fraction of Bitcoin
         | is now held by institutional investors). But it makes up for a
         | good story.
        
         | julianlam wrote:
         | > The price of a USDT is 1 dollar. They give out new USDT for
         | $1 a piece.
         | 
         | That's circular logic isn't it? USDT is $1 USD and $1 USD is 1
         | USDT, therefore it is "stable".
         | 
         | That sentence in and of itself is meaningless.
        
       | seibelj wrote:
       | Permabears' final hope is that tether is a scam, because if that
       | fails they have nothing to grasp onto to explain bitcoin's rise
       | other than legitimate demand.
        
       | dgellow wrote:
       | Let's say you believe that Tether is a complete fraud and will
       | crash the market at some point. How do you take advantage of
       | this? I'm not myself trading, but I would be interested to know
       | how that kind of short works in practice. From what I understand,
       | that's what bitcoin futures can be used for?
        
         | grapehut wrote:
         | kraken supports shorting tether against USD
        
         | graeme wrote:
         | Cboe ended their bitcoin futures. As such there's no way to bet
         | on a bitcoin collapse that I know of, in a less risky options-
         | like way.
         | 
         | Shorts (if they exist) would be extremely risky, as you owe
         | more if bitcoin rises.
        
           | hndudette2 wrote:
           | There's many bitcoin derivative exchanges which allow you to
           | short, in addition to the CME's contract.
           | 
           | Bitmex, Huobi, etc.
        
           | otherjason wrote:
           | CME Group still offers Bitcoin futures, along with options:
           | https://www.cmegroup.com/trading/bitcoin-futures.html
        
             | graeme wrote:
             | Oh thanks. Where can you trade those? Couldn't find them on
             | questrade.
        
               | csomar wrote:
               | The minimum for CME is 5 bitcoins ($200k). So I guess
               | they are for the big dudes?
        
           | cdiddy2 wrote:
           | CME has fairly liquid futures
           | 
           | https://www.theblockcrypto.com/data/crypto-
           | markets/futures/a...
        
       | sharperguy wrote:
       | Surely the only way to keep the valuer of tether stable is to
       | "print" more of it whenever its value starts to increase?
       | Otherwise it wouldn't be always worth $1.
        
         | Triv888 wrote:
         | They would have to destroy some too at some point otherwise the
         | price would go down? Do they do that?
        
         | xur17 wrote:
         | That or provide on and off ramps that users can use to
         | arbitrage any deviations from a value of $1.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | Which they cannot do because 1) they don't have any banking
           | and 2) they cannot allow redemptions which would risk a run
           | on their reserves (to the degree those exist at all).
        
             | olalonde wrote:
             | Except they do allow redemptions:
             | https://app.tether.to/app/signup
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | Not sure if trolling but why would Tether ever be worth more
         | than $1? Printing USDT is not the same is issuing new fully
         | backed USDT.
        
         | callamdelaney wrote:
         | Tethers only value is as a proxy for the dollar, as such it can
         | only ever be worth a dollar. The exceptions are when a market
         | is crashing people would rather have dollars, and we will see
         | prices above a dollar due to high demand - though the intrinsic
         | value should never change.
        
           | alisonkisk wrote:
           | When market crashes Tether prices go _below_ a dollar because
           | dollars get (relatively) expensive.
        
       | ackbar03 wrote:
       | Wait I don't get it, it's not fully backed but it's still backed
       | somewhat right? I thought it was only a chunk of USD that was
       | missing? Or did they completely abandon the usd backing?
       | 
       | If it's still somewhat backed and just that chunk of usd that
       | remains unaccounted for, printing tether isn't exactly a scam?
       | People trade their usd for printed tethers and use that to buy
       | bitcoin, so it's still essentially people exchanging usd for
       | bitcoin
        
         | raesene9 wrote:
         | no-one knows how backed it is. iFinex claim it's 100% backed.
         | They may, or may not, be telling the truth.
         | 
         | The question is do you believe that billions of dollars are
         | flowing into an unaudited stablecoin when other, audited,
         | stablecoins exist...
        
           | dgellow wrote:
           | In 2019 Tether's lawyer was talking about 74% backed by cash
           | and "short-term securities".
           | 
           | Edit: I forgot to add the link, here it is
           | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-30/tether-
           | sa...
        
