[HN Gopher] How Boston Dynamics Taught Its Robots to Dance
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How Boston Dynamics Taught Its Robots to Dance
        
       Author : samizdis
       Score  : 328 points
       Date   : 2021-01-07 14:35 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | ultimoo wrote:
       | Fascinating!
       | 
       | On a separate note, I was reading up on Boston Dynamics just the
       | other day and was surprised to see that they are now owned by
       | Hyundai (Google X sold BD to SoftBank who sold them to Hyundai).
       | I guess was surprised to see non US-based ownership because I had
       | always assumed the US government had some interest in the core
       | technology.
        
         | rtx wrote:
         | Still with a protectorate.
        
           | rattray wrote:
           | What does that mean?
        
             | ghc wrote:
             | Being a protectorate means by treaty the US has some
             | responsibility for the military defense of Korea.
             | 
             | https://www.americanforeignrelations.com/O-W/Protectorates-
             | a...
        
         | MikusR wrote:
         | Funniest thing is that is Hyundai the carmaker and not Hyundai
         | the robot maker.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Every BD video should at least contain a fragment of somebody
       | poking at the robots with a stick.
        
       | aj7 wrote:
       | Awful interview. Almost nothing of interest revealed.
        
         | wrnr wrote:
         | Yea I still don't know what the input level is for the robots,
         | did they use some sort of dance notation[1]?
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labanotation
        
           | Technically wrote:
           | I think it's safe to say they don't give a shit about
           | tradition.
        
           | fctorial wrote:
           | Probably limb positions at discreet instances in time, and
           | bots know how to move from one position to another.
        
             | yarcob wrote:
             | There's more to it than just that. There's no way that just
             | moving to predefined limb positions would be stable.
             | 
             | You can't script an unstable system without feedback. Any
             | tiny perturbation would cause the robot to fall over. You
             | need to actively control the system to counteract the
             | instability.
             | 
             | So there will be some (scripted) goals, and a very
             | complicated control algorithm that tries to reach the goals
             | without falling over.
        
             | rendall wrote:
             | There are some hints with this excerpt:
             | 
             | "Atlas' current dance performance uses a mixture of what we
             | like to call reflexive control, which is a combination of
             | reacting to forces, online and offline trajectory
             | optimization, and model predictive control. We leverage
             | these techniques because they're a reliable way of
             | unlocking really high performance stuff, and we understand
             | how to wield these tools really well. We haven't found the
             | end of the road in terms of what we can do with them"
        
               | wiz21c wrote:
               | "offline trajectory optimization" this doesn't sound
               | good... I read this as : "we've made those robots do
               | things they won't be able to do autonomously thanks to
               | massive amounts of offline optimization".
               | 
               | Sure it's impressive, but I wonder how it helps the
               | casual viewer to get an idea of what these robots can
               | actually do. One could say that's the whole point of PR
               | but...
               | 
               | It sure helped BD engineer to push their robots forward
               | (as said in the article).
        
               | exikyut wrote:
               | It's a demo.
               | 
               | Literally. Like in the demoscene sense.
               | 
               | And it doesn't matter that the robot couldn't possibly
               | coordinate everything in the video on is own. The
               | software doesn't just have to coordinate high level "go
               | here, move like this", you also have the lower level
               | coordination that sits between the collision avoidance
               | and basic driving etc and the $gcode_variant driving the
               | servos. I'm guessing _that_ stack gets a major overhaul
               | every time one of these videos gets made, like almost
               | every Hollywood movie has a massive  "software
               | development" section because of all the artistic
               | direction that needed new or changed functionality.
               | 
               | The original video showing Spot moonwalking had the most
               | imperceptible of splices in it right at the end of the
               | moonwalking bit. Several months' worth of development
               | alongside careful use of multiple scenes in this newer
               | video have mitigated the need for hacks like that. It's
               | nice to see.
        
               | yarcob wrote:
               | Offline trajectory optimisation sounds a lot like a
               | dancer training dance moves?
        
               | rendall wrote:
               | I heard it as motion capture data cleaning, getting the
               | data into a form the robot could use
        
               | rendall wrote:
               | Personally, I like seeing these baby steps and starts. As
               | you and the article pointed out, this initiative let them
               | see what they need to do before they can get to a purely
               | autonomous dancing robot. Exciting times
        
         | CoolGuySteve wrote:
         | I concur, I was hoping to see more detail on how they actually
         | train Atlas to do things. Do they use a software simulator? Can
         | it mimic a motion capture of a human? Is it rigged like a video
         | game model?
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | > Do they use a software simulator?
           | 
           | "We used simulation to rapidly iterate through movement
           | concepts while soliciting feedback from the choreographer to
           | reach behaviors that Atlas had the strength and speed to
           | execute. It was very iterative--they would literally dance
           | out what they wanted us to do, and the engineers would look
           | at the screen and go 'that would be easy' or 'that would be
           | hard' or 'that scares me.'"
           | 
           | --Aaron Saunders, Boston Dynamics
        
         | rendall wrote:
         | I thought it was a fine interview. It didn't dive deep into the
         | technical aspects, but that wasn't its purpose. It gave me an
         | overview and synopsis of some of the factors involved in
         | producing something like that
         | 
         | Also, the people involved including the author are
         | participating on this page. With respect, this guideline might
         | be relevant:
         | 
         |  _Please don 't post shallow dismissals, especially of other
         | people's work. A good critical comment teaches us something._
        
       | Vosporos wrote:
       | Ah yes, doing fortnite dances while committing war crimes
        
         | slumdev wrote:
         | People won't think they're cute when the DOD awards a contract
         | to strap a belt-fed .50 cal to each arm. Hell, why stop with
         | two arms?
        
           | eplanit wrote:
           | Enforcement Droids! Then we can build Delta City.
        
             | slumdev wrote:
             | If they were scaled up to the size of an Enforcement Droid,
             | there would be ample space to solve their battery capacity
             | problem.
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | The most American thing ever.
        
       | laydn wrote:
       | Anyone know, how long would these robots keep dancing, with the
       | on-board batteries?
        
         | qayxc wrote:
         | Spot could easily last an hour or more - BD quotes about 90
         | minutes of walking on a single charge.
         | 
         | Atlas on the other hand is still a prototype, so it's not
         | optimised in that regard and also much bigger, heavier and
         | bulkier. I'd guess it doesn't last longer than maybe 20 minutes
         | or so.
        
       | jansan wrote:
       | 1. Teach humanoid robots to dance
       | 
       | 2. ???
       | 
       | 3. Profit
        
       | wiz21c wrote:
       | Not to rain on anyone's parade BUT what about the battery life ?
        
         | ernopp wrote:
         | > You mentioned that Spot is now robust enough to dance all
         | day. How about Atlas? If you kept on replacing its batteries,
         | could it dance all day, too?
        
           | qayxc wrote:
           | That doesn't answer the question. Even Spot requires constant
           | battery swapping to be able to function all day. Its battery
           | life is measured in minutes, not hours.
           | 
           | The comment referred to robustness, not endurance.
        
         | qayxc wrote:
         | The battery life is abysmal. These machines use the same
         | batteries as every other piece of contemporary tech.
         | 
         | Spot can walk about for 90 minutes top and the more it needs to
         | do (e.g. running additional sensors, performing autonomous
         | functions, etc.), the shorter its battery life will be (I'd
         | guess around an hour is more realistic).
         | 
         | Bipedal prototypes like Atlas wouldn't last that long. Think 20
         | minutes or so for a heavy robot like that.
        
           | rohan_shah wrote:
           | Robots who could replace some manual labour work within a
           | specified area (say: factories), don't need to rely on
           | batteries. We could attach them with a huge wire and plug it
           | into power supply.
        
             | qayxc wrote:
             | In those specified areas it's also much simpler and more
             | efficient to change the process itself.
             | 
             | Automated warehouses for example don't use legged robots
             | that climb ladders, operate forklifts, and carry boxes
             | around.
             | 
             | Interestingly, the bits of manual labour still required in
             | these areas (e.g. factories) are cheap in terms of manual
             | labour and not doable with the same level of efficiency
             | with even the most sophisticated robots, let alone bipedal
             | ones (you'd change the factory to accommodate to the
             | simplest possible robot design, not vice versa).
        
