[HN Gopher] GitHub blocks entire company because one employee wa...
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       GitHub blocks entire company because one employee was in Iran
        
       Author : PhilipTrauner
       Score  : 575 points
       Date   : 2021-01-05 10:23 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | dustinmoris wrote:
       | Is GitHub going to take itself down when one of their employees
       | goes to Iran for holiday and logs into their GitHub account? If
       | not, then why are they treating others with such contempt?
        
         | heisenbit wrote:
         | I think it is ridiculous to treat this misbehavior of letting
         | someone log in from Iran as a mere transgression of a
         | subsidiary. Clearly Microsoft needs to shut down all their
         | servers as they are paying for Github.
        
         | astura wrote:
         | I'd imagine Github/Microsoft has extremely strict rules about
         | not taking company resources to, or performing any work at, or
         | accessing any company resources from countries that are
         | embargoed.
         | 
         | This simply wouldn't happen at my company because special
         | permission is needed to take any company assets out of the
         | country. If anyone at my company casually took a company laptop
         | to Iran that would be instant termination. It absolutely
         | astonishes me that a company _wouldn 't_ have a policy about
         | taking company resources to foreign countries.
        
           | diebeforei485 wrote:
           | This is not the case at most large companies (FAANG) - no
           | special permission is required to take a laptop with you
           | across borders. They'd generally rather you have your laptop
           | with you so you can get work done.
           | 
           | Regardless, this person logged into GitHub, which could have
           | been from any device including a phone.
        
             | astura wrote:
             | 1) In this case the laptop was taken to Iran, so that's
             | what we are talking about here.
             | 
             | 2) I can assure you there's policies at Microsoft that
             | include performing work abroad and accessing any company
             | resources from abroad. Obviously nobody will be approved to
             | access any company resources from Iran, especially not
             | source code.
             | 
             | 3) I can say there is policies at MS this with a very high
             | degree of confidence because I personally have done work
             | with Microsoft involving code and data that is export
             | restricted.
             | 
             | 4) Companies should have policies in place in order to
             | avoid situations like this. Taking your company laptop to,
             | say, Germany probably isn't a big deal for most companies,
             | but any "exporting" company assets should at least be pre-
             | approved/documented.
        
           | meesles wrote:
           | My startup had similar rules when we were only 10 people.
           | 
           | Beyond just the Iran issue, it's known that trade secrets on
           | employee laptops are at risk when crossing some international
           | borders, particularly in airports. Border agents can
           | confiscate electronic devices on vague suspicions, compel you
           | to unlock them (or hack them open in some cases), and then
           | leave them in unsupervised settings with yet more border
           | agents who have the barest electronic security training.
           | These risks terrified me during my travels!
        
             | astura wrote:
             | Right - this is actually the main reason for such policies;
             | we receive regular training on this.
             | 
             | All devices are subject to search, seizure, and duplication
             | when crossing international borders and border agents may
             | tamper with devices as well. If assets cross borders there
             | has to be a good reason, it has to be documented, and
             | phones/computers may have to be scrubbed before and after
             | depending on circumstances.
        
         | vegannet wrote:
         | I can't speak for Microsoft but certainly at Amazon there was a
         | very strict policy about working from specific US locales for
         | tax liability reasons: it wouldn't surprise me at all to learn
         | Microsoft employees are quite explicitly banned from ever
         | taking equipment into places like Iran. Would they ban
         | themselves if it did happen? No, but also it should never
         | happen vs. this case where they have an employee working from
         | Iran.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mugivarra69 wrote:
         | its simple, they dont pass a background check on them probably.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | GitHub is in possession of substantial additional information
         | in that scenario, namely, "we're quite certain we don't have
         | Iranian employees on staff".
        
           | viseztrance wrote:
           | Do they keep an up to date database on who's dating whom?
        
             | IThinkImOKAY wrote:
             | yes
        
             | offtop5 wrote:
             | Funny Story.
             | 
             | When I went to London for the first time I meet a
             | ridiculously attractive Swedish Arab girl. She had
             | mentioned she really wanted to visit America, but with the
             | recent election of Donald Trump she was a bit scared.
             | 
             | Not all of us like Eastern European women, Trump blocked my
             | game right there.
             | 
             | The point of this story is anyone can meet anyone from
             | anywhere and the nasty racist system the US has for
             | blocking certain people because they have the wrong last
             | names or whatever doesn't do anyone any service.
             | 
             | I also don't think embargo serve anything aside from
             | radicalizing other people's. Take Vietnam, now you have
             | Coca-Cola, and McDonald's succeeding to do what 20 to 30
             | years of Western imposition couldn't, they've made Vietnam
             | capitalist. That was accomplished once the embargoes were
             | removed in the nineties. Even with Cuba ,I'd imagine if the
             | embargo didn't exist you'd see much more reform as
             | individuals would eventually be able to succeed on their
             | own merits.
        
       | eesmith wrote:
       | Whoo-hoo! Set up a free wi-fi node outside of a tech conference
       | (perhaps with cheap pastries for conference goers), routed
       | through a proxy in Iran. Don't need to decode https or anything -
       | assuming you can proxy https through Iran.
       | 
       | Then watch as bunches of companies are blocked from GitHub.
       | 
       | If the Iranian government wanted to have fun with US laws, they
       | could totally set this up. And it wouldn't even be illegal.
        
       | robinhood wrote:
       | Just happened: https://github.blog/2021-01-05-advancing-
       | developer-freedom-g...
        
         | tirthapatel wrote:
         | That's huge!
         | 
         | > we are working with the US government to secure similar
         | licenses for developers in Crimea and Syria as well
         | 
         | That's also super cool to hear!
         | 
         | Related Thread: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25648585
        
           | floatingatoll wrote:
           | "We were working for two years to get this license."
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25648849
        
       | zed88 wrote:
       | What's the difference between a Chinese company and a US company?
       | None. Both work for the state, although US ones operate under the
       | guise of democracy.
       | 
       | This sort of union between tech and politics is not going to take
       | us anywhere.
        
         | Daho0n wrote:
         | No there are big differences. For example in China FAANG could
         | easily be stopped from doing things they shouldn't while in the
         | US it takes years and years of lobbying, talking to the media,
         | making backroom deals, sitting on ones arse, changing the laws
         | so it isn't unlawful anymore, etc.
        
         | cambalache wrote:
         | An American company pays the salary of a overwhelmingly
         | fraction of the people on this site. They will be dealt with
         | accordingly.
        
         | numlock86 wrote:
         | Nice phrasing. A bit edgy and exaggerated, though.
         | 
         | But since they are the same, I bet you can show us where the
         | USA holds a few (at least 5 digit range) people in abduction
         | camps, just to name one difference. Now that would be
         | interesting.
        
           | zed88 wrote:
           | Well...human memory is certainly weak or biased or both.
           | Let's not forget Guantanamo bay, which is just one among many
           | examples.
        
           | 10000truths wrote:
           | Surely you've heard of ICE and the sorry state of their
           | "detention facilities" by now?
        
           | asddubs wrote:
           | the US prefers using drone strikes to inflict suffering, I
           | believe
        
             | zed88 wrote:
             | Yeah you forgot to add 'extra-judicial' to the drone
             | strikes, breaching every international law.
        
       | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
       | It looks like the company has now gotten access to their GitHub
       | account again, according to the original poster on the Twitter
       | thread.
       | 
       | I don't know, it just looks like some kind of surveillance
       | automation kicked in, froze the account, and customer service was
       | slow.
        
       | ballenf wrote:
       | So GH has effectively given admin-level repo DELETE permissions
       | to everyone in the organization. Not sure they really thought
       | this one through.
       | 
       | Here comes a new employee onboarding document to sign: no Iranian
       | VPN nor travel to Iran.
        
       | eplanit wrote:
       | Don't let your business depend on cloud services. If they're
       | really important, then self-host your servers. There are so many
       | stories of the cloud being a single point of failure (ironically)
       | due to arbitrary and capricious rules, and/or bad support.
        
       | wolfretcrap wrote:
       | How long before someone gets an Iran VPN so that their company is
       | knocked out and they get a day off.
        
         | willis936 wrote:
         | My first thought was that this could have been avoided if a VPN
         | was used. Why bother with such a weakly enforceable policy?
        
           | dspillett wrote:
           | _> Why bother with such a weakly enforceable policy?_
           | 
           | To show they've done what they can to enforce the embargo, in
           | the hope that the policy is enough to satisfy the authorities
           | wrt doing enough.
           | 
           | They can't tell is a user is circumventing the policy via a
           | VPN, but such a user is actively circumventing the
           | enforcement of the policy so can't try pass the buck with a
           | "well they let us, so we just assumed it was OK" based
           | excuse.
        
       | ykevinator wrote:
       | They don't have a choice it's not githubs fault
        
       | benjaminwootton wrote:
       | Github refused to help me regain access to an 11 year old account
       | when I changed jobs so lost access to 2FA and email account at
       | the same time.
       | 
       | We lost access to tens of thousands of dollars worth of project
       | code which we had to rewrite.
       | 
       | The customer service support was Google style brick wall.
       | 
       | I wish this guy luck in getting access.
        
         | otagekki wrote:
         | Rewrite? Wow. Hopefully for them it is just code so all they'd
         | have to do is push their branches to a new self-hosted server.
        
           | wccrawford wrote:
           | Right? Why wasn't there a backup _somewhere_ other than
           | Github? Even just a repo that was checked out somewhere.
        
             | richardwhiuk wrote:
             | Feels like this code was owned by the company was the
             | author no longer worked for....
        
           | elwell wrote:
           | Code is (almost) always better when it's re-written. So,
           | maybe it was a blessing in disguise...
        
         | tester34 wrote:
         | how did you want to prove that it was your account instead of
         | stolen "informations" that may be used in recovery process?
         | 
         | couldn't you "just" contact your previous employer?
         | 
         | anyway, why your private account was using job email :o
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | To be fair to GH, I wouldn't trust them if their customer
         | service could be convinced to unlock an account with neither
         | email nor 2FA access. Passwords leak all the time (because
         | people are bad at using unique passwords) and social
         | engineering efforts are quite effective at hijacking high-value
         | accounts in a great deal of companies, so while I sympathise
         | with the loss of your account, your experience actually
         | improves my opinion of GH's support.
        
           | zuzun wrote:
           | They just turned 2FA on for all accounts and that was the
           | moment I found out that mine was pointing to the wrong email
           | address. I wish they would allow you to sign something with
           | your private SSH key to get an inactive account back.
        
             | smarx007 wrote:
             | I think this is where I think having a scan of a passport
             | and requiring a letter certified by a public notary would
             | be a better approach.
        
             | TimWolla wrote:
             | They do: https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-
             | team@latest/github/authe...
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | 2FA should be bypassable after some longish lockout period.
           | 
           | For example, someone has lost their password, email access,
           | phone number, and 2FA app. Make them wait a month to regain
           | account access.
           | 
           | If any time during that month, the account is used or logged
           | into, cancel the takeover request. During the month, every
           | day send an email to all points of contact on the account
           | letting them know what will happen.
           | 
           | It's a trade-off of the harm of unauthorized access to a
           | dormant account Vs blocking someone from accessing their data
           | (that is probably not backed up, and probably took
           | considerable effort to create).
           | 
           | Have an account-level setting to disable such a process, for
           | the people who might be offline for extended periods.
        
             | qayxc wrote:
             | > 2FA should be bypassable after some longish lockout
             | period.
             | 
             | Nope. No backups, no sympathy, simple as that.
             | 
             | 2FA is worthless if you start to put holes in it like that.
             | 
             | So if you value your data, make backups - preferably
             | locally the old-fashioned way, e.g. HDDs stored in at least
             | two different locations or at least using several different
             | cloud providers (which have their own infrastructure and
             | aren't just relying on AWS/GCP/Azure/etc.).
             | 
             | There's no such thing as a "trade-off" when it comes to
             | cyber security - either commit to it fully or just don't
             | use 2FA at all.
             | 
             | Personally, I think 2FA that doesn't rely on physical
             | devices (phones, keys, smart cards, etc.) is unreliable and
             | sketchy anyways.
             | 
             | If you can't spare a few hundred bucks on a NAS that you
             | can just put in a storage unit or bank vault if need be,
             | you data can't be that valuable anyway.
        
               | necovek wrote:
               | 2fa is good enough when it's another factor in the
               | authentication. Physical devices are great, but I prefer
               | more open things like TOTP/HOTP because they are easy to
               | backup and restore (well, for a technically versed person
               | who'd know not to keep it on the same device as their
               | password, otherwise you are almost back at 1fa).
               | 
               | I do agree with your take on account takeover in case of
               | lost credentials.
        
               | jfk13 wrote:
               | > There's no such thing as a "trade-off" when it comes to
               | cyber security
               | 
               | There are always trade-offs. No security is absolute, but
               | that doesn't mean all security is worthless. And as a
               | rule all security measures come with some associated
               | cost/inconvenience. What trade-offs make sense will
               | depend on many factors, such as the value of your data
               | (both to you and to a potential attacker), the threat
               | models you're concerned about, the people who need access
               | to your "secure" data, etc.
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | > No security is absolute, but that doesn't mean all
               | security is worthless.
               | 
               | I'm not talking about absolutely secure measures here,
               | I'm talking about watered down security measures.
               | 
               | Just like encryption that has backdoors, weakening 2FA by
               | providing ways around it by design makes it completely
               | worthless. And remember that this doesn't just apply to
               | one user - it affects _all_ users of a platform at the
               | same time if you allow nonsense like this.
               | 
               | There's no trade-off to be had there - you either offer a
               | more secure identification method or you don't.
               | 
               | To put it in a different and simpler context: a safety
               | gate has to have certain properties. If you remove one or
               | more of these, it ceases to be a safety gate and becomes
               | a regular door. A reinforced door with a cheap lock is
               | just as insecure as a cardboard door with a security lock
               | and a second key under the doormat or hidden under a rock
               | outside invalidates the usefulness of even a vault
               | door...
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | >> 2FA should be bypassable after some longish lockout
               | period.
               | 
               | > Nope. No backups, no sympathy, simple as that.
               | 
               | My two sim-cards were lost at the same time. Impossible,
               | right? Now I cannot access my Github account anymore.
               | Perfect security. Nothing important is lost and backups
               | are there. But what about the account itself?
        
               | TimWolla wrote:
               | You might be able to regain access if you still have your
               | SSH key: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25648815
        
               | necovek wrote:
               | Most countries require SIM registration using a
               | government issued ID document (including prepaid ones).
               | Some providers offer ID registration even for prepaid
               | SIMs. If you want privacy from your government too, don't
               | use SIM-based (sms or call) 2fa.
               | 
               | That's generally a suitable backup in my view.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Yet most countries allow foreign sims to roam into the
               | country. That effectively defeats the benefits of
               | requesting government id's, since the real criminals will
               | just use foreign sims.
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | That's a completely different scenario, though.
               | 
               | Roaming is essential for the primary function of phones,
               | whereas 2FA is not.
        
               | nrmitchi wrote:
               | > Nope. No backups, no sympathy, simple as that.
               | 
               | This is a really garbage opinion. Long tail reliability
               | situations like this is a major blocking point to large
               | scale adoption of many things. No one wants to use
               | something where the consequence of making a mistake is
               | "well I guess you're f*cked now". You're ignoring the
               | entire usability side of computing and innovation.
               | 
               | > 2FA is worthless if you start to put holes in it like
               | that.
               | 
               | No, it is not. 2FA can still prevent 99% of takeover
               | attempts. There are other ways to verify identity
               | (especially within a social network, where real life
               | people know other real life people), but these companies
               | simply do not want to put the effort it. And I can't
               | really blame them: it would be a large investment to
               | verify the identity of a given, every day person. This
               | could be something that can be paid for in order to
               | regain access in order to cover the elevated review
               | necessary.
               | 
               | Trust me, if Nat Friedman somehow loses his email and
               | 2fac at the same time, I can bet you that they would
               | someone find a way to verify his identity and let him
               | back in to his Github account (or honestly any other
               | account).
               | 
               | > There's no such thing as a "trade-off" when it comes to
               | cyber security
               | 
               | This is false. Almost every part of cyber-security is a
               | trade-off between security and usability. If you want the
               | most secure system, just turn everything off. Totally
               | secure. But also totally un-useable.
               | 
               | > If you can't spare a few hundred bucks on a NAS that
               | you can just put in a storage unit or bank vault if need
               | be, you data can't be that valuable anyway.
               | 
               | Not everyone has the privilege to spend a "few hundred
               | bucks on a NAS" and pay for it to be securely stored
               | somewhere.
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | > No one wants to use something where the consequence of
               | making a mistake is "well I guess you're f_cked now".
               | You're ignoring the entire usability side of computing
               | and innovation.
               | 
               | Wow wow wow, so you're basically saying that users who
               | are capable enough to even need/use decentralised version
               | control systems are too dumb and incompetent to setup
               | Time Machine, Timeshift, or File History? Really?
               | 
               | > There are other ways to verify identity (especially
               | within a social network, where real life people know
               | other real life people), but these companies simply do
               | not want to put the effort it.
               | 
               | So you are suggesting that instead of keeping one piece
               | of information (e.g. a second e-mail address or just a
               | token generator, which can be an app), you instead share
               | your _entire_ private life with these companies? Oh, and
               | by the way - how would you even protect your social media
               | accounts then? 2FA all the way down?
               | 
               | > Trust me, if Nat Friedman somehow loses his email and
               | 2fac at the same time, I can bet you that they would
               | someone find a way to verify his identity and let him
               | back in to his Github account (or honestly any other
               | account).
               | 
               | Trust me, the CEO running the show is in an entirely
               | different category than most of the 50 million other
               | accounts and you (in this case GH) don't even _want_ to
               | have all this sensitive personal information.
               | 
               | The less info you have, the less impact a data leak on
               | the provider's side can have. Why would anyone trust GH
               | with their personal information more than any other tech
               | company?
               | 
               | Mission critical data belongs in multiple location. Full
               | stop. Losing access to a GH account should never be more
               | than an inconvenience if your livelihood depends on it or
               | you value your personal data.
               | 
               | > This is false. Almost every part of cyber-security is a
               | trade-off between security and usability. If you want the
               | most secure system, just turn everything off. Totally
               | secure. But also totally un-useable.
               | 
               | I'm not talking about security in general. I'm
               | specifically talking about deliberately weakening a
               | security measure (here: 2FA) for no reason at all.
               | 
               | Do you leave your house key under the doormat? Do you
               | keep a post-it note with all your passwords taped to the
               | back of your phone - you know, just in case you forget
               | one and for convenience?
               | 
               | > Not everyone has the privilege to spend a "few hundred
               | bucks on a NAS" and pay for it to be securely stored
               | somewhere.
               | 
               | A USB drive is not a privilege and if you can't afford a
               | data storage solution I seriously wonder why you have a
               | need for a distributed version control system in a
               | (semi-)professional environment.
               | 
               | Data has become more important than ever, yet people
               | still fail to understand to treat it like they would
               | other valuables. 20 bucks for a protective case for your
               | phone - no problem. 50 bucks for a half decent 1TB
               | portable USB HDD to backup their most important and
               | irreplaceable data - only the privileged and tech gurus
               | can afford that...
               | 
               | Nah mate, think again. It just doesn't make sense to put
               | all your eggs in one basket (allegedly 10s of thousands
               | of proverbial eggs in this case) and then whine about
               | forgetting to change 2FA, having no backups whatsoever,
               | and mixing private and work accounts all at the same
               | time.
               | 
               | This is one of those things that you should learn from
               | and the least you can do is to have a cheap external HDD
               | and a recent backup of your most important stuff.
        
