[HN Gopher] Philly scientist behind COVID vaccine tech was demot...
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       Philly scientist behind COVID vaccine tech was demoted by UPenn
        
       Author : apsec112
       Score  : 99 points
       Date   : 2021-01-03 18:14 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (billypenn.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (billypenn.com)
        
       | Duller-Finite wrote:
       | A similar article was published in Wired about a month ago:
       | https://www.wired.co.uk/article/mrna-coronavirus-vaccine-pfi...
        
       | pjc50 wrote:
       | Saving the world is one thing, but she failed at the most
       | important metric: securing grant funding for her institution.
       | Probably her impact factor was terrible too.
       | 
       | /S
        
         | api wrote:
         | You get what you measure. We get publications.
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | The follies of human organizations since time immemorial
           | summed up in a single point.
        
         | PedroBatista wrote:
         | Indeed, never heard of her until a few months ago. How many
         | followers has she?
        
           | jonny_eh wrote:
           | How many citations? Clearly it's those that count.
        
       | lawnchair_larry wrote:
       | It sounds like she was not able to raise the money to continue
       | her research. That's not really UPenn's fault. No one can know in
       | advance which ideas are promising enough, so it isn't reasonable
       | to blame them.
       | 
       | This isn't a scandal or an embarrassment. If, after working for
       | decades, no one is willing to fund you, it's kind of expected
       | that they have to cut their losses at some point. She was
       | apparently working on it for over 20 years! It turned out that
       | all of the grant money and VC money didn't see the right
       | risk/value potential in it, so they declined to provide their
       | money, but BioNTech did and hired her as a VP. I suspect this
       | ended much better for her than staying at Penn would have.
        
         | justicezyx wrote:
         | > It sounds like she was not able to raise the money to
         | continue her research. That's not really UPenn's fault. No one
         | can know in advance which ideas are promising enough, so it
         | isn't reasonable to blame them.
         | 
         | As one had wrote 2-3 grant proposal during graduate studies, my
         | takeaway is that the system failed to give the really impactful
         | ideas the right amount of resources.
         | 
         | That's matching a 2-day-old submission [1] about peer-reviewed
         | research papers are becoming boring, as another sign that the
         | existing research management systems are not producing
         | interesting results, even just from reading the papers, which
         | presumably is already the most interesting thing can be
         | produced from a research project.
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25605156
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | An institution of the prestige UPenn aspires to is supposed to
         | provide research leadership, and not just be a place for VCs to
         | subcontract their work.
        
         | ruined wrote:
         | shouldn't it be the university administration's job to find
         | funding and allocate it? sure nobody can know the future, but
         | people in positions of power should at least understand the
         | potential results and implications of the projects they decide
         | to terminate or support. researchers themselves shouldn't have
         | to waste time essentially paying rent to a parasitic
         | bureaucracy.
        
         | mattkrause wrote:
         | Isn't it slightly embarrassing that we a) can't predict the
         | impact of most research programs very well but
         | 
         | b) make pretty drastic decisions based on them, and
         | 
         | c) [for Penn specifically], never revisit those decisions.
         | 
         | Her publication record from 2005 onwards is pretty solid:
         | Immunity and Nature papers with a thousand citations each, an
         | out-licensed patent, and a bunch of other papers too.
         | 
         | It probably wouldn't kill anyone for UPenn to say "The
         | value/success of her work wasn't obvious to our P&T committee
         | at the time" or something vaguely apologetic.
        
       | m0llusk wrote:
       | This mRNA technology is amazing. One of the great hopes is that
       | it may be possible to target specific cancers with great accuracy
       | thereby saving many lives. Hopefully these vaccines are just a
       | start.
        
         | lambdasquirrel wrote:
         | I'm surprised there are few articles in the news about how they
         | work, and why it's a big deal. One of the other vaccines
         | developed in China uses a common adenovirus as a carrier for
         | the SARS-COV-2 genetic material and that was why it had lower
         | efficacy. The Oxford vaccine uses some less-common adenovirus,
         | which is somewhat better, but mRNA lets you bypass using
         | viruses as a vector altogether.
        