       | technics256 wrote:
       | Can anyone recommend a business bank replacement for Azlo, which
       | is also shutting down?
        
         | dtelepathy wrote:
         | I'm planning on giving BlueVine a try:
         | https://www.bluevine.com/checking/
         | 
         | Relay looks interesting too: https://relayfi.com/business-
         | banking
        
       | EVa5I7bHFq9mnYK wrote:
       | This is a qanon-style conspiracy theory going on for years now.
       | Just follow the money: tethers are freely traded vs USD on
       | multiple markets, including anonymous exchanges. If the
       | conspiracy theory were right, the price of 1 Tether would be less
       | than 1 USD. Meanwhile, it's very close to 1.00 USD on all the
       | exchanges.
        
       | Speednet wrote:
       | What a ridiculous Twitter thread showing absolutely no causality
       | between Tether and Bitcoin. You might as well show that SpaceX
       | rocket launches coincide with a rise in Bitcoin prices.
       | 
       | There was a successful SpaceX launch yesterday, and Bitcoin went
       | over $40,000 for the first time. In 2020, SpaceX had its best
       | year ever for successful launches and returns of the first stage,
       | perfectly coinciding with Bitcoin's meteoric rise in value. So
       | Bitcoin must be tied to successful SpaceX launches.
        
         | SNetForLife13 wrote:
         | Upvote this gentleman for being the final trinity-piece in this
         | mystery! HN-user Speednet is 1/3 rd of bitcoin's success!
        
           | Speednet wrote:
           | I can see I've been downvoted. I must have made a mistake.
           | Bitcoin prices are actually tied to Elon Musk's rising
           | wealth, not SpaceX launches.
        
       | mmastrac wrote:
       | Bernie Madoff ran the same alleged scam for years, including
       | giving interest to people in the fund. It would be even easier to
       | run with a non-interest-bearing fund and you'd never even notice
       | the money was missing unless there was a bank run.
        
       | pearjuice wrote:
       | I'm no expert but wouldn't it make sense that Tether has to mint
       | new USDT pegged to the price of BTC? If BTC price increases,
       | regardless of what reason, the next buyer has to somehow have
       | more USDT than there previously was in the system.
       | 
       | - B buys 1USDT for 1USD
       | 
       | - BTC sale at 1USDT from A to B
       | 
       | - person B now lists their BTC for 3USDT
       | 
       | - if person C now wants to buy this BTC for 3 USD, there has to
       | be an additional 3 USDT minted
       | 
       | Given new influx of money keeps happening to buy BTC, more and
       | more USDT needs to be printed. Meaning, extra USDT is printed
       | BEFORE the price increases. Because it's required to buy. Doesn't
       | explain why it's seldom burned. Nobody ever cashes out?
        
       | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
       | There is one question to ask here: "Why is so much of the volume
       | in BTC driven by USDT trades?", i.e. what exactly is so great
       | about Tether that we're supposed to believe everyone is actually
       | buying it?
       | 
       | It is supposed to be a stablecoin. That's meant to be exceedingly
       | boring. Tether is anything but boring, with all kinds of
       | intrigue, lack of transparency about its reserves, law suits and
       | so on.
       | 
       | There are a bunch of other stablecoins out there that just seem
       | like better propositions, so why does crypto price action
       | continue to be primarily driven by inflows from Tether?
        
       | nathansmith2017 wrote:
       | So, lets assume this is price manipulation is true. If they print
       | tether, and buy BTC/USDT on an exchange than someone else has to
       | go long the other side (USDT/BTC). When 600 mil of USDT was
       | printed and was used to purchase 600 mil of BTC/USDT, then who
       | purchased 600 mil USDT/BTC.
       | 
       | It doesn't make sense that people who want to cash out of BTC at
       | a certain price level will cash out through USDT because there is
       | no exchange to redeem USDT to USD directly. You have to cash out
       | through USD/BTC or USD/ETH.
       | 
       | There are arbs traders who maintain the peg the USD/USDT, but
       | arbs traders will always attempt to have a net 0 position, it
       | doesn't make sense for them to hold tether either. Defi flash
       | loans like AAVE and byz offer 0 collateral loans. If they are not
       | using flash loans, then they will post collateral with USD (as
       | this is presumably how they want profits) to short whatever
       | ticker they need to short for the arb play.
       | 
       | If bitfinex and tether keep printing tether, someone is holding
       | all this tether. A lot of this is probably held in defi liquidity
       | pools and AMM pools, but the total reserves in these exchanges
       | (Compound, curve, dydx...) is far less than the 600 million
       | printed.
       | 
       | Perhaps the same institutions printing are the last holders, but
       | Why would tether and bifinex hold their tether if it is truly a
       | scam? I am confused as to who the last holders of tether are, if
       | people are swapping tether for BTC and BTC for USD. Most people
       | that buy tether (other than people supplying liquidity pools) do
       | so to swap to another token for a real potential of gains, since
       | Tether will never gain in value significantly with a 1:1 peg.
        
