https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thousand_Character_Classic Jump to content [ ] Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation * Main page * Contents * Current events * Random article * About Wikipedia * Contact us * Donate Contribute * Help * Learn to edit * Community portal * Recent changes * Upload file [wikipe] Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia Search [ ] Search * Create account * Log in [ ] Personal tools * Create account * Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more * Contributions * Talk Contents move to sidebar hide * (Top) * 1History * 2Japan * 3Korea * 4Vietnam * 5Manchu texts * 6Text variants * 7Text * 8See also Toggle See also subsection + 8.1Similar poems in other languages * 9References * 10Bibliography * 11External links [ ] Toggle the table of contents Thousand Character Classic [ ] 21 languages * Asturianu * Ban-lam-gu * Catala * Cestina * Deutsch * Espanol * Francais * Ke Jia Yu /Hak-ka-ngi * hangugeo * Min Dong Yu / Ming-deng-ngu * Nederlands * nepaalii * Ri Ben Yu * Russkii * Turkce * Ukrayins'ka * Tieng Viet * Wen Yan * Wu Yu * Yue Yu * Zhong Wen Edit links * Article * Talk [ ] English * Read * Edit * View history [ ] Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions * Read * Edit * View history General * What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Page information * Cite this page * Get shortened URL * Download QR code * Wikidata item Print/export * Download as PDF * Printable version In other projects * Wikimedia Commons From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Chinese educational poem that uses exactly 1,000 characters, each appearing once Thousand Character Classic [220px-An_Authentic_Thousand_Ch] A calligraphic work titled An Authentic "Thousand Character Classic", Song dynasty Chinese name Chinese Qian Zi Wen Hanyu Pinyin Qianzi Wen Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Qianzi Wen Bopomofo QIAN Z\ UEN/ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Chiantzyh Wen Wade-Giles Ch`ien^1 Tzu^4 Wen^2 Yale Romanization Chyandz Wen IPA [tckjen.tsr w@n] Wu Romanization Tshie zy ven Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Chinjih Mahn Jyutping Cin1zi6 Man4 IPA [tski:n.tsi: man] Southern Min Hokkien POJ Chhian-ji-bun Tai-lo Tshian-ji-bun Middle Chinese Middle Chinese tsken dzi^H miun Vietnamese name Vietnamese alphabet Thien tu van Chu Han Qian Zi Wen Korean name Hangul ceonjamun Hanja Qian Zi Wen Transcriptions Revised Romanization Cheonjamun McCune-Reischauer Ch'onjamun Japanese name Kanji Qian Zi Wen Kana senzimon Transcriptions Romanization Senjimon [220px-Classique_mille_carac]Thousand Character Classic used as style dictionary : each character is given in different styles in each column Japanese book of 1756 The Thousand Character Classic (Chinese: Qian Zi Wen ; pinyin: Qianzi Wen), also known as the Thousand Character Text, is a Chinese poem that has been used as a primer for teaching Chinese characters to children from the sixth century onward. It contains exactly one thousand characters, each used only once, arranged into 250 lines of four characters apiece and grouped into four line rhyming stanzas to make it easy to memorize. It is sung, much as children learning the Latin alphabet sing an "alphabet song." Along with the Three Character Classic and the Hundred Family Surnames, it has formed the basis of literacy training in traditional China. The first line is Tian di xuan huang (traditional Chinese: Tian Di Xuan Huang ; simplified Chinese: Tian Di Xuan Huang ; pinyin: Tiandi xuan huang; Jyutping: tin1 dei6 jyun4 wong4; lit. 'Heaven and Earth Dark and Yellow') and the last line, Yan zai hu ye (Yan Zai Hu Ye ; Yan zai hu ye; yin1 zoi1 fu4 jaa5) explains the use of the grammatical particles "yan", "zai", "hu", and "ye".^[1] History[edit] There are several stories of the work's origin. One says that Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty (r. 502-549) commissioned Zhou Xingsi (traditional Chinese: Zhou Xing Si ; simplified Chinese: Zhou Xing Si ; pinyin: Zhou Xingsi, 470-521) to compose this poem for his prince to practice calligraphy. Another says that the emperor commanded Wang Xizhi, a noted calligrapher, to write out one thousand characters and give them to Zhou as a challenge to make into an ode. Another story is that the emperor commanded his princes and court officers to compose essays and ordered another minister to copy them on a thousand slips of paper, which became mixed and scrambled. Zhou was given the task of restoring these slips to their original order. He worked so intensely to finish doing so overnight that his hair turned completely white.^[2] The Thousand Character Classic is understood to be one of the most widely read texts in China in the first millennium.^[3] The popularity of the book in the Tang dynasty is shown by the fact that there were some 32 copies found in the Dunhuang archaeological excavations. By the Song dynasty, since all literate people could be assumed to have memorized the text, the order of its characters was used to put documents in sequence in the same way that alphabetical order is used in alphabetic languages.^[4]. The Buddhist Uyghur Kingdom of Qocho used the thousand character classic and the Qieyun and it was written that "In Qocho city were more than fifty monasteries, all titles of which are granted by the emperors of the Tang dynasty, which keep many Buddhist texts as Tripitaka, Tangyun, Yupuan, Jingyin etc."