[HN Gopher] In India, smartphones and cheap data are giving wome...
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       In India, smartphones and cheap data are giving women a voice
        
       Author : _wldu
       Score  : 138 points
       Date   : 2021-01-05 11:21 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wired.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wired.com)
        
       | x3c wrote:
       | More than the statistics, it's the stories that open your
       | imagination to the unlock connectivity is bringing. Using
       | WhatsApp to report timber theft is something I would never have
       | guessed.
        
         | nexuist wrote:
         | This is something I found amazing about WeChat as well. You can
         | schedule appointments with barbers, doctors, physicians, etc
         | all through custom interfaces implemented by 3rd party vendors
         | within the app. It's kind of like its own operating system. And
         | for all of the needs that aren't already covered, you can
         | always resort to basic text messaging (again through WeChat).
         | This probably covers 100% of business communications: customers
         | talking to vendors, vendors talking to customers, and vendors
         | talking to other vendors. The only thing missing as far as I
         | know is a way to communicate with government entities to e.g.
         | file paperwork and such. But I'm sure that will come in time.
        
           | soupson wrote:
           | As of 2017, you can file court documents using WeChat.
           | 
           | https://www.scmp.com/tech/china-
           | tech/article/2125804/tencent...
        
         | RIMR wrote:
         | Personally, using a communications network like WhatsApp to
         | communicate things to each other is maybe the first use case I
         | would have guessed.
        
           | x3c wrote:
           | More than the abstract notion of it being a communication
           | platform, it's the specific usecases that open your
           | imagination to the unlocks connectivity is bringing. Using
           | WhatsApp to report timber theft is something I would never
           | have guessed.
           | 
           | I thought you'd have guessed the spirit of the comment since
           | you're so adept at guessing.
        
       | finphil wrote:
       | Great read ^.^
        
       | blueblisters wrote:
       | India's female labor participation rate is 20%. In China, it's
       | 60%. Smartphones can help bridge that gap a bit but real progress
       | will probably come from creating safe, well-paying jobs.
        
         | r00fus wrote:
         | It's more than that. I know many women who quit their well-
         | paying jobs because societally in the US we have not fully
         | socialized child rearing in a way that China has.
         | 
         | e.g.: Our infrastructure and attitudes about kids transport is
         | in dire need of refactoring.
        
           | mbg721 wrote:
           | That's not necessarily a bad thing. What about women who
           | prefer to see their kids grow up rather than endlessly chase
           | paychecks?
        
             | r00fus wrote:
             | I think we agree; labor participation rate for women may
             | not be a good single-dimensional indicator of societal
             | progress.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | officeplant wrote:
             | What about dads who would like to do the same?
        
               | mbg721 wrote:
               | Plenty of families would benefit from dividing labor that
               | way; the biggest (non-artificial) obstacle is probably
               | the inertia from the realities of giving birth and
               | breastfeeding.
        
         | iguy wrote:
         | Seems unlikely this 20% number implies that 80% of women are
         | sitting at home drinking tea & looking after kids.
         | 
         | Where is it from? Is this formal sector employment?
         | 
         | IIRC the informal labor market is something like 80% of the
         | country in total. Lots of people work in ways that are
         | difficult to gather statistics about.
        
           | volgo wrote:
           | If you've visited India, you wouldn't be surprised. Most
           | women do stay home and take care of kids
           | 
           | And it's really hard work btw, cooking and looking after the
           | house and kids. They're definitely not just "sitting home and
           | drinking tea."
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | Yeah, but it's a serious waste of their abilities as
             | humans. It's no surprise that dual-professional households
             | there who hire specialists for the cooking and looking
             | after the house parts have better lives (as judged by the
             | fact that few women who are professionals will want to
             | become housewives while the opposite is a common desire).
        
               | dudul wrote:
               | How is taking care of their children a serious waste of
               | their abilities as humans?
               | 
               | When you look at all the BS jobs around, spending your
               | time taking care of your family sounds much more
               | productive and rewarding to me.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Because there are rapid diminishing returns with every
               | extra hour past the first few. My parents put a lot of
               | work into me, but they were also full-time surgeons. My
               | mum most definitely put a hell of a lot of work into me
               | but she didn't spend all the time at home.
               | 
               | Worked out pretty well.
               | 
               | Of course you want to allow for people to do whatever
               | they want, but part of that is enabling them to not have
               | to be stay-at-home parents. And most people want to do
               | something more than that, in practice, because creating
               | things is a fundamental human need that most people have.
               | If people want to be stay-at-home parents and they can do
               | it, more power to them, but it's important to allow them
               | to make that choice otherwise unconstrainedly and not
               | through societal pressure to keep women at home because
               | jobs are unsafe (there are whole categories of work one
               | avoids at the margin in India if one is a woman, because
               | you cannot guarantee safe transport from/to one's place
               | of work).
        