       | thom wrote:
       | Even if Tether is a scam, it still seems like the market for
       | Bitcoin scams is infinite, so I'm not sure how much difference it
       | makes.
        
       | xur17 wrote:
       | The graphs show a strong correlation between printing of USDT and
       | the Bitcoin price rising, but it's not clear to me which one
       | triggers the other.
       | 
       | Interestingly, USDC seems to follow similar minting patterns, and
       | they post quarterly audits of their books / are much better
       | regulated.
        
         | raesene9 wrote:
         | They are better regulated and therefore less risky than Tether,
         | which raises the interesting question, Why is USDC circulation
         | only 20% of Tethers...
        
           | leppr wrote:
           | Have you considered the fact that "better regulated" might
           | not be an advantage for someone using it as a capital flight
           | tool? A big value proposition of Tether as an on-ramp is its
           | discretion.
        
             | raesene9 wrote:
             | Abolutely I have, I also think that regulators in places
             | like the USA are very likely to crack down on any company
             | providing that kind of service :)
             | 
             | The most likely threat to Tether as a currency (IMO), is
             | that one or more large countries outlaws its use, and/or
             | decides to prosecute its owners...
        
               | leppr wrote:
               | Don't put too much hope on that. The only country that
               | would realistically single Tether out to "outlaw" it
               | would be the US. They may do so, but even then they won't
               | be able to stop the redeeming process from taking place
               | abroad. That may mark the beginning of a slow decent, but
               | no threat to current holders of the token IMO.
        
           | pawelduda wrote:
           | Could be a first-mover advantage for Tether and the fact that
           | there haven't really been alternatives for a long time. Even
           | if there are now, people are slow to catch on...
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | > They are better regulated
           | 
           | You just answered your own question.
        
           | xur17 wrote:
           | I agree, and it does surprise me, but I think it's a mix of
           | 1. tether has been around a lot longer and is on a lot more
           | exchanges 2. tether is.. less well controlled by US
           | regulators and hence better for.. questionable exchanges to
           | list.
        
             | raesene9 wrote:
             | Challenge there is that it doesn't fit the narrative that
             | Tether give about the demand being from "institutional
             | investors". That kind of customer tends (IMO) to be very
             | risk averse.
             | 
             | Of course it is possible that Tether are getting custom,
             | but not the kind that wants to leave a bank trail. But if
             | that's the case they're going to fall foul of the
             | regulators sooner or later...
        
           | raziel2p wrote:
           | Almost as if crypto is mostly about investment speculation
           | and gambling, and not so much about actually useful assets.
        
       | grapehut wrote:
       | Might be good to get patio11's take on this. He's predicted the
       | last 5 tether collapses.
        
       | lai-yin wrote:
       | Anyone know the source of Jacob's chart in part 5 of his thread?
        
       | WMX123 wrote:
       | Not true since coinbase doesn't accept tether. so, how do you
       | explain bitcoin's rise on coinbase exchange without tether??
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | One thing the author and I agree on:
       | 
       | When Tether falls, it's going to make a very big noise.
        
