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Computer Science > Computation and Language

arXiv:2409.04701 (cs)
[Submitted on 7 Sep 2024]

Title:Late Chunking: Contextual Chunk Embeddings Using Long-Context
Embedding Models

Authors:Michael Gunther, Isabelle Mohr, Bo Wang, Han Xiao
View a PDF of the paper titled Late Chunking: Contextual Chunk
Embeddings Using Long-Context Embedding Models, by Michael G\"unther
and 3 other authors
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    Abstract:Many use cases require retrieving smaller portions of
    text, and dense vector-based retrieval systems often perform
    better with shorter text segments, as the semantics are less
    likely to be "over-compressed" in the embeddings. Consequently,
    practitioners often split text documents into smaller chunks and
    encode them separately. However, chunk embeddings created in this
    way can lose contextual information from surrounding chunks,
    resulting in suboptimal representations. In this paper, we
    introduce a novel method called "late chunking," which leverages
    long context embedding models to first embed all tokens of the
    long text, with chunking applied after the transformer model and
    just before mean pooling. The resulting chunk embeddings capture
    the full contextual information, leading to superior results
    across various retrieval tasks without the need for additional
    training. Moreover, our method is generic enough to be applied to
    any long-context embedding model.

Comments:    4 pages, early draft
Subjects:    Computation and Language (cs.CL); Information Retrieval
             (cs.IR)
MSC classes: 68T50
ACM classes: I.2.7
Cite as:     arXiv:2409.04701 [cs.CL]
             (or arXiv:2409.04701v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
             https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.04701
             Focus to learn more
             arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history

From: Han Xiao [view email]
[v1] Sat, 7 Sep 2024 03:54:46 UTC (268 KB)
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    View a PDF of the paper titled Late Chunking: Contextual Chunk
    Embeddings Using Long-Context Embedding Models, by Michael G\
    "unther and 3 other authors
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