               | citrablue wrote:
               | One example from your own experience is not
               | generalizable.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | It isn't meant to be. It's meant to be an existence proof
               | to allow people the freedom to work.
        
               | notsureaboutpg wrote:
               | Women have the freedom to work in India...
        
               | dudul wrote:
               | > I turned out to be pretty damned awesome.
               | 
               | I'm not gonna waste time arguing with someone who writes
               | something like that.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Don't be like that. It's just a bit of humour. But fine,
               | I took it out. Anyway, it's not important enough to argue
               | so this is an okay outcome.
        
             | iguy wrote:
             | Yes I exaggerate slightly. But I wonder a lot about the
             | quality of this data. Doesn't about half the country still
             | work on farms? Low-tech farming has endless labor for all
             | kinds of hands, but little paperwork.
        
               | asenna wrote:
               | I'm from an upper middle-class family in India and the
               | data from all my relatives (including distant ones)
               | matches this - 80% does seem about right for housewives.
               | Similar for my friends.
               | 
               | It's changing rapidly with the newer generation but for
               | my parents' generation that is definitely the norm.
        
               | bloodorange wrote:
               | It's not exaggeration. It's disrespectful and taking
               | their effort for granted.
        
               | iguy wrote:
               | To be clear, I mentioned this stereotype specifically to
               | claim this is _not_ what 's happening.
        
           | notsureaboutpg wrote:
           | 80% of women are doing tasks at home which technically
           | doesn't count as employment, but which as just as (if not
           | more) important to overall productivity of a nation.
           | 
           | Workers are more productive when they're happier, that's why
           | we have 40-hour workdays, weekends off, trying out the 4 day
           | week, etc. When workers' kids are cared for well, when they
           | have good food at home, when they have a robust social life
           | (women often connect their families to others while men are
           | away at work), then they are more productive.
        
         | jimmaswell wrote:
         | Isn't any labor statistic from India suspect because so many
         | people work in the "shadow economy"?
        
         | managerclass wrote:
         | TIL China has a higher female labor participation rate than the
         | US. Unexpected.
        
           | YinglingLight wrote:
           | The real murky question is if that's desirable.
        
           | bzbarsky wrote:
           | Why unexpected? The Soviet Union did too. A few reasons for
           | that (for the Soviet Union; I know less about China):
           | 
           | 1) One of the premises of communism is equality of all
           | people, including equality of men and women. As a result, a
           | bunch of official barriers to women's labor force
           | participation that existed in the US up until recently were
           | removed quite a bit earlier in communist countries. Not only
           | that, but the right to a job was considered a basic human
           | right in the Soviet constitution, and not having a job was a
           | crime punishable by jail time starting in the early 60s (see 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism_(social_offense)#So.
           | .. for some basic details). Note that this did not
           | necessarily affect societal attitudes about household labor,
           | by the way: women were just expected to both work _and_ do
           | the cleaning/washing/cooking at home...
           | 
           | 2) Female employment in the US surged during WWII to make up
           | for all the men drafted into the military, then dropped as
           | the size of the military was reduced in the aftermath.
           | Something similar happened in the Soviet Union with women
           | stepping into "men's jobs", but without as much of a
           | corresponding drop after the war. Something to do with the
           | fact that US deaths in WWII (combat and non-combat) were
           | ~400k, which was about .6% of the male population in 1941, on
           | the assumption that most of those deaths were males and males
           | were half the total population. For the Soviet Union
           | estimates for military deaths (mostly male) in WWII vary from
           | ~8 million to ~14 million (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
           | World_War_II_casualties_of_the... ), which corresponds to
           | 4-7% of the 1941 total population. 8-14% of the male
           | population if the pre-war breakdown between male and female
           | was 50-50, which may or may not have been the case. Plus
           | whatever the breakdown was among the ~10-15 million
           | nonmilitary deaths in WWII in the USSR... But the upshot was
           | that there were a lot more women alive than men after the
           | war, which reduced he "men coming home and taking back their
           | jobs" effect, because the men just did not come home.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Seems related to the famous paradox that women in 'freer'
           | countries choose _more_ gender-specific jobs. I think there's
           | a natural explanation that relates to Maslow's Pyramid but
           | anyway, just wanted to mention that if you haven't heard it.
        
         | trianglem wrote:
         | That's because you are not counting housekeeping and child
         | rearing as essential labor which is inaccurate.
        
