https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/

Linux From Scratch

Version 12.4

Published September 1st, 2025

Created by Gerard Beekmans

Managing Editor: Bruce Dubbs

Copyright (c) 1999-2025 Gerard Beekmans

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Table of Contents

  * Preface

      + Foreword
      + Audience
      + LFS Target Architectures
      + Prerequisites
      + LFS and Standards
      + Rationale for Packages in the Book
      + Typography
      + Structure
      + Errata and Security Advisories
  * I. Introduction

      + 1. Introduction

          o How to Build an LFS System
          o What's new since the last release
          o Changelog
          o Resources
          o Help
  * II. Preparing for the Build

      + 2. Preparing the Host System

          o Introduction
          o Host System Requirements
          o Building LFS in Stages
          o Creating a New Partition
          o Creating a File System on the Partition
          o Setting the $LFS Variable and the Umask
          o Mounting the New Partition
      + 3. Packages and Patches

          o Introduction
          o All Packages
          o Needed Patches
      + 4. Final Preparations

          o Introduction
          o Creating a Limited Directory Layout in the LFS Filesystem
          o Adding the LFS User
          o Setting Up the Environment
          o About SBUs
          o About the Test Suites
  * III. Building the LFS Cross Toolchain and Temporary Tools

      + Important Preliminary Material

          o Introduction
          o Toolchain Technical Notes
          o General Compilation Instructions
      + 5. Compiling a Cross-Toolchain

          o Introduction
          o Binutils-2.45 - Pass 1
          o GCC-15.2.0 - Pass 1
          o Linux-6.16.1 API Headers
          o Glibc-2.42
          o Libstdc++ from GCC-15.2.0
      + 6. Cross Compiling Temporary Tools

          o Introduction
          o M4-1.4.20
          o Ncurses-6.5-20250809
          o Bash-5.3
          o Coreutils-9.7
          o Diffutils-3.12
          o File-5.46
          o Findutils-4.10.0
          o Gawk-5.3.2
          o Grep-3.12
          o Gzip-1.14
          o Make-4.4.1
          o Patch-2.8
          o Sed-4.9
          o Tar-1.35
          o Xz-5.8.1
          o Binutils-2.45 - Pass 2
          o GCC-15.2.0 - Pass 2
      + 7. Entering Chroot and Building Additional Temporary Tools

          o Introduction
          o Changing Ownership
          o Preparing Virtual Kernel File Systems
          o Entering the Chroot Environment
          o Creating Directories
          o Creating Essential Files and Symlinks
          o Gettext-0.26
          o Bison-3.8.2
          o Perl-5.42.0
          o Python-3.13.7
          o Texinfo-7.2
          o Util-linux-2.41.1
          o Cleaning up and Saving the Temporary System
  * IV. Building the LFS System

      + 8. Installing Basic System Software

          o Introduction
          o Package Management
          o Man-pages-6.15
          o Iana-Etc-20250807
          o Glibc-2.42
          o Zlib-1.3.1
          o Bzip2-1.0.8
          o Xz-5.8.1
          o Lz4-1.10.0
          o Zstd-1.5.7
          o File-5.46
          o Readline-8.3
          o M4-1.4.20
          o Bc-7.0.3
          o Flex-2.6.4
          o Tcl-8.6.16
          o Expect-5.45.4
          o DejaGNU-1.6.3
          o Pkgconf-2.5.1
          o Binutils-2.45
          o GMP-6.3.0
          o MPFR-4.2.2
          o MPC-1.3.1
          o Attr-2.5.2
          o Acl-2.3.2
          o Libcap-2.76
          o Libxcrypt-4.4.38
          o Shadow-4.18.0
          o GCC-15.2.0
          o Ncurses-6.5-20250809
          o Sed-4.9
          o Psmisc-23.7
          o Gettext-0.26
          o Bison-3.8.2
          o Grep-3.12
          o Bash-5.3
          o Libtool-2.5.4
          o GDBM-1.26
          o Gperf-3.3
          o Expat-2.7.1
          o Inetutils-2.6
          o Less-679
          o Perl-5.42.0
          o XML::Parser-2.47
          o Intltool-0.51.0
          o Autoconf-2.72
          o Automake-1.18.1
          o OpenSSL-3.5.2
          o Libelf from Elfutils-0.193
          o Libffi-3.5.2
          o Python-3.13.7
          o Flit-Core-3.12.0
          o Packaging-25.0
          o Wheel-0.46.1
          o Setuptools-80.9.0
          o Ninja-1.13.1
          o Meson-1.8.3
          o Kmod-34.2
          o Coreutils-9.7
          o Diffutils-3.12
          o Gawk-5.3.2
          o Findutils-4.10.0
          o Groff-1.23.0
          o GRUB-2.12
          o Gzip-1.14
          o IPRoute2-6.16.0
          o Kbd-2.8.0
          o Libpipeline-1.5.8
          o Make-4.4.1
          o Patch-2.8
          o Tar-1.35
          o Texinfo-7.2
          o Vim-9.1.1629
          o MarkupSafe-3.0.2
          o Jinja2-3.1.6
          o Udev from Systemd-257.8
          o Man-DB-2.13.1
          o Procps-ng-4.0.5
          o Util-linux-2.41.1
          o E2fsprogs-1.47.3
          o Sysklogd-2.7.2
          o SysVinit-3.14
          o About Debugging Symbols
          o Stripping
          o Cleaning Up
      + 9. System Configuration

          o Introduction
          o LFS-Bootscripts-20250827
          o Overview of Device and Module Handling
          o Managing Devices
          o General Network Configuration
          o System V Bootscript Usage and Configuration
          o Configuring the System Locale
          o Creating the /etc/inputrc File
          o Creating the /etc/shells File
      + 10. Making the LFS System Bootable

          o Introduction
          o Creating the /etc/fstab File
          o Linux-6.16.1
          o Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process
      + 11. The End

          o The End
          o Get Counted
          o Rebooting the System
          o Additional Resources
          o Getting Started After LFS
  * V. Appendices

      + A. Acronyms and Terms
      + B. Acknowledgments
      + C. Dependencies
      + D. Boot and sysconfig scripts version-20250827
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/rc
          o /lib/lsb/init-functions
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/mountvirtfs
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/modules
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/udev
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/swap
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/setclock
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/checkfs
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/mountfs
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/console
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/localnet
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/sysctl
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/sysklogd
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/network
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/sendsignals
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/reboot
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/halt
          o /etc/rc.d/init.d/template
          o /etc/sysconfig/modules
          o /etc/sysconfig/createfiles
          o /etc/sysconfig/udev-retry
          o /sbin/ifup
          o /sbin/ifdown
          o /lib/services/ipv4-static
          o /lib/services/ipv4-static-route
      + E. Udev configuration rules
          o 55-lfs.rules
      + F. LFS Licenses
          o Creative Commons License
          o The MIT License
  * Index

  * Next

    Preface

  * .
  * .