               | nrmitchi wrote:
               | > you're basically saying that users who are capable
               | enough to even need/use decentralised version control
               | systems are too dumb and incompetent
               | 
               | Do not put words in my mouth. I did not say that, you
               | just did. I said that usability is a real concern,
               | because no matter what you expect people to do, it will
               | never work perfectly 100% of the time.
               | 
               | > I'm not talking about security in general.
               | 
               | You can say that now, but that's not what you said
               | previously. "There's no such thing as a "trade-off" when
               | it comes to cyber security"
               | 
               | > you instead share your entire private life with these
               | companies?
               | 
               | Again, I did not say that. Github is a social coding
               | network. I am not saying that I have all of the answers
               | as to how this should work, but I am saying that if 1
               | member of a 100 person organization loses access to their
               | account, and the other 99 members all confirm that their
               | account access was lost via some event and assert their
               | identity, you could have the start of a reasonable
               | recovery path.
               | 
               | > the CEO running the show is in an entirely different
               | category
               | 
               | Not sure what you mean by this. Are you saying that a CEO
               | is just automatically more responsible and not going to
               | lose something? Or are you saying that he's clearly just
               | more important so it's okay to bypass the stated
               | procedure for just him/her?
               | 
               | > Do you leave your house key under the doormat? Do you
               | keep a post-it note with all your passwords taped to the
               | back of your phone - you know, just in case you forget
               | one and for convenience?
               | 
               | This is not even a valid comparison, and you're just
               | trying to be condescending. I don't leave a house key
               | under my mat just in case I lose it. But I also don't
               | expect to never be allowed to enter my house again just
               | because my key is lost.
               | 
               | > if you can't afford a data storage solution I seriously
               | wonder why you have a need for a distributed version
               | control system in a (semi-)professional environment.
               | 
               | Because many people use Github for non semi-professional
               | environments? It is full of amateurs. Just because you
               | don't find someone's work valuable, doesn't mean that
               | they don't. Saying "Well it's not professional, so if you
               | lost it then it doesn't matter" is not correct.
               | 
               | > 20 bucks for a protective case for your phone - no
               | problem. 50 bucks for a half decent 1TB portable USB HDD
               | to backup
               | 
               | You're comparing a 1 time action to a recurring action.
               | I'm not saying that you shouldn't have back ups. You
               | obviously should. But people are human beings. Even if
               | 99% of people have perfect back ups, that's still 560k
               | (according to Github home page numbers) that will have
               | failed backups or some other issue.
               | 
               | PS. you keep widely including the term "decentralized",
               | as if just because _git_ is decentralized, that nothing
               | on Github should matter. For better or for worse, Github
               | has become the central git repository provider for
               | millions of people. Claiming that Github services should
               | be magically decentralized just because git is
               | decentralized is an invalid claim. Because _Github_ is
               | not decentralized.
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | >> I'm not talking about security in general.
               | 
               | > You can say that now, but that's not what you said
               | previously. "There's no such thing as a "trade-off" when
               | it comes to cyber security"
               | 
               | I literally followed that up by "either commit to it
               | fully or don't use 2FA at all". You omitted crucial
               | context there. Now I could have expressed that more
               | clearly, sure, but the context is right there
               | nonetheless.
               | 
               | >> the CEO running the show is in an entirely different
               | category
               | 
               | > Not sure what you mean by this.
               | 
               | What I mean is that the guy is not just "a CEO" - it's
               | _the_ CEO of the very company in question here. So what I
               | 'm saying is that someone _within_ an organisation - let
               | alone the head of said organisation - has very different
               | tools at their disposal than can or should be provided to
               | their users.
               | 
               | > It is full of amateurs. Just because you don't find
               | someone's work valuable, doesn't mean that they don't.
               | Saying "Well it's not professional, so if you lost it
               | then it doesn't matter" is not correct.
               | 
               | Amateurs don't lose 10s of thousands of dollars from
               | losing their GH account. Again - omitting context. If
               | your data isn't valuable to you (be that in terms of
               | money of for sentimental reasons) then it doesn't matter
               | indeed. Just like you'd protect physical assets, non-
               | physical assets require protection as well and if you
               | don't do that, said assets cannot be of much value to
               | you, no?
               | 
               | > But people are human beings. Even if 99% of people have
               | perfect back ups, that's still 560k (according to Github
               | home page numbers) that will have failed backups or some
               | other issue.
               | 
               | So what you're suggesting is putting 100% of users at
               | risk because there's the odd chance that someone might
               | lose data? That's just not reasonable at all.
               | 
               | > you keep widely including the term "decentralized", as
               | if just because git is decentralized, that nothing on
               | Github should matter.
               | 
               | Because it _does_ matter in that all you need to do is to
               | keep a local copy of your repo. With a centralised system
               | you 'd lose the most important part of the repo: the
               | complete commit history and all branches.
               | 
               | This is not the case with git and "all" you'd lose would
               | be external configuration, issues and Wiki pages, but
               | even those can easily be exported and saved externally.
               | 
               | You can even re-import all of that to a new account if
               | need be. Heck, you can setup triggers that synchronise
               | the entire repo - including issues, projects and wiki to
               | other providers or a local copy if you really want/need
               | to.
               | 
               | The fact that millions rely on services like GH, GL, and
               | BB doesn't change the nature of git.
               | 
               | Again - if your data is important to you - be that for
               | monetary or private reasons - don't keep it in one place.
               | Especially if that place can be locked away from you at
               | any time for any odd reason. I don't understand why
               | people these days have such a hard time understanding
               | this, but using GH implies that you put your data on
               | someone else's machine with little to no guarantees
               | whatsoever.
               | 
               | None of these multi-million and billion dollar
               | corporation deserve _any_ of our trust and using their
               | services comes with strings attached. Whining doesn 't
               | help - being aware of this and becoming a responsible and
               | critical user who knows their options is what helps
               | avoiding disasters like this.
               | 
               | PS: you should really start by looking into how git
               | itself works (especially compared to centralised repos
               | like SVN) to actually understand the importance of
               | decentraised version control.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | > Nope. No backups, no sympathy, simple as that.
               | 
               | For your personal stuff, sure. But when engineering a
               | service, you should care about _everyones_ stuff, not
               | just those who are careful.
               | 
               | You should design your service to try to help those users
               | who use the same password they did on myspace in 2004 and
               | write it on a sticky note on their desk. Engineer for
               | those who shared their password with their now-hated ex.
               | 
               | Even if the user takes massive security risks, the
               | service should still try to maximize the users ability to
               | use the service, while minimizing an attackers use/access
               | to the service.
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | > You should design your service to try to help those
               | users who use the same password they did on myspace in
               | 2004 and write it on a sticky note on their desk.
               | Engineer for those who shared their password with their
               | now-hated ex.
               | 
               | Those can't be helped. We're not talking about Geocities
               | or MySpace here - we're talking about a service that
               | hosts a distributed version control system aimed at
               | experienced users with a technical background.
               | 
               | The target audience is strictly not your average consumer
               | and even then you shouldn't insult the intelligence of
               | your users.
               | 
               | 2FA is intended to protect _all_ users of the service and
               | users _do_ have a choice when it comes to selecting their
               | 2nd factor. Doesn 't have to be an e-mail or phone. It
               | can be an app-generated token as well.
               | 
               | And loosing everything at once is tragic (hence: keep
               | backups!), but suggesting that the locksmith should be
               | allowed to just open the door if you ask nicely and the
               | owners don't show up within an hour would be just as
               | ridiculous as allowing to circumvent 2FA.
        
               | necovek wrote:
               | Other than requiring some form of government issued
               | identification (including prior to the incident), or a
               | well built reputation using GPG (but those are not going
               | to be users you mention), how would achieve that today?
               | 
               | And as the GP says, what role would 2fa play in that
               | scenario?
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | 2fa simply means the user has more ways to potentially
               | identify themselves... That means as a service you should
               | try harder to stop someone else getting in, but also try
               | harder to maintain access for the real owner. The 2fa
               | code should help you do that, because now there are more
               | things that the real account owner can do to identify
               | themselves that an attacker cannot.
        
               | nindalf wrote:
               | I don't know why this is difficult to understand. Any
               | decision Github takes has a trade-off that will affect
               | all users. Any time they allow a bypass of 2FA _and_
               | email, they are putting potentially every account at risk
               | of compromise. It doesn 't matter how good the excuse
               | given to the Github customer service rep is, bypass
               | shouldn't be allowed so that all users' data is kept
               | safe.
               | 
               | Let me put it in HN terms. One person grousing how they
               | lost their account due to their own fault is a minor HN
               | comment in the middle of a thread. A person complaining
               | that Github customer service assisted an attacker in
               | account compromise is a front page thread by itself,
               | probably picked up by mainstream news. Does that make
               | Github's decision easier to make?
        
         | a254613e wrote:
         | To me that sounds perfectly reasonable, and in fact a good
         | policy. It seems like you lost access to your company account,
         | based on your comment, so who is "we" that lost thousands of
         | dollars worth of project code? If it was your employer that you
         | had the email with, why couldn't you just restore the email?
         | 
         | What in your opinion should github do when an employee loses
         | access to their company email, and 2FA, because they're fired?
         | Should the employee gain access to all the code and the account
         | by just contacting github via their personal email?
        
         | frombody wrote:
         | Using a company email to sign up for services and expecting to
         | have access after you leave the company is 100% entirely your
         | fault.
         | 
         | Even with the positive spin you're trying to put on it, it
         | still sounds like you are trying to steal data from your former
         | employer.
         | 
         | The situation would probably also be easily resolvable with
         | your former employer's help, and there is likely a reason they
         | aren't helping you.
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | Yeah, it seems odd that the former employer doesn't just
           | remove the account from their org and thus remove the MFA
           | requirement.
           | 
           | I've had really positive experiences with GitHub support, but
           | you can't ask them impossible things.
           | 
           | There's a GitHub user with my org name, they've had it for a
           | long time and aren't active. I asked GitHub support to see if
           | they were active and if they'd be willing to transfer the
           | account. GitHub confirmed they were active but just with no
           | public activity and they passed along the request.
           | 
           | I like that they were human and didn't try to force the user
           | to give up their account.
           | 
           | I've had multiple colleagues say that we should try to force
           | the user and I don't support that line of reasoning. The user
           | has a legitimate use of the name.I like that GitHub took the
           | high road,
        
       | kkapelon wrote:
       | This means that as a disgruntled employee I can simply visit
       | Iran, log in my company Github account and boom!
       | 
       | I have now taken revenge on my whole company with minimal effort.
        
         | Illniyar wrote:
         | Or just use a vpn that has servers in Iran? I think there are a
         | few, hidemyass is one also I think, services designed to test
         | access from different countries.
        
           | kkapelon wrote:
           | Great idea! Maybe GitHub does some additional checks for
           | determining if somebody is in Iran? Or they have a special
           | way to know if a VPN is used?
           | 
           | I think that some VPN services offer a "random server"
           | access, so you are essentially playing Russian roulette if
           | you just happen to log in via an Iranian server.
        
         | wccrawford wrote:
         | Only if you're okay with the legal consequences of sabotaging
         | the company. They absolutely can sue you for it, and you might
         | even face criminal prosecution for such a thing.
        
           | kkapelon wrote:
           | There is also another scenario.
           | 
           | I steal with social engineering (or phishing or other method)
           | the GitHub credentials of an employee from a company I wish
           | to harm.
           | 
           | And then I simply log in GitHub(or use a VPN to appear in
           | Iran) with those stolen credentials.
           | 
           | Sounds like a very easy DOS method.
        
           | afroboy wrote:
           | On what basis they are going to sue him? he visited a
           | specific country and than boom. how in the hell are going to
           | prove that he did it in purpose.?
        
             | kkapelon wrote:
             | Exactly. Somebody who wanted to do this could simply book a
             | flight where Iran in an intermediate destination.
             | 
             | And then they would say "I had 30 minutes of waiting time
             | in transit and I just wanted to add a comment on my Pull
             | Request".
        
       | williesleg wrote:
       | "facebook blocks entire company because one employee is liberal"
       | 
       | "twitter blocks entire company because one employee is
       | conservative"
       | 
       | Who cares?
        
       | sebastiancoe wrote:
       | Nat Friedman, the CEO of Github has always been followed around
       | by rumors of racism against dark skinned people. I remember
       | someone saying he was saying racist stuff about Indians being
       | rapist while literally visiting India. His whole eagerness to
       | replace the terms master/slave has always stunk of someone trying
       | to mask something.
        
       | traviscj wrote:
       | I can't imagine what a bad workday this is gonna be for the rest
       | of the company.
        
       | tehwebguy wrote:
       | Microsoft should boycott the sanctions, they are cruel and the
       | _only reason they exist_ is that our current president hates our
       | previous president.
       | 
       | They are way too big to actually be penalized in a meaningful way
       | and doing the right thing once in a while feels great.
        
       | jamesmishra wrote:
       | I'm on GitHub/Microsoft's side here. They are not responsible for
       | the content of US export control laws, and they have an
       | incredible amount to lose if they are found to be in violation of
       | US export control laws.
       | 
       | Presumably GitHub needs some automated tool to prevent inbound
       | traffic from sanctioned countries, and it's hard to be certain
       | that they are complying with US law if such automated tools have
       | some wiggle room allowing for a non-zero amount of usage from
       | sanctioned countries.
       | 
       | The whole situation isn't great, but none of it is
       | GitHub/Microsoft's fault.
        
         | zoobab wrote:
         | Github does not respect Schrems2 neither.
        
         | wwtrv wrote:
         | " none of it is GitHub/Microsoft's fault."
         | 
         | Not really:
         | 
         | https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/...
         | 
         | pretty clearly states they don't even need to ban that specific
         | person let alone thr entire company.
        
         | u801e wrote:
         | > They are not responsible for the content of US export control
         | law
         | 
         | But they are responsible for understanding what's required
         | under those laws. If they're going beyond what's required to
         | comply with the law, then those further actions are entirely on
         | them.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | Yes, so Github has to take on the assumption that they are
           | visiting relatives, not resident in Iran.
           | 
           | Or you get the alternate headline "Github facilitates Iran
           | sanction evasion by allowing Iranian developers to mark
           | themselves as 'visiting a relative'" and the associated
           | charges.
        
             | u801e wrote:
             | There's nothing in the law that says that Github must block
             | an entire company from accessing their company org because
             | one member of that company logged into a separate account
             | that happened to be a member of the company org. At most,
             | the account that was accessed should be suspended.
        
         | f6v wrote:
         | Companies routinely engage in activism. I've seen more than one
         | software company cut off Trump campaign from their services,
         | which was politically motivated. Now, US sanctions against Iran
         | are clearly illegal. Yet, everyone is just fine with that, no
         | activism whatsoever. I say people should revolt.
        
           | necovek wrote:
           | I find your use of "illegal" interesting.
           | 
           | To me, it means "against a law", and laws are made by
           | countries (sure, parliaments of those countries or dictators
           | or...), and generally apply only to that particular country
           | (some things attempt to get a wider reach, but they are
           | usually unenforceable unless there's a local company to
           | pursue, most famous example being GDPR).
           | 
           | There are international conventions and the UN, but countries
           | do not have to be signatories or members to any of them. And
           | I've never heard anyone use the term "illegal" in that sense
           | before.
           | 
           | So what do you mean with "clearly illegal"?
           | 
           | (fwiw, I am very much against the US acting as the "policeman
           | of the world", but sanctions are a political tool to make
           | someone less powerful comply; beats an invasion and bombing
           | that USA has frequently resorted to)
        
             | f6v wrote:
             | "Illegal" is routinely used when talked about sanctions. In
             | that sense it means "unjustified".
        
               | jimbob45 wrote:
               | No, you're practicing Doublespeak. Illegality and
               | illegitimacy are not the same thing.
        
       | umarniz wrote:
       | The US sanctions on Iran has such a massive impact on Iranians
       | that most of us don't realise.
       | 
       | All US companies have to comply and majority of the tech
       | companies are unfortunately in the US.
       | 
       | I know you can use a VPN and configure it on a router level to
       | make sure that you are always connected via a VPN but just the
       | fact that 1 slip-up can result in account level blocks (which
       | google is notoriously good at and can essentially shut down your
       | business) means no company would want to work with someone
       | working from Iran.
       | 
       | Coming from a 3rd world country, I know the problems of internet
       | censorship which Iranians also face but being too toxic to touch
       | for everyone outside Iran because the US leadership thinks so is
       | just infuriating and heart breaking.
       | 
       | Imagine being a programmer in Iran. Not only do you have less
       | resources to learn and grow, you have a massive handicap to find
       | good work as most work is outside of the country.
       | 
       | Only bet is to leave the country but even there you have a very
       | low probability as you basically can't have a trial period for
       | your job as most companies don't want to risk having their
       | accounts blocked.
       | 
       | Most of us here know how degrading and infuriating the tech
       | recruiting processes can be and now add to it the horrors of
       | working from Iran.
       | 
       | Wars are not supposed to have civilian casualties but this one
       | has a generation of civilians being starved of information and
       | experience critical for them to grow.
        
         | factorialboy wrote:
         | (Controversial comment)
         | 
         | I am not condoning the actions of the United States government,
         | but arguably the Iranian Islamic theocratic regime has
         | unleashed more horrors on the Iranian people in the last 50
         | years than any other foreign government.
        
           | vernie wrote:
           | Hmm... I wonder if the United States government had anything
           | to do with that regime coming to power...
        
           | edumucelli wrote:
           | Imagine the horror US has unleashed "invading" almost every
           | country in the world (except 3) with formal or hidden
           | missions.
        
             | bogomipz wrote:
             | You realize that there are between 194 and 197 countries in
             | the world depending on who is doing the recognizing[1].
             | Could you please provide a citation for the 191+ countries
             | you say the US has invaded?
             | 
             | [1] https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/how-many-countries-
             | are-i...
        
             | hirako2000 wrote:
             | You replied to a troll trap. It doesn't matter what the
             | Iranian gov does or did, nor what the US gov did all these
             | years.
             | 
             | The argument is that the US sanctions are wrong. It's
             | totally against what America and the West at large stands
             | for. Those sanctions, as always punish innocent citizens
             | the most. The strategy of course is to make those citizens
             | revolt. But it ain't even working. See with Iraq and Libya,
             | they litterally ended up bombing these countries and
             | ensured the death penatly to those leaders, and now see how
             | worse it has become over there (interestingly the news
             | outlet don't report much of the situation now).
             | 
             | I have been clearly and firmly reminded by my employer
             | about sanctions on Iran and to not engage in any business
             | with Iranian as clients. The US government, like said in
             | another comment is using its country's private economical
             | powers for the service of its (absurd) geopolitics, not far
             | from what China has been doing, but with far more hypocrisy
             | and somehow less success.
        
           | publicola1990 wrote:
           | US sanctions are just adding to the troubles of the Iranian
           | people, I should say.
        
           | camdenlock wrote:
           | Imagine having to preface such a benign statement of fact
           | with a disclaimer like that. What kind of bizarre culture
           | have we created?
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | Another controversial comment:
         | 
         | This is the other side of the Enlightenment ideal that the
         | legitimacy of a government can only come from the support of
         | its people.
         | 
         | When you declare another people to be, literally, Satan, there
         | may be resulting consequences.
        
         | will4274 wrote:
         | Imagine being a programmer in Israel and hearing that the
         | leader of a neighboring country wants to kill you and everybody
         | you know.
         | 
         | We're not unaware of the impact of sanctions. Fundamentally,
         | starving a generation of Iranians of information and experience
         | is worth it if leads to civil unrest and regime change,
         | therefore preventing Iran's current leaders from committing the
         | genocide they've said they want to commit so many times.
        
           | cutemonster wrote:
           | > starving a generation of Iranians of information and
           | experience is worth it if leads to civil unrest and regime
           | change
           | 
           | I'm afraid you're mistaken, and that removing knowledge from
           | people just makes the regime stronger.
           | 
           | Instead, providing the people in Iran with more knowledge and
           | education would make even more people oppose the
           | dictatorship, I'd think.
           | 
           | Not nuclear physics though, but GitHub yes sure.
        
           | rabite wrote:
           | Imagine being almost any other religion in the Middle East
           | and learning that Israelis on a day to day basis are lobbying
           | to carve your countries apart by imperialist wars via their
           | American proxies, bulldozing the homes of your coethnics in
           | Palestine, raping their children, forcibly hijacking their
           | TVs and exposing their kids to pornographic broadcasts,
           | organizing a famine in Syria by their Kurdish proxies, and
           | occupying their homelands. It was only in 2006 that Shiites
           | and the SSNP finally kicked them out of South Lebanon, where
           | they regularly committed war atrocities. Add to this the
           | historical genocides that the nation of Israel completed and
           | rejoice in within their scriptures -- the Ammonites, the
           | Moabites, the Jebusites, the Canaanites (the assault on which
           | happened the day after the Israelites convinced them to get
           | circumcized, then went door to door killing them while their
           | dicks hurt) are all tribes that were completely physically
           | wiped out by the Israelites.
           | 
           | This argument should apply to Israel, which is the biggest
           | per capita committer of genocide, land theft, rape, and fraud
           | in the entire world. The entire history of Israel is one of
           | genocide, from the ancient world to today. We need BDS now
           | and a just society would absolutely shun your nation until
           | they respect human rights.
        