           | alexpotato wrote:
           | Then all you need is a centralized "depot" where all of the
           | Spots can come back to and have their batteries swapped out
           | by another robot.
        
             | qayxc wrote:
             | But why even? What would be a realistic use case for such
             | scenario that wouldn't be simpler, cheaper, and more
             | reliably served by more conventional means?
        
         | twistedpair wrote:
         | Big Dog had a gasoline engine for longer endurance, but was
         | heinously noisy.
        
       | pragmatic8 wrote:
       | To all that are wetting their diapers at the _ridiculous_ thought
       | of robots hunting you down (a rather pompous thought in my
       | opinion -- why would anyone expend any resources to kill _you_?):
       | please remain in your bunkers for the sake of society.
        
         | abhijitr wrote:
         | It must be nice for you that you've never felt persecuted or
         | treated unjustly by human systems and therefore can't
         | extrapolate to how that might play out when autonomous killer
         | robots are thrown into the mix.
        
         | DoktorDelta wrote:
         | Ask Breonna Taylor who would expend any resource to kill you
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mam2 wrote:
         | The worst part of it is people who imagine robots hunting you
         | would be for some reason 'worse' than horrific humans militia
         | such as SS have done in the past.
         | 
         | Any atrocity has been done by humankind already.. we didn't
         | wait for robots.
        
       | dshep wrote:
       | Am I the only one that finds these BD robots kind of repulsive?
       | They are so weird and alien and... unnatural.
        
         | samizdis wrote:
         | I doubt that you are alone in your reaction, but the robots'
         | appearance is driven more by function than by form. This dance
         | exercise goes some way to redress the balance, with movements
         | that are more fluid and graceful than the jerkiness typically
         | displayed by robots. Yes, weird, and perhaps alien. But of
         | course unnatural: nature has provided no precedent or template
         | for robot designers to follow.
        
         | jsdalton wrote:
         | You're not the only one. What you describe is actually
         | hypothesized in the concept of the "uncanny valley effect":
         | 
         | "...as the appearance of a robot is made more human, some
         | observers' emotional response to the robot becomes increasingly
         | positive and empathetic, until it reaches a point beyond which
         | the response quickly becomes strong revulsion. However, as the
         | robot's appearance continues to become less distinguishable
         | from a human being, the emotional response becomes positive
         | once again and approaches human-to-human empathy levels.
         | 
         | "This area of repulsive response aroused by a robot with
         | appearance and motion between a "barely human" and "fully
         | human" entity is the uncanny valley. The name captures the idea
         | that an almost human-looking robot seems overly "strange" to
         | some human beings, produces a feeling of uncanniness, and thus
         | fails to evoke the empathic response required for productive
         | human-robot interaction."
         | 
         | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncanny_valley
        
         | mleonhard wrote:
         | I felt repulsed by only the arm on the quadruped robot.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | That's impressive.
       | 
       | It took 40 years and somewhere well above $100 million to get to
       | a minimum viable product. First DARPA, then Google, then
       | Softbank. It helps having long-term funding.
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | _" it's about having a pipeline that lets you take a diverse set
       | of motions, that you can describe through a variety of different
       | inputs, and push them through and onto the robot."_
       | 
       | Remember that, when you think automation can come later.
        
         | LeifCarrotson wrote:
         | That's useful for HN readers in general, but when specifically
         | talking about robots, it needs to be communicated to legacy
         | robotics manufacturers like Fanuc, Yaskawa, etc.
         | 
         | This dance happened because Monica Thomas could drag-and-drop
         | motions as if she was programming a MIDI sequencer, generating
         | text files on her laptop, pushing data from the PC to the robot
         | with some Python and protobufs. Other manufacturers doing
         | anything like this is rare, and they're nowhere near as fluid
         | or graceful, because it involves a robot technician tediously
         | jogging the robot around with a teach pendant in the way all
         | industrial robots have been programmed since the 70s.
        
       | jessep wrote:
       | My sister choreographed this dance, and I'm a little unhappy that
       | she isn't mentioned here by name. She's brilliant, and I want her
       | to get credit.
       | 
       | Her name is Monica Thomas. Her dance company is called Mad King
       | Thomas. Here is her brand new Twitter account:
       | https://mobile.twitter.com/onetruebonc
       | 
       | Her sense of humor is captured by her choice of the song "Do you
       | love me", which is a winking but still charming reference to the
       | fact that this is a PR stunt to get us to love scary robots.
       | 
       | Dancers and choreographers are poor, and struggle to build
       | careers. A public acknowledgment of something of this magnitude
       | would be so impactful, and would require so little from Boston
       | Dynamics. I wish they would do it.
       | 
       | They could even brand themselves as helping artists, could be
       | good for their image.
        
         | johnx123-up wrote:
         | FWIW, https://www.madkingthomas.com/content/who-monica is 404
        
         | joopxiv wrote:
         | Also, the song is about be able to dance...
        
         | riantogo wrote:
         | Followed, liked, retweeted. I had loved the choreography and
         | I'm glad I now know who was behind it. Please tell Monica that
         | we await here next piece of art.
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | >...Do you love me", which is a winking but still charming
         | reference to the fact that this is a PR stunt to get us to love
         | war machines.
         | 
         | Neat Easter egg. Though I'm not sure I can reconcile being both
         | critical of and centrally involved in the same PR stunt.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | I would _so_ love to see some of the original concept videos
         | with the humans who were dancing, I hope they release it.
         | Honestly, I think a  "how we made this" video would be just as
         | popular as the robots dancing.
        
           | jordache wrote:
           | yep! a how we made this video for the robot dance would be
           | much much more compelling than one of those video for an
           | apple headphone
        
         | totetsu wrote:
         | Can't be every day she gets to choreograph for a quadruped.
        
         | anoncow wrote:
         | Art > Science
        
         | casey77 wrote:
         | Prior to reading your comment, I read the article and my main
         | takeaway was how impressive the choreographer was and how I
         | wouldn't have expected the engineers to rely so much on the
         | choreographer. So it is great to see your comment and I agree
         | with you. But the article did give at least one person more
         | appreciation for choreographers.
        
         | unixhero wrote:
         | She did an amazing job and is talented for sure.
         | 
         | I still absolutely hate those robots. This won't end well.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | People won't accept them on the streets, that's for sure.
           | 
           | Perhaps they'd have a chance if they used a different form
           | factor, though.
        
           | jjbinx007 wrote:
           | Without wishing to spoil anything, the robot video reminded
           | me very much of the final scenes of the Battlestar Galactica
           | reboot from a decade ago.
        
           | mrfusion wrote:
           | We need the three laws of robotics now!
        
             | mkl wrote:
             | Totally impractical. You'd need human level general AI
             | before they could be interpreted and applied, and as
             | Asimov's stories show, they're plenty fallible even with
             | that.
             | 
             | These robots know roughly where they are, what positions
             | their limbs are in, how balanced they are, and what
             | movement they should do next. _That 's about it_. They
             | cannot understand Asimov's three (*four) laws, or even a
             | single sentence of English, and have no choice over their
             | own actions as a whole.
        
             | unixhero wrote:
             | Now!
        
           | 0x0203 wrote:
           | I think that unfortunately, when it comes to the public
           | perception, that the movie Terminator did to robotics and AI
           | what Jaws did to the Great White shark. This seems to have
           | permeated western culture in a way that makes it very
           | difficult to have much serious and honest discussion about
           | the technology and I suspect is actively holding the field
           | back. My perception is that in other countries, like Japan
           | for example, they have a very different perspective on what
           | these technologies can do for them and they seem to be much
           | more embracing of it, rather than scared of it.
           | 
           | Both here and anywhere else the Boston Dynamics robots are
           | shown off, half of the comments always come back to the
           | "scary robots" that will take your jobs and murder your
           | family. I wish we could hit a big reset button on how the
           | public at large perceives robots because I personally think
           | that there is a lot of benefit to be harvested here, for the
           | true benefit of mankind.
        
             | thatguy0900 wrote:
             | Boston dynamics itself was started with military funding.
             | Robotics will be an industry with a lot of blood on its
             | hands, even if it does do good as well.
        
