[HN Gopher] Sci-Hub: Scientists, Academics, Teachers and Student...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Sci-Hub: Scientists, Academics, Teachers and Students Protest
       Blocking Lawsuit
        
       Author : parsecs
       Score  : 179 points
       Date   : 2021-01-05 15:19 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (torrentfreak.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (torrentfreak.com)
        
       | civilized wrote:
       | I cannot tell you how hilarious it is to me that the by-far-
       | easiest part of research - the incredibly trivial act of posting
       | a paper on a website - is the only part that is privatized and
       | immensely profitable
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Scihub is awesome but protesting copyright laws isn't the
       | solution, just like scihub is just a patch to the faulty system
        
         | qwerty456127 wrote:
         | How is protesting particular laws wrong? What else can people
         | do? The problem is they seem to protest enforcement of a law
         | rather than the law itself.
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | _One may well ask, "How can you advocate breaking some laws and
         | obeying others?" The answer is found in the fact that there are
         | two types of laws: there are just laws, and there are unjust
         | laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that "An unjust law is
         | no law at all."_
         | 
         | -- Martin Luther King, Jr. https://letterfromjail.com
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | > protesting copyright laws isn't the solution
         | 
         | Why not? We're supposed to just accept this? The US imposes
         | these laws on the entire world via trade agreements and the
         | world is supposed to simply go along with it?
        
         | f6v wrote:
         | > protesting ... laws isn't the solution
         | 
         | That's gonna be my favorite quote here.
        
         | vageli wrote:
         | Civil disobedience is sometimes required to rebut laws society
         | no longer agrees with.
        
           | HarryHirsch wrote:
           | You'd say that Scihub has crossed the line from civil
           | disobedience into outright insurrection.
           | 
           | That said, librarians were trying to work within the system,
           | including raising public consciousness, unsubscribing whole
           | journal packages that included high-profile journals, and
           | nothing happened until Scihub came along. It's the best
           | argument against _Kriton_ that I 've seen.
        
             | dredmorbius wrote:
             | Better known in English as _Crito_ :
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crito
        
               | HarryHirsch wrote:
               | Translation and interpretation here:
               | https://www.amazon.com/-/dp/194989942X
               | 
               | 100 % can recommend.
        
       | vixen99 wrote:
       | https://gowers.wordpress.com/2017/07/27/another-journal-flip...
       | 
       | Tim Gowers offers some background to the overwhelming case for
       | open access publication. Sci-hub is an example of an almost
       | inevitable reaction to the blatant profiteering by certain
       | academic publishers. Let's remember that in the main, taxpayers
       | across the world, through their governments, almost alone, pay
       | for the very expensive business of carrying out university and
       | institutional research and preparing manuscripts for publication.
        
         | armoredkitten wrote:
         | And they pay for it multiple times over. They pay once for the
         | researchers carrying out the work, and then they pay again for
         | the reviewers, who provide their peer review services for free
         | (i.e., not paid by the journal). Then, they pay for it a third
         | time when universities (the government-funded ones, at least)
         | have to pay exorbitant subscription fees to access the
         | research.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | I think there's some commingling in this argument. When an
           | institution subscribed they are getting access to research
           | done by _other_ institutions. Presumably they have their own
           | records of their own research.
        
             | madhadron wrote:
             | Not really. Sure, you could go get the paper from the guy
             | down the hall, but most universities don't have their own
             | hub for publications that is accessible to their faculty.
        
               | ChrisLomont wrote:
               | So there's some value in a central hub, which I assume
               | also costs money to set up and run?
        
               | sooheon wrote:
               | Which scihub provides. Journals are their own silos and
               | require multiple exorbitant subscriptions.
        
               | ChrisLomont wrote:
               | Sci hub benefits from having journals enforce standards,
               | have editors, reviewers, and a ton of value added that
               | they didn't pay for. I like Sci Hub, but it didn't create
               | a lot of the value it provides - it does that on the $ of
               | a lot of other actors.
               | 
               | Even arxiv was getting flooded with crap and had to do
               | some gatekeeping. Sci hub gets a huge benefit from the
               | publishing industry at keeping out a flood of crap and
               | pseudo science nonsense that floods most places that
               | don't have such a process.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | Journals don't pay reviewers either, as has been
               | explained above.
        