             | a1369209993 wrote:
             | > Add to this the historical genocides that the nation of
             | Israel completed and rejoice in within their scriptures
             | 
             | You do realize that the bulk of "other religions" in the
             | Middle East (namely Islam) - and, for that matter, the US
             | (namely Christianity) - are derived from those same
             | scriptures and rejoice in those same genocides (and have
             | happily added to them over the past couple millennia, of
             | course), right? There's no moral high ground on either side
             | of this mess.
        
             | will4274 wrote:
             | There's a lot in your post that's wrong and this comment
             | won't allow me to correct all of it. Grabbing two:
             | 
             | - the Arab nations don't consider themselves kin (or
             | "coethnics" whatever that means) with the Palestinians.
             | When Jordan and Egypt controlled the Palestinian territory,
             | they treated the Palestinians worse then Israeli does
             | today.
             | 
             | - the groups that commit the vast majority of rape (per
             | capita or otherwise) in the middle east are not Israeli. In
             | most of the Muslim countries, it's legal to rape your wife.
             | In some of them (such as Iran), men execute their daughters
             | for being raped by their neighbors. One well known group
             | (ISIS) was really into rape - and so Iran gave them money
             | so they could rape more.
             | 
             | If what you care about is rape, murder, and genocide,
             | you're against Iran 100x as much as you're against Israel.
        
           | mleonhard wrote:
           | Israel is starving several generations of Palestinians of
           | opportunity and experience [0], resulting in civil unrest.
           | Israel could de-escalate its tensions with its neighbors
           | (including Iran) at any time. It just needs to start treating
           | its neighbors with respect.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, peace in the Middle-East would shift political
           | power in all countries involved, shift government spending,
           | reduce military aid from superpowers [1], and reduce the
           | importance of the countries to the superpowers. A lot of
           | power and money is trying to prevent that from happening.
           | 
           | You don't need to play along with those powerful people. They
           | don't want to help you. Lasting peace would help you and your
           | descendants much more than continuing the current situation.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.btselem.org
           | 
           | [1] https://explorer.usaid.gov
        
             | will4274 wrote:
             | What does Israel's conflict in Palestine have to do with
             | Iran? The Ayatollah doesn't care about Palestinians.
             | 
             | Saying that Israel could resolve the issue by de-escalating
             | is nonsense, as much as saying the same thing about North
             | and South Korea. One side has leaders intent on acquiring
             | nuclear weapons and publicly claims it will use them
             | against its neighbors.
        
               | mleonhard wrote:
               | The analogy to North Korea is quite appropriate. Each
               | superpower supports its vassal states and ignores their
               | brutality.
               | 
               | USA : Israel : Palestinians :: PRC : North Korean
               | Dictatorship : North Korean People
        
       | kkoncevicius wrote:
       | A bit off topic, but seems like at some point these sanctions
       | start helping instead of harming. If you are "sanctioned" by
       | GitHub, Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, Instagram, PornHub, what have
       | you, then in the end you will probably gain productivity, not
       | loose it.
        
       | Dotnaught wrote:
       | GitHub has just announced a license for developers in Iran:
       | https://github.blog/2021-01-05-advancing-developer-freedom-g...
        
       | jeroenhd wrote:
       | If the Iranian employee logged into the Github account, isn't
       | blocking the account exactly what the law says they should do? If
       | all they did was apply a merge request in one of the repos then
       | would reverting the merge and blocking the account would be
       | enough to comply? Is there some alternative way to comply with US
       | export restrictions?
       | 
       | The real question here is why people even consider using US cloud
       | companies when they know they have employees working in countries
       | subject to severe US trade restrictions. If you're willing to
       | risk your company being denied business with American companies,
       | then you should also have a mitigation strategy when you get
       | caught. It sucks that you have to work around US regulation to do
       | normal business but this is just how the world works right now.
        
         | gnopgnip wrote:
         | https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/...
         | 
         | 118. I have a client that is in Iran to visit a relative. Do I
         | need to restrict the account?
         | 
         | Answer
         | 
         | No. As long as you are satisfied that the client is not
         | ordinarily resident in Iran, then the account does not need to
         | be restricted. See FAQ 37.
        
         | agilob wrote:
         | >If the Iranian employee logged into the Github account, isn't
         | blocking the account exactly what the law says they should do?
         | 
         | Does everyone in the world need to subscribe to "a list of
         | countries US jurisdiction doesn't like" just so we will be able
         | to work, check email or review opensource code while being on
         | holiday in an exotic country?
        
         | canofbars wrote:
         | Would it not be sufficient to just block requests from Iran
         | rather than shut down the account and the groups they are in?
         | That way when they return home they can still access the site.
        
           | austincheney wrote:
           | I believe that would be illegal. I suspect the reasoning is
           | that the US is not on friendly terms with the government of
           | Iran, which is a political squabble and not a conflict with
           | the people therein, even though the practical consequences
           | are indecipherable.
           | 
           | The US military has been wrestling with that reasoning for
           | about 20 years. If the majority of attacks and intrusions on
           | military infrastructure originate from a single nation state
           | and there exists evidence that most such attacks are
           | sponsored by that nation state it would make sense to simply
           | block all IP addresses originating from that nation state.
           | This does not occur because the attorneys will not allow it
           | due to both diplomatic and legal reasons.
        
           | jfrunyon wrote:
           | Iranian company uses VPN service to get around the block -
           | VPN goes down and their requests to GitHub go directly -
           | GitHub blocks those requests; the Iranian company continues
           | using them once the VPN is back on - US government finds out
           | - Bye bye GitHub
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | Given the legal penalties for violating sanctions and the
           | vigor with which they are pursued, probably not.
           | 
           | Should it be this way? No. Is it entirely Github's fault they
           | overreact to any sign they're serving Iranian users? Also no.
        
         | brmgb wrote:
         | It's not an Iranian employee. That's just someone visiting Iran
         | and login to their GitHub account.
         | 
         | GitHub reaction is outrageously disproportionate. They should
         | just prevent login from Iran. They had no basis for blocking a
         | legitimate customer in Europe based on this.
        
           | arghwhat wrote:
           | > ... one employee opened his laptop while visiting [h]is
           | parents in Iran.
           | 
           | I suppose this implies that the employee is Iranian.
           | 
           | The U.S. sanctions are pretty aggressive, and I don't think
           | preventing login from Iran is anywhere near enough to comply.
           | The law is the problem here.
        
             | dustinmoris wrote:
             | > I suppose this implies that the employee is Iranian
             | 
             | Sorry what??? I have family in India, but not because I'm
             | Indian, I just have family there. I have family in Poland,
             | not because I am Polish (well I am kind of, but not on
             | paper). I have family in the UK, but I'm not British.
             | 
             | This is 2021, not Christopher Columbus times.
        
               | arghwhat wrote:
               | You seem rather outraged by the sensible assumption that
               | parents living in Iran are _probably_ Iranian, and that a
               | person with two Iranian parents is _probably_ also
               | Iranian.
               | 
               | In 2021, people are still directly related to their
               | parents, and the majority of citizens in most countries
               | is indeed the local population.
               | 
               | They may of course have obtained American citizenship
               | now, but we're talking in the context of crazy US
               | sanctions on Iran here, which I think work on connection
               | to Iran.
               | 
               | I don't think there should be _any_ consequence to being
               | Iranian, but I don 't have a say in American politics.
        
               | CaptArmchair wrote:
               | Such presumptions have, historically, led to such actions
               | as the wholesale internment of Japanese Americans during
               | World War II. This included 2nd and 3rd generations born
               | in America, who never had left America. [1]
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_
               | America...
               | 
               | So, no, it's not merely a "sensible" assumption.
               | 
               | It's an assumption that carries collective trauma and
               | negative connotations for many who's ancestors have
               | experienced painful discrimination because of their
               | ancestry.
               | 
               | > I don't think there should be any consequence to being
               | Iranian, but I don't have a say in American politics.
               | 
               | No, you don't. But you do have a voice to ask critical
               | and nuanced questions out loudly.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | The problem with that internment was not the part where
               | the government labeled first generation immigrants as
               | Japanese.
        
               | dj_mc_merlin wrote:
               | You cannot relate two different ideas by virtue of one
               | tangentially common theme.
               | 
               | It's common sense that most people are from the same
               | country their parents are from, given what we know about
               | immigration.
               | 
               | Interning people based on predicting their behavior due
               | to ancestry is a whole different ballgame.
        
               | CaptArmchair wrote:
               | > It's common sense that most people are from the same
               | country their parents are from, given what we know about
               | immigration.
               | 
               | The legal concept you're referring to is called "ius
               | soli". The legal concept which serves as a basis to
               | determine someone's allegiance by their ancestry is
               | called "ius sanguinis". [1][2]
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jus_soli [2]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jus_sanguinis
               | 
               | So, no, it's not "common sense" to make that assumption.
               | 
               | Moreover, there's also the concept of "right to return"
               | in international law. Many nations have implemented this
               | in their nationality laws in a way that extends
               | surprisingly far.
               | 
               | For instance, if you're of Luxembourgish descent through
               | the male line of your family, you could just claim
               | Luxembourg citizenship - and by extension E.U.
               | citizenship - under Article 7 of their nationality laws.
               | Something which was recently pointed out on Reddit. Even
               | if you weren't born in Luxembourg or never have set a
               | foot in the E.U. proper. [3]
               | 
               | [3] https://www.reddit.com/r/YouShouldKnow/comments/izkwz
               | k/ysk_t...
               | 
               | I'm pretty sure some people might be surprised to
               | discover they have a right to citizenship in another
               | nation simply because they took the time to dig into
               | their ancestry, their history and nationality laws.
               | 
               | > Interning people based on predicting their behavior due
               | to ancestry is a whole different ballgame.
               | 
               | Of course it is.
               | 
               | But, why discuss someone's citizenship or ancestry then
               | if it - apparently - doesn't matter in this discussion at
               | all?
               | 
               | The only other theory that explains why this person got
               | his access revoked from Github because he visited Iran,
               | regardless of the reasons why, nevermind his citizenship
               | or his ancestry.
               | 
               | If citizenship and/or ancestry matters, as is seemingly
               | implied but never voiced in this discussion, then
               | bringing up the implications of how policies reflect on
               | that assumption clearly is relevant given the historic
               | perspective.
        
               | dj_mc_merlin wrote:
               | Those two rights deal with determining citizenship at
               | birth.
               | 
               | The common sense idea deals with the probability of
               | someone (already born) being of a certain citizenship
               | given their parents' location.
               | 
               | Different ideas.
               | 
               | > The legal concept which serves as a basis to determine
               | someone's allegiance by their ancestry is called "ius
               | sanguinis"
               | 
               | Not allegiance, citizenship. Different, but similar
               | concept again.
        
               | CaptArmchair wrote:
               | > Those two rights deal with determining citizenship at
               | birth.
               | 
               | Citizenship is always first determined at birth. This
               | isn't relevant to the discussion.
               | 
               | > The common sense idea deals with the probability of
               | someone (already born) being of a certain citizenship
               | given their parents' location.
               | 
               | That would be "ius soli". As opposed to "ius sanguinis".
               | 
               | It's also not a "probability". These are principles which
               | are formally enshrined in nationality laws and very much
               | determine travel, migration and national security
               | policies in different nations. Including the United
               | States.
               | 
               | These are not "common sense" either.
               | 
               | These are laws which come with a long historical pedigree
               | which includes identity politics, economic policies,
               | moral and ideological values, and so on.
               | 
               | They are also very much subject to change through the
               | dominant politics of the day.
               | 
               | > Not allegiance, citizenship. Different, but similar
               | concept again.
               | 
               | I'm not willing to engage in a semantic discussion.
        
               | u801e wrote:
               | > that a person with two Iranian parents is probably also
               | Iranian.
               | 
               | It depends on the countries' respective laws, but it's
               | certainly possible that the person in question is not
               | Iranian at all in terms of nationality as opposed to
               | ancestory. As I recall, the law in question pertains to
               | Iranian nationals, not those who happen to have Iranian
               | ancestory.
        
             | rurban wrote:
             | Nope, not at all. Thousands of Europeans are travelling to
             | Iran for tourism or conducting business. The trade
             | sanctions don't block visitors to check their work.
             | 
             | "The United States has imposed an arms ban and an almost
             | total economic embargo on Iran, which includes sanctions on
             | companies doing business with Iran, a ban on all Iranian-
             | origin imports, sanctions on Iranian financial
             | institutions, ..."
             | 
             | A private visit is not doing business, so the org cannot be
             | blocked. And most other companies are ignoring the US
             | sanctions, that's why we have the current propaganda push.
             | 
             | The law is ok, because economical sanctions are the only
             | way to get rogue nation states to comply. That's why we
             | have sanctions on Iran, Russia, Crimes, North Korea.
             | Unfortunately not against the US yet.
        
             | esolyt wrote:
             | It implies he has parents in Iran. He could be a US citizen
             | or an Iranian citizen. Or both. Or neither.
        
           | cies wrote:
           | Funny how GH gets shit for what the US has as laws. I'd focus
           | my outrage on the law, the lawmaker, and those who uphold it.
           | GH is merely trying to go by the book/ avoid penalties, as
           | expected.
        
             | matsemann wrote:
             | A single person has no way of influencing this. Twisting
             | Github's and others' arms is a great proxy. If they get
             | flak for their handling of this, they can go argue with law
             | makers.
        
               | imposterr wrote:
               | Does that not just speak to a larger problem with the
               | current political system that twisting the arm of a large
               | company is the only way to affect change?
        
               | jfrunyon wrote:
               | Does that mean that we shouldn't address any of the
               | smaller problems?
        
             | brmgb wrote:
             | The US embargo prevents doing business with Iran. Providing
             | service in Iran would be a violation of the embargo.
             | Blocking a whole European company not conducting business
             | with Iran because one of its employee tried to login while
             | there is not respecting the embargo, it's just overreach.
             | GitHub should get flak for that in the same way Paypal
             | regularly get flak for randomly freezing accounts.
        
               | jfrunyon wrote:
               | > not conducting business with Iran
               | 
               | > its employee tried to login while there
               | 
               | Those two statements are incompatible with each other.
        
               | rurban wrote:
               | Nope. There is an explicit exception for non-citizen's.
               | Only Iranian citizens need to be blocked.
               | 
               | And blocking on the first login attempt is overreach. The
               | system doesn't know if you are tourist, visitor or
               | resident. So wait two weeks at least.
        
               | jfrunyon wrote:
               | Nope. There is an explicit exception for people who you
               | _know_ are not an Iranian national.
        
               | quietbritishjim wrote:
               | > GitHub should get flak for that in the same way Paypal
               | regularly get flak for randomly freezing accounts.
               | 
               | If GitHub freezes your account, this is obviously serious
               | and can impact your business to a greater or lesser
               | extent depending on what your business does. But the data
               | is not lost, and you'll likely have a copy of at least
               | some of it (the actual repos) and maybe all of it if you
               | were being careful.
               | 
               | If Paypal freeze your account then any money in it is
               | simply lost (and your loss is Paypal's gain!). There's no
               | way you could keep a "backup" of that money even if you
               | were being careful. It's completely incomparable.
        
               | brmgb wrote:
               | > If Paypal freeze your account then any money in it is
               | simply lost (and your loss is Paypal's gain!).
               | 
               | While this is completely tangential to the current
               | discussion, I feel compelled to inform you that that's
               | not how it works. When Paypal freeze your account, your
               | account is not deleted, you just can't do anything with
               | it. The money on it obviously remains yours. You just
               | have to convince them that your account should be
               | unfrozen or wait the maximum duration you agreed to in
               | Paypal ToS - 180 days - after which they have to hand it
               | back to you.
        
               | cies wrote:
               | > GitHub should get flak for that in the same way Paypal
               | regularly get flak for randomly freezing accounts.
               | 
               | Random? I think the problem with Paypal was that they do
               | not warn or provide reasons for freezing. GH's reasons
               | are clear.
               | 
               | > Blocking a whole European company not conducting
               | business with Iran because one of its employee tried to
               | login while there is not respecting the embargo, it's
               | just overreach.
               | 
               | Says who? There is a law, the law is unclear and IHMO a
               | bad law. The law is overreach. Blaming GH for shitty US
               | laws is akin to killing the messenger.
        
               | ffpip wrote:
               | > Says who?
               | 
               | The same law you're stating.
               | 
               | https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-
               | sanctions/...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | astura wrote:
               | > I think the problem with Paypal was that they do not
               | warn or provide reasons for freezing
               | 
               | Which is par for the course for financial companies.
        
               | another-dave wrote:
               | > Says who? There is a law, the law is unclear and IHMO a
               | bad law.
               | 
               | Says the US Department of the Treasury, as mentioned in
               | the Twitter thread further down:
               | 
               | > 118. I have a client that is in Iran to visit a
               | relative. Do I need to restrict the account?
               | 
               | > No. As long as you are satisfied that the client is not
               | ordinarily resident in Iran, then the account does not
               | need to be restricted.
               | 
               | from their "FAQs: Iran sanctions" page --
               | https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-
               | sanctions/...
        
               | delfinom wrote:
               | GitHub didn't decide in their actions blindly. They have
               | lawyers who review the laws, look at their services and
               | write the rules to follow internally. The lawyers
               | obviously have a reason to disagree with the Treasury and
               | GitHub under Microsoft aren't exactly going to be using
               | cheap lawyers either.
        
               | diebeforei485 wrote:
               | They have since restored the account, so your argument is
               | invalid.
               | 
               | Keep in mind that US Government agencies that administer
               | sanctions laws (the Treasury, in this case) are the ones
               | interpreting what these laws mean. See https://en.m.wikip
               | edia.org/wiki/Chevron_U.S.A.,_Inc._v._Natu....
        
               | Sacho wrote:
               | Is Github on the hook if the client is actually a
               | resident? If so, the law is still bad and github's
               | response may be appropriate(just blocking login from Iran
               | sounds better though). You can't expect them to
               | investigate the personal details of their users.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | They could at least have a grace period for country
               | changes.
               | 
               | But I sure as hell _can_ expect them to investigate
               | before cutting service to a long-time customer.
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | And now is when GP should reply saying "oh gee, you are
               | right and I was wrong. thanks for pointing that out."
        
               | jimmydorry wrote:
               | Github shoulders all the responsibility if they get it
               | wrong. They appear to be doing the reasonable thing, up
               | until this could not be resolved through customer support
               | (as the company bears the burden of satisfying github
               | that they are not violating the embargo).
        
               | harperlee wrote:
               | Yes, the core problem here is that unblocking the
               | preventive block in 7 days is both unacceptable for the
               | client and a big OPEX ask for github.
               | 
               | What I'm not sure at all is that github had the
               | obligation to preventively block cases instead of the
               | alternative to investigate high risk cases prior to
               | block. As long as they had a sound Compliance process for
               | determining sanction enforcement needs in a reasonable
               | time it should be enough - though for sure more expensive
               | than autoblock followed by non-specialized, non-time
               | sensitive (for github!) customer service followup.
        
             | tpoacher wrote:
             | Well, it's kinda like the whole "if a misbehaving app
             | crashes the whole OS, whose fault is it? The app's? Or the
             | OS?"
        
             | x3c wrote:
             | Not as per the letter of the law.
             | 
             | https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-
             | sanctions/...
        
               | justin66 wrote:
               | It's so peculiar that you - and some guy on twitter,
               | apparently - are quoting a footnote to a FAQ on
               | Treasury's OFAC information page as if that captures the
               | entirety of an American company's obligations under the
               | law. This is _really obviously crazy,_ right? In any
               | other, less political, context involving business law and
               | liability the advice would be  "talk to a lawyer."
        
               | x3c wrote:
               | I doubt GitHub or any org is changing their SOP based on
               | my comment. But the mere existence of a scenario
               | equivalent to the one in question in the operating
               | guidelines suggest there is room fur sanity to prevail in
               | the interpretation of the law.
        
         | kitd wrote:
         | The real question is why GH blocks an Indian company and all
         | its Indian employees (all legal and outside the US sanctions
         | list) when an employee logs on in Iran.
         | 
         | Does US law require application to such an extreme degree? If
         | not, then why is GH doing it?
        
           | rad_gruchalski wrote:
           | Because github is a company based in the USA and must comply
           | with the law of USA. It does not matter where the customer of
           | github is based. It would be the same with gitlab because
           | they are based and hosted in the USA.
           | 
           | If you are German and USA decides to apply sancations on
           | Germany because of NordStream2 tomorrow, well, good luck
           | setting up your own gitlab ce...
        
             | kitd wrote:
             | Ofc GH has to comply with US law, but you missed the
             | question: does US law require blocking access to cover
             | those who are not on the sanctions list?
             | 
             | Or look at it another way: this is an Indian company. Does
             | one employee opening their laptop in Iran make it an
             | Iranian company under US law?
        