               | tandr wrote:
               | It is unfortunate, but - Internet have started as an ARPA
               | project. First rockets to space started with military
               | funding.
               | 
               | Question is... what are current goals of Boston Dynamics?
               | Do they even see these robots used for non-military
               | widely used scenarios - construction, medical care,
               | first-responders etc? Are these things even possible for
               | the things where cost is an important factor (unlike
               | military, where cost is not that important)?
        
           | jcpham2 wrote:
           | Uncanny valley is so real.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | > This won't end well.
           | 
           | Care to expand on that? I'm very cynical about Boston
           | Dynamics, given that - as far as I can tell / know - they've
           | only done tech demos and again as far as I know don't have
           | significant commercial success, or their robots doing things
           | outside of (carefully orchestrated) tech demos.
           | 
           | disclaimer: I never actually looked on their website for user
           | cases or whatnot.
        
             | Shivetya wrote:
             | Initially they will be a curiosity; robots in the public in
             | general; but public perception is a tricky thing. There
             | will be people absolutely terrified by their presence but
             | some of this can be mitigated by how the robot looks; the
             | more dexterous it is I am willing to bet will make it more
             | scary to some.
             | 
             | however the real bugaboo begins when one is used wrong
             | regardless of where that occurs. like facial recognition we
             | are going to need some serious regulations on how law
             | enforcement uses these. I don't expect issues with fire and
             | rescue but they would get secured by the same laws.
             | 
             | As in, if they end up in use to secure assailants and there
             | is an injury to that target or worse bystanders public
             | reception will tank quickly. Let alone if robots ever got
             | employed against protestors.
             | 
             | that perception will change radically regardless in the
             | world where it happens because not all governments respect
             | the rights of their citizens to the same degree and it
             | becomes only a matter of time before abuse happens and its
             | film.
             | 
             | on a side note, we certainly have enough movies and
             | television presentation of the bad uses of robots; though
             | most if cyborg type; to give people pause but will it give
             | lawmakers pause?
        
               | visarga wrote:
               | It's not something you can simply outlaw. Progress won't
               | stop, those who oppose it just get left behind. The
               | progress of technology is a force we don't have control
               | over. When writing, the engine or electronics get
               | invented everyone has to get onboard.
        
             | grkvlt wrote:
             | their website has an online shop [0] where you can purchase
             | the things and have them shipped to you, to (ab) use as
             | desired - so hardly 'only (carefully orchestrated) tech
             | demos' any more.
             | 
             | 0. https://shop.bostondynamics.com/spot
        
             | yarcob wrote:
             | As soon as they make a usable remote control for that robot
             | the US military is going to buy a bunch of them and attach
             | machine guns and use them to shoot up "suspected
             | terrorists".
             | 
             | Looking at what the US military has been doing with drones,
             | that scenario doesn't seem that far fetched.
        
               | Notorious_BLT wrote:
               | Given the success (inasmuch as one can call it that)
               | they've had with drones, why bother with mounting a gun
               | on a robot that can barely run for longer than an hour?
               | Wouldn't a remotely-piloted/autonomous vehicle with guns
               | mounted on it be much more efficient than a robot walking
               | around on 2 legs?
               | 
               | I guess I just struggle with understanding how this
               | changes anything.
        
               | tandr wrote:
               | Weight of what it can carry might be an important factor.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | Conversely an army of non-sapient robots would have a lot
               | more options for dealing with belligerents. A human has
               | to fire back when threatened because they don't want to
               | die. A robot can take the hit, and risk being destroyed,
               | because we can build another one.
        
               | eeZah7Ux wrote:
               | Judging by the use of drones for "extrajudicial"
               | assassination, the narrative of robots as merciful
               | weapons sounds dubious at best.
        
               | bradyd wrote:
               | Police in the US have already used a robot to execute a
               | suspect after a sniper killed 5 police officers.
               | 
               | https://www.theverge.com/2016/7/8/12129348/dallas-
               | shooting-b...
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | A drone at 2 miles up isn't arresting anyone.
        
               | eeZah7Ux wrote:
               | Interesting comparison, in times of militarized trigger-
               | happy police...
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | Which again, a robot has no need or ability to be.
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | > Looking at what the US military has been doing with
               | drones, that scenario doesn't seem that far fetched.
               | 
               | This scenario will remain science fiction until we invent
               | a compact power source with an energy density (by both
               | mass- and volume) matching fossil fuels.
               | 
               | The military has no use for loud and cumbersome petrol-
               | powered monstrosities like Big Dog (which is why the
               | project was axed) or underpowered robots with an
               | endurance that's measured in minutes (like Spot) in
               | combat scenarios.
               | 
               | Once such power source is available, though, the
               | independence and versatility of a human in power armour
               | would still be far superior to a remote controlled robot
               | that can be hacked or have its comms jammed with COTS
               | equipment...
        
               | exikyut wrote:
               | Wait, Spot's power source only lasts minutes?
               | 
               | Ah, its battery runs for 90 minutes.
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | > Ah, its battery runs for 90 minutes.
               | 
               | Yep, and that's best case, too (e.g. not running Lidar or
               | complex processing for autonomous function at the same
               | time).
               | 
               | Minutes sounds a bit shorter than it is, but nevertheless
               | anything with an endurance under 2 hours cannot run for
               | hours pretty much by definition ;)
        
               | jackhack wrote:
               | It's about perspective. Imagine being pinned down by a
               | squad of these things for "only" 60 minutes. Or being
               | pursued through the forest or an urban environment. That
               | 60 minutes would feel like a very long time.
               | 
               | For a glimpse of this, check out the videogame Generation
               | Zero (1980's Sweden overtaken by armed robots, including
               | robot dogs).
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | > Imagine being pinned down by a squad of these things
               | for "only" 60 minutes. Or being pursued through the
               | forest or an urban environment.
               | 
               | Given the current state of these machines, both these
               | environments would favour humans. Even a fairly untrained
               | average Jane or Joe would have no problems outrunning
               | these things in forests or urban environments, let alone
               | a trained soldier. Not to mention the lack of autonomy.
               | 
               | Everything you see in these promotional videos is
               | carefully choreographed, prepared and pre-programmed in
               | advance for days, and edited:
               | 
               | "There were definitely some failures in the hardware that
               | required maintenance, and our robots stumbled and fell
               | down sometimes." - they shot the first part several times
               | and kept the one that worked best. That's not something
               | you can do in the field outside of a controlled
               | environment.
               | 
               | These robots are still long ways away from posing more of
               | a thread to a soldier than much simpler solution, e.g. a
               | Humvee with a mounted machine gun.
               | 
               | > For a glimpse of this, check out the videogame
               | Generation Zero
               | 
               | The game is based on fiction, not fact, though. The
               | required autonomy just isn't there yet and the video game
               | robots clearly run on magic, not electricity or petrol.
               | They never overheat, they are maintenance free, and they
               | move faster than is currently possible w.r.t. motion
               | planning and image recognition.
               | 
               | It's your typical AM/FM affair: BD is actual machines -
               | pre-programmed or remote controlled, very limited
               | endurance and still impractical for most military
               | applications.
               | 
               | The robots in video games and cinema on the other hand
               | are for the most part in the domain of fucking magic -
               | capable of "120 years of continuous operation on a single
               | power cell" like the Cyberdyne Systems series 800 v2.4
               | (Terminator), turning themselves from "autonomous swords"
               | into screaming humans (Screamers), are nearly
               | indestructible like Vision (Marvel's Avengers) or strange
               | spiky flying thingamabobs like the Sentinels (Matrix
               | trilogy).
        
               | brlewis wrote:
               | That would be terrifying, but a squad of trained humans
               | is still more terrifying. If you're worried about what a
               | military is going to do, robots are mostly a distraction.
        
               | latencyloser wrote:
               | Perhaps enough time to drop a few in with a parachute,
               | hit a target, then possibly "self destruct" somehow, if
               | I'm being imaginative I suppose.
        
             | pegasus wrote:
             | I have the same feeling that antropomorphizing robots these
             | way is a dangerous direction to head in. We are
             | intentionally confusing ourselves into thinking they are
             | something other than they are.
        