           | volgo wrote:
           | Labor participation would be 99% in all countries. What's
           | your point?
           | 
           | The 20% to 60% is meant to demonstrate female inequality in
           | India, because most of them are working at home for zero pay
           | and low social status. Whereas in more developed countries,
           | women get paid to work in industries.
        
             | svieira wrote:
             | So it's better to be payed to care for someone else's
             | children than to not be payed to care for your own?
             | 
             | I think the point the parent is trying to make is that
             | saying that "participation of women in the workplace" isn't
             | a directly-correlated metric for the "how happy / empowered
             | / established / productive are women in this society"
             | metric that we all care about improving.
        
           | qsort wrote:
           | Is there any particular reason why you are assuming that
           | housekeeping and child rearing should be the exclusive
           | responsibility of women?
           | 
           | I'm struggling to see any honest point in this comment.
        
             | trianglem wrote:
             | I said saying only 20% of women are involved in labor in
             | India is incorrect. That number is much much higher if you
             | take those into account.
        
               | volgo wrote:
               | You're wrong. Every country would have 99% labor
               | participation rate if you count those. It's not
               | meaningful
               | 
               | The fact is only 20% of women are not getting paid for
               | their labor. It's a sign of huge lack of development
               | progress
        
               | managerclass wrote:
               | The statistic is saying that 20% of women in India
               | participate in the workforce as it is defined.
               | 
               | Are you trying to say that the 60% of Chinese women
               | includes women who are homemakers and aren't in the
               | workforce as it is defined?
        
             | foggyeyes69 wrote:
             | I think OP was making a statement about how things are
             | rather than how they should be.
             | 
             | I agree with you that this shouldn't be the case, but right
             | now it absolutely is the case in India.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | OP's comment doesn't add anything of value in that case.
               | In 99% of cultures out there, traditional roles imply
               | that the women is a homemaker.
               | 
               | Nobody reasonable assumes that women not counted in labor
               | participation statistics are partying on the moon :-)
               | 
               | I.e.: we already knew what he's saying.
        
       | jimmaswell wrote:
       | People like to make a contrarian point on here that technology
       | doesn't solve cultural or political problems but as you can see,
       | it often does.
        
       | tmikaeld wrote:
       | That's an exciting read and it's hard to grasp the sheer numbers
       | involved here, no wonder bandwidth is troublesome at these
       | scales.
       | 
       | Feels like this could eventually start a liberating movement for
       | women across the country.
        
         | varvar wrote:
         | Liberating women from what exactly?
         | 
         | It all seems ridiculous myth making, considering what indians
         | have shared here on HN about how much asymmetrical power indian
         | women have available through the court system in India, and the
         | sort of abuses they inflict regularly, the misuse of the
         | assymetry for material gain etc.
         | 
         | But yeah I get it. It's the new Democracy + Capitalism freedom
         | making program they NEED to go through for their own good.
        
           | pascalmahe wrote:
           | > Liberating women from what exactly?
           | 
           | Take your pick: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_agains
           | t_women_in_Indi...
        
           | croissants wrote:
           | Restricting to people age 25+, Indian men average 8.7 years
           | of education, and Indian women average 5.4 [1]. Add in the
           | sclerotic nature of Indian courts, and unless I'm really
           | misreading this data, it's hard for me to imagine that Indian
           | women averaging an elementary school education are en masse
           | closing this gap through legal maneuvers.
           | 
           | Maybe you're referring to a specific subgroup of women?
           | 
           | [1] http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/IND
        
         | Guthur wrote:
         | Don't worry, no one is ever that interested in men being happy
         | anyway.
        
           | pascalmahe wrote:
           | That's because men are not victims of a system tailored to
           | others' needs. Women are:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_India
        
             | Guthur wrote:
             | And so your point is their happiness doesn't matter?
             | 
             | I can guarantee you there are many unhappy men that does
             | see this so called advantage.
        
         | llampx wrote:
         | Seems a bit of a leap to suggest that only men are interested
         | in controlling women.
        
           | pascalmahe wrote:
           | Parent said nothing about only men being interested in
           | controlling women. On the contrary, liberation of women can
           | be liberation from mothers, mother in-laws, grandmothers...
        
       | sharadov wrote:
       | Speech detection is just amazing when you think about illiterate
       | folk, it's a game changer for them. Jio's genius was offering
       | free data plans for a year, getting folks hooked. But the fact
       | that it only costs 9 cents a GB is amazing.
        
