https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Alamos_chess Jump to content [ ] Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation * Main page * Contents * Current events * Random article * About Wikipedia * Contact us * Donate Contribute * Help * Learn to edit * Community portal * Recent changes * Upload file [wikipe] Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia Search [ ] Search * Create account * Log in [ ] Personal tools * Create account * Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more * Contributions * Talk Contents move to sidebar hide * (Top) * 1Game rules * 2Los Alamos trials Toggle Los Alamos trials subsection + 2.1The second game + 2.2The third game * 3References * 4External links [ ] Toggle the table of contents Los Alamos chess [ ] 8 languages * l`rby@ * Ellenika * Espanol * k`art`uli * Portugues * Russkii * Turkce * Zhong Wen Edit links * Article * Talk [ ] English * Read * Edit * View history [ ] Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions * Read * Edit * View history General * What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Page information * Cite this page * Get shortened URL * Download QR code * Wikidata item Print/export * Download as PDF * Printable version From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Chess variant played on a 6x6 board without bishops a b c d e f 6 a6 black b6 black c6 black d6 black e6 black f6 black 6 rook knight queen king knight rook 5 a5 black b5 black c5 black d5 black e5 black f5 black 5 pawn pawn pawn pawn pawn pawn 4 a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 4 3 a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 3 2 a2 white b2 white c2 white d2 white e2 white f2 white 2 pawn pawn pawn pawn pawn pawn 1 a1 white b1 white c1 white d1 white e1 white f1 white 1 rook knight queen king knight rook a b c d e f Los Alamos chess setup Los Alamos chess (or anti-clerical chess^[1]) is a chess variant played on a 6x6 board without bishops. This was the first chess-like game played by a computer program. This program was written at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory by Paul Stein and Mark Wells for the MANIAC I computer^[2] in 1956. The reduction of the board size and the number of pieces from standard chess was due to the very limited capacity of computers at the time. The computer still needed about 20 minutes between moves. The program was very simple, containing only about 600 instructions. It was mostly a minimax tree search and could look four plies ahead. For scoring the board at the end of the four-ply lookahead, it estimates a score for material and a score for mobility, then adds them. Pseudocode for the chess program is described in Figure 11.4 of Newell, 2019.^[3] In 1958, a revised version was written for MANIAC II for full 8x8 chess, though its pseudocode was never published. There is a record of a single game by it, circa November 1958 (Table 11.2 of Newell, 2019^[3]). Game rules[edit] [220px-Paul_Stein_and_Nicholas_]Paul Stein and Nicholas Metropolis play Los Alamos chess against the MANIAC. The starting position is illustrated. All rules are as in chess except: * There is no pawn double-step move, nor is there the en passant capture; * Pawns may not be promoted to bishops; * There is no castling. Los Alamos trials[edit] This section uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. The computer played three games. The first was played against itself. The second one was against a strong human player, who played without a queen. The human player won. In the third game, MANIAC I played against a laboratory assistant who had been taught the rules of chess in the preceding week specifically for the game. The computer won, marking the first time that a computer had beaten a human player in a chess-like game.^[2]^[4] The second game[edit] a b c d e f 6 a6 black b6 black c6 black d6 black e6 black f6 black 6 rook knight queen king knight rook 5 a5 black b5 black c5 black d5 black e5 black f5 black 5 pawn pawn pawn pawn pawn pawn 4 a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 4 3 a3 b3 c3 d3 white e3 f3 3 pawn 2 a2 white b2 white c2 white d2 e2 white f2 white 2 pawn pawn pawn pawn pawn 1 a1 white b1 white c1 d1 white e1 white f1 white 1 rook knight king knight rook a b c d e f Game II after opening move. White plays without a queen. White: Martin Kruskal Black: MANIAC I 1. d3 Na4 2. b3 Nb6 3. c3 d4 4. c4 bxc4 5. dxc4 a4 6. Na3 e4 7. Kd2 Ke5 8. f3 e3+ 9. Kc2 axb3+ 10. axb3 Nf4 11. Nd3+ Nxd3 12. Kxd3 Kf4 13. Kc2 Ra5 14. Kb2 Re6 15. Rfd1 Re5 16. Nc2 Rxa1 17. Kxa1 Re6 18. Kb2 Re5 19. Ne1 Qe4 20. fxe4 fxe4 21. Kc2 d3+ 22. exd3 e2 23. Ra1 Re6 24. Ra5 exd3+ 25. Kd2 Re4 26. Rxc5 Re6 27. Nxd3+ Ke4 28. Kxe2 Kd4+ 29. Re5 Rxe5+ 30. Nxe5 Kc5 31. Kd3 Kb4 32. Kd4 Nxc4 33. bxc4 Kb3 34. c5 Kb4 35. c6=Q Kb3 36. Nd3 Ka2 37. Qc3 Kb1 38. Qb2# 1-0^[5] The third game[edit] a b c d e f 6 a6 b6 c6 black d6 e6 f6 6 king 5 a5 b5 c5 black d5 e5 white f5 5 knight knight 4 a4 black b4 c4 black d4 white e4 f4 black 4 rook pawn queen pawn 3 a3 b3 c3 black d3 white e3 f3 3 pawn pawn 2 a2 b2 c2 white d2 e2 white f2 2 pawn pawn 1 a1 b1 white c1 d1 white e1 f1 white 1 rook king rook a b c d e f Game III final position after 23.Ne5# White: MANIAC I Black: Beginner 1.d3 b4 2.Nf3 d4 3.b3 e4 4.Ne1 a4 5.bxa4 Nxa4 6.Kd2 Nc3 7.Nxc3 bxc3+ 8.Kd1 f4 9.a3 Rb6 10.a4 Ra6 11.a5 Kd5 12.Qa3 Qb5 13.Qa2+ Ke5 14.Rb1 Rxa5 15.Rxb5 Rxa2 16.Rb1 Ra5 17.f3 Ra4 18.fxe4 c4 19.Nf3+ Kd6 20.e5+ Kd5 21.exf6=Q Nc5 22.Qxd4+ Kc6 23.Ne5# 1-0^[2] References[edit] 1. ^ Anderson, Herbert L. (Fall 1986). "Metropolis, Monte Carlo, and the MANIAC" (PDF). Los Alamos Science: 104-105. 