       | jpmattia wrote:
       | The twitter thread is utterly fatuous, and another post this
       | morning on reddit laid it out pretty well:
       | 
       | > _This is just dumb but I 'll lay it out anyway: The NY AG
       | issued the first Tether subpoena in Dec 2017. The AG got the
       | financial info, found that tether was fully backed by dollars,
       | and that the Tether company lent some of those dollars to the
       | Bitfinex company, which is the basis of the NY AG lawsuit.
       | Bitfinex has since issued tokens to cover the loan.
       | 
       | To say that the NY AG got the subpoena info (which would require
       | more evidence than an audit and be under penalties of perjury as
       | well) found no backing and let them continue a ponzi is to say
       | that the NY AG is part of the conspiracy. So enough with the tin
       | foil hattery._
       | 
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/BitcoinMarkets/comments/ksvlc3/dail...
        
         | Slikey wrote:
         | > Dec 2017
         | 
         | I am fairly certain over 3 years passed since then.
        
           | jpmattia wrote:
           | Yes, I think that was their point: To suggest that the NYAG
           | got the financial info and has waited more than 3 years to
           | shut down an unbacked ponzi scheme is just tinfoil-hattery.
        
       | oxygenjoe wrote:
       | Or perhaps USDT is created as BTC price increases to ensure
       | exchange liquidity of USDT, allowing it to to stay very close to
       | $1
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | The net effect is the same though; the company behind Tether is
         | printing money from nothing and selling it for USD or BTC
         | (which can be sold for USD more reliably).
        
       | WMX123 wrote:
       | To people who think Tether manipulates Bitcoin price: How do you
       | explain Bitcoin doing so well on Coinbase when Tether is NOT
       | ACCEPTED on Coinbase???
        
         | MystK wrote:
         | If BTC's price is manipulated anywhere, the market adjusts for
         | it everywhere.
        
           | WMX123 wrote:
           | That makes no sense. Again, how can someone manipulate
           | Bitcoin on Coinbase with Tether when Tether is NOT accepted?
        
             | lippel82 wrote:
             | It does make sense. The price of BTC in USD is roughly the
             | same on every exchange. If some exchanges allow USD and
             | USDT interchangeably, the BTC price can be driven up by
             | trades that are conducted in USDT. The price on Coinbase
             | will adapt to that.
        
               | WMX123 wrote:
               | how will Coinbase "adapt"? it's a walled garden.
        
             | xenihn wrote:
             | Scenario:
             | 
             | Eth is $400 on Coinbase, Bitcoin is $12000 on Coinbase
             | 
             | Print 1,000,000 Tether
             | 
             | Buy $1,000,000 of Eth on an exchange that supports Tether
             | 
             | Sell $1,000,000 of Eth on Coinbase
             | 
             | Buy $900,000 (arbitrary post-sale amount from selling Eth)
             | of Bitcoin on Coinbase
             | 
             | Another scenario:
             | 
             | Bitcoin is $12000 on Coinbase
             | 
             | Bitcoin is $12000 on another exchange that supports Tether
             | 
             | Print 1,000,000 Tether
             | 
             | Buy $1,000,000 of Bitcoin on the exchange that supports
             | Tether
             | 
             | Bitcoin is now $12050 on another exchange
             | 
             | Coinbase price of BTC rises as arbitrage bots and manual
             | traders purchase cheaper Bitcoin on Coinbase and sell it
             | for profit on the other exchange until prices equalize
        
               | WMX123 wrote:
               | I still don't see that artificially inflating coinbase
               | bitcoin. plus only bitfinance would be able to
               | print/create tether. also, there's no evidence that
               | companies what you claim they could do.
        
               | xenihn wrote:
               | >I still don't see that artificially inflating coinbase
               | bitcoin.
               | 
               | I don't know how to explain it any more clearly to you.
               | 
               | >plus only bitfinance would be able to print/create
               | tether
               | 
               | Yes, but whoever controls the printing could then use the
               | Tethers on any exchange that supports them.
               | 
               | >also, there's no evidence that companies what you claim
               | they could do
               | 
               | You asked for an explanation of how it could be done, not
               | evidence.
        
         | orthecreedence wrote:
         | I mean...arbitrage? Isn't that obvious?
        
       | dsr_ wrote:
       | While correlation is not causation, correlation is evidence for
       | causation... and there's a lot of correlation in those graphs.
        
         | tomwojcik wrote:
         | It literally is not.
        