         | shripadk wrote:
         | > But the fact that it only costs 9 cents a GB is amazing.
         | 
         | It has now reduced to 4 cents per GB for Jio Fiber. I'm sure
         | local ISPs have reduced prices even more just to compete with
         | Jio (in some places you can get 3.3TB for 10$)
        
           | op03 wrote:
           | At that rate I am guessing the network doesn't have to deal
           | with rain or snow or customer issues cause obviously the
           | budget for all that is not required because how can it even
           | exist?
           | 
           | It's following the now classic Facebook model of pointing at
           | scale achieved and outsourcing all the issues that scale
           | produces to someone else namely govts, parents, teachers, the
           | healthcare system, the police etc etc and then blaming all of
           | those idiots for not being hip enough to handle it.
           | 
           | After all the networking are empowering women at 4c/GB.
           | 
           | We are nearing 20 years of this false narrative of the magic
           | of "free" scale/magic companies with 10k employees handling a
           | billion customers.
           | 
           | Given all the issues that have accumulated, keep track of how
           | many more years its going to take for the chimp brain to
           | figure out it was never possible.
        
             | rohan1024 wrote:
             | They maybe charging customers a penny but they offering
             | services on top of there network and earning tons of money
             | from it.
        
               | 1f60c wrote:
               | I think GP means that data is so cheap that there won't
               | be any money to fix the cables in case they break due to
               | an extreme weather event.
        
             | blueblisters wrote:
             | Service issues do occur but ISPs are getting better at
             | uptime because of the competition. A bigger issue is
             | network saturation, especially for 4G networks. With fiber,
             | on the other hand, some ISPs are offering upto 10-15% more
             | than the quoted bandwidth just because there's plenty of
             | spare capacity. Not sure if that will be the case in a few
             | years.
        
             | shripadk wrote:
             | > At that rate I am guessing the network doesn't have to
             | deal with rain or snow or customer issues cause obviously
             | the budget for all that is not required because how can it
             | even exist?
             | 
             | There is no such issue that ISPs are unable to solve with
             | the infrastructure they have deployed at least for now.
             | Keep in mind that what I am saying is anecdotal but I have
             | a strong feeling it is the same for most Indians. In fact
             | it was worse off earlier when they charged exorbitant rates
             | but failed to deliver proper connectivity. Now things have
             | improved multi-fold! Connectivity issues are now only
             | evident when you travel to remote areas of the country.
             | Earlier we had connectivity issues in the City/Town limits.
             | 
             | You are forgetting that it is at a scale of multiple
             | hundreds of millions and potentially billions of customers
             | that these ISPs are charging cents from. Every single day.
             | That with value added services, which they charge extra,
             | would mean they make a fortune!
             | 
             | Cost of labour is cheap in India. Land area being small is
             | an added bonus as that would mean lesser cable laying work
             | and lesser infrastructure. And since we skipped a
             | generation of DSL/ADSL lines and jumped straight into 4G
             | and Fiber we won't be facing much of the same issues that
             | first World countries are facing today. Fixing network
             | issues would be easier than say USA (you can fit 3 Indias
             | (3.287 million square kms) in one USA (9.834 million square
             | kms)).
        
             | alkonaut wrote:
             | > At that rate I am guessing the network doesn't have to
             | deal with rain or snow
             | 
             | What's the connection between weather and fiber?
        
               | JadeNB wrote:
               | > What's the connection between weather and fiber?
               | 
               | Exposed cables (and there are some, at least in US--my
               | installer had to run some last-mile cables from the
               | nearest, uh, tower, I guess, to my house) suffer from
               | poor weather.
        
               | cosmie wrote:
               | They didn't come back and bury those?
               | 
               | I have AT&T Fiber - the installer ran a line from the
               | nearest fiber hut to my home (across several neighbors'
               | yards and a storm water runoff/drainage area), and left
               | it exposed. But a separate truck rolled through about a
               | week later and microtrenched it, so it's buried all the
               | way up to my house.
        
               | JadeNB wrote:
               | They're running from a tower to my roof, so they can't be
               | buried. (I just relay what the installer told me; I don't
               | know anything about the details.)
        
               | alkonaut wrote:
               | Wow. That sounds sketchy to say the least.
        
         | tchalla wrote:
         | > But the fact that it only costs 9 cents a GB is amazing.
         | 
         | 9cents in India would be equivalent to 1.91 USD after taking
         | into account Purchasing Power Parity (OECD 2019). Therefore,
         | you are in effect saying 1.91 USD per GB is amazing. You can
         | not compare values without including purchasing power
         | disparities.
        
           | RIMR wrote:
           | PPP should not have this kind of effect over a renewable
           | globalized asset like data.
        