               | ChrisLomont wrote:
               | >Journals don't pay reviewers either,
               | 
               | Some do.
               | 
               | And I am aware of that most don't, having published
               | enough papers, reviewed papers, and been asked by
               | journals to review for them.
               | 
               | However, I never claimed reviewers were paid. I did state
               | Sci Hub is getting benefits they didn't pay for, like
               | keeping out crap, the value from being reviewed, uniform
               | quality from known journals, etc.
               | 
               | If I, having published academic papers, and in many cases
               | keeping my own copyrights as I _always_ try to negotiate
               | that (and a surprising amount of journals will let you if
               | you ask), want scihub to not publish my work, funded by
               | me, and published by journals I selected, will they
               | remove it? No?
               | 
               | Then they are stealing the same as others. It's just
               | their theft is popular since it lets people access stuff
               | for free.
        
               | madhadron wrote:
               | > I did state Sci Hub is getting benefits they didn't pay
               | for, like keeping out crap, the value from being
               | reviewed, uniform quality from known journals, etc.
               | 
               | A few journal pay editors and reviewers, but the vast
               | majority do not, so Sci-Hub is paying the same as anyone
               | else.
               | 
               | > will they remove it?
               | 
               | Last time I checked, Sci-Hub doesn't host, it proxies, so
               | your license to the journal to distribute the paper is
               | still what applies. The journal has standing, but you
               | don't.
               | 
               | And the idea of uniform quality from known journals is
               | laughable.
        
               | ChrisLomont wrote:
               | >so Sci-Hub is paying the same as anyone else.
               | 
               | You seem to be missing the point:
               | 
               | Who is going to review for sci hub? Reviewers review for
               | the journal the decide to - and that's based on the
               | quality of a journal. I will review for a good journal. I
               | won't for a bad one.
               | 
               | Who would review for sci hub? I wouldn't, and I doubt
               | many if any top researchers would either. Sci hub will
               | accept the crappiest of stuff, so I (and pretty much
               | anyone else doing solid reviews) would not bother.
               | 
               | >Sci-Hub doesn't host, it proxies
               | 
               | Did you check that or write it because you want to
               | believe that?
               | 
               | Sci hub pulls a copy to sci hub using stolen credentials
               | when you ask for a copy. For example, here [1] is one of
               | my papers that sci hub has copied and serves from their
               | site. (not sure how long they cache copies, but it's not
               | hard to see using chrome and viewing requests to tell
               | where files come from). The paper even has a front page
               | and watermarks added in 2016 from where it was downloaded
               | from. So no, sci-hub didn't just proxy to the journal.
               | 
               | [1] https://zero.sci-
               | hub.do/5265/2478517301ba71ba89a837647f1a133...
        
               | markdown wrote:
               | > Then they are stealing the same as others. It's just
               | their theft is popular since it lets people access stuff
               | for free.
               | 
               | As has already been pointed out in this thread, the work
               | has been bought and paid for by taxpayers. Your work is
               | based upon the work of others, isn't it? I'm sure your
               | work is filled with citations of other works that were
               | taxpayer funded.
               | 
               | Sure, there is the odd case like yours where you funded
               | your own work. But to argue that the world should be
               | denied access to all scientific knowledge because a tiny,
               | minuscule portion of it was privately funded is pretty
               | lame.
        
             | armoredkitten wrote:
             | Some, but not all, universities do have institutional
             | repositories for their own work. But they are at best
             | inconsistently used. Some academics also (when allowed by
             | the licensing agreement of the journal) put their own
             | research on a personal/lab website. But again, this is
             | inconsistent, and really relies on secondary solutions like
             | Google Scholar to be usable (unless you already know
             | exactly which paper you're looking for and navigate
             | directly to the author's website).
             | 
             | The bottom line is that in most cases, academics rely on
             | journals even for access to research from other folks in
             | their own university. Things get passed around informally.
             | And there are changing trends, such as preprint archives
             | (like ArXiv), in some fields. But the majority of research
             | is still paywalled.
             | 
             | Edit: To return to your point, yes, I was sort of
             | discussing some Platonic ideal of "The Taxpayer".
             | Obviously, if you live in the US, your taxes don't pay for
             | research in Europe (only for universities' access to that
             | research). And we could be talking about federal taxes for
             | federal grants, but state taxes for state-run schools. But
             | in general, the point is that the journals make exorbitant
             | profits from labour paid with public funds.
        