       | kken wrote:
       | This is actually quite a good background story on the mRNA COVID-
       | Vaccines, that also explains Karikos role in more detail.
       | 
       | https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/10/the-story-of-mrna-how-a-...
       | 
       | WSJ also has a number of good articles:
       | 
       | https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-pfizer-delivered-a-covid-va...
       | 
       | https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-a-couples-quest-to-cure-can...
       | 
       | https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-pfizer-partner-biontech-bec...
       | 
       | What I found quite interesting was the latest news release from
       | BioNtech where they thank all their partners. Some parts of the
       | supply chain are only served by very small companies.
       | 
       | https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-det...
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | Curious that they mentioned their local pharmacy (Phoenix-
         | Apotheke Mainz, on the same street as their office). I wonder
         | what it supplied.
        
       | joshuakelly wrote:
       | As a few other commenters have mentioned, this is a story about
       | how Kariko was sidelined early in her career. The Penn demotion
       | occurred in 1991. She eventually left in 2013 when, despite
       | publishing groundbreaking research in the mid 00s, she was never
       | returned to a tenure-track position.
       | 
       | Nonetheless an impressive story of conviction and perseverance.
       | Penn has decades-old egg on its face, rather than months-old
       | fresh egg.
        
         | eastendguy wrote:
         | 7 year old egg (but in hindsight good for the world). They
         | pushed her out, so she went to BioNTech. There she helped to
         | create the world's first Corona vaccine:
         | 
         | https://biontech.de/sites/default/files/2019-08/20140202_Bio...
        
         | lou1306 wrote:
         | It's also a depressing tale for wannabe academics, however.
         | mRNA vaccines are an impressive, groundbreaking development. Dr
         | Kariko (and others) may get a Nobel for that. And yet, she was
         | kicked off the tenure track because she _failed to secure VC
         | investments_ , for chrissake.
        
       | nyokodo wrote:
       | If there is not an appropriate award that already exists then it
       | should be created and then given to her and any other unsung
       | heroes in this area. If no institution does it then it should be
       | crowd funded and presented by a new foundation. I will donate!!
        
         | signal11 wrote:
         | There is some talk of a Nobel Prize in chemistry for Dr Katalin
         | Kariko and her collaborator Dr Drew Weissman. From what I've
         | heard, mRNA as a technique is quite an advance -- if true then
         | they deserve all the accolades they get to make up for the
         | years of fruitless, unappreciated research.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | Researcher fails to make money for half a decade because they
       | were working on something that they wouldn't figure out for an
       | additional two decades.
       | 
       | Okay...?
       | 
       | If this still bothers you, please tell me what kind of
       | organization would exist to support 25 years of false starts, and
       | what needs to change to make that kind of organization exist.
        
         | brokencode wrote:
         | You realize that academic research can take years or decades to
         | pay off right? Look at nuclear fusion research. Should we give
         | up just because we are still decades away even after decades of
         | research?
         | 
         | I think this is a major problem in our society. We expect
         | immediate profits off of research, but that limits us to
         | research that is less bold and innovative. We should allow our
         | brilliant scientists to follow their passions instead of
         | following grants.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | I understand that argument, and it is usually in the context
           | of the folly of quarterly results in the private sector,
           | which is a far cry from six years and twenty five years.
           | 
           | Regardless, back to my question, what needs to change to
           | support all the other researchers toiling away right now that
           | won't gain any consensus or utility till the year 2050.
        
             | AlexMoffat wrote:
             | See lb504's answer.
        
             | brokencode wrote:
             | We need a mindset of doing research for its own sake rather
             | than just as a way to profit. What profit could come of
             | going to the moon? Yet we developed many technologies along
             | the way.
             | 
             | Realistically, the funding would probably need to come (and
             | already does come) from the government. The government
             | should be funding manned missions to Mars and investing
             | much more in longshot technologies like nuclear fusion, to
             | name a couple obvious ones.
        
         | derstander wrote:
         | My opinion is that this sort of long-term and/or high-risk
         | research and development is precisely what universities and
         | governments (and government grants) are for.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | and what needs to change, for the researchers right now who
           | won't have any useful milestone or breakthrough until the
           | year 2050.
        
         | lb504 wrote:
         | > If this still bothers you, please tell me what kind of
         | organization would exist to support 25 years of false starts,
         | and what needs to change to make that kind of organization
         | exist.
         | 
         | A Federal Universal Basic Income along with a Single Payer
         | Healthcare system would go a long way to supporting 25 years of
         | false starts for projects where the primary initial investment
         | is intellectual labor. Many science, engineering, and cultural
         | projects fit this description.
        
           | easytiger wrote:
           | And yet, it was developed under free market principles and
           | delivered to market with no one getting a UBI.
           | 
           | UBI is a fantasy for children.
        