               | richardwhiuk wrote:
               | If the employee was Iranian, then yes, GitHub would be
               | required to do this.
        
               | kitd wrote:
               | No it wouldn't.
               | 
               | https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-
               | sanctions/...
        
               | ChrisLomont wrote:
               | "If the employee was Iranian, then yes,...."
        
           | jfrunyon wrote:
           | https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-
           | team@latest/github/site-...
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | You can't blame GitHub for intentionally over broad, OTT US
       | sanctions.
        
       | mcguire wrote:
       | Outsourcing anything has its own set of risks. Understand them
       | before you commit to living with them.
        
       | papier2020 wrote:
       | Since MS owns github does the same rule ban happen if a company
       | uses office365-onoline/azure - and one employee opens email from
       | Iran?
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | Probably yes
        
         | reallydontask wrote:
         | Tangentially related but one of my guys when to Cuba when we
         | were using G-suite and he couldn't access gmail, it seemed to
         | be ip-blocked.
         | 
         | Maybe Cuba has a very well known set of IP addresses and it's
         | easy to block?
        
           | paranoidrobot wrote:
           | A company I used to work for got acquired by a US-owned
           | organisation.
           | 
           | We were required to block traffic from sanctioned countries,
           | and were allowed to use a Geolocation IP Database to do so.
           | Lots of lawyers reviewed it, as well as external consultants.
        
       | amir734jj wrote:
       | I'm an iranian-american and this saddens me deeply. When you
       | travel to Iran you need to make sure you don't get arrested by
       | iranian regime because they have a history of taking dual
       | nationals as hostage. Then you open your laptop and suddenly you
       | have taken down your company and potentially lost your job.
        
         | Triv888 wrote:
         | > When you travel to Iran you need to make sure you don't get
         | arrested by iranian regime because they have a history of
         | taking dual nationals as hostage.
         | 
         | Isn't it trivial for them to catch you at the border if they
         | wanted to do it?
        
           | amir734jj wrote:
           | They usually arrest people at the airport when they are
           | leaving. It's called "hostage diplomacy"[0]. There is a whole
           | Wikipedia page dedicated to it.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostage_diplomacy#Iran
        
       | jonny383 wrote:
       | Please please PLEASE add at least one other provider to your
       | remotes if you're going all in on cloud.
       | 
       | Consider also doing a regular local backup of all your repos. A
       | quick Google search will yield you tools that will automate this
       | entire process on platforms such as GitHub , BitBucket and
       | GitLab. I personally delegated this to a Cron job. I check the
       | backups manually once a month to check all is in order.
        
         | grumple wrote:
         | This is good advise. Maybe even self-host a backup server.
        
         | kkapelon wrote:
         | While this is good advice of course, it is not clear to me if
         | the problem is just the source code.
         | 
         | The twitter message says "We are completely blocked from
         | deploying!."
         | 
         | Maybe they already have the source code elsewhere but use
         | GitHub actions?
        
           | RyJones wrote:
           | Heroku, maybe?
        
       | arthurmorgan wrote:
       | Was the employee logged in with the organization account? When I
       | visited Iran my personal and work account got locked but the org
       | account was untouched.
        
       | darkwater wrote:
       | I really wonder why economical penalties enforced to a country
       | through its citizens or people born there or with ancestors like
       | the USA does with all of its embargos aren't considered just as
       | terrorism. You are punishing other people for something they
       | didn't do just to pressure on their governments. Just like
       | terrorists injuring people. (Yeah I know terrorists usually kill
       | people but I'm pretty sure many people died due to economic
       | embargo as well)
        
         | Chris2048 wrote:
         | > You are punishing other people.. Just like terrorists
         | injuring people.
         | 
         | Because terrorism implies violence. What kind of deaths result
         | from economic embargo?
        
           | srtjstjsj wrote:
           | Starvation and disease.
        
         | Santosh83 wrote:
         | At this level "might makes right" is the only reality. Don't
         | let anyone tell you otherwise. Oh yeah they went through UN for
         | the sanctions... right... as if the UN isn't little better than
         | a rubber stamp agency in these areas.
         | 
         | On the flip side the US can do little if someone like China or
         | Russia decide to trade with and help out Iran. The problem is
         | the software sector is heavily dominated by the US, so they can
         | disproportionately affect Iran.
        
       | pelasaco wrote:
       | It looks like they are reading hacker news :)
       | 
       | https://github.blog/2021-01-05-advancing-developer-freedom-g...
        
       | talal7860 wrote:
       | Well, GitHub is now fully available in Iran:
       | https://github.blog/2021-01-05-advancing-developer-freedom-g...
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | I have _a lot_ of questions...
       | 
       | * Is this a US Company?
       | 
       | * What was the employee doing in Iran?
       | 
       | * Is the employee an Iranian national?
       | 
       | * Was the company aware of this?
       | 
       | Headlines like this make me really scratch my head.
        
       | siculars wrote:
       | Github obviously did not do enough due diligence here. IANAL but
       | am familiar with Sanctions considerations and IMHO, this does not
       | rise to the level of the action taken.
        
       | stunt wrote:
       | What a disproportionate reaction from Github.
       | 
       | They could simply block network access from Iran to make it
       | easier. Otherwise, blocking without giving warning is wrong. Even
       | banks give warning and deadline to their clients before closing
       | accounts that are linked to sanctions. Why Github blocked the
       | entire organization without proper communication and deadline to
       | fix or clarify the issue?
        
       | mzs wrote:
       | resolved:
       | https://twitter.com/sebslomski/status/1346467442428530691
        
       | bigphishy wrote:
       | What happened to the 'master main' comment thread? It was just
       | silently deleted from this thread. Massive censorship going on, I
       | am moving to a new website. Good riddance hackernews, take your
       | censorship and stick it!
        
       | aaomidi wrote:
       | Reminder that Microsoft has the power to ask the state department
       | for an exemption from these sanctions for github.
       | 
       | They have refused to do that. Google did that with Gmail and made
       | the argument that Gmail is an important utility for freedom of
       | the people there. Microsoft can do the same.
        
         | aaomidi wrote:
         | I'm glad that Microsoft finally reversed their stance on this.
        
       | sebyx07 wrote:
       | use vpn bois, it's 2020 not 1999
        
       | prepperdev wrote:
       | From the company perspective, it's an arbitrary disruption. It
       | could happen to any company.
       | 
       | While it's certainly very convenient and economically reasonable
       | to use cloud services for development and production, every
       | company should have a plan B.
       | 
       | In this case, it's an absolute must to have daily backups of all
       | repositories / all branches which are stored on premise. If your
       | company is not doing that, you play the lottery of losing access
       | to your own source code.
        
       | EdwinLarkin wrote:
       | Entrusting your business to an american entity is the stupidest
       | idea you could have thought about.
       | 
       | Especially us europeans should not rely on American services at
       | all.It's not worth it.
       | 
       | American corporations are just as much a liability as their
       | counterparts in China.
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | _> Especially us europeans should not rely on American services
         | at all.It's not worth it._
         | 
         | Sure, please let me know how the EU plans to build Office 365,
         | AWS, GitHub competitors of similar scale, quality and success.
         | 
         | We have no private investors that would pony up enough money to
         | go against US tech titans and fat chance the EU would ever fund
         | such initiatives and if they would, the money would evaporate
         | over night to companies with political connections and
         | overpriced consultants who would just produce documentation.
         | 
         | Let's face it, the ship of EU dominance in tech has sailed a
         | long time ago, we might as well get comfy with the US pulling
         | the strings on that front.
         | 
         | The only way the EU would ever stand a chance is if the EU
         | would pull a Chinese style great firewall and outright ban
         | foreign tech companies on their internal market, leaving space
         | for local companies to spring up and fill the void but that
         | will never happen.
        
           | sjogress wrote:
           | I agree with you that Office 365, AWS and Github are great
           | products. Hard, if not impossible, to catch up as a
           | competitior, especially when you have trillion dollar
           | companies backing them.
           | 
           | However, if you cannot trust those products then you cannot
           | use them.
           | 
           | Remember, this thread is about Github blocking an entire
           | company due to one employee due to American politics. If a
           | non-US company risks to lose it project management/code
           | management (Github), its infrastructure (AWS) or its
           | documents (Office 365) on a whim due to American policies
           | then they cannot use those products.
           | 
           | If a big enough chunk of the world can't use the American
           | offerings, then there is a market for alternatives.
        
           | m000 wrote:
           | > Sure, please let me know how the EU plans to build Office
           | 365, AWS, GitHub competitors of similar scale, quality and
           | success.
           | 
           | There are no such plans. EU wields a lot of regulatory power.
           | The most likely path of action would be to force
           | MS/Amazon/etc. to spin-off their EU side of the business. And
           | I believe that the companies have already prepared for this.
        
           | icelancer wrote:
           | I generally agree with your post (we both made the mistake of
           | posting during EU peak times and not US peak times, so
           | downvotes incoming), but it's worth noting that Airbus is a
           | success story bolstered by the now-EU to combat American
           | aerospace dominance.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | I love Airbus, but they're not a software company and since
             | we live in the age of cloud-everything, software has eaten
             | the world and all our mobile tech is controlled by two US
             | walled gardens (apple and google) that is a lot more
             | potentially impactful on our daily lives on multiple levels
             | of our society than what Airbus could do.
        
           | pastrami_panda wrote:
           | > We have no private investors that would pony up enough
           | money to go against US tech titans and fat chance the EU
           | would ever fund such initiatives
           | 
           | Did you miss this a couple of weeks back?
           | 
           | https://www.eetimes.eu/eu-signs-e145bn-declaration-to-
           | develo...
        
             | kmeisthax wrote:
             | That's for semiconductor technology, not a full software
             | stack, search engine, social network, or server hosting
             | farm that could compete with Apple, Google, Facebook, or
             | Amazon. Designing ICs is already a niche market, and
             | designing process nodes for IC manufacturing is even more
             | niche. Furthermore, the EU already had technical
             | superiority here: ASML is the company that supplies TSMC
             | with the machinery that powers their 5nm node.
        
               | pastrami_panda wrote:
               | Sure, I get what you're saying, but I hope you see my
               | point here. Pursuing 2nm lithography (which is something
               | like 1-2 nodes from bleeding edge?) with 135 billion euro
               | surely tells you something about their commitment.
               | 
               | I would also point out that many of these companies you
               | mention are immensely scattered. Take anyone and you'll
               | find their resources spread across an evergrowing
               | domain/portfolio. I'm not saying it's bad that Apple is
               | developing cars and Facebook VR headsets - I'm just
               | saying it spreads them thinner. If the EU found it
               | valuable enough to pursue e.g search within the next five
               | years it's not at all unfeasible or unreasonable to do
               | so. It might even be better for the greater good of the
               | internet frankly.
        
           | fnord123 wrote:
           | I think it's important to frame it correctly: US companies
           | have been persistently acting illegally in Europe. Avoiding
           | taxes (e.g. Amazon's Project Goldcrest) to undercut
           | competitors, mishandling data for profit, and then abusing
           | market dominant positions to prevent European competitors
           | from rising up; forcing those potential competitors to sell
           | to US firms.
           | 
           | You're right that it's probably too late to reverse all of
           | this economic damage that the US has intentionally caused.
           | It's a difficult problem for the world.
        
             | drstewart wrote:
             | Ah yes, poor innocent Europe that is so distraught over the
             | economic damage US companies did that _checks notes_
             | Ireland sued the EU on behalf of Apple to prevent it from
             | having to pay taxes.
             | 
             | You're right. You should frame it correctly and take
             | ownership over the complete and utter regulatory failures
             | of European countries to support and nurture local
             | businesses.
        
           | kavalg wrote:
           | It depends. For example, office software is already far into
           | the flat region of its innovation curve. IMHO it would
           | suffice to throw away MS and adopt e.g. LibreOffice in all
           | educational and government institutions throughout EU (and
           | there are precedents already). GitHub shall be even easier to
           | replace (complexity is far below office and open source
           | alternatives do exist). Now with AWS, it is really a tough
           | question. Hetzner is doing a very good (albeit slow) progress
           | towards AWS functionality. Their prices are competitive and
           | customer service is much better that what I ever got from AWS
           | (not affiliated, just a happy customer). The level of
           | integration in AWS however is still out of the reach of
           | Hetzner (Cloudfront, S3, SES etc).
           | 
           | It would be really interesting to know your opinion on what
           | functionality in AWS is indispensable and what you can
           | sacrifice in case Hetzner/OVH price for the rest is the same
           | as AWS or lower.
        
           | f6v wrote:
           | The Silicon Valley wasn't built overnight. The software
           | industry is just taking off in the EU. Mind you, nobody would
           | have thought that the US would loose their leading role in
           | the Middle East, look at them now. I can see the same
           | happening in tech.
        
             | waihtis wrote:
             | Problem is that EU is not comparable in any manner to the
             | US. For one, where do you suggest the Silicon Valley of EU
             | is? London would've been a decent bet except that they just
             | bailed.
             | 
             | As someone else mentioned, capital is way harder to raise
             | (meaning slower to market) - and then an underrated factor
             | which is equally important is how easy or difficult is it
             | to sell as a nascent startup. At least in my industry
             | (cybersecurity) it has been very hard in the EU vs US in
             | the earlier stages of product maturity.
             | 
             | Much like the parent comment, I don't see this changing
             | anytime soon and I'm fully betting on the fact US will keep
             | their dominance in tech.
        
               | f6v wrote:
               | Well, we shouldn't just assume that Silicon Valley has to
               | be a place. The lockdown showed that numerous companies
               | can operate 100% remotely. And I got the impression that
               | there's always more money than startups.
        
               | icelancer wrote:
               | Wages are also strangely way, way worse in the EU. When
               | you combine that with cost of living (and taxes) being
               | far higher there, it's not a great recipe for growth.
        
         | BatteryMountain wrote:
         | I'm in Africa and most companies here host their systems either
         | locally (very expensive and slow) or in America. The other day
         | at work I had a pretty heated argument at work with a colleague
         | when I mentioned it is really not good for us to host any of
         | our stuff in America (all of it is currently in America). He
         | basically freaked out about it. I just wanted to hear his
         | thoughts about it, but he took personal offence (he's an aws
         | fanboy).
         | 
         | There are problems with the laws, copyright laws too, US gov
         | agencies etc that are all incompatible with our own laws. If
         | something bad were to happen, our own courts have zero power to
         | help us. We also don't have a direct fiber line to America so
         | all our traffic hops through Europe and more recently through
         | South America, so about 200ms added to most requests.
         | 
         | The only reasons to use American hosting companies is because
         | of:
         | 
         | 1) The financial cost can in some cases work out to be lower
         | than local options.
         | 
         | 2) It can be easier to scale your service vs self-hosting on
         | premisses.
         | 
         | 3) American hosting platforms have really nice GUI's and
         | tooling, while being well integrated with the billing side -
         | everything mostly just works as expected.
         | 
         | But other than that, if money and skills are not a problem,
         | then on-prem is best here.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jfrunyon wrote:
           | Money and skills are ALWAYS problems. Those are "cheap" and
           | "fast" of the "cheap, fast, good, pick two".
        
             | cambalache wrote:
             | > Money and skills are ALWAYS problems. Those are "cheap"
             | and "fast" of the "cheap, fast, good, pick two".
             | 
             | Those are not problems, those are trade-offs. OP is right,
             | you could be in a position in which those trade-offs dont
             | apply to you (i.e. by buying a "expensive" but great
             | solution, this happens all the time in all the industries)
             | or you could sacrifice one item (say speed) in your
             | solution if this is not a problem for your workflow ("so
             | what if a open source tool runs 2x as slow as the best
             | proprietary option, our daily batch processing take 2 hours
             | and it is used in weekly buckets")
        
         | jokethrowaway wrote:
         | This is ridiculous.
         | 
         | China requires access to your company code and pretty much owns
         | you.
         | 
         | The USA government is interfering as much as Europeans
         | government do, by making stupid laws and demanding access when
         | they can think of an excuse. Sure, it's bad but it's not as bad
         | as China.
         | 
         | You can't trust any government, but some are better than
         | others.
        
           | swayson wrote:
           | Indeed, gives me hope for decentralised technologies like
           | gitcoin, that could perhaps give more agency to developers.
        
         | icelancer wrote:
         | The top 33 "software and programming" companies by revenue in
         | the world can be found below [0]. 28 of them are American. Two
         | are in the EU. One is in the UK. One is in Australia. The last
         | is Russian.
         | 
         | One of the companies in the EU produces enterprise software
         | almost no one on this website uses (SAP). The other is
         | Dassault.
         | 
         | In the US the top five companies are Microsoft, Oracle, ADP,
         | Adobe, and Salesforce. If you include Alphabet and Amazon,
         | well...
         | 
         | When the EU or Asia (non-China, I guess) can offer mature
         | alternatives even remotely competitive with the American
         | companies, I guess your strategy could work. Until then, no one
         | is going to flock to Hetzner over AWS.
         | 
         | And I like Hetzner.
         | 
         | [0]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_largest_software_c...
        
           | Erlich_Bachman wrote:
           | > One of the companies in the EU produces enterprise software
           | almost no one on this website uses (SAP)
           | 
           | What? SAP is a huge software that is used in a lot of
           | companies.
        
             | kavalg wrote:
             | Also, you should take into account that SAP the company is
             | not just the ERP. It has acquired several big SaaS vendors
             | in the past years (Ariba, SuccessFactors, Concur etc) so
             | many of us may be touching SAP without even realizing it.
        
             | icelancer wrote:
             | Correct. I'm also willing to bet the people on Hacker News
             | are not typically in the circle of businesses that use SAP.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | I'm willing to bet that they are.
               | 
               | Do you think there is a huge tendency towards Oracle,
               | Infor or MS Dynamics rather than SAP across hacker news,
               | or are you just assuming that people who go on hacker
               | news aren't in the 'circle of companies' which need an
               | ERP?
               | 
               | Most people on HN probably go work for companies that pay
               | them the best compensation or offer them a good position,
               | not based on what ERP they chose.
        
               | dtech wrote:
               | You underestimate the reach of SAP and overestimate the
               | "SV-ness" of HN.
        
               | kuriho wrote:
               | SAP Developer/Customer here.
               | 
               | Does that mean most people on HN work for companies
               | either too small for or too competent to outsource an ERP
               | system?
        
               | hasa wrote:
               | SAP user here... not that I liked it :)
        
           | tpoacher wrote:
           | Both you and the person you replied to are right. They are
           | not mutually exclusive points.
           | 
           | Famous example: MS Windows having a marketshare of 96% should
           | not necessarily stop you from designing your business around
           | linux.
        
             | icelancer wrote:
             | Sure they are. Propose an EU or non-Chinese Asian
             | alternative to AWS that is, say, 80% as
             | efficient/effective. If that's not possible, then choosing
             | AWS for your startup/scaling business is not the stupidest
             | move you can make, assuming AWS fits your use case.
             | 
             | "MS Windows having a marketshare of 96% should not
             | necessarily stop you from designing your business around
             | linux"
             | 
             | But Windows doesn't have this kind of marketshare in most
             | areas going forward? The #1 OS used worldwide is AndroidOS
             | and no one is clamoring to write for it as far as I can
             | tell.
        
               | jojobas wrote:
               | Microsoft can't ban you from using Windows or developing
               | software that runs under it.
               | 
               | Amazon can sure kick your company off its services.
               | 
               | For many startups AWS is a no-brainer, which makes life
               | somewhat harder for anyone who wants to deal with Iran
               | from EU (as long as EU allows it) and not be shut down on
               | a US three-letter agency's request.
        
               | sjogress wrote:
               | At this point it is kinda an open question whether using
               | AWS/Azure/GCP for anything involving PII is even fully
               | legal under EU/EFTA law. I know at least my employer is
               | working towards having more options to jump ship at a
               | moments notice these days.
               | 
               | I think EU/EFTA is large enough to enable the growth of
               | at least one 80% offering given enough time. Or otherwise
               | large enough as an economic bloc to force America to
               | stricter legalisation so that they can use and depend on
               | the American offerings.
        
               | tpoacher wrote:
               | I think you're missing the point. It's less a question of
               | "can you find an alternative that is at least 80% as
               | efficient", and more a question of "is this 20% bump in
               | efficiency worth the liability risk".
               | 
               | Your opinion is 'yes'. OP's opinion is 'no'.
               | 
               | Both are valid opinions and highly depend on the nature
               | of your business.
               | 
               | But, OP's somewhat un-american sentiment aside (which I
               | believe is mostly what you're reacting to, rather than
               | the general nature of their argument), I agree that
               | erring on the side of caution and minimizing external
               | liabilities should be on the top of the agenda for any
               | company.
               | 
               | And this is aside from the whole "support local
               | infrastructure and don't empower monopolies further"
               | argument.
        
