https://www.jsg.utexas.edu/news/2025/04/north-america-is-dripping-from-below-geoscientists-discover/ Jackson School of Geosciences News [ ] Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram * Home * Media Releases * REASON: An Ice Penetrating Radar for NASA's Europa Clipper * Dean's Office * Blogs + Texas Geosciences + Science Y'all * Scientist Profiles * Newsletter + 2024 Newsletter + 2023 Newsletter + 2022 Newsletter + 2021 Newsletter + 2020 Newsleter + 2019 Newsletter + 2018 Newsletter + 2017 Newsletter + 2016 Newsletter + 2015 Newsletter + 2014 Newsletter + PDF Archive * The Geoscientist * Advancing Excellence * Media Contacts & Communications Resources Skip to main content [ ] Close Search Bar JSG CommunityAlumni & GivingRecruiters & CompaniesNewsEvents SearchMake a Gift * About + Mission & Vision + Leadership + Departments & Units + Offices + Contacts * Research + Research Themes + Programs & Centers + Laboratories & Facilities + Industry Collaborations + Find an Expert * Academics + Undergraduate + Graduate + Advising + Rankings + Student Research Opportunities + Student Organizations * Admissions + Undergraduate + Graduate * Outreach + Programs + For K-12 Students + For K-12 Teachers + For Everyone + People * People + JSG Directory + Find an Expert + Scientist Profiles + Postdoctoral Fellows Programs + Employment Opportunities + JSG Community Resources Menu * Home * News * North America is Dripping from... North America is Dripping from Below, Geoscientists Discover April 1, 2025 Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Figure4 NewA figure from the study showing rock dripping from the craton. The researchers hypothesize that the dripping is caused by the remnants of the subducting Farallon slab below the craton. Credit: Hua et al., Nature Geoscience. Researchers have discovered that the underside of the North American continent is dripping away in blobs of rock -- and that the remnants of a tectonic plate sinking in the Earth's mantle may be the reason why. A paper published in Nature Geoscience describes the phenomenon, which was discovered at The University of Texas at Austin. It's the first time that "cratonic thinning" may be captured in action. "We made the observation that there could be something beneath the craton," said the study's lead author Junlin Hua, who conducted the research during a postdoctoral fellowship at UT's Jackson School of Geosciences. "Luckily, we also got the new idea about what drives this thinning." Cratons are very old rocks that are part of Earth's continents. They're known for their stability and ability to persist for billions of years. But sometimes cratons undergo changes that can affect their stability or that remove entire rock layers. For example, the North China Craton lost its deepest root layer millions of years ago. What makes the discovery of cratonic dripping special, said the researchers, is that it's happening right now. This allows scientists to observe the cratonic thinning process as it occurs. The dripping is concentrated over the Midwest of the United States. There's no need to worry about the continent hollowing out or the dripping changing the landscape anytime soon, the researchers assure. The mantle processes driving the dripping can influence how tectonic plates evolve over time - but they're very slow going. What's more, the dripping is expected to eventually stop as the remnants of the tectonic plate sinks deeper into the mantle and its influence over the craton fades. The discovery is most important to geoscientists who study continents over their entire lifespan, said co-author Thorsten Becker, a professor at the Jackson School's Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Institute for Geophysics. "This sort of thing is important if we want to understand how a planet has evolved over a long time," Becker said. "It helps us understand how do you make continents, how do you break them, and how do you recycle them [into the Earth.]" The dripping discovery came out of a larger project led by Hua, who is now a professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, that created a new full-waveform seismic tomographic model for North America using an approach developed by co-author Stephen Grand, who is now a professor emeritus at the Jackson School, and his team. This computer model, which uses seismic data collected by the EarthScope project, revealed new details about the geologic processes happening in the crust and mantle underlying North America. Figure1Seismic waves pass through different geological features at different speeds. This map shows seismic speed in the Earth's crust at 200 kilometers depth across the continental United States and portions of Central America and Canada. The North American craton (outlined in black dashes) has a high seismic velocity compared to its surroundings. Credit: Hua et al., Nature Geoscience. "Because of the use of this full-waveform method, we have a better representation of that important zone between the deep mantle and the shallower lithosphere where we would expect to get clues on what's happening with the lithosphere," Becker said. This model brought the drips into view for the first time in this way. It also helped the researchers deduce that the Farallon Plate, an oceanic tectonic plate that has been subducting under North America for about the past 200 million years, could be driving the process despite being separated from the craton by about 600 kilometers. The plate, which was first seismically imaged in the 1990s by Grand, played an important role in shaping the North American plate. The researchers think that it is now wearing away at the continent from below by redirecting the flow of mantle material so that it shears the bottom of the craton and by releasing volatile compounds that weaken its base. Although the dripping is concentrated in one area of the craton, Hua said that the plate appears to be interacting with material from across the entire craton, which covers most of the United States and Canada. "A very broad range is experiencing some thinning," Hua said. When the researchers built a computer model of these dynamics, the model craton dripped when the Farallon Plate was present. When the plate was removed, the dripping stopped. Becker acknowledges that computer models have limitations. But the model's resemblance to the data is a good sign, he said. "You look at a model and say, 'Is it real, are we overinterpreting the data or is it telling us something new about the Earth?,'" Becker said. "But it does look like in many places that these blobs come and go, that it's [showing us] a real thing." The research was funded by the National Science Foundation and the Jackson School of Geosciences and involved colleagues at University of Hawai'i at Manoa, University of Nevada, Reno, and Southern University of Science and Technology. For more information, contact: Anton Caputo, Jackson School of Geosciences, 210-602-2085; Monica Kortsha, Jackson School of Geosciences, 512-471-2241; Constantino Panagopulos, University of Texas Institute for Geophysics. Tags: craton, Junlin, Solid Earth Tectonic Processes, Thorsten Becker * News * Media Releases * Dean's Office * Blogs * Scientist Profiles * Newsletter * The Geoscientist * Advancing Excellence * Media Contacts & Communications Resources Media Releases [Select Month ] X UT Jackson School of Geosciences Follow The World Needs Geoscientists. @utaustin college & three research units in one: @UTGeophysics, @Bureau3E, and the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. txgeosciences Retweet on Twitter UT Jackson School of Geosciences Retweeted utgeophysics University of Texas Institute for Geophysics @utgeophysics * 13 Feb FRIDAY: Oceans soak up a vast amount of greenhouse heat. At this week's #UTIGSeminars, Wenbo Wu @WHOI introduces a novel way to track the oceans' potential to absorb heat using seismic waves generated by rumbles in the Earth! Starts 10:30am CT. Abstract: https://ig.utexas.edu/utig-seminar-series/2025/ utig-seminar-series-wenbo-wu-whoi/ Reply on Twitter 1890130832716886435 Retweet on Twitter 1890130832716886435 1 Like on Twitter 1890130832716886435 1 Twitter 1890130832716886435 txgeosciences UT Jackson School of Geosciences @txgeosciences * 13 Feb In California, a record-wet winter helped alleviate a longstanding drought above the ground. But deeper recovery isn't so simple, according to recent research by the Jackson School's @ShujuanM. 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