             | typhon04 wrote:
             | I think the dog-like robot - Spot is commercial. SpaceX are
             | using one to asses things on their launch pad. But I guess
             | it's truly a difficult problem and they aren't rushing it
             | to market before is good and save enough. Which if they
             | have the funding I think is a good approach.
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | Spot is a solution in search of a problem.
               | 
               | SpaceX are using one because I think simply because
               | someone thought it'd be cool. You can remotely inspect a
               | launch pad without shelling out $75k+ using RC cars and
               | drones, for example. It's much cooler and better for the
               | company's overall image, though, if you use a Spot robot.
               | PR is a thing after all and using Spot fits perfectly.
               | 
               | I seriously doubt there's any difficulty with safety or
               | "being good enough", as I've yet to see an application
               | for Spot that couldn't be done just as well by
               | conventional already existing means.
               | 
               | BD is a group of enthusiasts that build cool robots, not
               | a company that primarily develops robotic solutions.
        
         | wiz21c wrote:
         | Very good sense of humor indeed. I caught the "do you love me"
         | question instantaneously and wondered who got that very good
         | idea. As always, the good idea didn't came from the PR
         | department :-)
        
         | cbozeman wrote:
         | There's nothing scary about these robots, any more than my
         | Roomba is scary. They are tools, and like all tools, they can
         | be used for nefarious purposes or for the benefit of mankind.
        
           | uniqueid wrote:
           | They are scarier than your Roomba.
        
           | greatgirl wrote:
           | A roomba doesn't have the potential to kill you.
        
             | fsflover wrote:
             | It has a potential to sell info about you though.
        
             | notum wrote:
             | Mount a knife on it.
             | 
             | Though to day, the most dangerous murderous machines we
             | have created have been cars.
        
               | slavik81 wrote:
               | Your wish is my command. https://youtu.be/OwtxWL0P9wA
        
               | caturopath wrote:
               | Done.
               | 
               | What's next?
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | Now wait until you fall on it.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | > There's nothing scary about these robots
           | 
           | How would you feel if the dance contained some choreographed
           | "mow the people down" moves?
        
             | paganel wrote:
             | There isn't even a need for that, take the "classic" goose
             | dance, for example, it can be particularly funny, like in
             | this video [1], or out-right scary, like in this footage
             | [2].
             | 
             | It all depends on the context, I can't see John Cleese
             | turning into a genocidal dictator anytime soon, while we
             | all know what the people in the second video did only a few
             | years after those images were filmed. For what it's worth I
             | see the robot in this story closer to the second video than
             | to Cleese's comedic genius.
             | 
             | [1] https://youtu.be/yfl6Lu3xQW0?t=82
             | 
             | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSvS4LY26Yg
        
           | ralfd wrote:
           | They are more scary the same way a tiger is more scary than a
           | cat even though both are Felidae.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | richardw wrote:
           | If your Roomba was programmed to hurt me I'd surround myself
           | with power cords.
           | 
           | This looks like us so it's easier to see how we're threatened
           | by it. It's more visceral. My cats don't care about my vacuum
           | but if it walked and jumped their neutrons might fire
           | differently.
        
             | cbozeman wrote:
             | I can't edit my original comment, or else I'd add this
             | line:
             | 
             | Everyone afraid of this, you _ought_ to be afraid of micro-
             | drones like the Black Hornet Nano -
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hornet_Nano
             | 
             | No one is going to send a fleet of these ultra-expensive
             | Robo-Killers to assassinate you and everyone else on the
             | battlefield. Once these micro-drones can be mass produced
             | cheaply enough, and you can put enough high-explosive on
             | them to fly up to a person's neck and ! _!pop!_! someone 's
             | head clean off, you'll see them programmed with swarm
             | behavior and be unleashed onto the battlefield.
             | 
             | They fly faster than you can run (13 miles per hour), have
             | a 1 mile range, and a 25 minute flight time. More than
             | enough capability to swarm entire battalions and wipe them
             | out.
        
               | 0x0203 wrote:
               | > Everyone afraid of this, you ought to be afraid of
               | micro-drones like the Black Hornet Nano
               | 
               | >They fly faster than you can run (13 miles per hour),
               | have a 1 mile range, and a 25 minute flight time.
               | 
               | And can be trivially defeated by some netting, blinded by
               | bright lights/lasers, and/or knocked out of the sky by
               | leaf blowers and umbrellas. Despite what certain
               | propagandaesque sci-fi "warning" videos would have people
               | believe, I'm least worried about these nano-drones. At
               | the end of the day bullets are still cheaper, less
               | complicated, and more effective. And as soon as you give
               | the drones some standoff capabilities to mitigate some of
               | the countermeasures, you start loosing many of the
               | perceived "benefits" and are back to just using guys with
               | guns.
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | I agree, that single nano-drone isn't scary. What of a
               | swarm of hundreds?
        
               | 0x0203 wrote:
               | Cost and complexity. If you have to send so many to
               | overwhelm and bypass all the countermeasures, the cost
               | and complexity of make it a much less practical and
               | appealing solution than just doing it the old fashioned
               | way. I can't see how brass, lead, and gunpowder will ever
               | be more expensive than light weight plastics/composites,
               | electronics, sensors, motors, batteries, plus the actual
               | lethal component. Add to that the required
               | time/complexity required to configure and deploy,
               | situational considerations such as weather, sensor
               | viability, terrain/environment factors, etc... and we're
               | back to going back to guys with guns. Could there
               | conceivably be a scenario where this might be the best
               | option? I suppose, but in my estimation it would likely
               | be the option of last resort.
               | 
               | If an enemy force has already made up its mind to kill, I
               | don't see this making it any easier/more reliable/more
               | effective than well-established alternatives.
        
               | sumtechguy wrote:
               | That depends on the target. The military is quite ready
               | and willing to spend tax dollars on things even if at the
               | end of it there is something cheaper that does the job
               | better.
        
               | richardw wrote:
               | That escalated. I started with a few power cords for the
               | Roomba and now I never leave home without a laser, net
               | and leaf blower.
        
           | cutitout wrote:
           | > It is true that a computer, for example, can be used for
           | good or evil. It is true that a helicopter can be used as a
           | gunship and it can also be used to rescue people from a
           | mountain pass. And if the question arises of how a specific
           | device is going to be used, in what I call an abstract ideal
           | society, then one might very well say one cannot know.
           | 
           | > But we live in a concrete society, [and] with concrete
           | social and historical circumstances and political realities
           | in this society, it is perfectly obvious that when something
           | like a computer is invented, then it is going to be adopted
           | will be for military purposes. It follows from the concrete
           | realities in which we live, it does not follow from pure
           | logic. But we're not living in an abstract society, we're
           | living in the society in which we in fact live.
           | 
           | > If you look at the enormous fruits of human genius that
           | mankind has developed in the last 50 years, atomic energy and
           | rocketry and flying to the moon and coherent light, and it
           | goes on and on and on -- and then it turns out that every one
           | of these triumphs is used primarily in military terms. So it
           | is not reasonable for a scientist or technologist to insist
           | that he or she does not know -- or cannot know -- how it is
           | going to be used.
           | 
           | -- Joseph Weizenbaum,
           | http://tech.mit.edu/V105/N16/weisen.16n.html
        
             | ufmace wrote:
             | They're a little unclear about exactly what morality they
             | are advocating for. The nature of weapon technology
             | transforms the way society works.
             | 
             | In the era of sword and shield, for example, combat
             | effectiveness is hugely dependent on raw upper body
             | strength. That means that strong healthy men rule all
             | domains, while women, children, any men not in top physical
             | shape are helpless before them.
             | 
             | In the modern era of mechanized weapons, personal size and
             | physical ability are much less relevant. There's a much
             | greater ability for small groups to make their opinions
             | felt. Victory in large battles tends to go to whoever has
             | the best tech and greatest quantity of it. It's probably a
             | better world overall.
             | 
             | The real question is, exactly how will any "killbots" work,
             | and what effect will they have on society? Maybe they'll be
             | super-expensive and centrally controlled, and nobody better
             | dare to move against whoever ends up in charge of them.
             | Maybe they'll be cheap and plentiful, so anyone with a
             | grudge will be even more able to cause chaos. Maybe
             | something else we can't imagine yet. I have a feeling we'll
             | find out eventually, one way or another.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Your second paragraph seems rather simplistic to me.
               | 
               | Less-able men with more ability to marshall
               | resources/rewards can convince more-able men to be their
               | proxies by paying them . How would they have the ability
               | to do that? Technology, knowledge, cunning, guile.
               | 
               | How long has it been since the king was the best fighter
               | in the realm? I mean, seriously?
        