               | fennecfoxen wrote:
               | Maximizing the risk-adjusted returns on the business is
               | the top of the agenda. Sometimes this means shedding
               | risk, particularly at well established companies;
               | sometimes this means embracing it, particularly at
               | younger ones. If you don't have revenue yet there's
               | little need to protect it.
        
               | EdwinLarkin wrote:
               | I am not anti-american or anything like that.I even
               | acknowledge american dominance in Tech and better
               | conditions for skilled workers (read much higher
               | salaries).
               | 
               | That said as a european I have to consider my interests
               | and interests of my business.
        
           | literallycancer wrote:
           | There are often subsidiaries that offer the same services,
           | except everything is done in the EU, data storage, support,
           | etc. Of course the US still has access because of compromised
           | infra, but at least it's illegal now.
        
           | fnord123 wrote:
           | >Until then, no one is going to flock to Hetzner over AWS.
           | 
           | You don't need the market to flock to Hetzner or OVH to use
           | it yourself and avoid US sanctions.
        
           | jojobas wrote:
           | You can use many of the products from the companies in the
           | list (i.e. SAP, Adobe or Oracle) without risking all your
           | data in a Kafkaesque ploy of sorts.
           | 
           | If you keep everything your business is at Amazon you better
           | be prepared to Amazon booting you.
        
           | bildung wrote:
           | While the US sure is dominant, there are dozens of software
           | companies larger than those in that list, e.g. Zoho has about
           | $5B revenue, Baidu $11B, Tencent $23B, Accenture $41B, ...
           | 
           | The list employs some particular filters (e.g. SaaS seems to
           | be excluded) and heavily emphasizes market cap over revenue.
        
             | namdnay wrote:
             | I wouldn't consider Accenture a large software company.
             | They do a lot of software "consultancy" (ie bodyshopping),
             | but the nature of the consulting game plus their
             | decentralized architecture (I've worked with Accenture, and
             | the relationship between their different offices seems to
             | be closer to co-franchisees than colleagues) means I
             | wouldn't consider it a "big software company" (as in lots
             | of people working on the same system/architecture
        
               | mdoms wrote:
               | Yup they're not a big software company if you arbitrarily
               | constrain the definition of software company.
               | 
               | I could argue Google is not a big software company (as in
               | lots of people working with mismatching socks and
               | propeller hats).
               | 
               | But that would be just as stupid.
        
               | namdnay wrote:
               | What I mean is that the overwhelming majority of
               | Accenture (or TCS, or Deloitte, or IBM Consulting, or
               | Infosys, or any other bodyshop) employees aren't building
               | software for Accenture, they're being hired out. So
               | that's why I don't consider Accenture a "software"
               | company
               | 
               | Would you consider Randstad to be a building company?
               | They loan out hundreds of thousands of building
               | contractors across the world
        
               | icelancer wrote:
               | It doesn't matter anyway. Accenture is also an American
               | company despite being incorporated in Ireland.
        
             | icelancer wrote:
             | Baidu and Tencent are in China, hence why they were
             | excluded from the discussion (since the poster specifically
             | said US/China can't be trusted).
             | 
             | Accenture is American-Irish and listed on the NYSE. Subject
             | to US jurisdiction from a national, not global level.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | madsbuch wrote:
           | I think you are conflating marked share with quality of
           | offering.
           | 
           | Indeed there are viable local options for many of these
           | things. Heck, the reason why European companies have so
           | little relative marked share, is because they serve smaller,
           | domestic, markets.
           | 
           | A Danish webshop provider probably has a better offering for
           | a webshop for servicing the Danish market. It probably has
           | better support for Danish accounting, better locale support
           | etc.
        
             | MattGaiser wrote:
             | Do Danes have unique server needs compared to the rest of
             | the world?
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | That's an issue for the webshop service provider ;)
        
               | harperlee wrote:
               | Don't strawman the parent post, they have already
               | generalized US service dependency beyond OP, and there
               | are already examples of local needs above:
               | 
               | > It probably has better support for Danish accounting,
               | better locale support
        
               | tdy721 wrote:
               | Yes, they speak Danish.
        
               | cutemonster wrote:
               | And Danish laws and Danish accounting systems and Danish
               | gov agencies to maybe integrate with, etc
               | 
               | (Maybe more relevant for SaaS than servers though)
        
         | traveler01 wrote:
         | I gotta agree with you. I understand GitHub doing that, they
         | fear repercussions (remember that Huawei employee being
         | arrested?). But, these things are too serious for a company to
         | ignore.
         | 
         | Chinese and USA services should be avoided...
        
           | drstewart wrote:
           | I assume this will be your last post on HN then...
        
         | MaxHoppersGhost wrote:
         | - Sent from my iPhone
         | 
         | Ok buddy. Good luck with China and not using American software.
        
         | bitzl wrote:
         | What do you suggest to use instead of GitHub?
        
       | factorialboy wrote:
       | So many dimensions come to play here.
       | 
       | 1. There's the obvious legal aspect i.e. how these laws are
       | framed and interpreted.
       | 
       | 2. Then there's the geopolitical aspect. Is it fair to impose
       | sanctions on Iran.
       | 
       | 3. There's another aspect around GitHub policy that asks if an
       | entire organization be banned for the location of one team
       | member.
       | 
       | 4. Finally, there's the aspect of relinquishing control. Your app
       | development is on the cloud. IDEs are on the cloud. Deployments
       | are on the cloud. App stores are on the cloud.
       | 
       | You have relinquished so much control, why be surprised if that
       | stares you back in the face?
       | 
       | Ironically, Git is a decentralized version control system.
        
         | burade wrote:
         | >2. Then there's the geopolitical aspect. Is it fair to impose
         | sanctions on Iran.
         | 
         | Yeah. Nobody else should be allowed to have nukes, or else the
         | U.S. is gonna take his ball and go home.
        
           | coredog64 wrote:
           | Iran is a signatory to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
           | According to the treaty, they agreed to not pursue nuclear
           | weapons and to allow IAEA oversight.
           | 
           | Making it difficult for the IAEA to provide oversight is
           | enough of a treaty violation, and that goes double when there
           | is credible evidence that unauthorized enrichment was
           | occurring.
        
             | literallycancer wrote:
             | Why do non-US companies care about US foreign policy goals?
             | EU companies can benefit from doing business with Iran, on
             | the other hand using US based SaaS only makes them hostages
             | of the US government and provides zero additional benefit.
             | It would seem that using US based SaaS is simply bad risk
             | management on the buyer's part.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | The EU (and the UN) has had on-and-off sanctions against
               | Iran for decades as well.
               | 
               | Are any EU countries still dependant on Iranian oil
               | supplies?
        
         | rapnie wrote:
         | > Ironically, Git is a decentralized version control system.
         | 
         | But git and github are not the same, as the latter contains a
         | lot more extras in terms of functionality.
         | 
         | There are good github alternatives, like https://gitea.io
         | 
         | And if you then talk decentralized version of that, ForgeFed
         | comes into picture. See https://forgefed.peers.community
         | 
         | As it happens there's a recent interest to evaluate that for
         | implementation in Gitea (and maybe funded by NGI0):
         | 
         | https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/14186
        
           | tamentis wrote:
           | We all know that, but we both know most Git repositories out
           | there are probably on Github.
        
         | whack wrote:
         | > _You have relinquished so much control, why be surprised if
         | that stares you back in the face?_
         | 
         | We live in a market-based economy with highly specialized
         | division of labor. The idea of "keeping control" of all our
         | necessities and dependencies, is an archaic one. The system
         | generally works, because we create sensible laws that foster
         | trust, vet for partners who are trustworthy, and name-and-shame
         | entities that violate our trust.
         | 
         | If you're a behemoth the size of FANG or a nation-state, maybe
         | it is worth the effort needed to insulate yourself against
         | these black-swan scenarios. But for a startup or small-medium-
         | business that no one has heard of? That just sounds like bad
         | prioritization.
         | 
         | All of which is to say... we should absolutely be surprised
         | when a vendor like GitHub blocks an entire company because of
         | an employee logging in from Iran while on travel. And this
         | surprise, and the resulting name-and-shame, is what keeps the
         | wheels of our economy turning.
        
           | oytis wrote:
           | Spinning up your own git server is not a huge effort though
           | even for a startup.
           | 
           | As to what is archaic - I believe a point can be made that
           | the division of labor thing can suit poorly our brave new
           | cloud software world. You can't just buy things (or software)
           | from others, and completely own them. If you are outsourcing
           | some part of your business to others, you also lose a lot of
           | sovereignty that is crucial to stay flexible and move fast.
           | Apart from the fact that all these solutions are bundled with
           | analytics that will play against you as soon as your supplier
           | wants to become your competitor. And as I said before,
           | staying in control is actually not that hard as soon as you
           | know what you are doing, and can be a huge competitive
           | advantage.
        
             | ogre_codes wrote:
             | > Spinning up your own git server is not a huge effort
             | though even for a startup.
             | 
             | At a previous job we self hosted Git and it worked fairly
             | well. At my current job we use GitHub and while we could
             | migrate away, it would hurt.
             | 
             | Personally, I think GitHub's value is more about the fact
             | that it integrates so well with so many other services.
             | Without GitHub we would lose:
             | 
             | - Most of our PR/ Code Review flow
             | 
             | - Integration with Pivotal (our ticketing/ story system)
             | 
             | - Integration with our Travis server for CI
             | 
             | - Integration with our hosting service for automated
             | deployment.
             | 
             | All of this stuff can be done independent of GitHub, but
             | most of it takes a lot of time and effort you could be
             | spent delivering the product you are trying to ship. You
             | also lose a lot of flexibility.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | I think it's the opposite. When you're FANG or a nation state
           | preparedness doesn't matter. You have strings to pull to get
           | fair treatment.
           | 
           | If you're a small guy you get screwed and have no practical
           | means of recourse. The little people are the ones who need to
           | care about this kind of stuff.
        
           | Dirlewanger wrote:
           | Don't be surprised when the "name-and-shame" doesn't work
           | anymore.
        
             | darod wrote:
             | So true. It already doesn't work in politics. Only a matter
             | of time till it's the same with big companies
        
           | Erlich_Bachman wrote:
           | There is plenty of solutions that are keeping the data in-
           | house. Or allow for easy exporting/importing (github is not
           | too bad in this regard though). None of these solutions go
           | against the "highly specialized division of labor". This is a
           | question about what kind of solutions we build, not how labor
           | is divided or not.
        
             | dj_mc_merlin wrote:
             | None of those solutions are as plug-and-play as hosted
             | GitHub/GitLab, nor without maintenance costs. Those add up
             | to quite a bit of money too, usually making hosted the more
             | cost effective option. Although this can happen, the truth
             | is 99% of the time it doesn't, so most companies continue
             | to use hosted solutions as it is far more likely they go
             | bankrupt due to poor business rather than US embargos.
        
           | hospadar wrote:
           | I very much agree - the likelihood that your business will
           | die because it just isn't great at selling stuff seems much
           | greater than the likelihood that it will die because you get
           | really unlucky with a service provider.
           | 
           | THAT SAID, it seems worth it for even a really tiny company
           | to spend a half hour thinking about "what would I do if
           | github (or AWS or google or the app store or whatever) cut me
           | off?"
           | 
           | Probably in a lot of cases the answer is "call them and beg
           | forgiveness" (i.e. if it's AWS), but for something like
           | github it seems like "switch to gitlab" (or "deploy git
           | server" or anything else) is a pretty easy move.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | pmontra wrote:
           | A customer of mine use GitHub, Travis and Slack.
           | 
           | If GitHub is offline we can still setup a git server
           | somewhere. I could offer my own for a quick startup. Mailing
           | patches to each other, Linux kernel style, is not a viable
           | backup plan. The cultural gap is too wide.
           | 
           | If Travis is down we can run tests locally.
           | 
           | We build the deployment artifact on one of our servers. If
           | that one is down probably our production server is down too.
           | 
           | If Slack is down, ah, I was on vacation yesterday. I guess
           | the fastest backup for us would be WhatsApp Web.
        
             | u801e wrote:
             | When we ran services like this in-house, I don't really
             | recall a time where any of them failed. Now that we have a
             | 3rd party run those services, it's easy to recall multiple
             | instances where one or more of them were down for some
             | reason.
        
         | INTPenis wrote:
         | Yes it is in the cloud but if you use Gitlab you're suddenly
         | compatible with hosting your own Gitlab. If you use Github
         | you're not. Unless you pay tons of money for Github Enterprise.
         | 
         | So there are Cloud services that make more sense to use in the
         | long run, in this case Gitlab is one of them.
        
         | jankotek wrote:
         | Hell no!
         | 
         | In this case Github is just unreliable piece of infrastructure.
         | My phone provider bans me for receiving phone call from wrong
         | country? Nice joke.
        
         | dspillett wrote:
         | _> Ironically, Git is a decentralized version control system._
         | 
         | GitHub is simultaneously not the be-all-and-end-all of Git[1]
         | and more than Git[2].
         | 
         | If they have good backups of everything (if not they should
         | consider this a beating with the ol' clue stick (I'm assuming
         | _everything_ on github can be backed up away from it?)) this
         | should only be a bump in the road, though a considerably
         | inconvenient bump as there is nothing they can just restore to
         | and move on using without a pile of changes and /or admin work.
         | 
         | [1] pick a new location for the "source of truth" repo for your
         | team, push everything to that, and you're golden again
         | 
         | [2] all the bits wrapped around it are available elsewhere, but
         | not necessarily in a convenient ready-made integrated manner[3]
         | 
         | [3] there is GitLab of course, not a direct 1-1 feature mapping
         | in either direction but close enough for many, I'm told
         | performance is more of an issue but you can always self-host if
         | controlling that is worth the extra admin to you
        
           | dkersten wrote:
           | > pick a new location for the "source of truth" repo for your
           | team, push everything to that, and you're golden again
           | 
           | Its also pretty easy to mirror your repo to other remotes.
           | I've had projects that were in Gitlab, Github and Sourcehut
           | at the same time. Sure, depending on how you sync them, there
           | may be some steps (eg getting people to push their local
           | branches to another remote) when your main one becomes
           | inaccessible, but overall its really easy to work across
           | multiple remotes. Its something git was designed for, after
           | all.
        
         | cies wrote:
         | > Ironically, Git is a decentralized version control system.
         | 
         | And Git is open source.
         | 
         | Github is a US-registered company under MS. The US has a
         | history of weaponizing its economic power.
         | 
         | Stallman (RMS) was right once again.
        
           | x3c wrote:
           | This particular case was overreach by Github and not the US
           | Lawmakers.
           | 
           | https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-
           | sanctions/...                 118. I have a client that is in
           | Iran to visit a relative. Do I need to restrict the account?
           | A: No. As long as you are satisfied that the client is not
           | ordinarily resident in Iran, then the account does not need
           | to be restricted. See FAQ 37.
           | 
           | Source:
           | https://twitter.com/Hamed/status/1346433510786138114/photo/1
        
             | fennecfoxen wrote:
             | It may be overreach by GitHub, but given the severity of
             | the sanctions lawmakers have set for if they happen to get
             | it wrong, I'd like to at least blame lawmakers for creating
             | such a risky situation.
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | I work with sanctions. I think both can be easily blamed.
               | Similarly to DMCA notices, most companies opt to for the
               | path of least resistance ( it is cheaper to blanket ban
               | than to investigate ). Yes, politicians are to blame for
               | creating the environment, but companies deserve flak for
               | taking the path that is bad for the customer ( unless
               | they are sufficiently well-heeled ).
               | 
               | My thoughts are my own. I do not represent anyone other
               | than myself.
        
               | siruncledrew wrote:
               | Cases like this are an example of a company trying to
               | cover their ass leads to a customer getting kicked in the
               | ass.
               | 
               | Sanctions, compliance, etc. is a messy ordeal to manage
               | (both technically and operationally), and the ways laws
               | are written with so many intricacies and dependencies
               | doesn't make it easier.
               | 
               | Because only 1 instance of violation could lead to fines
               | equivalent to a person's salary, often the systems are
               | made to be overly sensitive and less investigative to
               | figure out whether a 'hit' is actually a false-positive
               | because that also takes time/money and still carries
               | potential risk.
        
               | fennecfoxen wrote:
               | So look at (one one hand) a customer worth... well,
               | PureLabs is "10 incredible FTEs," let's give them the
               | $21/user/mo Enterprise plan at $210/month in revenue.
               | 
               | On the other hand, a sanctions violation could be a
               | $65,000 fine (Trading with the Enemy Act) or $250,000
               | (International Emergency Economic Powers Act) for each
               | offense. (I leave aside the million-dollar narcotics-
               | kingpin act). On top of this we also see the risk of
               | criminal prosecution.
               | 
               | In what world is it reasonable to expect anyone to take
               | this chance?
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | It is hard to discuss hypothetical violations so I won't
               | do that. It absolutely is a safe course of action to do a
               | blanket ban. That said, is it reasonable to assume
               | violation based on IP address ( and that is what seems to
               | have happened here )? Banks don't automatically
               | (typically ) block MUHAMMAD JIHAD even if they may end up
               | questioning it.
        
               | harperlee wrote:
               | That's because the combined business of all Muhammads and
               | their employers is way more than 210$/month AND it would
               | be illegal, and Bad PR(tm), to ban them from your
               | business based just on their culture/name. Otherwise they
               | would have been "derisked" out of service.
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | You have a point ( and Mnuchin to his credit ,based on
               | reports, does care about regulatory burden and its impact
               | ). So you are right, one is not like the other. To
               | address your point directly, if OFAC tomorrow added
               | MOHAMMAD JIHAD with no other information ( no DOB, no
               | address, and so on ), you would be surprised how quickly
               | the banks would respond.
               | 
               | Now note that that we are discussing a name, a commmon,
               | but somewhat reliable, if mutable, driver of our
               | identity. Now compare it to IP address and tell me, which
               | one is a better predictor of who you are.
               | 
               | Unless, we are assuming IP is a proxy for location, which
               | is another story.
        
               | harperlee wrote:
               | Banks typically would react overnight to OFAC list
               | updates, through a sanctions list service.
               | 
               | If no DOB or similar is also provided, though, scoring
               | should not be too high - and if a match with Mohammad is
               | enough to trigger an alert, the overnight alert delta
               | would be either manually processed by Compliance, or bulk
               | closed as false positives, depending on how much time you
               | need to unblock the clients and similar risk
               | considerations.
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
               | I am not sure if you realize it, but you are proving my
               | point. Banks found a way to address the issue without
               | adversely affecting the customers. Github appears to have
               | only recently started to do the same, but they opted for
               | a blanket approach as opposed to a more targeted one.
        
               | harperlee wrote:
               | Sure, I'm just not trying to disprove you, I argued
               | similarly in other threads.
        
               | slaymaker1907 wrote:
               | They do actually flag payments if you put the word Isis
               | or something in the memo.
        
               | lawnchair_larry wrote:
               | Do you have a story about this?
        
               | zinekeller wrote:
               | Not parent and not about terrorism directly, but
               | Tardigrade Ltd. was sanctioned in US (because it is an
               | arms dealer without licence in US) causing all
               | "Tardigrade" payments blocked (even innocuous ones):
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24450828
        
               | saagarjha wrote:
               | > It absolutely is a safe course of action to do a
               | blanket ban.
               | 
               | Except when you make a mistake and ruin someone's
               | morning.
        
               | rurban wrote:
               | I would blame the automatic sanctioning software
               | triggering such as situation, without checking if the new
               | access from Iran was by a tourist or citizen. Adding an
               | org block for minor access within two weeks is overreach.
        
               | inlined wrote:
               | I'm unaware of a library that checks citizenship of the
               | user behind an IP address.
        
               | harperlee wrote:
               | This kind of software is not simply installed with an
               | apt-get one-liner, github can't be exempted from choosing
               | their business rules on screening matches.
        
             | raziel2p wrote:
             | If you read this literally, you could get away with leaking
             | state secrets as long as you're visiting a relative while
             | doing it.
             | 
             | Github cannot be expected to reliably differentiate between
             | the coworker who just checked the status of a PR on a
             | webapp versus the employee who opened a crucial piece of
             | encryption code to leak it to the Iranian military or
             | whatever.
        