             | 0xdde wrote:
             | There isn't. He is pointing out that publicly funded
             | research is then not freely available to the public.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | Peer review is the whole point of a journal and yet they do
           | not get paid for their invaluable work. They should just form
           | their own group so they can review academic works
           | independently and publish online. There is no reason to have
           | "journals" anymore.
        
           | leobakerhytch wrote:
           | And a fourth time on a per-article basis if you, as an
           | individual, non-academic taxpayer, would like you read the
           | very research your taxes have funded.
        
             | hctaw wrote:
             | Has anyone ever paid the individual price for an article?
             | 
             | And setting aside the principle for a second - how many
             | non-academic taxpayers are trying to read articles that
             | don't have institutional access through their employer or
             | local public library?
        
               | pixelface wrote:
               | I'm a non-academic taxpayer trying to read articles and
               | don't have access through my employer or public library.
               | I know other people in the same situation. Emailing the
               | authors directly to request a copy is a known legitimate
               | workaround, but in cases where I'm trying to read a paper
               | on fungal propagation from 1971 (most recent example,
               | from last week) the options are limited.
               | 
               | I would also imagine that if these things were more
               | readily available people would be more likely to use
               | them.
        
               | tchalla wrote:
               | > how many non-academic taxpayers are trying to read
               | articles that don't have institutional access through
               | their employer or local public library?
               | 
               | A different question to ask. Why should taxpayers not
               | have access to the articles which they funded for? It
               | doesn't matter whether they read it or not. They pay,
               | they have access.
        
               | carbonguy wrote:
               | > Has anyone ever paid the individual price for an
               | article?
               | 
               | I would be very interested to see statistics on this,
               | because I suspect the answer is "almost nobody" - as I
               | assume your question was meant to imply.
               | 
               | > ... [How] many non-academic taxpayers are trying to
               | read articles that don't have institutional access
               | through their employer or local public library?
               | 
               | Count me in this population, although to be honest it
               | literally never occurred to me to check if the local
               | public library had journal access.
        
               | dorfsmay wrote:
               | Isn't the amount of traffic to sci-hub the answer to that
               | question?
        
               | Dan_JiuJitsu wrote:
               | I frequently read research I do not have institutional
               | access to. I'm in this situation fairly frequently, tbh.
        
               | enriquto wrote:
               | > Has anyone ever paid the individual price for an
               | article?
               | 
               | Before the existence of sci-hub, I spent several hundred
               | taxpayer euros to download taxpayer-funded research from
               | journals that my library was not subscribed to. I was not
               | aware that asking the library for a single pdf cost about
               | 30 or 40 EUR, until the librarian told me. Then I stopped
               | because it was obviously ridiculous.
        
       | at_a_remove wrote:
       | While I am fairly sympathetic to the cause in the abstract, as
       | someone who had to clean up after various incursions from the
       | folks doing the mass downloading, the methods ... let's just say
       | that they have externalities that I and many others end up having
       | to deal with.
        
       | stevespang wrote:
       | Heh, Indians will just use TOR or VPN's to get around any
       | blockage
        
       | rektide wrote:
       | There was a recent HN post about the Indian government
       | considering buying a bulk subscription to scientific journals:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25621809
       | 
       | Just my own 2c, part of what makes this whole thing so
       | frustrating & confounding is that it's hard to tell how valuable
       | a paper is going to be to you until you've read it. Reading
       | abstracts gives some idea, but there's plenty of papers that end
       | up being not that interesting. Given the extreme price these
       | journals charge for individual access, the it becomes extremely
       | hard to survey & locate & subsequently purchase relevant
       | research.
        
         | f6v wrote:
         | 90% of papers I read turn out useless. I have a hard time
         | finding good review articles among all that watered-down
         | garbage. If I had to pay to view each one or even subscribe...I
         | wouldn't get too far.
        