           | wegs wrote:
           | Correction: Correlation is evidence for causation. It's weak
           | evidence, and generally speaking, stronger correlation isn't
           | more evidence.
           | 
           | There's a gradual process to go from hypothesis to theory to
           | fact, and to get there, you need several types of independent
           | evidence. Correlational evidence is okay as one of those.
           | 
           | A correct statement is that correlation is not proof of
           | causation (no matter how strong).
           | 
           | Types of evidence:
           | 
           | * Correlation
           | 
           | * Theoretical basis / strong hypothesis
           | 
           | * Extrapolation
           | 
           | * Interpolation
           | 
           | * Small-scale well-controlled experiments (lab setting)
           | 
           | * Large-scale less controlled experiments (real-world
           | setting)
           | 
           | * Anecdotes
           | 
           | * ... and so on
           | 
           | You want several of those before you start to believe
           | anything, and some are stronger than others. Correlation
           | isn't fundamentally weaker than most of those, though; all of
           | those carry their own methodological issues. The number of
           | times you can have a large-scale perfectly-controlled
           | preregistered randomized control trial with no confounding
           | effects is exceptionally rare (some medical trials, and a few
           | other settings).
        
           | benibela wrote:
           | But it is
           | 
           | There are several algorithms that calculate the causal
           | structure from correlations: PC, GES, FGS, FCI
           | 
           | They are proven to be asymptotically correct
        
         | arvindamirtaa wrote:
         | >"...correlation is evidence for causation"
         | 
         | Yeah...that's not how it works.
        
           | arvindamirtaa wrote:
           | Causation may be evidence for correlation. But the reverse is
           | simply not true.
        
           | kilnr wrote:
           | I assume you've conflated evidence and proof?
        
         | jwalton wrote:
         | Correlation is definitely not evidence for causation. Also, if
         | you reverse the cause and effect, what analysis do you get?
         | When BTC prices are in the rise, it's because people are
         | putting money into crypto currencies. When people are putting
         | money into crypto, some of that money is probably going into
         | tether, so there's more demand for tether, so Bitfinex
         | increases the supply. With this reasoning, we get exactly the
         | same graph with a totally different meaning.
        
           | callamdelaney wrote:
           | > Correlation is definitely not evidence for causation.
           | 
           | Try telling this to climate change activists
        
       | tether--fork wrote:
       | Why hasn't anyone forked tether?
       | 
       | A tether fork call it 'tether2' can be 'backed by tether', with
       | the same legal setup (wyoming msb state license according to
       | fincen, which isn't real since wyoming exempts them). The issuer
       | of tether2 would accept 1 tether for one new tether2. This issuer
       | would immediately sell tether to get real dollars on an exchange
       | like Kraken while liquidity exists - usdt/usd pair, which is the
       | only real way to redeem tether, unless you directly deal with
       | tether(which mean you better be located in wyoming). When
       | redeeming the tether2 ppl can either get back tether or
       | optionally 1 real us dollar. So you effectively have front run
       | the inevitable tether bank run. Sure they have to put trust in
       | this new tether fork. You can steal tether's customers that are
       | worried and since the feds seem to have a blind eye towards a
       | company that isn't a bank and is most likely practicing
       | fractional reserve lending, you let the free market 'regulate'
       | tether. since you can always buy tether for a us dollar, but you
       | may not be able to sell tether for a dollar there is no risk of
       | selling tethers for real dollars.
       | 
       | Also what happened to the tether issued on bitcoin cash
       | blockchain through omni after the fork of bitcoin?
        
       | DJBunnies wrote:
       | This is propaganda from a competing altcoin.
        
         | diggan wrote:
         | Just like "Jacob Oracle" did on Twitter, you're gonna have to
         | provide at least some proof of your accusation. Now this is not
         | conclusive in any way, but the user has "Investing in #Bitcoin"
         | listed in their Twitter biography, hinting that they have more
         | to lose if Bitcoin loses it's price, rather than gain, so seems
         | they don't have anything but fairness to win with this. But
         | wouldn't be the first time someone lied on the internet.
         | 
         | Point still stands, proof or GTFO.
        
           | danivaz wrote:
           | Where is the proof of whether or not Tether was actually
           | injecting unbacked tokens? The tweet author just assumed
           | bitcoin spikes were being pumped by Tether, basically they
           | got the graph and put lines on it. Do you call that proof?
        