           | krona wrote:
           | You're implying she could've done all this research in her
           | bedroom? I doubt it.
        
         | matkoniecz wrote:
         | > If this still bothers you, please tell me what kind of
         | organization would exist to support 25 years of false starts,
         | and what needs to change to make that kind of organization
         | exist.
         | 
         | Academic research is supposed to be for such long-term
         | research. Plenty of scientists research for entire life, just
         | to explore dead ends.
         | 
         | Also, WTF it is considered as OK to base scientific research
         | decisions on profit generated within 5 years? (I know how it
         | happens and why, but considering it as OK is ridiculous)
        
         | throwaway2245 wrote:
         | > what needs to change to make that kind of organization exist.
         | 
         | Stop modelling universities, national education and research
         | systems on profit-seeking businesses.
         | 
         | Businesses already cover that niche; it's entirely unhelpful
         | for universities to exist with a profit-making premise.
        
         | rodgerd wrote:
         | I would expect academia to absolutely be the place for long-
         | term, speculative research to be at the heart of what they do.
        
       | hollander wrote:
       | > Penn officials declined to comment on their relationship with
       | Kariko, previous or current. "We are unable to discuss specifics
       | about faculty or staff employment matters," spokesperson Stephen
       | Maccarthy told Billy Penn.
       | 
       | Privacy is the such a convenient and perfect excuse for
       | institutions to cover up their mess.
        
         | trianglem wrote:
         | Put away your pitchfork, this demotion was in the 90s
        
           | p_l wrote:
           | And the demotion was for focusing on the less and less
           | popular mRNA with idea of using it for vaccines, instead of
           | something that would bring grant funding.
           | 
           | She was demoted precisely for doing what led to the
           | techniques used by Biontech and Moderna.
        
           | varjag wrote:
           | That mostly means we could have mRNA vaccines a decade
           | earlier.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | perhaps, or maybe it means we would have mRNA vaccines
             | decades later.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | asciident wrote:
         | What would you have them do? You can't have privacy only for
         | things you want privacy for, and transparency for things you
         | don't want privacy for.
        
           | Shared404 wrote:
           | I would argue for institutional transparency, tempered by
           | individual privacy.
           | 
           | For example, in this situation UPenn is not sharing the
           | information out of "Privacy concerns". These could be
           | alleviated by the scientist in question saying that they are
           | free to share information about that time -- leaving no
           | reason to continue hiding the information except for
           | embarrassment.
        
       | nerdbaggy wrote:
       | While the title of this article is accurate it's deceiving. She
       | was demoted sometime in the 1980-1990s. The article even says she
       | stopped working for the school in 2013 and went to work for a
       | pharma firm. The article even says she went pack to UPenn this
       | year to get her vaccine.
        
         | signal11 wrote:
         | Not just any pharma firm, she joined BioNTech, which created
         | the Pfizer vaccine.
        
           | foepys wrote:
           | Why is it always called "the Pfizer vaccine" when it's
           | clearly a joint operation between Biontech and Pfizer with
           | Biontech being the inventor of the vaccine and Pfizer being
           | the pharma giant that is able to help with resources and
           | producing it at scale?
        
             | jonny_eh wrote:
             | Easier to say. Just like "Oxford" vaccine instead of
             | "Astrazeneca/Oxford".
        
               | the-dude wrote:
               | GNU/Linux please.
        
               | rantwasp wrote:
               | this escalated quickly
        
               | foepys wrote:
               | But in this case it's the BioNTech vaccine then.
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | That's essentially the opposite situation, though.
               | Presumably Oxford has better PR people than BioNTech. It
               | also has the great advantage of being easier to spell.
        
             | notacoward wrote:
             | Because Pfizer has a marketing department many times bigger
             | than all of BioNTech.
        
             | easytiger wrote:
             | > Why is it always called "the Pfizer vaccine"
             | 
             | False supposition, in most cases in my reading it is called
             | Pfizer/BioNTech in reference
        
         | jonas21 wrote:
         | It's also misleading in other ways (perhaps unintentionally).
         | For example:
         | 
         | > _After six years, her bosses at Penn were reportedly so
         | frustrated by the lack of momentum that they cut her salary and
         | demoted her._
         | 
         | Actually, she was denied tenure. At most universities, going up
         | for tenure after 6 years is just part of the process, and it's
         | fairly common for people to be denied. It's not like they
         | singled her out.
        
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       (page generated 2021-01-03 23:01 UTC)