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How researchers used NYC buildings to measure the 1925 solar eclipse
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[INS::INS]
How researchers used NYC buildings to measure the 1925 solar eclipse
By Michelle Cohen
August 21, 2017
How researchers used NYC buildings to measure the 1925 solar eclipse
Postmaster General Harry Stewart New watches the solar eclipse of
January 24, 1925, shielding his eyes with a photographic plate.
Image: Wikimedia commons
During a total solar eclipse that occurred in 1925 in Manhattan,
according to Space.com, "the streetlights turned on, three women
fainted, vendors sold smoked glass while exhorting passersby to 'save
your eyes for 10 cents' and seagulls landed in the water, assuming it
was night." Though today's eclipse will be only a partial version for
New Yorkers, we know enough about the moon's orbit to accurately
predict an eclipse's timing as narrowly as a city block's distance.
At the time, though-long before anyone had landed on the moon,
observing and measuring the shadow as it moved over the Earth
provided important information on the moon's size, shape and path.
[1925-eclipse-ny-times-headline]
Image: GreatAmericanEclipse.com
The 1925 eclipse, in typical New York fashion, was fashionably late,
a fact which made the cover of The New York Times. "The moon was
unpunctual, as well as careless of its route," according to the Times
article, "It was about four seconds late in blotting out the sun."
Watchers in Manhattan just above 96th Street on Jan. 24, 1925 got an
eyeful as researchers scrambled to take measurements of the event.
[Photographing_1925_Solar_Eclipse]
Dr Sam M. Burka (left), a physicist at McCook Field, Ohio and Lt.
George W. Goddard prepare for photographing of solar eclipse 24
January 1925 by the United States Army Air Service. Image: Wikimedia
Commons
Twenty-five planes took measurements from the air, a dirigible
hovered 8,000 feet above Long Island and 149 observers on foot lined
Upper Manhattan block by block to document the sun's exact southern
limit; cameras outnumbered people at every turn.
So great was the imperative to record the celestial event that even
the most ad hoc efforts resembled military maneuvers. One study done
by New York's electric companies sent 149 observers to rooftops and
bridges. The watchers were divided into groups of two and three
stationed along 135th Street on Manhattan's West Side. Within the
groups, one person would watch for the moon's incoming shadow while
another noted whether the sun was totally covered by the moon.
The shadow watchers had an impossible task: The shadow travels at an
average of 2,300 mph and is hard to quantify. Everyone above 96th
Street saw the moon completely covering the disk of the sun, though
no one below 96th street was able to do so. That experience
represented a victory in measurement: The eclipse's southern border
could be pinpointed to within 225 feet, or the distance between 230
Riverside Drive and 240 Riverside Drive. The shadow's border was
literally caught between two buildings, each on its own city block.
The New York Edison Company's team also measured the city's use of
electrical power during the eclipse. As predicted, power use rose
during the few minutes of darkness, but use was lower in some places
because many industries were shuttered for the morning.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7XPjfCaltw
Today's eclipse could be the most-watched in history according to
NASA, and we still have a lot to learn, so amateurs and professionals
will get another rare chance to work together to gather more data on
the moon's moves. And cameras will definitely outnumber people (most
of whom have at least one on their person at all times as it is).
Observation projects include the University of California and
Google's Eclipse Megamovie project and another by the International
Occultation Timing Organization who have called for volunteers to
document the event.
[Via Space.com]
RELATED:
* MOON lamp uses NASA-sourced data to replicate lunar phases in
your living room
* Star Power: Celestial ceilings and zodiac symbols in New York
architecture
* John Jeffries is considered America's first weatherman
* An architect's 1969 nuclear shelter plan shows a mini-Manhattan
built thousands of feet underground
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