             | diggan wrote:
             | I don't have any inclination towards the tweets author
             | being right or wrong, I simply know too little about it.
             | But at least they are providing something to try to back up
             | their claim. If it's true or not will ultimately be up to
             | law enforcement, if it comes to that.
             | 
             | My point was that the tweets author is trying to back up
             | their claim while DJBunnies did absolutely nothing to try
             | to back up theirs.
        
           | emteycz wrote:
           | Indeed, show the proof of manipulation or GTFO
        
       | chrisa wrote:
       | I agree that a Tether reckoning is coming, but point #10 of that
       | thread is the most important: it could be weeks, months or
       | _years_ before it's fully corrected, so be super super super
       | careful about using Tether as a reason to short Bitcoin...
       | 
       | "The market can remain irrational longer than you can remain
       | solvent"
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | It's even worse than that. Shorting TSLA is dangerous because
         | of the above. But it's mitigated by people purchasing shares
         | with real fiat. They have a natural incentive to not be absurd:
         | whether or not $800/share is absurd is a matter of
         | opinion...but everyone would agree that $1m/share is absurd.
         | 
         | Tether has no such limitation. All the exchanges are complicit
         | in this, wash trading is rampant, and there's an de facto
         | central bank run by actual criminals. There is absolutely zero
         | reason why iFinex can't take bitcoin to $100k or $1m or
         | whatever they like. They only have opportunity costs.
         | 
         | The only thing keeping them in check right now is the
         | appearance of legitimacy. If they were to overdo it, people
         | might actually sell, which is not what they want. So until
         | their legitimacy is tested (Jan 15) they will probably
         | responsibly grind this higher. But on the last day, I expect
         | billions and billions of USDT issuance so that they can run
         | stops on every short in the market, collecting their last few
         | shekels before the music stops and they vanish to an island
         | somewhere.
        
           | dgellow wrote:
           | If they provide documents January 15th, I would expect at
           | least a few weeks before we get some information. That will
           | be interesting to follow.
        
           | chrisa wrote:
           | Do you know if the public will actually find out any info on
           | Jan 15th, or will that all be private, sealed documents? (I'm
           | a bit lost at how that process is going to work)
        
             | qeternity wrote:
             | IANAL and don't have any real understanding of this
             | process.
        
           | graeme wrote:
           | Wait what's the January 15th date?
        
             | raesene9 wrote:
             | Jan 15 is the next court date where apparently iFinex will
             | have provided all the required documents to the NYAG.
             | 
             | If the NYAG doesn't like what's in there I guess it may go
             | badly.
             | 
             | The courts document list is https://iapps.courts.state.ny.u
             | s/nyscef/DocumentList?docketI...
             | 
             | If you look at the latest one, it mentions the 15th.
        
             | michaelchisari wrote:
             | _Bitfinex and Tether have till the 15th of January to
             | submit documents to the New York state attorney general
             | about their financial relationship. The shortfall of $850m
             | was allegedly printed by Tether and given to Bitfinex to
             | cover up the losses Crypto Capital created. It is
             | speculated Bitfinex and Tether can 't submit any documents
             | without revealing their cover-up. This will result in the
             | conclusion that Tether isn't backed 1:1 by USD by a lot of
             | investors and will results in more investigation by the
             | attorney general. Tether is unaudited at the moment,
             | meaning no one checked the bankroll of Tether if there
             | really is $23b USD there._
             | 
             | https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/ksdfne/why
             | _...
        
               | ahelwer wrote:
               | The thing is $850m isn't actually that much money. The
               | big exchanges made on the order of several billion
               | dollars profit during the last bubble; presumably they
               | are also making that much in this one.
        
               | michaelchisari wrote:
               | It's not about the $850m per se, it's about the deep
               | suspicion that Tether does not have anywhere near the
               | _$23 billion_ in reserves they claim to.
        
               | WA wrote:
               | Sounds like Wirecard and they went down 90% in a week and
               | 99% in total within two weeks. Popcorn time.
        
         | dandanua wrote:
         | Tether has printed almost double of its amount just BEFORE
         | Bitcoin price jump. It's the biggest pump and dump scheme ever,
         | made by organized crypto-mafia. I doubt this will continue for
         | long.
        