             | iguy wrote:
             | It's messy right? I mean you aren't buying global data, you
             | are buying data delivered in a particular town. Some of the
             | costs of providing it are all about the location (e.g.
             | renting land to put up towers) and some aren't at all (e.g.
             | the networking hardware), so it still seems very impressive
             | that they can do it this cheaply.
        
             | tchalla wrote:
             | You can not simply compare a good in two different
             | currencies without normalisation for disposable income,
             | value and purchasing power. The value of 100$ in India is
             | different than in the US. So obviously, some things in
             | India will be cheap in $$$. You have to normalise on some
             | metric. I chose PPP which is not perfect. If you do not
             | like it, you can choose another reasonable one.
        
           | jagmal wrote:
           | I believe it would be ~9 * 3.5(i.e. fx_rate/ppp)= ~31.5 cents
           | and not 1.91 USD.
        
             | iamgopal wrote:
             | Only thing no one in the world can beat Indians at, is at
             | calculating money cost and profits.
        
               | prudhvis wrote:
               | Growing up in poverty and seeing it all around you will
               | do that to people. It's not a special thing that Indians
               | only possess.
        
           | jimmaswell wrote:
           | I'd take $1.91 per GB for phones. I don't use that much
           | mobile data so it's not a big deal but it's $10/GB for me on
           | Tracfone.
        
           | sharadov wrote:
           | PPP makes no sense, I know economists use it all the time,
           | but some goods are expensive and some are not across
           | countries - food is cheap in India, there are massive
           | subsidies around it. Anything imported is expensive - cars,
           | electronics, foreign liquor. It's cheap and it's continuing
           | to drop. And it's in no way $1.91 from an Indian perspective.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | shripadk wrote:
           | PPP makes no sense when it comes to comparing data usage
           | between countries. Data is not based on same supply/demand
           | characteristics as physical goods. It is quite literally
           | arbitrary. Much like most software you buy/subscribe to. Ever
           | bought a digital product at 90% discount during Black Friday
           | or Cyber Monday? Why don't you find physical products with
           | 90% discounts (unless it is a clearance sale)? Because you
           | can't discount cost involved in acquiring raw materials and
           | labour cost. Digital products on the other hand can be
           | duplicated infinite times with zero additional cost. So is
           | anything connected to it (which includes data, storage and
           | processing). Sure there is some cost involved. But at scale
           | that cost becomes negligible. You can't produce physical
           | products at scale without the cost also scaling
           | proportionally.
           | 
           | Even in India, before Jio made its entry, data was extremely
           | expensive. Horrible speeds, very low data limits and no
           | competitive pricing (you can say that it was a data cartel of
           | sorts). Jio disrupted the entire sector. All ISPs reduced
           | prices overnight. How could they do it? Wouldn't it hit their
           | bottom line? Nope! They never went into loss in the first
           | place. They charged exorbitant rates because they could. Not
           | because there was some basis for it. That monopoly was
           | disrupted. That is all there is to it.
           | 
           | And with a billion+ people in the country, ISPs will never go
           | under loss for selling data for few cents - a dollar. Rather,
           | they are probably making more than they ever did. Jio showed
           | them the way to price correctly.
        
             | tchalla wrote:
             | > PPP makes no sense when it comes to comparing data usage
             | between countries.
             | 
             | We are not comparing data usage, we are comparing the value
             | of two different currencies. The value of 100 US$ in India
             | is different from that in the US or the EU. In order to
             | normalise the value between two currencies, PPP is used. It
             | doesn't matter what the 100US$ is spent on, data or food.
        
