https://www.ft.com/content/f2025ac7-a71f-464f-a3a6-1e39c98612c7

Accessibility helpSkip to navigationSkip to main contentSkip to
footer

  * Sign In
  * Subscribe

Open side navigation menuOpen search bar
 
SubscribeSign In
Search the FT[                    ]SearchClose search barClose
  * Home
  * World
    Sections
      + World Home
      + Middle East war
      + Global Economy
      + UK
      + US
      + China
      + Africa
      + Asia Pacific
      + Emerging Markets
      + Europe
      + War in Ukraine
      + Americas
      + Middle East & North Africa
    Most Read
      + Putin's history rant in Alaska nudged Trump closer to Ukraine
      + US stocks steady as investors shrug off banking jitters
      + Italy aims to raise flat tax for rich foreigners by 50%
      + Trump's ex-adviser John Bolton pleads not guilty to
        mishandling classified information
      + Are we earning enough? The new squeeze on the middle classes
  * US
    Sections
      + US Home
      + US Economy
      + US Companies
      + US Politics & Policy
    Most Read
      + Putin's history rant in Alaska nudged Trump closer to Ukraine
      + US stocks steady as investors shrug off banking jitters
      + Trump's ex-adviser John Bolton pleads not guilty to
        mishandling classified information
      + Jefferies was 'defrauded' by First Brands, says chief
        executive
      + Kremlin investment chief urges Elon Musk to build
        Alaska-Russia tunnel
  * Companies
    Sections
      + Companies Home
      + Energy
      + Financials
      + Health
      + Industrials
      + Media
      + Professional Services
      + Retail & Consumer
      + Tech Sector
      + Telecoms
      + Transport
    Most Read
      + US stocks steady as investors shrug off banking jitters
      + AI has a cargo cult problem
      + Jefferies was 'defrauded' by First Brands, says chief
        executive
      + Ferrari cuts supply of cars to UK after non-dom tax changes
      + Credit cockroaches
  * Tech
    Sections
      + Tech Home
      + Artificial intelligence
      + Semiconductors
      + Cyber Security
      + Social Media
    Most Read
      + AI has a cargo cult problem
      + AI's double bubble trouble
      + Apple signs $700mn deal for US Formula 1 rights
      + Proxy adviser ISS says Tesla investors should oppose $1tn
        Musk pay deal
      + OpenAI wants to own it all
  * Markets
    Sections
      + Markets Home
      + Alphaville
      + Markets Data
      + Crypto
      + Capital Markets
      + Commodities
      + Currencies
      + Equities
      + Monetary Policy Radar
      + Wealth Management
      + Moral Money
      + ETF Hub
      + Fund Management
      + Trading
    Most Read
      + US stocks steady as investors shrug off banking jitters
      + Credit cockroaches
      + Gilts stage rally as Reeves looks at tax rises and spending
        cuts
      + Investors warn on leveraged loan risks after First Brands
        collapse
      + If we're being encouraged to own shares, we must also learn
        how to hedge them
  * Climate
  * Opinion
    Sections
      + Opinion Home
      + Columnists
      + The FT View
      + The Big Read
      + Lex
      + Obituaries
      + Letters
    Most Read
      + AI has a cargo cult problem
      + Credit cockroaches
      + If we're being encouraged to own shares, we must also learn
        how to hedge them
      + Europe is the biggest loser in US-China rare earth wars
      + Time to say 'enough' to extreme, unregulated online
        pornography
  * Lex
  * Work & Careers
    Sections
      + Work & Careers Home
      + Business School Rankings
      + Business Education
      + Europe's Start-Up Hubs
      + Entrepreneurship
      + Recruitment
      + Business Books
      + Business Travel
      + Working It
    Most Read
      + Proxy adviser ISS says Tesla investors should oppose $1tn
        Musk pay deal
      + A behind-the-scenes tour of New York City's biggest farmer's
        market: Union Square
      + Business school teaching case study: the football leadership
        dilemma
      + Submit your questions: How is AI reshaping the world of work?
  * Life & Arts
    Sections
      + Life & Arts Home
      + Arts
      + Books
      + Food & Drink
      + FT Magazine
      + House & Home
      + Style
      + Puzzles
      + Travel
      + FT Globetrotter
    Most Read
      + Chief Raoni: 'The Amazon is our biggest chance to keep living
        on this Earth'
      + Hot property: five homes for sale in Paris
      + 'Hopeful and imaginative' retirement housing wins top UK
        architecture prize
      + 16 sustainable ways to upgrade your tech
      + Time to guillotine France's super-rich tax breaks
  * HTSI

MenuSearch

  * Home
  * World
  * US
  * Companies
  * Tech
  * Markets
  * Climate
  * Opinion
  * Lex
  * Work & Careers
  * Life & Arts
  * HTSI

Financial Times
SubscribeSign In
Search the FT[                    ]SearchClose search barClose
    AI has a cargo cult problem

Subscribe to unlock this article

Save 40% on Standard Digital

was $540 now $319 for your first year

Save now on essential digital access to quality FT journalism on any
device. Saving based on monthly annualised price.

Save 40%What's included

  * Stay informed with global news & in-depth analysis
  * Gain clarity from expert opinion
  * FT App on Android & iOS
  * FT Edit access
  * First FT: the day's biggest stories
  * 20+ curated newsletters
  * Follow topics & set alerts with myFT
  * FT Videos & Podcasts
  * 10 monthly gift articles to share

Explore more offers.