               | ufmace wrote:
               | Well yeah it's simplistic, since it's 2 sentences. I'm
               | not really prepared or qualified to write a 30 page paper
               | on the nature of medieval combat. Yet there seems to be
               | an obvious truth to it.
               | 
               | There are of course exceptions, such as persuading or
               | paying someone else to fight for you, or concealing a
               | weapon, getting someone to trust you, and stabbing them
               | in the back, etc. It still seems to shape much about
               | reality to know that the majority of people will have no
               | chance of ever winning a remotely fair fight against the
               | enforcers of whoever is in charge.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I don't find the "truth" you mention obvious at all. I
               | think it's just a fairy story simplification based
               | largely on fiction (written and visual).
               | 
               | Over the last couple of thousand years (or more, but
               | history gets a bit fuzzy beyond that), lots of nations
               | have had leaders at many different times who were not the
               | best fighters.
               | 
               | Your claim wasn't that a majority of people had no chance
               | of winning a fair fight against enforcers, which is
               | obviously true. You made a much more broad claim about
               | how historically certain physical attributes would put
               | particular kinds of people in positions of power, and
               | about how that has changed.
               | 
               | I think this is likely misleading and inaccurate. Yes,
               | those with power have always used force to enforce their
               | wishes, but that's very different from saying that those
               | in power are themselves of a certain physical type.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | Still, it's a nice way to shift blame to scientists and
             | engineers, away from people who actually _use_ these tools
             | for evil, or commission development of technologies to use
             | in their evil business models.
        
               | cutitout wrote:
               | All links in the chain are responsible for what they do,
               | there is no single packet of "blame" that gets to reside
               | with any single party, and denying one's responsibility
               | will not make it go away.
        
           | Shared404 wrote:
           | > or for the benefit of mankind.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, I don't know that I can trust any of the
           | organizations that would have the budget to control enough of
           | these robots to make a difference in any direction.
           | 
           | Which is sad to me, as I love this from a technological
           | perspective and looking at a best case scenario.
        
             | systemvoltage wrote:
             | Humanity's goal should be to build AGI and let robots take
             | over - we're doing it, willingly or unwillingly. No need to
             | have blobs of meat hanging around. Intelligence itself is
             | human thing. Whether it needs to have a body / physical
             | metabolic processes to run by injesting cheetos all day, is
             | totally absurd. Evolutionary processes have given us so
             | much unnecessary baggage. Pure abstract intelligence is
             | pretty damn human. There is already Neuralink and other
             | hybird tech going on. I believe humans will willingly give
             | up physical bodies in the long term (millenia scale).
             | 
             | This is bound to happen. There is no way it wouldn't I
             | believe, ofcourse in short term, we gotta worry about stuff
             | like politics, solving hunger and world peace.
        
               | adamsea wrote:
               | Shit, I would simply be happy if humanity had a _goal_.
               | 
               | LOL as for blobs of meat, well, me and a couple other
               | people I know would be unwilling to part with our meaty
               | blobs, for a whole bunch of reasons ;)
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | _This is bound to happen. There is no way it wouldn 't I
               | believe, of course in short term, we gotta worry about
               | stuff like politics, solving hunger and world peace._
               | 
               | There will never be world peace, unless humanity is no
               | longer human, or alternately, under the boot of an all
               | encompassing empire ruled by force.
               | 
               | To believe otherwise, is to believe history teaches us
               | nothing, nor our knowledge of human behaviour. To assume
               | that we somehow have a culture which "can do this", that
               | our modern beliefs are "enlightened" enough to allow
               | this, is the ultimate in hubris.
               | 
               | Sure... humanity couldn't do it before, but now? Now,
               | we're just ever so enlightened and perfect enough to
               | enable world peace.
               | 
               | There are only two real ways to enable world peace.
               | 
               | 1) Genetically engineer the entire species to become
               | more... social. Kill or prevent any 'old style' human
               | reproducing. End the old species. There are innumerable
               | issues here, including "we're just messing around with
               | what we barely comprehend".
               | 
               | Yet our entire culture is predicated upon how the human
               | brain works, and the human brain works more on genetics,
               | than post-birth learning.
               | 
               | OR
               | 
               | 2) Take over the entire planet, killing everyone who
               | disagrees with you, and ensuring that due to the
               | technology involved there can NEVER be a revolution.
               | Further, destroy and hunt down every single person which
               | does not swear fealty ; allow no external empires to
               | form. Ever.
               | 
               | NOTE: I am not happy about this, yet, this is reality.
               | Let me put this another way.
               | 
               | You want world peace? OK! Great!
               | 
               | First, you'll need to end all murders, thefts, all anti-
               | social behaviour. "World peace" is denied because of the
               | genetics that create this behaviour. They're the same
               | problem.
        
               | rtx wrote:
               | Robots are our next steps, we don't need to hang around.
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | Personally, I'd hope we end up with something a bit like
               | The Culture - which is perhaps the most positive scenario
               | for any society made up of 'humans' and powerful AIs.
        
               | systemvoltage wrote:
               | Spectrum of humanity spreads wide and there will never be
               | absolute world peace - in the same way, there is no peace
               | in the animal kingdom. As I write, thousands of animals
               | are dying at this very moment, millions of insects are
               | killed. Nature is fucking brutal, my friend. Unimaginable
               | amount of pain was inflicted in the wilderness during
               | this hour.
               | 
               | We're lucky to be able to communicate to each other in
               | civil manner without ripping each other apart for food.
               | Pretty incredible to be a human!
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | 1) really looks like the world from Brave New World.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > Evolutionary processes have given us so much
               | unnecessary baggage
               | 
               | 21 years ago, when I started writing a cross-platform
               | digital audio workstation called Ardour, I was convinced
               | that your claim above applied to contemporary mixing
               | consoles. It seemed to be that they had evolved in ways
               | that were deeply constrained by
               | physics/mechanical/electrical engineering, and that there
               | were all kinds of things about their design that was just
               | unnecessary baggage from their crude history.
               | 
               | Two decades later, I understand how that evolutionary
               | process actually instilled those designs with all kinds
               | of subtle knowledge about process, intent, workflow, and
               | even desire. It turns out that the precise placement of
               | knobs, and even their diameter and resistance-to-motion,
               | rather than being arbitrary nonsense derived from the
               | catalog of available parts, rather precisely reflect what
               | needs to be done.
               | 
               | Don't be so quick to dismiss your physical form or the
               | subtle wisdom that evolution can imbue.
               | 
               | There's also the whole "situated action" sub-field of AI,
               | which is centered around the idea that humans build
               | themselves physical environments to embody and maintain
               | knowledge in order to reduce computational load during
               | decision making.
        
               | systemvoltage wrote:
               | I enjoyed reading your perspective. I find evolutionary
               | processes fascinating contrary to what my original
               | comment imbibes. It's had a lot of time to optimize :)
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | > Humanity's goal should be to build AGI and let robots
               | take over - we're doing it, willingly or unwillingly.
               | 
               | Yes, but better not make them look human. Humans are bad
               | at tolerating more/equally intelligent species, just look
               | at homo sapiens versus neanderthals. Hell, even between
               | races humans are barely tolerant.
        
             | cbozeman wrote:
             | A Spot costs about $75,000, so as far as trusting the
             | organizations... I mean, I find myself seriously
             | considering buying one.
             | 
             | Yes, I would likely have to add-on other modules over the
             | course of time, but $75,000 for Spot's capabilities is
             | actually pretty reasonable.
        
               | Rebelgecko wrote:
               | What would you use use it for if you had one?
        
               | cbozeman wrote:
               | Goofing off, most likely.
               | 
               | I haven't really thought of a use case for the home,
               | although there's literally dozens of them. I actually
               | wonder if it could function as an auto-dog walker for my
               | organic dog on the days when I'm too swamped with work to
               | do so.
               | 
               | The thought of attaching a leash to my dog and the leash
               | to Spot while I'm indisposed is actually kind of
               | attractive. I would have to make sure my dog has already
               | done her business though, since I wouldn't want to be the
               | kind of asshole that not only uses a robot to walk his
               | dog, but also lets his dog shit on his neighbor's yard
               | _while_ a robot walks his dog.
        