               | shripadk wrote:
               | > We are not comparing data usage, we are comparing the
               | value of two different currencies. The value of 100 US$
               | in India is different from that in the US or the EU. In
               | order to normalise the value between two currencies, PPP
               | is used. It doesn't matter what the 100US$ is spent on,
               | data or food.
               | 
               | But you are comparing value of currencies by comparing
               | two equal goods. That would mean also comparing
               | acquisition of raw materials, labour costs, import/export
               | of goods, availability of resources etc which is never
               | going to be the same. PPP itself has shortcomings (you
               | can read them here:
               | https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/international-
               | trade/15-cr...).
               | 
               | For example, India might have abundance of rice while USA
               | might have shortage of rice. But rice is used for making
               | noodles in both countries and demand for rice is
               | equivalent in both countries. Would you price it
               | according to PPP index? Nope. You take into account any
               | tariffs imposed by host country. What about transport?
               | What about labour costs? There are so many variables that
               | can influence the pricing of a product. PPP is a bad way
               | to judge cost of living and cost of goods/services.
               | 
               | If PPP is 21.3 (2019 data) between USA and India, a
               | Harley Davidson in India should be 21.3 times cheaper
               | than a Harley Davidson in USA. It isn't. The cost is
               | pretty much the same. So is the case with iPhones. Even
               | if iPhones are manufactured in India it would still cost
               | slightly less than in USA. It will never be 21.3 times
               | cheaper.
               | 
               | Also, let us take Big Mac Index into account. It was a
               | humorous take on PPP devised by economists to compare the
               | costs of a Big Mac between countries (as McDonalds
               | maintained standards between countries). Now the cost of
               | a Big Mac in India and a Big Mac in US might not reflect
               | the true PPP of the country because it all depends on the
               | appetite of Indians for a Big Mac. We are avid consumers
               | of street food. Street food for us is what is McDonalds
               | for Americans. Now how can you make McDonalds as a
               | standard for the World when in my part of the World a
               | tiny percentage of the population visits McDonalds to
               | consume their delicious burgers while a large percentage
               | eats street food? Wouldn't that obviously influence the
               | price of a McDonalds burger in India as the demand for it
               | is next to non-existent? Now let me reverse the case and
               | say that India tomorrow undergoes a massive cultural
               | change and everyone shifts from eating street food to
               | eating at a McDonalds burger joint. What would the price
               | of a Big Mac in India be then? Obviously with high demand
               | the cost falls rapidly. PPP should blow up right? But
               | does that truly reflect the standard of living between
               | two countries? That is a food for thought for you.
        
               | tchalla wrote:
               | > If PPP is 21.3 (2019 data) between USA and India, a
               | Harley Davidson in India should be 21.3 times cheaper
               | than a Harley Davidson in USA. It isn't. The cost is
               | pretty much the same. So is the case with iPhones. Even
               | if iPhones are manufactured in India it would still cost
               | slightly less than in USA. It will never be 21.3 times
               | cheaper.
               | 
               | PPP does not mean that Harley Davidson in India would be
               | 21.3 times cheaper. It means that the value of Harley
               | Davidson in India in US$ would be equivalent in the US
               | when the price is 21.3x
               | 
               | If you do not like PPP, you can use another metric to
               | normalise prices. But, you can not simply compare two
               | goods in two different currencies by taking an exchange
               | rate. You need a normalisation factor. Every metric has
               | its shortcoming - pick one but don't compare absolutes.
        
               | shripadk wrote:
               | > It means that the value of Harley Davidson in India in
               | US$ would be equivalent in the US when the price is 21.3x
               | 
               | You lost me here. Can you elaborate on this more please?
               | When it came to data comparisons you literally did
               | multiply 21.3 with 9 cents and arrived at the value of
               | 1.91$ per GB. So how is your comparing data costs using
               | PPP as a normalizing factor fine but not fine when it
               | comes to me comparing cost of manufacturing an iPhone or
               | a Harley Davidson in both countries? Your argument isn't
               | consistent. How can you ignore exchange rate and only
               | look at PPP and decide the cost of living? It just
               | doesn't make sense to me. Sure PPP gives a rough idea
               | about where countries stand relative to the US when it
               | comes to purchasing power parity but, more often than
               | not, it is too far off from ground reality.
        
               | tchalla wrote:
               | Let me once again repeat what I have said and please take
               | some time to listen and understand it
               | 
               | * You can not compare goods across two countries by
               | simply taking the exchange rate, you need to normalise to
               | account for different factors like disposable income
               | 
               | * I took PPP as the normalisation metric. It is not
               | perfect but is meant for this purpose.
               | 
               | * If you are not happy with PPP as a normalisation
               | metric, you can choose another one as defined by
               | economists. If you want to come up with your own, you are
               | also free to take another metric and agree with
               | economists to use them. The metrics you have suggested
               | are already considered in the PPP calculations. Look into
               | them
               | 
               | Key Point : You can NOT compare good(s) across two
               | different countries/currencies in absolute values.
        
               | shripadk wrote:
               | > * You can not compare goods across two countries by
               | simply taking the exchange rate, you need to normalise to
               | account for different factors like disposable income
               | 
               | This is where you are wrong. You have to take exchange
               | rate when calculating PPP. Which is what I have been
               | trying to explain to you. You are completely skipping
               | exchange rate, which is why you are getting an inflated
               | figure of 1.91$ per GB.
               | 
               | You should be calculating it this way:
               | 
               | Exchange rate: 73.17 INR = 1 USD Now 9 cents is, 0.09 USD
               | = 0.09 * 73.17 = 6.58 INR.
               | 
               | Since PPP is 21.3, 6.58 INR would be 6.58 / 21.3 = 0.3
               | USD
               | 
               | So 9 cents in India is equal to 30 cents in USA. Now,
               | that is 30 cents per GB and not 1.91$ per GB.
               | 
               | Remember that PPP is INR/USD and not USD/USD.
        
