https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/08/240815124156.htm Skip to main content ScienceDaily --------------------------------------------------------------------- Your source for the latest research news Follow: Facebook X/Twitter Subscribe: RSS Feeds Newsletter New! Sign up for our free email newsletter. Science News from research organizations --------------------------------------------------------------------- Cleaning up the aging brain: Scientists restore brain's trash disposal system Date: August 15, 2024 Source: University of Rochester Medical Center Summary: Scientists have restored the brain's waste-clearing process in aging mice, offering potential new treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's using existing drugs. Share: Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIN Email FULL STORY --------------------------------------------------------------------- Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other neurological disorders can be seen as "dirty brain" diseases, where the brain struggles to clear out harmful waste. Aging is a key risk factor because, as we grow older, our brain's ability to remove toxic buildup slows down. However, new research in mice demonstrates that it's possible to reverse age-related effects and restore the brain's waste-clearing process. "This research shows that restoring cervical lymph vessel function can substantially rescue the slower removal of waste from the brain associated with age," said Douglas Kelley, PhD, a professor of Mechanical Engineering in the University of Rochester Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. "Moreover, this was accomplished with a drug already being used clinically, offering a potential treatment strategy." Kelley is one of the lead authors of the study, which appears in the journal Nature Aging, along with Maiken Nedergaard, MD, DMSc, co-director the University's Center for Translational Neuromedicine. First described by Nedergaard and her colleagues in 2012, the glymphatic system is the brain's unique waste removal process that uses cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to wash away excess proteins generated by energy hungry neurons and other cells in the brain during normal activity. This discovery pointed the way for potential new approaches to treat diseases commonly associated with the accumulation of protein waste in the brain, such Alzheimer's (beta amyloid and tau) and Parkinson's (alpha-synuclein). In healthy and young brains, the glymphatic system does a good job of flushing away these toxic proteins, however, as we age, this system slows, setting the stage for these diseases. A network of tiny pumps draws waste from the brain Once laden with protein waste, CSF in the skull needs to make its way to the lymphatic system and ultimately the kidneys, where it is processed along with the body's other waste. The new research combines advanced imaging and particle tracking techniques to describe for the first time in detail the route via the cervical lymph vessels in the neck through which half of dirty CSF exits the brain. In addition to measuring the flow of CSF, the researchers were able observe and record the pulsing of lymph vessels in the neck that helps draw CSF out of the brain. "Unlike the cardiovascular system which has one big pump, the heart, fluid in the lymphatic system is instead transported by a network of tiny pumps," said Kelley. These microscopic pumps, called lymphangions, have valves to prevent backflow and are strung together, one after another, to form lymph vessels. The researchers found that as the mice aged, the frequency of contractions decreased, and the valves failed. As a result, the speed of dirty CSF flowing out of the brains of older mice was 63 percent slower compared to younger animals. Known drug restarts flow of brain cleaning fluids The team then set out to see if they could revive the lymphangions and identified a drug called prostaglandin F2a, a hormone-like compound commonly used medically to induce labor and known to aid smooth muscle contraction. The lymphangions are lined with smooth muscle cells, and when the researchers applied the drug to the cervical lymph vessels in older mice, the frequency of contractions and the flow of dirty CSF from the brain both increased, returning to a level of efficiency found in younger mice. "These vessels are conveniently located near the surface of the skin, we know they are important, and we now know how to accelerate function," said Kelley. "One can see how this approach, perhaps combined with other interventions, could be the basis for future therapies for these diseases." Additional contributors to the study include first authors Ting Du, Aditya Raghunandan, and Humberto Mestre, and Virginia Pla, Guojun Liu, Antonio Ladron-de-Guevara, Evan Newbold, Paul Tobin, Daniel Gahn-Martinez, Saurav Pattanayak, Qinwen Huang, and Weiguo Peng with the University of Rochester. The research was supported with funding from National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the Lundbeck Foundation, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Human Frontier Science Program, the Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation, the Simons Foundation, the EU Joint Programme -- Neurodegenerative Disease Research, the US Army Research Office, the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, and the BRAIN Initiative. * RELATED TOPICS + Health & Medicine o Brain Tumor o Nervous System o Diseases and Conditions o Psychology Research + Mind & Brain o Brain-Computer Interfaces o Brain Injury o Neuroscience o Dementia * RELATED TERMS + Deep brain stimulation + Antiretroviral drug + Calorie restricted diet + Alzheimer's disease + Excitotoxicity and cell damage + Psychedelic drug + Dementia with Lewy bodies + Urinary incontinence --------------------------------------------------------------------- Story Source: Materials provided by University of Rochester Medical Center. Original written by Mark Michaud. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Journal Reference: 1. Ting Du, Aditya Raghunandan, Humberto Mestre, Virginia Pla, Guojun Liu, Antonio Ladron-de-Guevara, Evan Newbold, Paul Tobin, Daniel Gahn-Martinez, Saurav Pattanayak, Qinwen Huang, Weiguo Peng, Maiken Nedergaard, Douglas H. Kelley. Restoration of cervical lymphatic vessel function in aging rescues cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Nature Aging, 2024; DOI: 10.1038/ s43587-024-00691-3 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Cite This Page: * MLA * APA * Chicago University of Rochester Medical Center. "Cleaning up the aging brain: Scientists restore brain's trash disposal system." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 15 August 2024. . University of Rochester Medical Center. (2024, August 15). Cleaning up the aging brain: Scientists restore brain's trash disposal system. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 15, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/ releases/2024/08/240815124156.htm University of Rochester Medical Center. 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