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Leonardo Chiariglione

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leonardo foto

Leonardo - one time video coding researcher, standardisation veteran
and entrepreneur

I received a high-school education that gave me a Western classic
imprint (Salesian Lyceum Valsalice, Maturita), an engineer's 
technical education (Polytechnic of Turin, MSc in Electronic
Engineering) and a cross-cultural/technical experience (University of
Tokyo, PhD in Electrical Communications).

My Christian Catholic education made and still makes me think that
everybody should have a mission that extends beyond their personal
interests.  In my early professional years, when digital media
technologies were still maturing, I saw my mission in the development
of interoperable digital media technologies for society to enjoy and 
industry to exploit.

I needed an organisation that would create digital media standards
for consumers to seamlessly communicate and industry operate in a
global market of interoperable products, services and applications. I
conceived that organisation in 1987, established it in 1988I, and
called  Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). In four years, MPEG had 
ushered in the digital media age with MPEG-1, a standard for
interactive media used in Video CD, digital audio broadcasting (MP2),
and personal music (MP3). Starting from the mid '90s, MPEG-2, the
result of the second MPEG project, became the common infrastructure
that underpinned distribution of digital television via cable,
satellite, terrestrial networks and package media (DVD). MPEG-4, the
third standard first released in 1988, opened the way to digital
media distribution over the internet. Several families of standards
followed: MPEG-7, MPEG-21, MPEG-A, MPEG-H, MPEG-I and more.

I chaired the group fostering its productivity with the development
of over 200 standards, membership with a 20-fold growth in attendance
from the initial 29 experts attending the first meeting, and scope
extending from media to genomics, the "born digital" data of the
world.. 

I closed MPEG on 2 June 2020 when I left because obscure forces had
hijacked it. 

Even before it has ceased to exists, the MPEG engine had run out of
steam - technology- and business wise. The same obscure forces that
have hijacked MPEG had kept it hostage to their interests impeding
its technical development and keeping it locked to outmoded
Intellectual Property licensing models delaying market adoption of
MPEG standards. Industry has been strangled and consumers have been
deprived of the benefits of new technologies. From facilitators of
new opportunities and experiences, MPEG standards have morphed from 
 into roadblocks.

On the 19th of July 2020 I proposed and, on 30 September 2020, a
group of 33 companies established the Moving Picture, Audio and Data
Coding by Artificial Intelligence (MPAI). Industry and consumers have
now an organisation developing standards based on powerful
technologies, overcoming stagnation and licensing stalemates. Five
standards covering execution of AI applications, audio enhancement,
multimodal conversation, company performance prediction, and
ecosystem governance have been developed and adopted. More standards
are in the pipeline: AI-based End-to-End Video Coding, AI-Enhanced
Video Coding, AI Health, Avatar Representation and Animation,
Connected Autonomous Vehicles, Metaverse Model,  Server-based
Predictive Multiplayer Gaming, and XR Venues.

The book Even the stars die tell the MPEG story from birth to death
and the MPAI story from birth to growth to death. The book Towards
Pervasive and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence tells the MPAI
story in its first 15 months of life: 5 standards produced and 7
projects under way1998.

This website is part of the www.chiariglione.org galaxy

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