               | tchalla wrote:
               | > So 9 cents in India is equal to 30 cents in USA. Now,
               | that is 30 cents per GB and not 1.91$ per GB.
               | 
               | I couldn't get this from your earlier comments. I get it
               | now.
        
       | Proven wrote:
       | The could have credited and celebrated free market capitalism
       | (effected, among other things, by _greed_ of the phone suppliers,
       | telcos, and app makers), and that would have been illuminating.
       | 
       | Instead it's about "cheap smartphones and data" - as if that
       | happened by accident and could have been achieved by other means
       | such as government planning and giveaways.
        
       | kumarvvr wrote:
       | Yeah, Data is cheap and smartphones are plenty.
       | 
       | Indians are voracious consumers of content and healthy
       | competition has reduced prices to absurdly low levels.
       | 
       | I'm in an urban area, with connection from one of the biggest
       | providers. It costs me about 9 USD a month for unlimited data (I
       | mean, about 2 GB a day, BUT, with carry forward, so I have about
       | 250 GB of data to use in my account), unlimited calls and sms. I
       | stopped worrying about data a long time ago.
       | 
       | And I don't even use JIO, the provider that brought in massive
       | reductions in data prices.
       | 
       | Edit : I stopped using WiFi even at home, consume about 40 GB a
       | month.
        
         | pythonbase wrote:
         | That's really awesome. I am next door and providers here boas
         | of having lowest broadband fares in the region.
        
         | iamgopal wrote:
         | Same, some evenings at home, five screens playing HD video is
         | quite common scenario. Tons of video calling etc. Just three
         | four years back, I had to beg to a local ISP to install cable,
         | agreeing to absurd charges. Things are moving fast in india.
         | Whole progress of next decade can be attributed to Jio.
        
         | officeplant wrote:
         | As someone who regularly consumes 1.2TB or more of data a month
         | I really wish for uncapped affordable internet plans.
         | Unfortunately I'm in the US and outside of a major city.
        
         | cageface wrote:
         | Sounds like it's time to revise some of the advice web
         | developers get about optimizating page sizes for developing
         | markets.
        
           | kylehotchkiss wrote:
           | Remember that devices are less powerful, and that outside the
           | cities the connections still aren't universally that quick.
           | 
           | That said, many JAMstack providers are so wired into CDNs
           | nowadays that actually serving the content closer to these
           | users is just a baseline functionality of the webhost.
        
           | jamil7 wrote:
           | As if web developers need a reason to make their websites
           | slower.
        
           | markdown wrote:
           | NO!
           | 
           | Letting yourself go just because you have access to bigger
           | clothes isn't healthy.
        
             | C19is20 wrote:
             | YES! In that, I fully agree.
        
             | cageface wrote:
             | Revise, not throw out entirely.
             | 
             | Optimization always adds complexity. Don't do it more than
             | necessary.
        
               | ryukafalz wrote:
               | Eh, not necessarily. Both the simplest and most optimized
               | pages I can think of are straight HTML with no
               | Javascript. It takes work to add complexity starting from
               | there!
        
           | cageface wrote:
           | I've been on this site since 2009. Unfortunately the level of
           | discourse has been in pretty steady decline over the last few
           | years. Knee jerk responses and mindless downvoting are the
           | norm here now.
           | 
           | For a site that's ostensibly catering to engineers it's a sad
           | state of affairs. I can't say I get much value out of it
           | anymore.
        
             | AnHonestComment wrote:
             | They added shadowbans, too.
        
           | kumarvvr wrote:
           | While speeds are good and connectivity is cheap, the caveat
           | is availability.
           | 
           | Not all areas have good coverage.
           | 
           | And also, lower page sizes save energy and reduce carbon
           | emissions.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | _wldu wrote:
         | This sounds awesome. Good, affordable connectivity seems to be
         | a basic human right. I wish it was this way everywhere. I'm in
         | the US and can only get 1.5Mbit DSL, for which I pay 90 US
         | dollars a month (with a basic home phone line). That's the only
         | Internet I can get. East Coast USA.
        
           | vinay427 wrote:
           | Is this in a smaller rural town or a home very far out? Every
           | metropolitan area I've seen at least has near-universal cable
           | TV/internet coverage (typically up to 50-300 Mbps), and even
           | exurbs these days often have fiber.
        