               | Siira wrote:
               | Spies can send information from anywhere in the world to
               | anywhere else, so I don't see how they being in a
               | specific location at all matters.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | This is an economic sanction against Iran; it has nothing
               | to do with state, or corporate, secrets.
        
               | hoppla wrote:
               | I do not see why a geoip filter do not suffice. GitHub
               | should not be the one to interpret the whole complex
               | picture.
        
               | koheripbal wrote:
               | The above is not law. The law is more detailed. This is a
               | FAQ that should be interpreted in a reasonable fashion,
               | not with an extreme use-case.
        
               | x86_64Ubuntu wrote:
               | If that's the case, then the problem isn't Github, but of
               | the organization having Iranian intelligence assets on
               | staff. And the whole idea of the government regulating
               | encryption and it being weaponized is overdone.
        
               | saagarjha wrote:
               | A spy could also just clone the repo and travel to Iran,
               | too.
        
             | sparkling wrote:
             | The problem starts with how to even identify if someone is
             | physically in Iran. Making that asumption based on the IP
             | address is highly questionable.
        
               | ABeeSea wrote:
               | You think a lot of people are proxyjng their traffic
               | through an Iranian IP address?
        
             | amadeuspagel wrote:
             | The law has a chilling effect on companies, that drives
             | them to do things like this. If a company does something,
             | that they clearly would not have done without a law, it's
             | the fault of the law, even if that law didn't specifically
             | require it, in fact even if that law specifically exempts
             | it.
        
             | x3c wrote:
             | Since I can't edit the comment, I want to paste this here
             | so readers are informed about the extra mile Github
             | travelled as well.                 Advancing developer
             | freedom: GitHub is fully available in Iran
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25648585
        
             | antihero wrote:
             | Thing is, GitHub is a tool that facilitates distribution of
             | IP. So if someone is logging into GitHub in Iran, whether
             | they live there or not, they can use it to "export" code.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | Which is kind of irrelevant---preventing the export of
               | code is not the issue. This is an economic sanction
               | against Iran by preventing companies from doing business
               | there.
        
           | fibers wrote:
           | I'm not a pro dev by any means but what is stopping orgs from
           | simply self hosting such a thing? Git is merely version
           | control which supposedly does not take a lot of resources so
           | you can go ahead and buy a dedicated server and host it in
           | your office. Is the question more so about expanded services
           | like CI/CD that may take up more computational resources to
           | continuously build binaries and other deliverables?
        
             | tetha wrote:
             | Self-Hosting is a similar tradeoff to running your own
             | hardware, imo. You can increase control and overall cost
             | effectiveness for additional scaling, but these choices
             | have a certain base cost you can't reduce. Thus, they only
             | work beyond a certain initial scale, or because you have
             | some specialized requirements.
             | 
             | For example, the source code as well as the tickets around
             | a software tend to be the most critical assets of a
             | company. As such, you need one or better 2 systems to host
             | the source host and ticketing. However, such a system needs
             | backups, so suddenly you need to maintain a backup
             | solution, you need to implement and monitor the backups
             | being created, you need restore tests. You end up needing
             | some kind of monitoring as well. As well as 2-3 dudes at
             | least part-time maintaining all of this capable of
             | replacing each other during sickness and vacation.
             | 
             | That's a lot of stuff as well as a lot of manpower as your
             | base cost. Of course, once you have that, you can self-host
             | a lot of things easily and maintain excellent uptime at
             | minimal risk, because these base services scale very well
             | in complexity. For us it makes sense to do this, because
             | unplanned outages at 100+ developers are seriously
             | expensive and risky.
             | 
             | However, if you have 3 developers and a clock ticking to
             | find product market fit, you don't have that budget - or
             | spending it this way does not make sense. So you buy.
        
             | sjagoe wrote:
             | I would say it's less about the compute resources, and more
             | about possibly needing a team dedicated to maintaining
             | quite a lot of infrastructure to replace the features that
             | GitHub has, which is far more extensive than just git
             | hosting.
        
               | wolco2 wrote:
               | If you have developers that can use git they can setup
               | and maintain a local git or source control.
               | 
               | If no one in your company can do that.. hire or
               | outsource.
        
               | turbinerneiter wrote:
               | GitLab, Gitea or others provide most, if not all, and in
               | some cases even more features than GitHub. Theiy are
               | fully or partially Open Source and they are easy to host.
               | 
               | You need to compare the cost of self-hosting to the cost
               | of SaaS - INCLUDING the risk of getting locked out.
               | 
               | One downside of the SaaS model is that you are just a
               | very small customer in the bigger scheme and they can't
               | really justify spending money on servicing you. Let's say
               | you are company of 5 people, paying 50 bucks a month for
               | a service - how many hours per year can they spend on
               | servicing you before you become a net-negative account?
               | You much power do you have in a negotiation if you are a
               | net-negative account?
        
               | vinay427 wrote:
               | > Let's say you are company of 5 people, paying 50 bucks
               | a month for a service - how many hours per year can they
               | spend on servicing you before you become a net-negative
               | account?
               | 
               | It probably isn't sustainable for a business to only
               | consider this aspect. One thing that comes to mind with
               | companies that thrive with a large number of small
               | non-B2B customers, who individually don't tend to have
               | much power, is that they understand that people love to
               | talk about customer service when it's bad, and
               | occasionally when it's very good as well. Word spreads,
               | and nearly everyone places at least a little weight on
               | this public perception of kindness or flexibility with
               | customers especially when it isn't in the immediate
               | financial interest of the company to do so.
        
               | kavalg wrote:
               | WRT self hosting, GitLab could be painful, but Gitea is
               | really easy to host and keep up to date.
        
               | risyachka wrote:
               | I've been self-hosting gitlab for few years now in my
               | company and never had a problem.
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | You should clone your environment and then inject faults
               | into the clone to cause yourself some simulated problems.
        
               | chillfox wrote:
               | Maintaining a self hosted solution like GilLab takes less
               | than a day of work a year, and it has more features than
               | GitHub.
               | 
               | (I have been doing it for years)
        
             | Xylakant wrote:
             | The compute part is the least of your worries, even
             | installing the software is usually not your primary concern
             | - everything is fine as long as you're on the happy path.
             | 
             | Software needs to maintained, patched, backed up, verified
             | etc. It has bugs, security issues, hardware breaks in weird
             | ways. This takes time and skill - ideally you'd need two or
             | three people that are capable of fixing problems with the
             | install. (one ill, one on vacation, one available). This is
             | something that detracts from the actual work you're doing.
             | I'm very much an ops person and I actually like tinkering
             | with a gitlab install - it's just so many moving parts that
             | I prefer not to run this for my company since it would eat
             | a substantial chunk of my time just caring for this.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | The bottom line is that it is cheaper to use GitHub and
               | live with the external risks than to maintain internal
               | services or live without them.
               | 
               | I note that the Linux kernel lived with bare Git for many
               | years.
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | At least for small to medium organizations without
               | specific reasons for self-hosting. Once you have a team
               | that manages internal infrastructure, this calculus can
               | change.
               | 
               | The Linux kernel is a very specific case with a very
               | specific development model that likely doesn't apply to
               | most other projects.
        
           | throwaway4good wrote:
           | But Github is reason why git is popular ...
        
             | jhasse wrote:
             | I doubt it.
        
               | richardwhiuk wrote:
               | There's definitely an argument that GitHub is one of the
               | primary reasons that Git beat Mercurial.
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | Yep!
               | 
               | "One click" fork + "one click" pull request are its
               | killer features.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | dkersten wrote:
               | Anecdotally, I started using git because of projects on
               | Github I wanted to contribute to. A number of others I
               | know where in a similar boat. Before that, we used
               | subversion, bazaar or mercurial. I personally am happy
               | with having been pushed to using git and if it was
               | winning anyway (not clear) I'm sure I would have
               | eventually ended there anyway, but GitHub is the reason I
               | started using it when I did.
        
             | owlmirror wrote:
             | Github sure contributed to the popularity, but I remeber
             | distinctly as Git came out and how it took off like rocket.
             | Git was a "killer app" from it's day of inception and
             | everyone I knew switched their source control to it in late
             | 2005 early 2006. It was a game changer to say the least.
             | Github jumped on a already rolling bandwagon and left me
             | ans many people I knew wondering why the hell you would
             | need to host your projects there. (I am still a little bit
             | puzzled but came to accept it as useful)
        
               | throwaway4good wrote:
               | Github fixes the problem that most users have with git
               | (but are ashamed / too ignorant to admit): That it is de-
               | centralized.
        
               | Pet_Ant wrote:
               | > Github fixes the problem that most users have with git
               | (but are ashamed / too ignorant to admit): That it is de-
               | centralized.
               | 
               | Git is designed for an environment where there are
               | multiple canonical trunks. RedHats kernel is equally a
               | master as SuSe's. So you are maintaining various tips in
               | a semi-synchronized manner. In most projects there is a
               | single repository branch that is the true branch (with
               | perhaps a few tags for LTR) that represents the project.
               | For that reason a lot of Git's mechanisms are unneeded
               | complexity.
               | 
               | The killer features of Git is GitHub, and to a lesser
               | degree local commits (after all, Mercurial has that too).
        
           | elmo2you wrote:
           | I would go quite a step further than that. If this was not an
           | unfortunate incident/mistake, then GitHub/Microsoft has
           | become quite the active enforcer of US (legal) foreign
           | policy.
           | 
           | If they do that within the US market, that might be
           | justifiable. But in this particular case, GitHub appears to
           | enforce US foreign policy on what appears to be a company on
           | the EU market. Also in what to me appears to be a rather
           | ruthless, totalitarian, maybe even draconian way.
           | 
           | I'm pretty certain that absent this US law within the EU
           | market, this action is arbitrarily discriminatory, and very
           | likely constitutes inflicting serious damage on another
           | company without a legal basis (within the US, yes .. outside
           | the US, no).
           | 
           | GitHub may find itself stuck, between adhering to US laws and
           | laws elsewhere (in this case EU, but China is probably a good
           | example too). Still, is ultimately is a choice for GitHub to
           | offer their products on multiple markets. If they have issues
           | with that, they are free to exit a particular market. It
           | certainly is never a valid excuse to start violating law in
           | any market outside whatever country your headquarter might be
           | located.
           | 
           | Tangentially, this rather typical popular belief that US
           | companies can simply absolve themselves from legal liability,
           | just by crafting clever TOS/EULA that supposedly does just
           | that, has always confused to me. It was always my
           | understanding that you can not create contracts that violate
           | laws. In most countries with a somewhat sane state of law,
           | governments really do not like or tolerate when companies
           | start essentially making their own law in parallel. But
           | apparently you can rewrite (even basic) law in the USA, as
           | long as you can somehow get both parties to agree on it. Be
           | that by free will or coercion.
           | 
           | Maybe it's time, for other parts of the world to no longer
           | put up with this kind of bullshit, and demand that US
           | companies actually adhere to the laws (and legal protections)
           | that exist within their markets, or be free to buzz off and
           | only operate on the US market alone.
           | 
           | With US foreign policy becoming increasingly self-serving,
           | legally dubious, and in some case downright insane, having
           | internationally operating companies enforcing those policies
           | is becoming a seriously risky proposition for anyone outside
           | the USA.
        
             | michaelt wrote:
             | _> But in this particular case, GitHub appears to enforce
             | US foreign policy on what appears to be a company on the EU
             | market._
             | 
             | Surely enforcing your politics outside of your jurisdiction
             | is the whole point of an embargo?
        
               | elmo2you wrote:
               | As a government, yes. As a commercial company, operating
               | on a market outside of US jurisdiction, please explain me
               | the legal basis for that (if you can).
        
               | JamesBarney wrote:
               | The legal basis is they are using a U.S. company (GitHub)
               | that has to has to follow U.S. laws. And that makes
               | certain things inconvenient for them.
        
               | gnopgnip wrote:
               | Github is not outside US jurisdiction, and is required to
               | enforce these laws even if the client is in Europe. They
               | could be sanctioned by OFAC if they don't
        
               | scott_s wrote:
               | The government where the commercial company is based
               | expects the company to do so, and will hold that company
               | accountable if they do not.
               | 
               | You may not agree with this situation, but it is how it
               | works. The US government will investigate and penalize
               | companies that violate US sanctions, even if the parts of
               | those companies involved did so entirely outside of the
               | US.
        
               | delfinom wrote:
               | Yep, the current US administration is somewhat to blame
               | on the shift. It has always been a requirement, it's just
               | that the government up until this admin mostly didn't
               | care to enforce it. It's pretty obvious a number of
               | companies got threatening letters to comply or face jail
               | time.
        
               | scott_s wrote:
               | When I did some googling, I found an article from 2012
               | about sanctions enforcement
               | (https://www.itproportal.com/2012/10/26/ibm-questioned-
               | over-a...). I am unaware of new behavior regarding
               | sanctions _enforcement_ , although I know that the
               | current administration imposed additional sanctions. But
               | my understanding is that with existing sanctions, this is
               | what the US government has always done.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | The legal basis is that the US has a big stick, and so
               | all countries must follow us laws, or they'll nuke your
               | capital, rape your children, destroy all your
               | infrastructure, etc.
               | 
               | In this case, it's just leaving you to starve, so you're
               | pretty well off on the whole vs other things Americans
               | will do
        
               | scott00 wrote:
               | Are there European laws that prohibit discriminating
               | against people who live in Iran? Or that prohibit
               | discriminating against companies who employ people who
               | live in Iran? If not, the legal basis is that you can do
               | anything you want unless it's prohibited by law, and the
               | action in question isn't prohibited by law.
        
               | elmo2you wrote:
               | Yes, it actually is illegal to arbitrarily discriminate
               | people based on their ethnicity, political views or
               | nationality (unless there is a specific law that allows
               | that for a particular nationality, e.g. in case of a
               | legal embargo)
        
               | lawnchair_larry wrote:
               | They probably did not want to have their CEO nabbed by
               | police in the Vancouver airport for extradition on
               | sanctions violations. You might want to see what happened
               | with Huawei, who aren't even a US company.
        
               | lodovic wrote:
               | If Huawei wants to do business in the US economy, they
               | can do so but have to abide by the rules. They can also
               | choose to do business with Iran instead, but not both.
        
               | elmo2you wrote:
               | It appears that you are pretty much the only one who gets
               | it. At least from anyone who responded.
               | 
               | I find it rather shameful, that apparently everyone who
               | responded to my question, did so by explaining that a US
               | company has to abide by US law. You don't say!
               | 
               | That was never the question, but apparently even reading
               | is even too much to ask from people these days.
               | 
               | Of course US companies have to follow US laws. But if
               | that conflicts with law in wherever their services are
               | offered, they no longer have any business operating
               | there. They should consequently stop offering their
               | services in that territory.
               | 
               | Since that's unlikely going to happen on their own
               | initiative, maybe the EU should simply declare companies
               | like these as illegal on their market.
               | 
               | Actually, that might even help to finally get rid of the
               | stranglehold which many US have had for a long time on
               | any emerging potential competition from EU companies.
               | Something for which US companies have regularly used and
               | abused differences in law and economy (between the US and
               | EU), in order to obtain an (unfair) edge.
               | 
               | Maybe it's about time that comes to and end, so US
               | companies can prove that they can compete on equal
               | grounds. I personally doubt that, because for most of the
               | last century this competition has been dominated by the
               | US exploiting artificially created advantages.
               | 
               | Politics aside, it's rather sad that this aspect of
               | legality is even a discussion topic. It should be a no-
               | brainer that US companies should abide by whatever laws
               | exist on a foreign market they operate on (of course on
               | top of US law).
               | 
               | If they can't, the only (legal) option is to stop
               | operating. Either that, or the company is a criminally
               | operating organization. That is, the violations are
               | systemic and not just a few unintended incidences, of
               | course.
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | ..." , this action is arbitrarily discriminatory, and very
             | likely constitutes inflicting serious damage on another
             | company without a legal basis..."
             | 
             | Isn't that what YouTube and FaceBook do day in day out when
             | their influencers run afoul of policy?
        
               | elmo2you wrote:
               | Those other companies certainly do too, yes. Or at least
               | that is what I am convinced of. I would say that what I
               | wrote about GitHub should equally apply to these
               | companies too, or any company for that matter. Not just
               | US companies, but any company that operates
               | internationally.
        
               | vezycash wrote:
               | Add other Apple and Blizzard to the list.
        
               | gnopgnip wrote:
               | If a user runs afoul of policy, the action was not
               | arbitrarily discriminatory.
        
               | elmo2you wrote:
               | Policy set by whom?
               | 
               | That of a commercial company, which does not have a legal
               | mandate (at least not in the EU) to make make rules that
               | violate EU law (including legal protections), or the US
               | government, which does not have legal jurisdiction over
               | the EU market?
               | 
               | Pick your poison
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | What? Your position is that if it's policy and you
               | enforce policy then it's not discriminatory?
               | 
               | So if a policy or a law says X is disallowed or is
               | unlawful, ipso facto, X can only run afoul of those
               | bodies of governance and can't be discriminatory? That's
               | interesting!
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
             | "I would go quite a step further than that. If this was not
             | an unfortunate incident/mistake, then GitHub/Microsoft has
             | become quite the active enforcer of US (legal) foreign
             | policy."
             | 
             | I am not sure if most people realize this, but OFAC
             | compliance is rather rigid with no room for error ('strict
             | liability'). And US treasury enforces it hard. Recently,
             | Amazon got caught in its cross-hairs ( though it managed to
             | get away with a low fine relative to its size ).
             | 
             | I guess what I am saying, according to OFAC, everyone is
             | responsible for enforcing US foreign policy.
             | 
             | edit: Everyone as in US person, person on US soil or
             | someone using US dollar. I really should avoid
             | exaggeration.
        
               | elmo2you wrote:
               | There is no doubt about US companies having to follow US
               | law. But this is an internationally operating company,
               | which means it has to also follow whatever law might
               | apply to whatever market they operate on.
               | 
               | GitHub, as any other US company, has a choice/freedom to
               | stop offering services to customers outside the US
               | market, if the particulars of providing those services
               | causes them to violate laws in at least one of the
               | jurisdictions.
               | 
               | Of course, US companies should be rightfully pissed, if
               | the US government puts them in a situation where they can
               | not (legally) operate abroad. But that's something they
               | should take up with US lawmakers.
               | 
               | At the end of they day, they are still (most likely)
               | operating illegally on a foreign market, even if they are
               | unlikely ever to be substantially punished for that. The
               | thing is, the US has a rather questionable track record
               | of coming to the rescue, whenever a US companies get into
               | trouble for (illegally) doing business abroad.
               | Ironically, whenever another country does that (e.g.
               | China) the US immediately have a long list of choice
               | words an allegations at the ready. Long story short: pure
               | hypocrisy.
        
             | epc wrote:
             | Given the pressure by the EU and China on US companies to
             | enforce local laws globally (GDPR, RTBF, Taiwan), I don't
             | see how Github, operating in the US, as a US company, has
             | any chance absolving itself of enforcing US laws and
             | regulations (though in this specific case they appear to
             | have overreacted, likely due to regulatory enforcement via
             | algorithm and not common sense).
             | 
             | If you expect US companies to respect GDPR and cookie
             | banners and the right to be forgotten, globally; you cannot
             | be surprised that they will respect and enforce US law
             | globally as well.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | EU is not forcing American companies to enforce their
               | laws for third party companies operating on non-EU
               | market. Also, American company does not have to follow
               | GDPR for Iranian customers.
               | 
               | EU wants American companies to follow GDPR when acting in
               | EU market.
        
               | JamesBarney wrote:
               | I'm in the U.S. and I still have to click all those super
               | annoying "Accept using a cookie" popups everywhere. So
               | that EU law certainly does affect me a U.S. citizen
               | interacting with U.S. companies.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | That is because it is cheaper to show it to everybody.
               | Not because EU would demand it to be shown for Americans.
               | 
               | Also, law do not require it to be shown for all cookies.
               | Only for tracking ones.
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | To nitpick, while for non-EU companies GDPR applies to
               | individuals in EU (and their data) as per GDPR article
               | 3.2, any EU companies have to apply this for _all_
               | personal data as per GDPR article 3.1.
               | 
               | So while foreign companies can decide whether they want
               | to apply their GDPR policies (which generally should not
               | require "cookie banners", though it is a popular choice)
               | only to people in EU or all their users, an EU company
               | does not have a choice, they have the obligation to treat
               | personal data of Americans and Iranians and everyone else
               | in a GDPR-appropriate manner.
        