           | sabas123 wrote:
           | At the same time, that other 10% might be completely
           | invaluable. Which makes this entire situation such a mess :/
        
       | ativzzz wrote:
       | I would be more supportive of their cause if Libgen was limited
       | to academic books, but I've found nearly every fiction/nonfiction
       | book I've wanted to on there; it was just a standard book piracy
       | website to me.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | Why would other types of books deserve protection? Information
         | wants to be free.
        
           | ativzzz wrote:
           | Well authors also want to make money, so we have to choose
           | between having high quality writing that people get paid for
           | or free low quality writing that people don't get paid for.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | People with something to say will write regardless of
             | whether they get paid. People wrote books before copyright
             | and will continue to write books no matter what happens.
             | The internet itself proves this. I have no doubt they'll
             | find other ways to make money through writing. Maybe
             | authors will be able to set up a patreon or something.
             | 
             | An artificial 100+ year monopoly on the data they create is
             | nothing but rent seeking. It's also unenforceable in the
             | 21st century.
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | This is about Sci-hub, not Libgen. Sci-hub only has academic
         | papers.
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | Both sci-hub and libgen are mentioned in the article as
           | targets.
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | The case for textbooks is much weaker than papers as, although
         | it's basically implied that most won't make any money, it's an
         | almost herculean task to write a good textbook (of 1k pages
         | let's say).
         | 
         | I steal all my papers (I am a member of the tyre society -
         | ladies queue up please... - because it's so obscure I can't
         | find them on Sci-Hub) but I don't mind paying for textbooks on
         | principle.
        
           | HarryHirsch wrote:
           | The trouble with textbooks is that nowadays there's a new
           | edition every other year, with slightly different pagination
           | and exercises, all of this for an extortionate price.
           | 
           | In the past, prices were more reasonable, and you'd buy
           | standard texts to build a personal library because you'd
           | enter the profession; nowadays it's all about fleecing
           | students, who need a college degree to enter the workforce.
           | The social contract around textbooks has broken down as much
           | as it has around journals.
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | > The trouble with textbooks is that nowadays there's a new
             | edition every other year, with slightly different
             | pagination and exercises, all of this for an extortionate
             | price.
             | 
             | This is what really gets me. I don't necessarily mind
             | charging $150 new for a big textbook, especially given the
             | likelihood of it being shoveled back into the used market,
             | but when the used textbook market is also killed off via
             | gimmicks like new editions that do little more than shuffle
             | exercises or one-time-use online codes, the justification
             | for that high initial price tag is lost.
             | 
             | And I say this as somebody who also curated a personal
             | library of textbooks that I do refer to in my day-to-day
             | work!
        
               | metiscus wrote:
               | It's an incredibly toxic cycle. The book is expensive
               | because it is required for completion of an already
               | expensive task (a class). Teachers and departments
               | require the latest evergreen textbook because of
               | incentives from the publishers paid for with the profits
               | of the sales of said evergreen books.
               | 
               | How does education get off of the treadmill? Students
               | can't reasonable refuse to buy the new textbook. They
               | could organize and demand that professors stop, but in
               | some fields the subject matter does change relatively
               | frequently e.g. advanced medical courses. So the
               | opposition would point to those and ask the rhetorical
               | question "Don't you want your education to be current?.
               | It is unlikely that professors at scale will act
               | unilaterally because they are at best neutral in this
               | situation.
               | 
               | It could be solved, perhaps, with legislation, although
               | it seems that such things are fairly universal across
               | countries (although I am somewhat ignorant of how it
               | works in Europe) and if the Europeans haven't tried to
               | regulate it yet, it is incredibly unlikely that the
               | Americans would try.
               | 
               | Book piracy is the logical result of this cycle. If book
               | prices were reduced either through reduced evergreening
               | causing the used market to exist again or by some other
               | means then piracy would reduce as well.
        