             | _wldu wrote:
             | University town. I'm in the town limits, but on the very
             | edge of town. Apartments downtown have fast connections,
             | but edge neighborhoods and surrounding areas only have low
             | speed options.
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | If you are in range of cell towers, there is likely a 4g lye
           | mvno offering decent speed internet.
           | 
           | I used https://www.ubifi.net/ for a year until I got fiber
           | and was quite pleased with it. (No affiliation, i just gad a
           | good experience).
        
           | tchalla wrote:
           | You can not compare two currencies without including the
           | parities. In terms of the US dollar, India has a Purchasing
           | Power Parity of 21.276 as of 2019 [0].
           | 
           | > Purchasing power parities (PPPs) are the rates of currency
           | conversion that try to equalise the purchasing power of
           | different currencies, by eliminating the differences in price
           | levels between countries. The basket of goods and services
           | priced is a sample of all those that are part of final
           | expenditures: final consumption of households and government,
           | fixed capital formation, and net exports. This indicator is
           | measured in terms of national currency per US dollar
           | 
           | [0] https://data.oecd.org/conversion/purchasing-power-
           | parities-p...
        
             | iguy wrote:
             | I'm not sure PPP is a great measure here.
             | 
             | It works best when comparing people with relatively similar
             | consumption, e.g. asking about the material lives of
             | engineers in east- vs. west-germany. Both had cars, radios,
             | apartments with indoor plumbing, and awful haircuts, but
             | they paid for them with different money. Any exchange rate
             | was basically a fiction, but even if the currencies had
             | been freely traded, these two still couldn't buy each
             | other's goods.
             | 
             | Some people in India have lives similarly comparable to the
             | west, e.g. the class who buy iphones. But the ones who make
             | this super-cheap data interesting really don't. I mean
             | there are riots when the price of onions doubles after a
             | poor harvest. It's difficult to imagine a shared basket of
             | goods which meaningfully captures the comparison here ---
             | between prices experienced by those whose weekly budget can
             | flattened by onions, and people in the US.
             | 
             | Probably a better comparison would simply be to quote daily
             | wages alongside such prices. GDP is about US$5/day,
             | compared to about $175/day in the US.
        
               | tchalla wrote:
               | It's fine to take another normalisation metric - no
               | metric is perfect. The point was that there is a
               | normalisation needed. Far too often I see a comment which
               | states, "Oh! It is just 1$ so cheap!". I chose PPP
               | because it is meant for making parities. So, 9cents may
               | or may not be cheap. We don't know until we use a
               | normalisation factor.
        
               | iguy wrote:
               | People talk about dog-years too, but past some very crude
               | level there's no avoiding knowing something about about
               | the lives of dogs, or parrots, or goldfish. At which
               | point it's less confusing to use ordinary earth-years for
               | everyone.
        
               | tchalla wrote:
               | "It is better to be vaguely right and than precisely
               | wrong".
        
             | traib wrote:
             | First, PPP has its own issues [1] and is probably not the
             | best way to compare the price of data.
             | 
             | Second, even after taking PPP into account data is still
             | much cheaper in India - 30 USD per month for the thread
             | parent after PPP conversion.
             | 
             | Math below:
             | 
             | PPP in [2] is National currency units/US dollar, i.e.
             | INR/USD. It says that ~21.3 INR is going to buy you the
             | same basket of goods in India that 1 USD buys you in USA.
             | 
             | 9 USD = 9 * 70.394 = ~633.5 INR [3]
             | 
             | 633.5 INR = 633.5 / 21.3 = ~30 USD PPP.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity#I
             | ssues
             | 
             | [2] https://data.oecd.org/conversion/purchasing-power-
             | parities-p...
             | 
             | [3] https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-
             | taxpayers/year...
        
               | tchalla wrote:
               | > 9 USD = 9 * 70.394 = ~633.5 INR [3]
               | 
               | > 633.5 INR = 633.5 / 21.3 = ~30 USD PPP.
               | 
               | Thanks for taking the time to correct me.
        
       | RIMR wrote:
       | If data can be $0.09/GB in India, why does it cost so much more
       | here in the USA?
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | more expensive inputs to construct and maintain cell networks
         | in the USA. If you look at Indian telcos and US telcos, they
         | have similar profit margins.
        
           | jimmaswell wrote:
           | I think it's moreso that you can't get blood out of a stone
           | (people wouldn't buy it over there if it cost more) and the
           | true cost of mobile data distributed over all customers is
           | close to $0.
        
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       (page generated 2021-01-06 23:02 UTC)