https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15210 Change to arXiv's privacy policy The arXiv Privacy Policy has changed. By continuing to use arxiv.org, you are agreeing to the privacy policy. I Understand Skip to main content Cornell University We gratefully acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation, member institutions, and all contributors. Donate arxiv logo > cs > arXiv:2412.15210 [ ] Help | Advanced Search [All fields ] Search arXiv logo Cornell University Logo [ ] GO quick links * Login * Help Pages * About Computer Science > Data Structures and Algorithms arXiv:2412.15210 (cs) [Submitted on 19 Dec 2024] Title:Tokenisation is NP-Complete Authors:Philip Whittington, Gregor Bachmann, Tiago Pimentel View a PDF of the paper titled Tokenisation is NP-Complete, by Philip Whittington and 2 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:In this work, we prove the NP-completeness of two variants of tokenisation, defined as the problem of compressing a dataset to at most $\delta$ symbols by either finding a vocabulary directly (direct tokenisation), or selecting a sequence of merge operations (bottom-up tokenisation). Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS); Computation and Subjects: Language (cs.CL); Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL) Cite as: arXiv:2412.15210 [cs.DS] (or arXiv:2412.15210v1 [cs.DS] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.15210 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Tiago Pimentel [view email] [v1] Thu, 19 Dec 2024 18:59:46 UTC (47 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Tokenisation is NP-Complete, by Philip Whittington and 2 other authors * View PDF * HTML (experimental) * TeX Source * Other Formats license icon view license Current browse context: cs.DS < prev | next > new | recent | 2024-12 Change to browse by: cs cs.CL cs.FL References & Citations * NASA ADS * Google Scholar * Semantic Scholar a export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation x [loading... ] Data provided by: Bookmark BibSonomy logo Reddit logo (*) Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools [ ] Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) [ ] Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) [ ] Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) [ ] scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) ( ) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article [ ] alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) [ ] Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) [ ] DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) [ ] GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) [ ] Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) [ ] Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) [ ] ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) ( ) Demos Demos [ ] Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) [ ] Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) [ ] Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) ( ) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools [ ] Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) [ ] Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) * Author * Venue * Institution * Topic ( ) About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?) * About * Help * Click here to contact arXiv Contact * Click here to subscribe Subscribe * Copyright * Privacy Policy * Web Accessibility Assistance * arXiv Operational Status Get status notifications via email or slack