[https]

Trial

$1 for 4 weeks

Then $75 per month. Complete digital access to quality FT journalism
on any device. Cancel or change your plan anytime during your trial.

SelectWhat's included

  * Global news & analysis
  * Expert opinion
  * FT App on Android & iOS
  * FT Edit: Access on iOS and web
  * FirstFT: the day's biggest stories
  * 20+ curated newsletters
  * Follow topics & set alerts with myFT
  * FT Videos & Podcasts
  * 20 monthly gift articles to share
  * Lex: FT's flagship investment column
  * 15+ Premium newsletters by leading experts
  * FT Digital Edition: our digitised print edition

[https]

Premium Digital

Complete coverage
$75 per month

Complete digital access to quality FT journalism with expert analysis
from industry leaders. Pay a year upfront and save 20%.

SelectWhat's included

  * Global news & analysis
  * Expert opinion
  * FT App on Android & iOS
  * FT Edit: Access on iOS and web
  * FirstFT: the day's biggest stories
  * 20+ curated newsletters
  * Follow topics & set alerts with myFT
  * FT Videos & Podcasts
  * 20 monthly gift articles to share
  * Lex: FT's flagship investment column
  * 15+ Premium newsletters by leading experts
  * FT Digital Edition: our digitised print edition

[https]

FT Digital Edition

$119 per year

FT Digital Edition: today's FT, cover to cover on any device. This
subscription does not include access to ft.com or the FT App.

SelectWhat's included

  * FT Digital Edition: our digitised print edition
  * Global news & analysis
  * Expert opinion
  * Translate instantly to 26 languages
  * Lex: FT's flagship investment column
  * FT Magazines, including HTSI
  * Offline Access

Check whether you already have access via your university or 
organisation.

Terms & Conditions apply

Explore our full range of subscriptions.

For individuals

Discover all the plans currently available in your country

DigitalPrintPrint + Digital

For multiple readers

Digital access for organisations. Includes exclusive features and
content.

FT Professional

Why the FT?

See why over a million readers pay to read the Financial Times.

Find out why

Useful links

Support

View Site TipsHelp CentreContact UsAbout UsAccessibilitymyFT Tour
CareersSuppliers

Legal & Privacy

Terms & ConditionsPrivacy PolicyCookie PolicyManage CookiesCopyright
Slavery Statement & Policies

Services

Share News Tips SecurelyIndividual SubscriptionsProfessional
SubscriptionsRepublishingExecutive Job SearchAdvertise with the FT
Follow the FT on XFT ChannelsFT Schools

Tools

PortfolioFT AppFT Digital EditionFT EditAlerts HubBusiness School
RankingsSubscription ManagerNews feedNewslettersCurrency Converter

Community & Events

FT Live EventsFT ForumsFT Leaders Academy

More from the FT Group

Markets data delayed by at least 15 minutes. (c) THE FINANCIAL TIMES
LTD 2025. FT and 'Financial Times' are trademarks of The Financial
Times Ltd.
The Financial Times and its journalism are subject to a
self-regulation regime under the FT Editorial Code of Practice.
[px]
Close side navigation menuEdition:International
UK
Search the FT[                    ]Search
Subscribe for full access

Top sections

  * Home
  * WorldShow more World
      + Middle East war
      + Global Economy
      + UK
      + US
      + China
      + Africa
      + Asia Pacific
      + Emerging Markets
      + Europe
      + War in Ukraine
      + Americas
      + Middle East & North Africa
  * USShow more US
      + US Economy
      + US Companies
      + US Politics & Policy
  * CompaniesShow more Companies
      + Energy
      + Financials
      + Health
      + Industrials
      + Media
      + Professional Services
      + Retail & Consumer
      + Tech Sector
      + Telecoms
      + Transport
  * TechShow more Tech
      + Artificial intelligence
      + Semiconductors
      + Cyber Security
      + Social Media
  * MarketsShow more Markets
      + Alphaville
      + Markets Data
      + Crypto
      + Capital Markets
      + Commodities
      + Currencies
      + Equities
      + Monetary Policy Radar
      + Wealth Management
      + Moral Money
      + ETF Hub
      + Fund Management
      + Trading
  * Climate
  * OpinionShow more Opinion
      + Columnists
      + The FT View
      + The Big Read
      + Lex
      + Obituaries
      + Letters
  * Lex
  * Work & CareersShow more Work & Careers
      + Business School Rankings
      + Business Education
      + Europe's Start-Up Hubs
      + Entrepreneurship
      + Recruitment
      + Business Books
      + Business Travel
      + Working It
  * Life & ArtsShow more Life & Arts
      + Arts
      + Books
      + Food & Drink
      + FT Magazine
      + House & Home
      + Style
      + Puzzles
      + Travel
      + FT Globetrotter
  * Personal FinanceShow more Personal Finance
      + Property & Mortgages
      + Investments
      + Pensions
      + Tax
      + Banking & Savings
      + Advice & Comment
  * HTSI
  * Special Reports

FT recommends

  * Alphaville
  * FT Edit
  * Lunch with the FT
  * FT Globetrotter
  * #techAsia
  * Moral Money
  * Visual and data journalism
  * Newsletters
  * Video
  * Podcasts
  * News feed
  * FT Schools
  * FT Live Events
  * FT Forums
  * FT Leaders Academy

  * myFT
  * Portfolio
  * FT Digital Edition
  * Crossword
  * Our Apps

  * Help Centre
  * Subscribe
  * Sign In