               | HarryHirsch wrote:
               | _How does education get off of the treadmill?_
               | 
               | The answer may be surprising: pay teaching faculty better
               | and give them proper job security. Students see only the
               | textbook, but there's the other half, the slides that
               | come with the textbook that contingent faculty will use
               | for their lectures. If teaching faculty were to stay in
               | any one place for more than three years they would
               | prepare their own lecture materials instead on relying on
               | the readymade pap.
               | 
               | Students would have to push for proper teaching.
               | Unfortunately, in these times of elite overproduction
               | they are more interested in their GPA to get into medical
               | school.
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | Among the strongest counterarguments to the textbooks case is
           | the law article "The Uneasy Case for Copyright", written by
           | an academic and published in the _Harvard Law Review_ in
           | 1970. The author argued three principle points:
           | 
           | - _That the only defensible justification of copyright is a
           | consequentialist economic balance between maximizing the
           | distribution of works and encouraging their production._
           | 
           | - _That there is significant historical, logical, and
           | anecdotal evidence which shows that exclusive rights will
           | provide only limited increases in the volume of literary
           | production, particularly within certain sections of the book
           | market._
           | 
           | - _That there was limited justification for contemporary
           | expansions in the scope and duration of copyright._
           | 
           | A substantial portion of the analysis is directed to the
           | textbook market.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Uneasy_Case_for_Copyright
           | 
           | Copyright at the time of publication required registration,
           | and was for a term of 28 years, renewable for an additional
           | term, so or 54 years, lapsing four years from now in 2024.
           | _Subsequent_ copyright revisions have extended by 41 years,
           | to a total duration of 95 years, expiring in 2065. Best I can
           | tell, copyright is held by the Harvard Law Review
           | Association, rather than the author, presently Associate
           | Justice of the United States Supreme Court, Stephen Breyer.
           | 
           | Though the article _is_ available via LibGen (or Sci-Hub).
           | 
           | http://gen.lib.rus.ec/scimag/10.2307%2F1339714
        
       | sradman wrote:
       | I think the fundamental problem is that academics historically
       | gave away their copyright [1]:
       | 
       | > Traditionally, the author of an article was required to
       | transfer the copyright to the journal publisher. Publishers
       | claimed this was necessary in order to protect author's rights,
       | and to coordinate permissions for reprints or other use. However,
       | many authors, especially those active in the open access
       | movement, found this unsatisfactory, and have used their
       | influence to effect a gradual move towards a license to publish
       | instead.
       | 
       | I'd love to learn more about how this system evolved.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_policies_of_academic...
        
         | fractallyte wrote:
         | Because those academics were (and are) a bunch of egotistical,
         | money-grubbing fools who would rather sell up their scientific
         | integrity in exchange for some imaginary 'reputation' points.
         | 
         | Science is science, it shouldn't matter where it's published.
        
           | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
           | Science is not science. There is a lot of garbage being
           | produced, you need a way to sort through it. Hierarchies of
           | journals or conferences will naturally emerge regardless of
           | the payment model. Just check the field of machine learning
           | where most papers are open access and yet prestige depends on
           | where it's published. This is orthogonal to the matter at
           | hand.
           | 
           | Being published by prestigious journals isn't just about ego,
           | it's about future career opportunities, getting grants,
           | getting to work on things you want to work on possibly with
           | some of the most brilliant people in your field.
           | 
           | I think people at the top could make things change with a
           | massive concerted effort, and I think things will change
           | naturally as younger people who've had a taste of open acess
           | get access to top positions but it's too reductive to put
           | things down to researchers' greed and ego.
        
             | fractallyte wrote:
             | "Publish or perish" is the most idiotic, damaging idea ever
             | produced by modern academia. It's symptomatic of a
             | degenerate system.
             | 
             | If those academics had any guts, they would boycott their
             | precious journals and strike out in a different, _better_
             | direction.
             | 
             |  _They 're_ the ones perpetuating the system, just as much
             | as the journals themselves. It's not parasitic, it's
             | symbiotic.
        
               | dariosalvi78 wrote:
               | Nobody benefits from this system except publishers.
               | 
               | Academics hate it, but publications is the way they are
               | measured by public institutions for, e.g., grants, or
               | when being hired. There's no symbiosis, it has evolved in
               | this way mostly because of decisions taken by non-
               | academics (ministries, governments, administrative staff
               | etc.) and nobody knows how to get out of it.
        