               | andreareina wrote:
               | According to BD Spot doesn't do well with moving objects
               | and shouldn't be used around children, animals.
        
               | devchix wrote:
               | > function as an auto-dog walker for my organic dog on
               | the days when I'm too swamped
               | 
               | Be wary of renting to any penguin, if you do buy Spot.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wrong_Trousers
        
               | iancmceachern wrote:
               | I wonder, would the time spent programming and
               | integrating all this be less than just walking the dog?
               | For me, this would defeat the purpose of having my dogs
               | my our life.
               | 
               | Having worked in robotics quit a bit this is a common
               | trap. There are plenty of things that we can think of for
               | a robot to do, but most of them would require more
               | concessions, programming and maintenance time than it
               | takes to just do the task, or hire folks to do it. The
               | areas where the value prop holds up it really works well,
               | but these kind of low value, high complexity applications
               | like walking a dog around the neighborhood without
               | dragging it by it's collar if the dogs knee hurts and it
               | walks slow that day.
               | 
               | A $75k robot arm with legs is not a completed
               | application. We can already buy robots with the needed
               | mobility to do things like walk dogs for far less. This
               | is a classic hammer nail situation. I think this is the
               | issue that BD keeps running into, they have an amazing
               | team, amazing tech, amazing capabilities, but are still
               | searching for that killer high value application. There
               | are over 400k industrial robots sold every year, its a
               | huge market. They sell well because it relatively
               | straightforward to program and integrate them into
               | workcells and factory lines to create value. To program
               | and integrate one of these robots to do something so
               | complex that it would necessitate a BD robot and not a
               | standard industrial robot would be a huge development
               | effort. It just doesn't hold up when we have folks that
               | need work. The cost of one 75k robot plus two person
               | years of engineering labor is 4 or 5 years worth of
               | traditional labor. The value prop just isn't there until
               | our ability to control, program and integrate these
               | complex robots (cobot stuff) gets better.
        
               | cbozeman wrote:
               | > The value prop just isn't there until our ability to
               | control, program and integrate these complex robots
               | (cobot stuff) gets better.
               | 
               | When you ultimately drill down to brass tacks though,
               | you're left with a chicken and egg scenario. We need
               | better programming and integration for this to be time-
               | effective. We need more time programming and more time
               | integrating for this to be a value proposition.
               | 
               | You don't get there without some idiot like myself
               | saying, "I _could_ spend 1000 hours walking with my
               | dog... or I _could_ spend 1000 hours programming my robot
               | to walk my dog... "
        
               | iancmceachern wrote:
               | My point exactly. Its not 1000 hours and 1000 hours. Its
               | 1000 hours and 1,000,000 hours. If we could program a
               | complex robot like spot to do a highly complex task like
               | walk a dog safely on an open ended "real world" in 1000
               | hours there are lots of other things we would do first
               | (package delivery comes to mind). We're just not there.
               | We have the hardware, but not the software infrastructure
               | to apply them as is being expected here.
        
               | ralfd wrote:
               | https://www.bostondynamics.com/spot
               | 
               | They promise "repeatable autonomous missions to gather
               | consistent data", so my guess is programming a route and
               | mapping terrain is reasonably easy. There is also remote
               | control and camera access, if that could be triggered to
               | automatically notify you (or a dog walking central
               | command service supervising), for example when your dog
               | is barking/complaining or resists to being dragged, it
               | could go a long way to solve dog walking (for smaller
               | dogs).
        
               | iancmceachern wrote:
               | But how? How do we program it to know when to call you?
               | Its a non-trivial problem.
        
               | Shared404 wrote:
               | $75,000 is far enough out of reach of the average person
               | that I think I'm standing by my statement.
        
             | helsinkiandrew wrote:
             | For the price of one of those robots you can hire a minivan
             | full of armed goons that will do exactly as you tell them
             | todo with less supervision.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | During development, and initial per-unit sales? Sure.
               | 
               | Once mass produced, not even close.
               | 
               | Think of:
               | 
               | - training costs (training grunts isn't 100% free) - pay
               | as soldiers wait to go on missions - and here's the BIG
               | one, medical care - and lastly?
               | 
               | PR! PR, no more "soldiers coming home in body bags". Why,
               | you can fight any war you want, and no one will get upset
               | about your soldiers dying. Yet beyond that?
               | 
               | How do you negotiate with one of these things? How do you
               | trick them, by walking an "innocent" up to them, and
               | blowing them up?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > How do you trick them, by walking an "innocent" up to
               | them, and blowing them up?
               | 
               | Right now? Regardless of if it's controlled by remote or
               | by AI, the sensors are probably easier to fool than an
               | in-situ human would be.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | I'm not talking about fooling. Mass produced, these
               | things would be 10k max. We're talking 10+, 15+ years
               | out.
               | 
               | What sort of fear do robot soldiers have? None. How does
               | it make people "upset", if a robot soldier is blown up.
               | 
               | Now think on the converse.
               | 
               | Right now, suicide bombers take out soldiers, but almost
               | always take out innocents around those soldiers. Often,
               | children are killed.
               | 
               | Now, imagine the locals knowing that absolutely no enemy
               | will be killed, just a machine, but dozens or more of
               | _their_ friends, family may be killed.
               | 
               | How long will suicide bombing last, when the only human
               | casualties are the local population?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Ok, but that's a surprising direction to go in.
               | 
               | Sure, this would make it less likely to use suicide bombs
               | against soldiers -- perhaps even politicians will put
               | skin suits on the robots and use them for public
               | appearances a-la Westworld for similar reasons -- but
               | grenades and RPGs and anti-material rifles and IEDs would
               | likely all still be used.
               | 
               | And PS10k robots can also be used by terrorists, perhaps
               | stolen from warehouses, perhaps hacked.
               | 
               | That said, what worries me about terrorism is not cargo-
               | culting shapes that look dangerous (be that robots which
               | look like the Terminator or 3D printed guns), it's people
               | with imagination who know there are at least two distinct
               | ways to make a chemical weapon using only the stuff in a
               | normal domestic kitchen and methods taught in GCSE
               | chemistry.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | Gun control is a uniquely US problem, at least in its
               | current form. Yet this isn't going to have the same
               | problem as gun control, for example, how easily can
               | people obtain nuclear material?
               | 
               | And terrorists? Sure, but an explosive truck is probably
               | easier than one of these. And if sales are controlled,
               | then they won't have a domestic army of them.
               | 
               | In terms of hacking? 100% agree. It's why I find Tesla's
               | OTA updates to be, frankly, insane. Full control of
               | things like brake firmware has been demonstrated, with an
               | OTA fix to brakes in the past.
               | 
               | This means that, along with autonomous modes, you could
               | perhaps manage to (especially with an inside man), force-
               | push updates, regardless of driver permissions, to all
               | Teslas out there. And set them to run into everyone they
               | find, just run over as many people as possible.
               | 
               | So there is tonnes of risk, and anyone thinking "Oh,
               | they'll secure thing $x" is, IMO, a damned fool. Hack,
               | after hack, after hack, after hack, proves this to be
               | absurd.
               | 
               | We literally cannot lock down _anything_. Anything. Not
               | CIA infrastructure, not any corporate infrastructure, not
               | government infrastructure, not health care, _nothing_.
               | 
               | So I agree, 100%, robots with guns = horrid, just from
               | that one angle. But I contend that they are cheap, and
               | effective, so you can bet governments will use them.
               | 
               | The link?
               | 
               | Your reference to chemical weapons. I see the concern,
               | yet I'm more concerned about genetically engineered
               | death. And training people from (for example) China on
               | how to do this, seems beyond absurd.
               | 
               | The future is biotech created death I think.
               | 
               | Another example, genetically engineered animals, designed
               | to kill as well. How about mosquitoes, pre-loaded with
               | viral payloads? What about bacteria which infects well
               | water, and is literally impossible to ever get rid of,
               | once in the wild? How about a fungus, which destroys
               | wheat, which primarily the west eats, yet the east
               | doesn't (rice)?
               | 
               | How about gut flora/fauna, which when fed (eg, when you
               | eat), releases a mind altering substance? A poor fellow
               | was infected with yeast, which made him drunk every time
               | he ate, so imagine a genetically engineered set of
               | bacteria which releases a mild hallucinogenic? One that
               | makes it impossible to concentrate?
               | 
               | How will you cure this, if your scientists can't think
               | straight? Or worse, what if it's an aphrodisiac? Let's
               | try to solve a problem, when you can't keep your hands
               | off of yourself.
               | 
               | I can think of so many endless horrors, and most of them
               | biotech related.
               | 
               | https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/china-canada-
               | universities-r...
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > Sure, but an explosive truck is probably easier than
               | one of these.
               | 
               | I disagree -- $10k is much cheaper than a new truck.
        