               | elmo2you wrote:
               | The only ones you have to blame for that, are the
               | companies to show you those annoying popups. They have no
               | obligation whatsoever to show that to anyone outside the
               | EU.
               | 
               | Start complaining to those companies and stop pointing
               | your finger in the wrong direction.
        
               | epc wrote:
               | Keep that in mind the next time you encounter a US based
               | newspaper that puts up a GDPR error page instead of
               | serving the news article you requested. The EU asserts it
               | can penalize a US based company a percentage of its
               | worldwide revenue (not EU derived revenue) for GDPR
               | violations.
               | 
               | I'm not saying it's right, I am saying that these are the
               | logical, practical responses to the way different
               | jurisdictions expect their laws and regulations to be
               | honored, respected, and applied.
        
               | elmo2you wrote:
               | I think you may have either misunderstood me, or maybe
               | have gotten the logic backwards.
               | 
               | I'm not saying that US companies should not enforce US
               | law. I think they should. That is: strictly within the US
               | market.
               | 
               | When they operate outside the US market, they have to
               | (also) adhere to whatever law exists for that market. If
               | that creates a conflict, the company has a choice to
               | either open up show elsewhere, outside of US jurisdiction
               | (if that's the only way to comply with local market
               | rules), or stay in the US and leave the foreign market
               | alone.
               | 
               | Either way, being a US company should never be a valid
               | excuse to violate laws (and/or legal protections)
               | somewhere abroad.
               | 
               | It ultimately is up to a company to choose what they do
               | and where they do it. To me, the current status quo
               | appears to be that many US companies have been
               | (illegally) enforcing US laws outside of US jurisdiction.
               | Aside from that, and maybe even on a far worse level,
               | they have been essentially been making up de facto
               | "private laws", in their TOP/EULA "contracts".
               | 
               | Last time I checked, law should be left to governments.
               | Preferable through democratic due process. Certainly not
               | to commercial companies, who are either privately owned,
               | or publicly by a select few rather undemocratic entities.
        
               | epc wrote:
               | My shorter version: Precedent in the US is that the US
               | views its jurisdiction over US citizens and corporations
               | as global. If I as a US citizen step over the border to
               | your country and bribe an official of your country in
               | order to gain a commercial contract, I can (and probably,
               | though not definitely) will be prosecuted for breaking US
               | law, regardless of whether or not bribery is perfectly
               | legal in your country. Same for corporations: if the act
               | is prohibited in the US, the US Government generally does
               | not distinguish between whether the act occurred in the
               | US or not.
               | 
               | This is not new. The Internet exacerbates the potential
               | for conflicts, but it's not a new problem with the rise
               | of the Internet.
        
               | elmo2you wrote:
               | The US government should do whatever it sees fit for its
               | subjects. That's not the issue.
               | 
               | The issue is that a US company should also be held
               | accountable for whatever they violates abroad. Not by the
               | US government, of course. But by the authorities of
               | whatever foreign market they operate on (the only
               | authority with jurisdiction anyways).
               | 
               | While the tide is gradually changing, so far a
               | substantial part of the problem is that the US government
               | has quite a few nasty ways to shield US companies from
               | being seriously held accountable abroad. Still, the
               | longer that reality exists, the more inevitable it will
               | become that at some point US companies will simply be
               | barred altogether from (some) foreign markets. You can
               | only abuse a dominant position for so long, before the
               | receiving end will no longer put up with it. That is, of
               | course, when (or as soon as) they have the luxury of
               | choice in the matter.
        
               | epc wrote:
               | It's been my personal experience that the US government
               | does not distinguish between a US company offering
               | products and services in the US and a US company offering
               | those products and services outside the US. Even foreign
               | subsidiaries are held accountable to US laws and
               | regulations if the US parent has sufficient control of
               | the company.
               | 
               | Bigger companies get a little bit more leeway to
               | negotiate with the US Federal government on this but if
               | the US decides that something is illegal or prohibited,
               | the Justice Department doesn't really care what country
               | the prohibited activity occurred in, it'll walk the
               | executive chain to pick people to prosecute.
               | 
               | The only way a company could complete avoid this scenario
               | is if it licensed its product or service to an
               | independent entity outside the US. And even then the DOJ
               | would likely attempt to force the termination of the
               | license agreement if it results in a product or service
               | being offered in a prohibited jurisdiction.
               | 
               | None of this is new, or due to Trump, or even partisan.
        
               | elmo2you wrote:
               | You are correct, on each and every count. However, none
               | of that is related to what I tried to highlight.
               | 
               | Sure, the US is (rightfully so) subjecting every company
               | within its jurisdiction to US law, no matter on which
               | market they operate. Sometimes they go even further and
               | say non-US companies can be held liable, when they
               | somehow interact with the USA or its citizens. That can
               | sometimes become a bit dicey with jurisdictions, but even
               | that is not the point here.
               | 
               | The point is that a US-based company is operating on a
               | market outside the US and (most likely) is operating in a
               | way that is within the law of that market.
               | 
               | To put bluntly: I don't give a #### about how the US
               | treats companies on their territory, regardless where
               | those operate. I care about US-based companies abiding to
               | law wherever they do business. If they can not do that,
               | they should cease to operate there. Whether it's the US
               | government or something else that is to blame for the
               | situation is irrelevant.
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | "this action is arbitrarily discriminatory" - if so, this
             | action is permitted. While there often are restrictions on
             | _specific, enumerated_ types of discrimination (e.g.
             | religion, ethnicity, gender, etc - though almost
             | universally they apply to discrimination of people, not
             | companies), those are exceptions to the general principle
             | of  "freedom of association" where people and companies are
             | free to arbitrarily decide with whom they want to do
             | business and whom they want to exclude - as far as they
             | don't violate some of the specific restrictions listed in
             | law. If a supplier does not want to sell to your company
             | for an arbitrary reason, it's their right to do so.
             | 
             | "constitutes inflicting serious damage on another company
             | without a legal basis" - again, that does not indicate any
             | wrongdoing. Inflicting serious damage on another company
             | is, by default, permitted (matching the core principle of
             | "everything which is not forbidden is allowed") and is
             | regularly done in the course of normal competition, winning
             | over some other company in bids, recruiting key employees
             | by offering them lots of money, targeting their customers
             | with specific discounts, etc, etc.
             | 
             | If you're inflicting serious damage on another company,
             | then both the intent and result is by itself legal, the
             | only question is about the means. If you're inflicting
             | serious damage on another company _by legally prohibited
             | means_ (e.g. theft or arson or illegal access to computer
             | systems) or _violating_ some established legal duty (e.g.
             | "duty of care" as required by law in various service
             | relationships), _then_ the other company would be entitled
             | compensation. But in the absence of that, if there 's no
             | specific legal prohibition to your action (for example,
             | laws on anti-competitive actions tend to impose various
             | restrictions), if your action is legally permitted, then if
             | some company suffers because of that, it's not your
             | problem. There are restrictions on what actions are legally
             | permitted (law on tortious interference might apply here,
             | and if there's some fraud, injurious falsehood etc then it
             | matters) but if they do have the right to arbitrarily end
             | the contract, then that's it, they are not responsible for
             | the damages.
        
         | golemotron wrote:
         | #4 should be #1.
        
         | zoobab wrote:
         | So called "decentralized", and only one company has a copy?
         | 
         | "Decentralisation" of Git has been a running joke since the
         | beginning.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | 5. Github is bound to obey US law and international trade
         | agreements.
         | 
         | I think github is the last one at fault for this.
        
         | chrisandchris wrote:
         | So many reasons why I prefer on-prem over cloud for software
         | that is directly attached to the value-chsin of the business. I
         | wouldn't care if they cut me off of some backoffice app which
         | manages the snack bar. But as a software company, my code is
         | the heart of my company, so I would never give control of that
         | to a 3rd party.
        
         | amaajemyfren wrote:
         | Seems someone has responded to it.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/natfriedman/status/1346452935924846593
        
           | stevehawk wrote:
           | lol someone responded a week later and possibly only because
           | it made the front page on hacker news
        
             | harperlee wrote:
             | That "someone" is github's CEO.
             | 
             | It does not condone that it took an HN frontpage to react
             | to a massive issue from a client blocked due to either a
             | badly configured sanctions system, or a badly defined false
             | positive determination workflow, that could not be
             | expedited otherwise by the client, but... it's something I
             | guess.
             | 
             | Good luck having a 7-day response by your bank, who have
             | the legal obligation to not share with you why did they
             | block you, or having Google's CEO looking into your issue
             | aired in twitter.
        
             | 13of40 wrote:
             | Two things to consider: That guy is the corporate vice
             | president for developer services, so he probably had to run
             | that response by Legal before committing like that. Also
             | unless this is a really exceptional year, there probably
             | wasn't anyone "at work" at Microsoft last week except on-
             | call rotations.
        
       | pelasaco wrote:
       | I had similar issue visiting Crimea. I was simply looking through
       | my issues, while in holidays over there.
        
         | sparkling wrote:
         | How can one even reliably detect if one is loging in from
         | crimea? There is no Ukranian/Russian ISP operating exclusively
         | in crimea, is there?
        
         | mebr wrote:
         | What happened after? your account was unblocked later?
        
           | pelasaco wrote:
           | yes, it was unblocked later, after some email exchanges, but
           | it took me some days and a lot of nerves.
        
       | dweberz wrote:
       | Support peer-to-peer alternatives.
       | 
       | The technology to realize a peer-to-peer alternative to GH is
       | here. We just need to make it happen. IMO radicle.xyz is the most
       | promising one right now.
        
       | nbzso wrote:
       | Let me see. You have a business in which you cannot control
       | access to your Intellectual Property? And you take money from
       | people for services? What can go wrong here? I really don't get
       | this. Git is free. Setting up dedicated server with redundancy
       | backup is de facto the standard since SVN era. In this case I
       | don't blame GitHub at all. It is responsibility of the business
       | owner to make a judgement with all "bad case scenarios" in mind.
       | In production the idea of trusting third party infrastructure
       | without alternative is unprofessional.
        
       | Proven wrote:
       | Why wouldn't they block the entire company?
       | 
       | Can the company guarantee the employee isn't directly or
       | indirectly using Github?
        
       | xvilka wrote:
       | Such cases highlight the importance of improving IPFS and
       | Federation protocols, for example for Gitea[1][2] or
       | GitLab[3][4]. Or just sponsoring them[5]. The source code for
       | ForgeFed[6][7] might be also of interest for improvement.
       | 
       | [1] https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/1612
       | 
       | [2] https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/9045
       | 
       | [3] https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/6468
       | 
       | [4] https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/33665
       | 
       | [5] https://opencollective.com/gitea
       | 
       | [6] https://forgefed.peers.community/
       | 
       | [7] https://notabug.org/peers/forgefed
        
         | gbrindisi wrote:
         | that was an interesting rabbit hole you sent me into, thanks
         | for sharing!
        
         | dweberz wrote:
         | also radicle.xyz
        
       | jjd33 wrote:
       | >Iran wants to buy COVID vaccine with their own money that is in
       | South Korea >South Korea refuses money access due to US sanctions
       | 
       | Yes it is not directly related to this post. But this witch hunt
       | against Iran is beyond retarded. I get why Saudi Arabia and
       | Israel would join ties against Iran it makes sense.
       | 
       | But for US, Japan and South Korea to join just due to personal
       | and financial motives is a literal disgrace to humanity.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Can't really blame GitHub here... US laws are badly written.
        
         | dancemethis wrote:
         | GitHub seems proudly american with their support for ICEs, the
         | US concentration camps.
        
         | zed88 wrote:
         | US laws follow US geo-politics, which is where the problem
         | lies.
        
         | DrBazza wrote:
         | When I worked for "mega bank" a few years ago, even for
         | software purchasing (because we were Anglo-American), we needed
         | an 'ECCN' - an export control number for everything. Thanks US
         | gov. Initially it was funny. Then it wasn't for a very long
         | time.
         | 
         | Is it an X-ray machine? Does it use crypto? Is it more than 231
         | dpi? Well you can't export it to Middleeastistan.
         | 
         | https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/licensing/commerce-control...
        
         | grumple wrote:
         | If Github is going to block people for accessing from Iran, why
         | don't they just block all Iranian ips? I'd totally blame Github
         | for this.
        
         | asplake wrote:
         | They could have prevented the access they merely detected. Much
         | less harm all round
        
         | enriquto wrote:
         | It's alright to blame people for lawfully following harmful
         | laws.
        
           | Dirlewanger wrote:
           | I didn't see a whole lot of blaming tech when every big
           | company was found to be participating in NSA's PRISM program.
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | > It's alright to blame people for lawfully following harmful
           | laws.
           | 
           | It's also alright to blame people for interpreting laws too
           | widely and too abusively. The legal and security departments
           | are much at fault for this where they'll prefer to abuse
           | people than to take up any kind of risk.
        
           | cush wrote:
           | There's a law for this...?
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | Indeed! Here's how it works:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25644356
        
           | jokethrowaway wrote:
           | It's not. You have a literal state actor backed with an army
           | demanding money if you don't comply.
           | 
           | I'll pick the legal way unless the profits I can make somehow
           | outweigh the sanctions (legislators can make mistakes too)
           | and there are no penal repercussions.
        
             | grumple wrote:
             | It is. We established this quite clearly in Nuremberg.
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | You're comparing state sanctioned killing and torturing
               | with sanctioning people trading with each other.
               | 
               | The first one is a violent crime against individuals, the
               | second one is basically a tax.
               | 
               | I'm against both but they carry a different weight.
        
               | grumple wrote:
               | Sure, the impact is different. But on the other hand, I
               | try to follow this rule as much as possible:
               | 
               | "One has not only a legal, but a moral responsibility to
               | obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral
               | responsibility to disobey unjust laws." - Martin Luther
               | King, Jr.
               | 
               | Microsoft is no stranger to breaking laws and certainly
               | has the resources to fight this one, or at least to argue
               | that it shouldn't apply in this case.
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | I consider immoral to threaten individuals with jail time
               | unless they give you 40% of their salary.
               | 
               | I consider immoral the USA's warmongering and spying on
               | its own citizens.
               | 
               | Still, if I don't pay my taxes or if I try to stop the
               | army from going to bomb some poor people in the middle
               | east, I'll be put in jail.
               | 
               | If I have a way to sabotage the government which won't
               | ruin my life, I'll do it, but I'll pass on the rest.
               | 
               | We're lucky enough not to live in a country that require
               | us to kill people in concentration camps, because we
               | would surely do that.
               | 
               | At least, I would do it if I didn't have another choice
               | (but I would also try to desert).
        
           | kiallmacinnes wrote:
           | It's also not fair to blame people (well, companies...) for
           | obeying the law.
           | 
           | Personally, I'd rather a world where companies obey the law
           | than one where they pick and choose what laws they would like
           | to obey.
        
             | goodpoint wrote:
             | You are making a strawman. Companies are often following
             | the law strictly or loosely as it suits them.
             | 
             | GitHub could have warned the company before blocking and/or
             | blocked access only from Iran. It did neither.
        
               | kiallmacinnes wrote:
               | > You are making a strawman. Companies are often
               | following the law strictly or loosely as it suits them.
               | 
               | You're right that companies don't always obey the law.
               | However, what has that got to do with "Personally, I'd
               | rather a world where companies obey the law"?
               | 
               | My point is that companies SHOULD obey the laws, not that
               | they always do - and that - allowing and encouraging
               | companies to pick and choose the laws they are going to
               | obey is wrong, and will simply not end well.
               | 
               | > GitHub could have warned the company before blocking
               | and/or blocked access only from Iran. It did neither.
               | 
               | I'm not familiar enough with the specifics of the US laws
               | regarding Iran to know if this is a lawful course of
               | action to take upon a customer attempting to use your
               | products/services from Iran.
               | 
               | Maybe they could have? Maybe they can't? I've no idea &
               | I've made no attempt to address anything other than the
               | "It's alright to blame people for lawfully following
               | harmful laws" comment.
        
             | enriquto wrote:
             | I agree with you. It's alright to blame them, but it's
             | unfair at the same time. The world is not fair.
             | 
             | EDIT: concerning hypothetical worlds, I pretty much _not_
             | want to live in a world were companies blindly follow the
             | law regardless of how harmful it is. We have tried these
             | worlds in the past and they were not pretty.
        
               | kiallmacinnes wrote:
               | > EDIT: concerning hypothetical worlds, I pretty much not
               | want to live in a world were companies blindly follow the
               | law regardless of how harmful it is. We have tried these
               | worlds in the past and they were not pretty.
               | 
               | Personally, I think a distinction is necessary. Companies
               | IMO should absolutely obey the laws regardless of if they
               | like them or not. It's entirely unfair to blame them for
               | obeying the law.
               | 
               | They (as well as individual people) are free to oppose
               | those laws in an attempt to change them, however until
               | they are changed, they should follow the laws or cease
               | trading in the country who's laws they disagree with.
               | It's entirely fair to blame them for not fighting
               | stupid/wrong/harmful laws.
               | 
               | Allowing companies to choose which laws they are going to
               | obey is never going to end well.
        
               | enriquto wrote:
               | I'm sorry, I cannot reply to your post without triggering
               | Godwin's law.
        
               | archi42 wrote:
               | There are countries in which being gay will still cause
               | you serious trouble. Or not agreeing with the political
               | leadership.
               | 
               | We are quite privileged to just assume that following the
               | law as written (AND interpreted by the judiciary) will
               | mostly work out alright and doesn't cause us moral
               | dilemma. And companies consist of people, too. Is it then
               | all of a sudden morally acceptable to build spying
               | software so your country's leadership can prey on it's
               | political enemies? Or assist in persecuting discriminated
               | groups?
               | 
               | You don't have to cite long abolished laws or an
               | industrialized killing machine for pointing that out ;-)
               | though the post is really begging for it.
        
               | kiallmacinnes wrote:
               | We can all cite harmful laws, does that mean companies
               | (and people) should be free to ignore all law?
               | 
               | Should US companies be free to ignore laws related to
               | sanctions because the UAE has made being gay illegal or
               | because political opposition in China could land you in
               | jail? Where do you draw the line? Specifically - for a US
               | company as is being discussed.
        
               | enriquto wrote:
               | > companies (and people) should be free to ignore all
               | law?
               | 
               | Yet you continue with your strawmans. Nobody said that.
               | The crucial word in your sentence is "all", with which
               | nobody has agreed here. Of course nobody is above law.
               | But sometimes, in exceptional circumstances, a particular
               | law turns out to be immoral. In that case, and only in
               | that case, it is wrong to follow that particular law, and
               | it is right to do the illegal alternative.
               | 
               | If a company is found to have followed an immoral law and
               | performed harmful (but lawful) acts, it is right that
               | society punish that company later (e.g., when the law
               | situation is solved). More so in this case, when the
               | company is overzealous in its application of that immoral
               | law.
        
               | kiallmacinnes wrote:
               | > Yet you continue with your strawmans. Nobody said that.
               | 
               | No, it was rhetorical question. Reading and making an
               | effort to respond to the entirety of the comment would
               | have made that obvious when I specially ask "Where do you
               | draw the line?".
        
               | archi42 wrote:
               | Where did I say "all"?
        
               | mola wrote:
               | One way to fight a law is civil disobedience.
        
               | astura wrote:
               | You won't get that from Microsoft, they do a lot of
               | business with the US government.
        
               | f6v wrote:
               | But consumers can express their stance by not doing
               | business with MS. I believe that communities have enough
               | power in this age.
        
           | Zealotux wrote:
           | What is GitHub supposed to do?
        
             | enriquto wrote:
             | > What is GitHub supposed to do?
             | 
             | Disobey the law, make a public statement about it, and deal
             | with the consequences. This is not a new problem, it was
             | treated by Kant a few centuries ago.
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | Are you really suggesting that companies should willfully
               | break laws? We already have this in reality I guess, but
               | don't think we should suggest them to do it further.
               | Right way to get change would be for companies to get
               | together and lobby for the change they wanna see, not
               | just break the law.
               | 
               | Although I agree the export embargo is fucking stupid,
               | especially when it comes to online technology, I really
               | want to see less criminal behavior from companies, not
               | more.
        
               | enriquto wrote:
               | > Although I agree the export embargo is fucking stupid,
               | especially when it comes to online technology, I really
               | want to see less criminal behavior from companies, not
               | more.
               | 
               | The law is not stupid, it's criminal. By following it,
               | companies are precisely engaging in criminal behavior.
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | You seem confused why GitHub did what they did. In the US
               | there is something called "US Export Law", the law
               | includes declarations that makes companies unable to sell
               | services/goods to certain countries (which spoiler, Iran
               | is part of that list).
               | 
               | The law itself is not illegal, as the lawmakers have
               | created and enacted that law. It's the opposite, the law
               | is declaring what's illegal.
               | 
               | So, if GitHub doesn't ban users from Iran, they are
               | breaking the law in the US.
               | 
               | Hope this clears up any misunderstanding on how things
               | work.
        