2. ^ ^a ^b ^c Pritchard, D. B. (1994). "Los Alamos Chess". The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants. Games & Puzzles Publications. pp. 175-76. ISBN 0-9524142-0-1. 3. ^ ^a ^b Newell, Allen; Simon, Herbert Alexander (2019). Human problem solving. Brattleboro, Vermont: Echo Point Books & Media. ISBN 978-1-63561-792-4. 4. ^ Pritchard, D. B. (2007). "Los Alamos Chess". In Beasley, John (ed.). The Classified Encyclopedia of Chess Variants. John Beasley. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-9555168-0-1. 5. ^ Stein, P.; Ulam, S. (January 1957). "Experiments in Chess on Electronic Computing Machines" (PDF). Chess Review: 13-17. External links[edit] * Los Alamos Chess by Hans L. Bodlaender, The Chess Variant Pages * Los Alamos Vierschach by Jorg Knappen, The Chess Variant Pages * A short history of computer chess by Frederic Friedel * BrainKing.com - internet server to play Los Alamos chess. * v * t * e Chess variants (list) * Fischer random chess Different starting * Displacement chess position * Transcendental chess Different number of * Dunsany's chess pieces * Handicap * Balbo's game * Circular chess * Cylinder chess Orthodox rules * Double chess * Grid chess * Hexagonal chess (Cross chess, Unorthodox board Masonic chess) * Infinite chess * Millennium 3D chess * Minichess (Los Alamos chess) * Rhombic chess * Spherical chess * Three-dimensional chess * Triangular chess * Andernach chess * Atomic chess * Beirut chess * Checkless chess * Chessplus * Circe chess * Crazyhouse * Cubic chess * Dynamo chess * Extinction chess Standard * Hostage chess 8x8 board * Knight relay chess * Legan chess * Losing chess * Madrasi chess * Monochromatic chess * Patrol chess * PlunderChess * Portal chess * Progressive chess * Three-check chess * Way of the Knight Unorthodox rules with * Avalanche chess traditional * Kung-Fu Chess pieces Multimove * Marseillais chess variants * Monster chess * Progressive chess * Dark chess * Dice chess Elements of * Knightmare Chess chance * Kriegspiel * Penultima * Alice chess * Apocalypse * Chad * Chessence Unorthodox rules * Congo on * Diplomat chess an unorthodox * Dragonfly board * Jeson Mor * Parallel worlds chess * Rollerball * 5D Chess with Multiverse Time Travel * Baroque * Berolina * Chakra * Chess with different armies Standard 8x8 board * Duell * Falcon-hunter chess * Grasshopper chess * Musketeer chess * Pocket mutation chess * Almost chess * Capablanca chess * Capablanca random chess * Chancellor chess * Embassy chess Unorthodox Compound pieces * Grand Chess rules using * Janus Chess non-traditional * Maharajah and the Sepoys pieces * Modern chess * Seirawan chess * Tutti-frutti chess * Chesquerque * Chess on a really big board * Courier-Spiel * Dragonchess Unorthodox * Gess boards and pieces * Omega Chess * Stratomic * Dekle's triangular chess * 2000 A.D. * Wildebeest chess * Wolf chess * Bosworth * Bughouse chess * Business chess * Djambi * Duchess * Enochian chess * Forchess * Fortress chess Multiplayer * Four Fronts * Four-player chess * Gala * Hand and brain * Quatrochess * Three-man chess * Three-player chess * Tri-chess * Arimaa * Jetan Inspired games * Martian chess * Navia Dratp * The Duke * Chadarangam * Chaturaji * Chaturanga * Courier chess Historical * Grant Acedrex * Shatranj * Short assize * Tamerlane chess * Janggi + variants * Makruk * Senterej Chess-related * Shatar games * Shogi + Chu shogi + Dai shogi Regional + Other variants * Sittuyin * Xiangqi + Jungle + Banqi + Manchu chess + Game of the Three Kingdoms + Game of the Three Friends + Game of the Seven Kingdoms + Other variants * ChessV * Fairy-Max Software * XBoard * Zillions of Games * Correspondence chess * Fairy chess Related * Fairy chess piece * Fairy Chess Review * The Chess Variant Pages * Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Los_Alamos_chess&oldid=1216925127" Categories: * Chess variants * Computer chess * 1956 in chess * Board games introduced in 1956 Hidden categories: * Articles with short description * Short description matches Wikidata * This page was last edited on 2 April 2024, at 19:43 (UTC). * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0 ; additional terms may apply. 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