               | grogenaut wrote:
               | How does one of these things identify civilians or hold a
               | place like Baghdad? Armies occupy. Those weapons destroy
               | infrastructure and people and not much else.
               | 
               | Or do you use them like drones paying soldiers to run
               | them from a container in Kansas. In which case you have
               | the soldier still.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | Just like drones used to bomb, as you suggest with
               | Kansas.
               | 
               | As time passes though, especially on an actual open
               | battlefield, raw 'kill everything that moves" becomes
               | more of a potential too.
               | 
               | However?
               | 
               | My logic was predicated upon cost, and if implemented,
               | cost reduction due to all those body bags. You think
               | Nixon and Kennedy were purely motivated by the cost of US
               | soldiers, when they wanted out of Vietnam?
               | 
               | They sent those troops there to begin with!
               | 
               | No. They cared about the PR issues, and re-election.
        
               | grogenaut wrote:
               | They also cared about the PR issues of wiping out
               | villages. They were there to "Liberate" not to wipe out.
               | 
               | You are correct it does make it cheaper (maybe,
               | eventually), but so do bombs or gunships or drones.
               | 
               | These are hella complex machines though. A gun is
               | absurdly simpler as is a drone. And the ground is a lot
               | messier than the air.
               | 
               | The logistics of servicing/repairing them is also going
               | to be hefty. Tanks are a pain for maintenance already and
               | they are much less complicated.
        
           | eeZah7Ux wrote:
           | If your Roomba was designed by a weapon manufacturer to gain
           | your trust you should be concerned.
           | 
           | If it had the ability to upload detailed maps of buildings
           | you should be more concerned.
           | 
           | If it was designed as an initial stepping stone to develop
           | into a smart and versatile killer robot...
        
           | blackrock wrote:
           | This robot is Version 1.0.
           | 
           | And yes, it's just a puppet. For now. A human controls its
           | movements.
           | 
           | What's missing is a brain. And that will come in Version 4.0.
           | Or whenever they perfect a decision and control system, for
           | fully autonomous decision making.
           | 
           | That's when you should worry.
           | 
           | Or rather. You're probably safe, if you live in one of the
           | western allied nations. That is your privilege.
           | 
           | But a black, brown, red, or yellow person in the 3rd world
           | should worry. Because they will be the target of America's
           | oppression, via this robot.
           | 
           | Meaning that: your 3rd world country had better accept
           | democracy and western media, and have your leaders approved
           | by Washington DC, otherwise we will deliver some freedom to
           | you. I hope you enjoy the fresh smell of napalm in the
           | morning. You get bonus points if your country has oil.
        
             | rtx wrote:
             | We already have scarier robots, they are called self guided
             | missiles. You don't have to imagine this new world.
        
             | throwaway342422 wrote:
             | > your 3rd world country had better accept democracy ...
             | approved by Washington DC
             | 
             | ...or accept replacing a democracy with an us-friendly
             | "anticommunist" dictatorship.
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | It is crazy to see from the outside how the color-of-skin
             | obsession permeates every single conversation right now. I
             | hope that the USA will be able to find some other topics
             | and arguments one day.
             | 
             | It is also false in this context. One of the most massive
             | bombing campaigns in recent history was in European Serbia,
             | and the hotspots of today (Syria, Iran) have a population
             | that looks like Greeks.
             | 
             | As for black: the only predominantly white country that
             | systematically sticks its fingers into Subsaharan Africa is
             | France. The only external power that grows its presence in
             | the Third World overall is China and given how they treat
             | their own population, I would not be surprised if the next
             | wave of pseudocolonial wars was Beijing's.
        
               | AussieWog93 wrote:
               | If you're going back to the 80's, don't forget South
               | Africa's campaigns in Angola.
        
         | kn8a wrote:
         | She did an awesome job. The article implies that the
         | choreography was reviewed by an engineer who would script the
         | moves? Then article says then there is a pipeline that doesn't
         | need scripting? The main question I was wondering is it
         | possible to do this with mocap alone? Surely the closer artists
         | can get to sculpting the tech the more opportunities for
         | creation are possible.
        
         | notretarded wrote:
         | Why would they? What business sense would this make? The image
         | they want to portray would be that they are capable of
         | everything in-house - Their staff are not only experts in
         | robotics but also art too. In reality it's not quite true.
         | 
         | Just like you also don't see them saying "Thanks to PwC for
         | developing our software."
        
         | aresant wrote:
         | Often the people who are doing the actual PR work have no idea
         | about the story details and piece stuff together third party
         | 
         | I would encourage her to reach out to the marketing/PR
         | department and have a conversation avail herself for interviews
         | etc.
         | 
         | I would imagine that a young woman doing something this dynamic
         | in a relatively dry field would actually be a PR dream.
        
           | llamataboot wrote:
           | And i imagine there were lots of folks involved in all phases
           | of doing this at Bostons Dynamics that consciously or
           | unconsciously thought of her as just another hired person to
           | promote their technical brilliance.
        
         | SftwreEngnr wrote:
         | She contributed. That's what science is about--not notariety.
         | Get over it.
        
         | sargun wrote:
         | I would love to ask a question. In the article they say the
         | following:
         | 
         | > We definitely learned not to underestimate how flexible and
         | strong dancers are--when you take elite athletes and you try to
         | do what they do but with a robot, it's a hard problem. It's
         | humbling. Fundamentally, I don't think that Atlas has the range
         | of motion or power that these athletes do, although we continue
         | developing our robots towards that, because we believe that in
         | order to broadly deploy these kinds of robots commercially, and
         | eventually in a home, we think they need to have this level of
         | performance.
         | 
         | I would love to ask your sister, that is Atlas was a human,
         | what age would it be, in terms of skill of dancer? I think this
         | is an interesting parallel along what people say "This computer
         | is as smart as a 2 year old."
        
           | jacobolus wrote:
           | As a parent of small kids who just watched the video, I would
           | say 2-3 year old seems about right, assuming kids who do a
           | lot of running around. 3-year-olds can move with
           | significantly more grace (the motions are more intentional,
           | fluid, subtle, and steady, and seem less scripted) than these
           | robots, but definitely can't do a jump precisely the same 10
           | times in a row, so it's not really apples to apples.
           | 
           | Maybe age isn't the right measure. I would say that these
           | robots move like a 3-year-old kid who has been practicing a
           | particular motion sporadically for a month or two, but not
           | like an active 3-year old who has been practicing the same
           | motion for a year.
           | 
           | If you compare to the kids who do martial arts or gymnastics
           | or some serious sport or whatever, by age 6 or 7 the kids are
           | leaving these robots in the dust. (The robots are still
           | amazing though.)
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | Probably need to be more specific about 'skill as a dancer'
             | too though - I think you're responding mainly about motor
             | control (?) but try choregraphing a bunch of three year
             | olds to actually perform that routine!
        
               | bostonpete wrote:
               | Evaluating robots on whether they do what they're told
               | and whether their timing is good doesn't seem too useful.
               | That's the easy part. Pretty much any robot is going to
               | be more precise/predictable/consistent in their actions
               | than any human, let along a three year-old.
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | True, but they've been well-crafted to make them so. Just
               | as they'll (I assume) continue to be worked for finer
               | motor control.
        