               | fractallyte wrote:
               | To avoid redundancy:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25650788
        
           | hctaw wrote:
           | In my former life as a research engineer I learned to avoid
           | no-name publishers, institutions, and conference proceedings
           | because they are filled with lies. Not poor caliber material
           | - outright fabrications.
           | 
           | That's not to say prestigious journals are immune from bad
           | science, just that the consequences for fraud are a bit worse
           | and bar to clear for publishing it much higher.
        
           | HarryHirsch wrote:
           | _it shouldn 't matter where it's published_
           | 
           | But it does, there's a limited amount of hours in the day and
           | an infinite amount of papers. You need someone to pre-screen
           | the torrent of crap that has an occasional jewel floating in
           | it, and traditionally journal editors have served that role.
        
             | fractallyte wrote:
             | That's the purpose of peer review.
             | 
             | You don't need some pompous journal for that.
             | 
             | How many Open Source projects are managed by an individual,
             | or a small dedicated group? If they can do it - by self
             | organising! - it's baffling that some of the 'smartest'
             | minds in the world are unable to comprehend what's going on
             | in their field on a meta-level.
        
               | dariosalvi78 wrote:
               | We are all very aware of it, but it's not easy to get out
               | of it if the people that pay you measure you based on
               | those metrics. Open access is partially solving the
               | problem though and imposing open access to all publicly
               | funded research seems to me a good compromise.
        
               | fractallyte wrote:
               | This is analogous to "use up _all_ your budget, or you
               | 'll get less next year!"
               | 
               | A stupid, stupid idea from people who should not be
               | allowed to make decisions.
               | 
               | 'Blue collar' workers figured out a way to get the
               | message across - they formed unions, and went on strike
               | to effect changes.
        
               | HarryHirsch wrote:
               | Peer review is supposed to filter out the crassest
               | nonsense (it usually does). What a journal does is
               | grading. When you are reading stuff where you don't know
               | the relevant names personally a good heuristic is the
               | journal. You don't bother with Hindawi and MDPI and just
               | read stuff from the better-known publishers.
        
           | Schiphol wrote:
           | The vast majority of academics are underpaid workers in
           | precarious jobs who need those publications because securing
           | one of the few stable positions is explicitly tied to having
           | enough imaginary points.
        
       | cblconfederate wrote:
       | And this comes in the middle of a pandemic, when so many
       | scientists cannot even go to work to access those papers.
        
       | silexia wrote:
       | Patents and copyrights in many cases have become a tumor,
       | destroying their original purposes to enable rent seeking from
       | disgusting and harmful organizations.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | Yes, it's disgusting. Intellectual property in general makes
         | little sense but copyright in particular is just so bad. It's
         | gotten to the point copyright infringement is civil
         | disobedience. People should just do it, consequences be damned,
         | until governments get rid of these outdated laws.
        
         | namibj wrote:
         | Every time I tried to find reasons for their continued
         | existence strong enough to outweigh obvious downsides, I was
         | met with utter failure.
         | 
         | Copyright causes massive bookkeeping and furthermore, severe
         | artistic repression. It's also easy to see that, by far,
         | artists don't create things to actually make a living from
         | copyright-based forced royalties. Patron and Kickstarter have
         | shown that we are very much capable of funding artists
         | remotely, either in an ongoing, post-payed basis for the
         | former, or a pre-payed, project-specific funding way for the
         | latter.
         | 
         | As for patents, it should be easy to demonstrate concrete
         | societal harm through monopolization and inhibition of progress
         | (by blocking multiple recent inventions from being combined);
         | as example for the former I give Sawstop (there are many
         | reasons to not want to buy a whole machine from one specific
         | vendor), examples for the latter are small firearms
         | (handgun/rifle) design and the core technologies the
         | https://www.mpegla.com/ practices rent-seeking on, which are
         | embedded into hardware, but e.g. foregone in favor of software
         | decoding (or appropriate alternatives for the other things they
         | administer).
         | 
         | I expect it's relatively easy to figure out a lower bound for
         | the environmental harm from not using hardware decoding or
         | choosing H.264 over H.265 purely for licensing reasons (and
         | tanking the higher bandwidth costs).
         | 
         | Trademarks, however, seem to serve a purpose.
         | 
         | As an example for the drug R&D world, handling at least human
         | trials by having a shared pot that everyone who wants to can
         | invest in, and which is payed back e.g. double or whatever a
         | suitable scheme for determining the overall payback sum,
         | financed through a fixed VAT levied on the drug in question if
         | it ever happens to get sold.
         | 
         | It might potentially work better as a sort of bond auction,
         | where the study administrators calculate the required budget,
         | and public founders offer to pay X$ now in exchange for getting
         | Y$ back via that tax system, while the auctioneer(system) takes
         | from the offers that want the least return (in %), until the
         | budget is reached. If the sum of all funding offers is
         | insufficient, no money changes hands and the study doesn't
         | happen.
         | 
         | I'd suggest a tax rate between 5 and 40% for such a system.
         | 
         | In the movie industry, people would put their money where their
         | mouth is, and (likely through some intermediary agencies) pay
         | to "make the sequel happen", or to choose which TV pilot shall
         | get a first season.
         | 
         | There might be need for some sort of anti-tivoization
         | regulation to replace what the GPL3 accomplished there, but
         | overall, software seems to be hurt by copyright preventing a
         | "on the shoulders of giants" process to soak deep into less and
         | less theoretical cases. See ZFS vs. Linux, if you need an
         | example.
        
           | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
           | > It's also easy to see that, by far, artists don't create
           | things to actually make a living from copyright-based forced
           | royalties.
           | 
           | I would expect the exact opposite. Do you have any data? I'd
           | expect the primary money maker for artists is people buying
           | their products or getting those products from the channels
           | the artist chooses. E.g buying a dvd or watching my show on
           | Netflix or watching my video on my YouTube channel or buying
           | a print of my drawing.
           | 
           | Patreon processes payments of less than a billion dollars per
           | year, so artists' money seems to be, by far, made via
           | copyright protection.
           | 
           | There's a question about what fraction of artists make a
           | living, and I expect the majority don't make a living from
           | it. Most artists probably don't do it for the money. Most
           | probably just have it as a hobby. That said I'm glad some
           | artists can make a living at it.
           | 
           | I have yet to see any evidence that switching to a copyright
           | free world would help anyone but the hobbyists and big
           | companies who can afford to exploit the fruits of the
           | hobbyists labors (I imagine some kind of YouTube like company
           | going around taking everyone's content and putting it in a
           | central place and making bank off ads).
           | 
           | You seem to be getting at this with your mention about the
           | need for "anti-tivoization" regulation. When you flesh that
           | out, trying to regulate away the worst exploitative practices
           | and enabling a professional class of artists, you'd end up
           | with something that looks a lot like copyright law.
        
             | namibj wrote:
             | Yes, I expect that to be the currently primary income
             | pathway for artists, but I share your expectation about the
             | majority not being able to live from it.
             | 
             | The primary issue with copyright aren't the royalties, it's
             | the bookkeeping (and, to a lesser extend, things like
             | translations being at the mercy of the copyright owner).
             | 
             | I gave Patreon as something that showed that we appear to
             | be cable of funding art without relying on copyright.
             | 
             | I doubt the part about the big corp succeeding by fleecing
             | everyone with ads. Have you seen the UX of e.g.
             | popcorntime? If not, I suggest to read up on just how low
             | friction these things already are, and that's with the
             | typical use being illegal.
             | 
             | And no, the anti-tivoization part is about preventing
             | corporations from using DRM and/or hardware-locking to stop
             | users from modifying the software running on their devices.
             | I'd want exceptions for systems that are fully restricted
             | from any kind of software/firmware update, like e.g.
             | Yubikeys. But if systems support software updates, the user
             | must not be prevented from running their own code on
             | hardware they own, though of course a way to lock systems
             | permanently down is reasonable and likely needed for cases
             | where the owner can't ensure physical security.
        
