https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.11150 Skip to main content Cornell University We gratefully acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation, member institutions, and all contributors. Donate arxiv logo > gr-qc > arXiv:2402.11150 [ ] Help | Advanced Search [All fields ] Search arXiv logo Cornell University Logo [ ] GO quick links * Login * Help Pages * About General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology arXiv:2402.11150 (gr-qc) [Submitted on 17 Feb 2024] Title:A Relativistic Framework to Establish Coordinate Time on the Moon and Beyond Authors:Neil Ashby, Bijunath Patla View a PDF of the paper titled A Relativistic Framework to Establish Coordinate Time on the Moon and Beyond, by Neil Ashby and Bijunath Patla View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:As humanity aspires to explore the solar system and investigate distant worlds such as the Moon, Mars, and beyond, there is a growing need to establish and broaden coordinate time references that depend on the rate of standard clocks. According to Einstein's theory of relativity, the rate of a standard clock is influenced by the gravitational potential at the location of the clock and the relative motion of the clock. A coordinate time reference is established by a grid of synchronized clocks traceable to an ideal clock at a predetermined point in space. This allows for the comparison of local time variations of clocks due to gravitational and kinematic effects. We present a relativistic framework to introduce a coordinate time for the Moon. This framework also establishes a relationship between the coordinate times for the Moon and the Earth as determined by standard clocks located on the Earth's geoid and the Moon's equator. A clock near the Moon's equator ticks faster than one near the Earth's equator, accumulating an extra 56.02 microseconds per day over the duration of a lunar orbit. This formalism is then used to compute the clock rates at Earth-Moon Lagrange points. Accurate estimation of the rate differences of coordinate times across celestial bodies and their inter-comparisons using clocks onboard orbiters at relatively stable Lagrange points as time transfer links is crucial for establishing reliable communications infrastructure. This understanding also underpins precise navigation in cislunar space and on celestial bodies' surfaces, thus playing a pivotal role in ensuring the interoperability of various position, navigation, and timing (PNT) systems spanning from Earth to the Moon and to the farthest regions of the inner solar system. Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) Cite as: arXiv:2402.11150 [gr-qc] (or arXiv:2402.11150v1 [gr-qc] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.11150 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Neil Ashby [view email] [v1] Sat, 17 Feb 2024 00:33:58 UTC (670 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled A Relativistic Framework to Establish Coordinate Time on the Moon and Beyond, by Neil Ashby and Bijunath Patla * View PDF * HTML (experimental) * TeX Source * Other Formats license icon view license Current browse context: gr-qc < prev | next > new | recent | 2024-02 References & Citations * INSPIRE HEP * NASA ADS * Google Scholar * Semantic Scholar a export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation x [loading... ] Data provided by: Bookmark BibSonomy logo Reddit logo (*) Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools [ ] Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) [ ] Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) [ ] scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) ( ) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article [ ] Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) [ ] DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) [ ] GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) [ ] Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) [ ] ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) ( ) Demos Demos [ ] Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) [ ] Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) [ ] Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) ( ) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools [ ] Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) [ ] Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) [ ] Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) [ ] IArxiv recommender toggle IArxiv Recommender (What is IArxiv?) * Author * Venue * Institution * Topic ( ) About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?) * About * Help * Click here to contact arXiv Contact * Click here to subscribe Subscribe * Copyright * Privacy Policy * Web Accessibility Assistance * arXiv Operational Status Get status notifications via email or slack