       | tether-fork wrote:
       | Why hasn't anyone forked tether? What happened to the tether
       | issued on bitcoin cash blockchain through omni after the fork of
       | bitcoin?
       | 
       | A tether fork can be 'backed by tether.' The issuer of forked
       | tether would accept 1 tether for one new tether fork. this issuer
       | immediately sells tether to get the risk off their books through
       | an exchange while liquidity exists. When redeeming the tether
       | fork ppl can either get back tether or ~ 1 us dollar. So you
       | effectively have front running the inevitable tether bank run.
       | Sure they have to put trust in this new tether fork. You can
       | steal tether's customers that are worried and since the feds seem
       | to have a blind eye towards a company that isn't a bank and is
       | most likely practicing fractional reserve lending, you let the
       | free market 'regulate' tether.
        
       | Cthulhu_ wrote:
       | I'm kinda glad BTC is up, this means I can do an exit with break
       | even or a little profit. I just sold half my crypto assets on the
       | two exchanges I have an account on, I just hope I can have the
       | money transferred out before they become insolvent when the next
       | great crash happens.
        
         | Tepix wrote:
         | Good for you, parts of mine are stuck on CoinBase and the
         | support isn't answering for days. Seems i'm not alone with that
         | issue.
        
           | Triv888 wrote:
           | I was finally able to login into Coinbase and do what I
           | wanted to do.
        
       | kneel wrote:
       | This narrative has been dead for years.
        
       | coinward wrote:
       | How about USD price manipulation? How much of the USD being
       | created by the FED is back by their reserves?... Is this scam
       | sustainable? What effect would a Fed collapse have on Bitcoin's
       | price? I'm going to wager that the Fed scam has a far larger
       | impact on the USD price of BTC than this article's claims on
       | tether fraud or collapse and its not even close.
        
       | wskinner wrote:
       | When the Bitfinex'd posts came out in 2017, I found them fairly
       | convincing. It seems likely there is something not quite right at
       | Bitfinex and Tether. But I have yet to see any evidence that the
       | scale of "not right" is so large as is frequently claimed. These
       | critiques never seem to address the most parsimonious explanation
       | for periods of increased Tether issuance, which is that they are
       | driven by genuine demand for bitcoin, and much of that demand is
       | routed via Tether.
       | 
       | There is ample evidence of the sketchiness of the people behind
       | Bitfinex. But there is also a simple explanation for the behavior
       | of bitcoin and Tether in 202 that involves no conspiracies. Many
       | hodlers bought during the March crash because they saw it as an
       | opportunity to buy at a discount (I am one of these people). The
       | crash coincided with events that should drive up the price of
       | bitcoin over the longer term. Specifically, the creation of
       | trillions of new dollars and what many saw as a new era of much
       | looser monetary and fiscal policy. The idea that demand for hard
       | currencies is increased is totally consistent with this.
       | 
       | Compared to 2017, I now believe there is a smaller chance of
       | total tether insolvency and a larger chance of significant but
       | not catastrophic shenanigans.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > These critiques never seem to address the most parsimonious
         | explanation for periods of increased Tether issuance, which is
         | that they are driven by genuine demand for bitcoin, and much of
         | that demand is routed via Tether
         | 
         | The bigger question is: Why are so many institutions using
         | Tether to purchase 7-8 figures of bitcoin at a time instead of
         | simply engaging with any of the well-known institutions who
         | will facilitate the purchase directly? What do all of these
         | buyers possibly gain by using an intermediary currency and
         | funneling all of their money through the Tether company first?
         | 
         | The only explanation I can come up with is that Tether is being
         | used to skirt financial regulations or launder money, which
         | doesn't bode well for Tether either.
        
           | wskinner wrote:
           | > The only explanation I can come up with is that Tether is
           | being used to skirt financial regulations or launder money,
           | which doesn't bode well for Tether either.
           | 
           | This may well be true. But it also seems to be the case that
           | for a long time, Tether was the only game in town, and
           | institutions built integrations around it. Someone starting
           | out now might not build on Tether.
        
           | janaagaard wrote:
           | > The only explanation I can come up with is that Tether is
           | being used to skirt financial regulations or launder money,
           | which doesn't bode well for Tether either.
           | 
           | Could it not be possible that cryptocoins has become a
           | massive world wide gambling area? People betting on the
           | prices going up or down, moving their assets between floating
           | cryptos and Tether.
        
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