           | postingpals wrote:
           | The argument a layman would make in favour of this is:
           | 
           | "if people know they could rent seek with their intellectual
           | property and potentially make millions of dollars charging
           | people for licenses / gatekeeping their work, well that's
           | going to motivate them to create really good work! Without
           | this motivation, no one would create good work"
           | 
           | And it's like, ignoring all the well-established counter-
           | arguments to this, it kind of seems to justify its own
           | existence through contradiction. It says, in essence, "We
           | have to coerce people into making really good work by not
           | giving them the building blocks that they could use to make
           | really good work"
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | What building blocks? Creative work is _original._ You can
             | build on previous ideas - or not, it 's up to you - but
             | it's nothing at all like gluing together a bunch of
             | frameworks that someone else created and patting yourself
             | on the head for being a true original.
             | 
             | I'll accept that copyright is bad when developers who hate
             | copyright give _all_ of their work away for free - code,
             | consultancy, equity, all of it.
             | 
             | Until then people earning six figures a year telling
             | artists they should work for nothing - or perhaps some
             | begging on Patreon which might cover the rent (but probably
             | won't) - is insultingly naive and unattractively entitled.
             | 
             | This has nothing to do with academic journals, which are a
             | very special and obnoxious example of rent-seeking and
             | which absolutely should be replaced by open access - not
             | least because the work has already been paid for by the
             | public.
             | 
             | But that shouldn't be confused with the creative arts,
             | where new work _isn 't_ funded by the public. In fact it
             | isn't usually funded by anyone at all, except the artist.
             | 
             | If you want creators to work for free, you'll get what you
             | pay for - which will be somewhere in the uncanny valley
             | between nothing at all, and disposable filler of no real
             | interest.
        
               | postingpals wrote:
               | The idea that the alternative to copyright means artists
               | working for free is an ideological conflation not even
               | the wealthiest, most cynical person on earth could have
               | dreamt up.
        
               | namibj wrote:
               | Are you saying e.g. a Rock cover of a classic piece isn't
               | original work? Because last I checked, the composer can
               | demand royalties (if it's not so old that it expired).
               | 
               | Of course you can sell physical things. You can even sell
               | digital things, but transformative works are a way of
               | creative expression. Or, say, a live streamer on Twitch
               | doing an IRL (using a mobile uplink while out and about)
               | getting their content (people seem to like it, so it
               | appears to have some value) deleted/banned because a car
               | with an open window waiting at the stoplight had the
               | radio on.
               | 
               | And I don't know where you got that I'm making six
               | figures. I'm just not aware of individual artists making
               | a living by selling digital copies of their work. I'm not
               | saying they should put a free-download button there, but
               | having to keep track of who made which parts when
               | (copyright and expiry) is a gigantic pain, especially for
               | small artists who do transformative work.
               | 
               | I'm primarily attacking the rent-seeking model of
               | software houses and (at least most of) the MPAA & RIAA.
               | 
               | I want to encourage work-for-hire (potentially payed by a
               | collective) and Patreon-like models over rent-seeking
               | business "propositions". The benefit is that all the
               | censorship for reasons other than legality and
               | bookkeeping for royalties would be gone. It would enable
               | far better privacy, too.
        
             | namibj wrote:
             | Well, see the AV1 codec? They made it because they were
             | sick of patents and license costs for H.265, preferring to
             | fund the development of a completely new one, primarily to
             | avoid the fees.
             | 
             | Or see RedHat and their Linux development/support. They
             | don't rent-seek via copyright. And no proprietary
             | programming language has a large user base. The closest is
             | probably Microsoft Excel, I'd guess.
        
           | silexia wrote:
           | I agree with everything you said here pretty much. The way I
           | would address the problem is to perhaps outright get rid of
           | patents, limit copyright to 5 years, eliminate any ability to
           | copyright software, and allow for trademarks as that is just
           | the identifier for a specific brand.
        
             | namibj wrote:
             | Yes, patents stopped fulfilling their societal contract
             | decades ago. I do no think anything critical necessarily
             | relies on them being a thing.
             | 
             | As for copyright, though.... a large part of the downsides
             | lie with having to do bookkeeping and such. I'd argue for a
             | total elimination of copyright, only keeping some very
             | basic anti-plagiarism clauses (don't copy and then claim it
             | was you who did it). They have to rely on intent, however.
             | Accidentally reciting a joke and thinking you came up with
             | it has to be very far from the grey zone.
             | 
             | Trademarks are a vehicle for reputation and trust in a
             | market, see e.g. how you can't buy poor quality tools
             | branded "Knipex", or how Samsung is know to not employ
             | overly deceptive branding/advertising for their portable
             | flash media, along with being known for at least decent
             | reliability.
        
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