               | papier2020 wrote:
               | What happens if a company has Office 365? Does MS block
               | entire company emails?
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | Who knows, probably? For the rest of the "Does X block Y
               | if Y is in Iran|Other embargoed country" questions, the
               | answers are either A) Yes, you'll get banned or B) No,
               | they haven't thought of that yet, but they'll add banning
               | as soon as they figure it out, as the law requires it.
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | "the law includes declarations that makes companies
               | unable to sell services/goods to certain countries" is
               | not the same as "if GitHub doesn't ban users from Iran,
               | they are breaking the law".
               | 
               | GitHub could comply with the law without completely
               | banning users who access their service from Iran, e.g. by
               | making their website unavailable for Iranian IPs or by
               | making paid features unavailable.
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | IANAL and I'm not 100% confident on my knowledge around
               | the export laws in the US, as I've only have to deal with
               | that mess once in my lifetime.
               | 
               | But, if the CEO of GitHub (Nat Friedman) claims that they
               | "do no more than what is required by the law" and end up
               | banning a user, my understanding is that the lawyers are
               | GitHub and Microsoft have made the judgement that banning
               | users are a must, simply restricting them temporary is
               | not enough.
               | 
               | Again, I think export embargoes are shit and don't
               | necessarily agree with the calls that GitHub/Microsoft
               | did, but trying to understand the side they are coming
               | from here.
        
               | eznzt wrote:
               | Yeah, that's not how the world works.
        
               | goodpoint wrote:
               | citation needed
        
               | claudiawerner wrote:
               | To the extent that a law is unjust or otherwise morally
               | wrong, it could be said there is a moral responsibility
               | to disobey an unjust law (where one would otherwise be
               | following it in a way which results in the unjust
               | outcome). Note that GP isn't saying that it's permissible
               | to break any law, only immoral ones.
               | 
               | It may be countered that the law isn't actually unjust
               | (nor immoral), but a more convincing point is that it
               | opens the door for companies to do whatever they like. I
               | don't think that holds up - morality is supposed to
               | supercede law.
               | 
               | It could be argued that anyone can disobey any law
               | because anyone can find something moral or immoral - but
               | that doesn't stand up; most people (and certainly society
               | in general) admit some degree of objectivity in morality
               | to the point where almost all moral questions either
               | already have an answer, or the answer is currently being
               | discussed (and that discussion is a process to find the
               | right answer). People tend to say morality is
               | "subjective" (whatever that means) or "relative", but act
               | as though it is objective - with all the blame, shame,
               | guilt, and assigning of responsibility. Even if it is
               | "relative", it is relative to this society, in which
               | GitHub operates.
               | 
               | Some people are interpreting this discussion on morality
               | and law as being a matter of what a company or person
               | does or doesn't "like" - morality is (by most accounts) a
               | different ballgame, and should not (epistemologically
               | speaking) be conflated with mere preference. Disobeying a
               | just law (and doing something unjust in the process) is
               | just as morally blameworthy as obeying an unjust law (and
               | doing something unjust in the process). It's not a carte
               | blanche for companies to do as they please.
               | 
               | I'm not commenting on this specific case; I'm silent on
               | my moral reasoning of it, but I wanted to try and explain
               | what I think GP was getting at.
        
               | enriquto wrote:
               | Thanks for the clarification, that was exactly my point.
        
               | FooBarWidget wrote:
               | And if the consequences is that the police comes at their
               | doors and ordering them to comply, then what exactly has
               | Github achieved? It's easy to be a keyboard warrior and
               | taking an idealistic stance.
        
             | mantap wrote:
             | Block requests from Iran, display a message that
             | connections are blocked for legal reasons. Allow account to
             | be used when not in Iran.
        
               | MaxBarraclough wrote:
               | Would that comply with US law?
        
               | goodpoint wrote:
               | Yes, the law does not require blocking the account
               | globally.
               | 
               | It also does not require to do so without warning or
               | clarification.
        
               | mantap wrote:
               | Compliance with the law is not binary. The US has a
               | system of selective enforcement whereby they go after the
               | most flagrant violators to make an example to everyone
               | else. Blocking requests is compliance enough, practically
               | speaking.
        
           | onion2k wrote:
           | It's very easy to say that on someone else's behalf.
           | 
           | Essentially you're saying that Nat Friedman should risk 20
           | years in prison, and a million dollar fine _per user_ in
           | order to let Iranian developers use Github.
           | 
           | As much as I hate the idea of software not being freely
           | available to everyone, I would not be willing to take that
           | risk. I doubt many HN readers would.
        
         | Blikkentrekker wrote:
         | _GitHub_ makes far more noise about such laws when it care
         | about them, however.
         | 
         | Another thing it also doesn't care about is the U.S.A. laws
         | that prohibit those under 13 from effectively contributing.
         | 
         | The real issue is that many projects, many of which making
         | sanctimonious statements about inclusivity they clearly caren't
         | a bit about continue to operate through _GitHub_ and other
         | companies under U.S.A. control and remain reliant upon them for
         | contribution.
         | 
         | The last time I assessed the matter, publishing on _crates.io_
         | seemed to require a _GitHub_ account, though I 'm not sure
         | whether this issue has now been fixed; I've certainly seen
         | _Rust_ preach and pat itself on the back how much it cares
         | about not excluding anyone, but apparently Iran isn 't so
         | included.
        
       | f6v wrote:
       | Well, that's what you get for doing business with an American
       | company. The USA impose illegal sanctions and strongarm their
       | allies in supporting the sanctions. Let this be a lesson for
       | others.
        
       | sebslomski wrote:
       | Shit happens, but I would really appreciate if you would re-
       | activate our Github Org now, @github. You know, some PRs are
       | waiting there for me.
        
         | mro_name wrote:
         | can't you just push elsewhere, be it a self-hosted location or
         | the one of a reliable 3rd party and tell Microsoft to go fSSck
         | themselves?
         | 
         | I mean, what do you need github for to integrate and deploy?
        
       | beshrkayali wrote:
       | So are we not going to talk about how economic sanctions end up
       | as a way to use the people of these countries as a way to
       | pressure their governments for political gains? How these
       | sanctions directly and indirectly cause an increased poverty gap
       | and negatively impact the living standards? How the governments
       | of these sanctioned countries magnify this economic pressure to
       | prevent people from revolting and to entrench their presence even
       | more?
        
         | nolok wrote:
         | Two kind of sanctions:
         | 
         | - sanction the leaders responsible and their buddies, the most
         | common (that's what we do with russia, turkey, ...), hurt their
         | wallet but ultimately is a soft sanction, and also your
         | populace sees it as ineffective / nothing is done
         | 
         | - sanction the country directly, embargo, complete block, kick
         | out of swift, that sort of stuff is what was done to Iran. Can
         | only be done if you're part of the bigger/more powerful group.
         | Massive effect, causes lots of poverty and pain for the
         | populace but that's on purpose, so they are forcing their
         | leaders to change some stuff. Doesn't always work, but both
         | outcome are victories in a way: either the country is forced to
         | change and stop the original abuse, or it doesn't change but is
         | so crippled that it's not longer a problem.
         | 
         | This is bound to something very, very, important: if the
         | country does change and does what you asked, you start lifting.
         | 
         | Part of the message that's more of an european rant: that's why
         | Trump action on the Iran deal was a disaster, because, now the
         | population doesn't believe it's their own leaders fault, and
         | even if they did their leaders don't believe it would ease if
         | they did what was asked. That's how you end up with a north
         | korea.
         | 
         | According to every report I've seen, Iran was fully respecting
         | their part of the deal, and allowing all the inspection
         | necessary, when the USA did a "AHAH ! it's a trap !" trick on
         | them and screwed them. You're not convincing countries to
         | behave, you're telling them that if they don't behave, they
         | better go all the way to the other side.
        
           | beshrkayali wrote:
           | > Massive effect, causes lots of poverty and pain for the
           | populace but that's on purpose
           | 
           | This is what I'm talking about. Even if I'm to agree with the
           | purpose of the requested change, does it justify the means by
           | which it's being procured?
           | 
           | Trump may have screwed it up even more, but sanctions of the
           | second kind have been introduced on countries like Iran or
           | Syria since the mid-80s afaik. No major change happened, but
           | the idea of knowingly use the population of another country
           | to pressure their government which is known to not be chosen
           | democratically is basically a form of hostage situation, and
           | is immoral imho.
        
             | vorpalhex wrote:
             | The alternatives:
             | 
             | 1. Bomb them back into the stone age. That would kill a
             | whole bunch of people, who as you point out are basically
             | held hostage by their government and don't get much choice
             | in the matter. It'd also permanently wreck their economy
             | and infrastructure, cost lives on both sides, and usually
             | has follow on effects.
             | 
             | 2. Do nothing and allow things like funding terrorism,
             | selling arms, committing atrocities, etc. You would know
             | these things are going on, and therefore be allowing them
             | to happen, and these things would probably be happening to
             | your own people and allies.
             | 
             | Which one would you rather take?
        
               | beshrkayali wrote:
               | These are not the only options.
               | 
               | Funding of terrorism _is still happening now_ , and their
               | support is being funnelled through countries that are not
               | under any economic restrictions, some even have good
               | relations with US, like KSA. For example, most official
               | fundamental/terroristic TV channels/groups are based
               | there. Most shell companies used by oppressing regimes in
               | MidEast are in the UAE.
        
               | nolok wrote:
               | I don't understand your comment as the countries you list
               | are not under sanctions like the ones described.
               | 
               | "doing this to entity X stop that from entity X" "no,
               | look, here is another entity Y where didn't do this, and
               | it still does that"
               | 
               | If anything your comment implies we should sanction all
               | of these countries too.
        
               | beshrkayali wrote:
               | It's pretty simple really:
               | 
               | - Sanctions don't achieve the goal of stopping funding
               | terrorism as evident by it still happening.
               | 
               | - IF the point of sanctions was to _actually_ stop
               | terrorism funding, you'd start at the origin of where
               | these ideas start, which is known to be
               | Wahhabism/Salafism.
               | 
               | - At least, you'd start at the origin of how people
               | holding these ideas were supported and given weapons and
               | training to achieve regime change goals and to fight
               | against Russians in Afghanistan.
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | One thing to keep in mind Iranian leaders are mostly
               | conservative Shiites. As such you are never going to get
               | them to stop supporting Shiite communities in the middle
               | east. Even if they disappeared tomorrow whoever replaces
               | them is also not going to stop. And as Shiites they want
               | nothing to do with Wahhabism/Salafism.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | > economic sanctions end up as a way to use the people of these
         | countries as a way to pressure their governments for political
         | gains?
         | 
         | It's not as if this isn't commonly known. But when you view
         | sanctions as a de-escalatory alternative to outright conflict,
         | which also has huge negative impacts on the people of the
         | countries in conflict.
        
           | beshrkayali wrote:
           | This de-escalation is benefiting one group of people on the
           | account of another. While both groups having nothing to do
           | with the situation directly, the group that's benefiting is
           | indirectly approving of it by continuing to vote for the same
           | policies.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | You can make the same arguments against capricious Google and
         | YouTube delisting, Facebook or Instagram bans, Twitter bans,
         | App Store takedowns etc.
        
           | beshrkayali wrote:
           | True, and I'd agree. But these companies are private
           | entities. I can disagree with them but I can't force them to
           | do anything, aside from not using them. Economic sanctions
           | are introduced by governments, supposedly from and for the
           | people.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | > companies are private entities.
             | 
             | Private entities chartered and regulated by the government,
             | of course.
        
               | beshrkayali wrote:
               | Businesses have the right to refuse service.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | By that logic, so do governments have the right to
               | exercise their prerogatives...
        
               | beshrkayali wrote:
               | Not really. They both may be immoral, but the government
               | is chosen by the people, and I don't believe they
               | "bestowed" on you your personal rights (in your private
               | life or in how you run your business), they are there to
               | protect you from others trying to prevent you from
               | practicing your rights. Businesses/companies are
               | regulated by the market. By you stopping to use them, you
               | indirectly affect their decisions. If enough people think
               | that what Google is doing is wrong, they can stop using
               | them. Google will either shutter or change. This last bit
               | also applies to governments in terms of actual vote
               | power. If enough people thought that US gov policies are
               | bad/wrong, they wouldn't vote for them. Obviously they
               | still vote for the same people, so they still don't see
               | it.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | > your personal rights (in your private life or in how
               | you run your business)
               | 
               | What "personal"/natural right do you have to establish a
               | limited liability corporation? That is a social
               | construct, intended to facilitate business, but it is not
               | some "private sphere" distinct from the society we live
               | in.
               | 
               | Your account of consumer choice "regulation" fails when
               | confronted with even the most basic externality.
        
       | rathel wrote:
       | At work I had to take a course on US export control. The
       | restrictions they bully everyone into are pretty nazi. Likewise
       | with SWIFT. As evidenced by TFA it's always regular citizens that
       | suffer. Compare this with EU sanctions that are targeted to
       | particular companies and individuals.
        
         | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
         | Yeah. A few days ago I asked why was us demanding kyc/aml
         | regulations from countries when in us itself its easy to set up
         | an anonymous corporation because laws. Its supposed to protect
         | people from doing transactions and getting your "privacy
         | violated".
        
       | trapexit wrote:
       | Geolocation databases are frequently inaccurate, even at the
       | country level of granularity!
       | 
       | I use a ISP in the Netherlands that was founded only recently, I
       | and frequently encounter sites that think I'm in Dubai, which is
       | apparently where the previous owner of my IP block was located.
       | 
       | Fortunately, the only problems this seems to cause for the moment
       | are that I occasionally get geo-blocked by some sites' overly-
       | aggressive firewall rules, and I get Twitter ads in Arabic.
       | 
       | But I shudder to think what might happen should the UAE find
       | itself under sanction.
        
       | michaeltimo wrote:
       | What I don't understand is why not blocking access to those
       | regions which are affected by US sactions (in this case Iran).
       | The current situation in which you can access the website, but if
       | you do, your account will be banned immediately is more like a
       | detective scenario than respecting the laws. You can simply block
       | all Iranian IPs.
        
       | jitbit wrote:
       | GitHub: "Lets rename master to main because Inclusion & Equality"
       | 
       | Also GitHub: "sorry you're from a wrong country"
        
         | jpxw wrote:
         | Github's help text when opening a new repo irks me. It contains
         | the following:                   git branch -m master main
         | 
         | With absolutely no explanation of what they are doing, or why.
         | I can imagine this being confusing to beginners, and it
         | requires mental effort for me to ignore it each time.
        
           | weka wrote:
           | Well, just think of how many tutorials (aka 99.9%) iterate
           | git master branch.
           | 
           | When new people start, they are going to wonder what master
           | vs main branch is -- I guarantee it.
        
           | apta_ wrote:
           | They seriously think "master" is a bad word? That's crazy.
        
             | jey wrote:
             | To be fair, our industry brought this on itself -- we did
             | use "master" and "slave" together as technical terms in
             | various contexts. Now even the innocent uses of "master"
             | that don't involve any reference to slavery are tainted
             | too, at least from the perspective of a non-technical
             | outsider. I'm sure their eyes will glaze over well before
             | one can finish explaining what a version control system is,
             | why you would want one, why it has branches and what they
             | are used for, and that all this involves no references to
             | slavery.
        
           | skrebbel wrote:
           | This cost me 20 minutes + lots of confusion when teaching a
           | Git course to newbies some weeks ago. I switched to GitLab
           | for the next group.
        
         | Voloskaya wrote:
         | > Also GitHub: "sorry you're from a wrong country"
         | 
         | GitHub has no choice into the matter short of moving all it's
         | infra in another country.
         | 
         | This is a political issue, pressure need to be put on political
         | leaders to change that stupid law.
        
           | mdoms wrote:
           | Not true. As per another commenter in this thread,
           | 
           | https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-
           | sanctions/... 118. I have a client that is in Iran to visit a
           | relative. Do I need to restrict the account?
           | 
           | Answer
           | 
           | No. As long as you are satisfied that the client is not
           | ordinarily resident in Iran, then the account does not need
           | to be restricted. See FAQ 37
        
       | nanna wrote:
       | To be fair Nat Friedman replied:
       | 
       | > Hi Sebastian, sorry to hear about this. I will check into it
       | right away and get your org unblocked.
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/natfriedman/status/1346452935924846593?s...
       | 
       | Pretty messed up that they built this kill switch in the first
       | place though, if you ask me.
        
         | Merman_Mike wrote:
         | This behavior shouldn't be praised. Having to go on twitter,
         | get on the front page of HN, and make Github look bad seems
         | like the only way to get help these days.
        
           | nanna wrote:
           | Yeah I mean, I completely agree.
        
           | draw_down wrote:
           | You guys can keep making this point, and I guess you probably
           | will. But that ship has sailed folks.
           | 
           | Doing it this way works, whether we like it or not.
        
       | 300 wrote:
       | They could have blocked the user in Iran. It's without sense to
       | block the organization's account.
        
         | freeone3000 wrote:
         | OFAC sanctions are transitive.
        
       | optimalsolver wrote:
       | Why do so many in the open source community use GitHub, a closed
       | source platform?
        
         | nuker wrote:
         | Do you have Gmail account? Nothing beats free service.
        
           | Tepix wrote:
           | No
        
           | LockAndLol wrote:
           | Nothing? Really? Nothing? Nothing in the entire existence of
           | the universe ever beats a free service? OK then...
        
             | dubcanada wrote:
             | It's a phrase, a commonly used one in English, obviously
             | not nothing in the entire universe.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | 1337shadow wrote:
       | Just wondering, does it also happen when connecting with Tor ?
       | Would like to warn my friends and eventually tell them the
       | workaround ...
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | My guess would be that either GitHub outright blocks
         | connections if they think it's via Tor. Second guess is that if
         | your Tor exit node happens to be in Iran (or any other
         | embargoed country), you'll get blocked as well, as they most
         | likely looks at the source IP to get the location.
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | Just tell your friends to use gitlabon prem or another eu-
         | hosted got service.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | davidg109 wrote:
       | How do you manage this kind of risk? Are there other options
       | other than don't use GitHub to begin with?
        
       | numlock86 wrote:
       | While GitHub is not really to blame (following the laws and all,
       | no matter how silly they are) why would your employees login from
       | Iran with their work laptops into their work accounts while
       | "visiting their parents" anyway? Why is that not the actual
       | problem? Lack of policies?
        
         | cookieswumchorr wrote:
         | depending on what the company does, different levels of
         | security are appropriate. but, yeah, I would avoid taking
         | valuable data with me on a flight to shady countries (the US
         | being among the top 10 of that list)
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | You can't have policies for everything.
         | 
         | Their main problem is using SaaS for something as basic and
         | important as version control. Than you have to deal with silly
         | US laws.
        
       | 0xmohit wrote:
       | GitHub might start blocking countries doing any trade with Iran
       | in order to comply with "laws".
        
         | JJJollyjim wrote:
         | unfortunately this is a real thing the US imposes on the world
         | (it's called Secondary Sanctions)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | dustinmoris wrote:
       | Why don't we have internet havens yet? Companies are so clever in
       | legally avoiding tax by registering companies in the most
       | favourable jurisdictions and only running the absolute minimum of
       | operations through tax expensive countries and so on, why don't
       | we have the equivalent for avoiding dumb laws such as US trade
       | wars, DMCA takedowns, etc.?
       | 
       | Can most internet operations not run through companies who are
       | registered and have servers in a country where most of those laws
       | don't apply to customers who are not US citizen?
        
         | arghwhat wrote:
         | > Why don't we have internet havens yet?
         | 
         | Companies pull tricks to optimize profits. Evading tax
         | increases profit, but so does controlling the internet and
         | sending blanket DMCA takedown requests instead of spending
         | money on case-by-case review.
         | 
         | Heck, if the big companies wanted to avoid these things, they'd
         | probably wouldn't be lobbying _for_ these things.
        
         | est31 wrote:
         | The reward for dodging taxes is pretty high. What's the reward
         | of letting a few folks open their laptop while at their
         | parents?
         | 
         | If you are ideologically motivated, you might do it. Apparently
         | project Gutenberg has set up servers in locations with shorter
         | copyright durations so that they can mirror public domain
         | books. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25610024
        
       | JoshTko wrote:
       | Seems like this policy would actually make sense for Russia.
        
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