             | jfengel wrote:
             | I think your estimate of 6-7 is closer to right. I'm not a
             | parent but as a ballet dancer I get involved in a lot of
             | Nutcrackers, which are showcases for entire schools at all
             | levels.
             | 
             | The 5-and-under crowd just generally swarms around the
             | stage, with little attempt at "dance". The 6-8 year olds
             | are beginning to dance, at about this level -- though I
             | would say I saw a few movements by the robots that were
             | remarkably expressive.
             | 
             | It's a bell curve, and there is certainly a right tail of
             | kids who are far better than these robots at age 6-8. The
             | median, however, is about on par.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | Oh, there is no way you could get a typical untrained 5
               | year old to follow this whole choreographed routine.
               | 
               | I am just talking about how smooth and graceful the
               | individual motions are. By age 3 kids who practice
               | something a lot (say, running around barefoot at the
               | playground) are starting to get pretty fluent at it.
               | 
               | The kids have a lot more sensory input, a much more
               | subtle and refined musculoskeletal system with a whole
               | ton of tiny stabilizer muscles, and a pretty impressive
               | neural architecture for learning and refining motions,
               | compared to these robots.
               | 
               | (Which again, is not to criticize the robots, which are
               | also amazing! It is hard to beat 600 million years of
               | animal evolution.)
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | I was really impressed at how graceful the machines were.
               | 
               | It's not the first time I've noticed that; drones can
               | also be quite graceful. But the dynamic motion of that
               | pendulum is such a hard problem, and as you note, the
               | three year olds solve it with unconscious ease.
               | 
               | Never as gracefully, and there of course the machines
               | have a huge advantage. I spend most of my brain power
               | keeping the tense muscles very tense and the loose
               | muscles very loose, for each and every one of those tiny
               | stabilizer muscles. The machines move straight and smooth
               | in a way I never will. I haven't mastered the simple art
               | of standing there in first position, and probably never
               | will.
               | 
               | (I am not, I would note, any kind of expert. I dance at
               | the level of an 11 year old. Maybe a 10 year old. Which
               | took me years to learn, and I'm very proud of it.)
        
         | thih9 wrote:
         | > would require so little from Boston Dynamics
         | 
         | We don't know that. Perhaps it was important for them to not
         | have credits in the video; e.g. to keep attention on the
         | robots. Your sister is credited elsewhere in BD's article, see
         | other comment [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25682864
        
           | jackhack wrote:
           | One of the reasons for the formation of worker's unions (such
           | as screen actor's guild) is to protect the rights of actors
           | and film workers, at all levels. Receiving proper credit is a
           | big part of compensation. There may be a fine line between a
           | "film" and an "advertisement", and what's more this is surely
           | not a SAG film, but it seems to me that credit for
           | choreography on something like this - where the dance is the
           | core of the content - is appropriate.
        
         | exikyut wrote:
         | I'm extremely interested to learn how the dance moves were
         | programmed - I'm guessing the standard tablet controller
         | probably doesn't cut it for the level of control necessary.
         | 
         | More generally speaking, I'm especially curious if "anyone"
         | buying a Spot would have adequate access to be able to do
         | similar things.
         | 
         | I wouldn't be surprised if it turned out to not been possible
         | for warranty reasons...
        
           | LeifCarrotson wrote:
           | I believe so; see https://dev.bostondynamics.com/docs/concept
           | s/choreography/ch... for the choreography API. You don't even
           | have to buy a Spot to write the code, which is impressive in
           | this industry! Now we just need someone to buy one and set it
           | up in front of a webcam with a public SSH login.
           | 
           | There's more documentation at https://github.com/boston-
           | dynamics/spot-sdk and https://dev.bostondynamics.com/.
           | However, it looks like a lot of the choreography is built-in;
           | you can call twerk() or butt_circle() (documented at https://
           | dev.bostondynamics.com/docs/concepts/choreography/mo...) but
           | you don't have access to the raw kinematics, gyros, and
           | accelerometers to generate your own unique moves. It would be
           | amazing if they'd release the full routine to cause your
           | Atlas or Spot to perform the dances, but I'm not aware of
           | that being public anywhere.
           | 
           | For a more general example, check out this video where Adam
           | Savage used a Spot to pull a rickshaw; his programmer was
           | able to work with the API to change the payload tuning of the
           | robot:
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/zyaocKS3sfg?t=1482
           | 
           | It appears that the API is more about what you'd need to make
           | Spot useful in an industrial or demonstration context than to
           | build your own Spot. They want something that a generalist
           | can make do useful stuff out-of-the-box, which makes sense.
        
         | BotJunkie wrote:
         | I wrote the article; thanks for this info. Since your sister
         | has posted this publicly on her Twitter account, I'll happily
         | add her name to our article if I can get in touch with her/BD
         | to confirm. [Edited to add that we'll contact her before doing
         | so.]
        
           | anonytrary wrote:
           | Wow this is extremely wholesome and coincidental. Glad to see
           | the artists are going to be getting the credit they deserve,
           | pretty crazy to see this transpire over HN comments!
        
           | Firerouge wrote:
           | The Boston credits her by name in their article
           | 
           | >> There's a lot of impressive moves in the routine, which
           | was choreographed by dancer Monica Thomas in collaboration
           | with the Boston Dynamics team.
           | 
           | https://www.boston.com/news/technology/2020/12/29/boston-
           | dyn...
           | 
           | They also link her name to https://www.madkingthomas.com/
        
           | jessep wrote:
           | Awesome!!! Thank you so much.
        
         | rtx wrote:
         | The choreography was my favourite part, it's hard for me to
         | even think how do you plan that.
        
         | bigbizisverywyz wrote:
         | I personally would have loved to see a human dancer dancing
         | alongside the robots, that would have given an interesting
         | comparison.
        
           | mellosouls wrote:
           | You can see a side-by-side comparison with the original
           | artists in the video linked in my comment here:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25687540
        
           | rasz wrote:
           | You dont want to be anywhere near heavy powerful moving
           | machinery, thats basic OSH. Glitching robot could snap your
           | neck without skipping a beat (so to speak). There are
           | hundreds of videos on the internet of people being
           | decapitated, torn apart and squished by machinery. Not to
           | mention https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Williams_(robot_
           | fatalit...
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | Nothing a green screen can't fix
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Lack of green screen is what made this video so
               | impactful. Having a human dancing on the other side of a
               | barrier might have worked.
        
           | miraculous_cake wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8lblosRKsQ ;)
        
           | dkarp wrote:
           | Here's a 90s version of that from Alexander McQueen:
           | https://youtu.be/ErE7O5NceGQ
        
           | mromanuk wrote:
           | Me too. Wouldn't be cool if the robots dance along humans,
           | replacing iconic videoclips or scenes? Like the scene of
           | Jerry (from Tom & Jerry) dancing with Gene Kelly
           | https://youtu.be/2msq6H2HI-Y Or Paula Abdul "Opposites
           | attract" https://youtu.be/xweiQukBM_k
        
             | mudita wrote:
             | This duet between a human dancer and an industrial robot
             | might interest you as well: https://youtu.be/Q-sK-s_TzN0
        
               | mromanuk wrote:
               | thank you, very nice performance!
        
               | nisse72 wrote:
               | Here's a similar video, where the same robot plays table
               | tennis:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIIJME8-au8
        
       | antsam wrote:
       | I, for one, welcome our new dancing robot overlords.
        
         | eplanit wrote:
         | I'm glad that I'll get to witness a live ED-209 in my lifetime.
        
       | Technically wrote:
       | Tl;dr they only dance in terms of immediate aesthetics. There's
       | no heuristic for understanding the rhythm and tone in any way
       | corresponding with human understanding.
        
       | necovek wrote:
       | Not wanting to downplay "how strong dancers are", because they
       | obviously are, especially in their core, but I would imagine that
       | most of the problems with these robots, and Atlas in particular,
       | come from an entirely different weight distribution, rather than
       | strength.
       | 
       | IOW, to achieve the similarly appearing moves, these robots have
       | got to have a lot more strength to achieve the balance that comes
       | naturally to most dancers: also why you rarely get 7ft/2.1m tall
       | dancers doing the ballet/gymnastics style stuff -- their weight
       | distribution and "levers" (limb length) are so much different,
       | making many of those moves doubly or three times as hard.
       | 
       | And focusing on their strength in the quotes in the article also
       | downplays dancers' exquisite motor reaction time to reestablish
       | balance (kudo to our brains is what I am saying).
        
       | mellosouls wrote:
       | Boston Dynamics Robots vs Human Originals (The Contours):
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VGsfgo8_Jo
       | 
       | Although the dance moves are different, the spirit is
       | synchronised :)
        
       | williwas wrote:
       | Lol good. Those robots are meant for military usage. To kill
       | people, facading them behind a nice dance is an interesting
       | marketing disguise.
        
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