^[5] In the dynasties following the Song, the Three Character Classic, Hundred Family Surnames, and 1,000 Character Classic came to be known collectively as San Bai Qian (Three, Hundred, Thousand), from the first character in their titles. They were the almost universal introductory literacy texts for students, almost exclusively boys, from elite backgrounds and even for a number of ordinary villagers. Each was available in many versions, printed cheaply, and available to all since they did not become superseded. When a student had memorized all three, he could recognize and pronounce, though not necessarily write or understand the meaning of, roughly 2,000 characters (there was some duplication among the texts). Since Chinese did not use an alphabet, this was an effective, albeit time-consuming, way of giving a "crash course" in character recognition before going on to understanding texts and writing characters.^[6] During the Song dynasty, the noted neo-Confucianism scholar Zhu Xi, inspired by the three classics, wrote Xiaoxue or Elementary Learning^ [citation needed]. Japan[edit] Wani, a semi-legendary Chinese-Baekje scholar,^[7] is said to have translated the Thousand Character Classic to Japanese along with 10 books of the Analects of Confucius during the reign of Emperor Ojin (r. 370?-410?). However, this alleged event precedes the composition of the Thousand Character Classic. This makes many assume that the event is simply fiction, but some^[who?] believe it to be based in fact, perhaps using a different version of the Thousand Character Classic. Korea[edit] The Thousand Character Classic has been used as a primer for learning Chinese characters for many centuries. It is uncertain when the Thousand Character Classic was introduced to Korea. The book is noted as a principal force--along with the introduction of Buddhism into Korea--behind the introduction of Chinese characters into the Korean language. Hanja was the sole means of writing Korean until the Hangul script was created under the direction of King Sejong the Great in the 15th century; however, even after the invention of Hangul, most Korean scholars continued to write in Hanja until the late 19th century. The Thousand Character Classic's use as a writing primer for children began in 1583, when King Seonjo ordered Han Ho (1544-1605) to carve the text into wooden printing blocks. Forty-four legends from Cheon (heaven) to Su (water) among Thousand Character Classic were inscribed one by one on the reverse of Sangpyung Tongbo (a Joseon Dynasty Korean coin). The Thousand Character Classic has its own form in representing the Chinese characters. For each character, the text shows its meaning ( Korean Hanja: Xun ; saegim or hun) and sound (Korean Hanja: Yin ; eum). The vocabulary to represent the saegim has remained unchanged in every edition, despite the natural evolution of the Korean language since then. However, in the editions Gwangju Thousand Character Classic and Seokbong Thousand Character Classic, both written in the 16th century, there are a number of different meanings expressed for the same character. The types of changes of saegims in Seokbong Thousand Character Classic into those in Gwangju Thousand Character Classic fall roughly under the following categories: 1. Definitions turned more generalized or more concrete when semantic scope of each character had been changed 2. Former definitions were replaced by synonyms 3. Parts of speech in the definitions were changed From these changes, replacements between native Korean and Sino-Korean can be found. Generally, "rare saegim vocabularies" are presumed to be pre-16th century, for it is thought that they may be a fossilized form of native Korean vocabulary or affected by the influence of a regional dialect in Jeolla Province. South Korean senior scholar, Daesan Kim Seok-jin (Korean Hangul: daesan gimseogjin), expressed the significance of Thousand Character Classic by contrasting the Western concrete science and the Asian metaphysics and origin-oriented thinking in which "it is the collected poems of nature of cosmos and reasons behind human life".^[8] The first 44 characters of the Thousand Character Classic were used on the reverse sides of some Sangpyeong Tongbo cash coins of the Korean mun currency to indicate furnace or "series" numbers.^[9] Vietnam[edit] [220px-FirstSecondPageofThienTu]The Vietnamese version of the Thousand Character Classic changed to the Vietnamese verse form luc bat, annotated with chu Nom. There is a version of Thousand Character Classic that was changed to the Vietnamese luc bat (chu Han: Liu Ba ) verse form. The text itself is called Thien tu van giai am (chu Han: Qian Zi Wen Jie Yin ), and it was published in 1890 by Quan Van Duong (chu Han: Guan Wen Tang ). The text is annotated with chu Nom characters, for example, the character Di is annotated with its chu Nom equivalent Tan . Because it was changed to the luc bat verse form, many characters are changed such as in the first line,^[10] First two lines of Thien tu van giai am Qian Zi Wen Jie Yin Original Vietnamese Vietnamese Vietnamese alphabet text transliteration text Tian Di Xuan Huang Thien dia huyen Tian Di Tan Yun Thien troi dia dat van hoang may Yu Zhou Hong Huang Vu tru hong hoang Yu Mei Feng Zhou Vu mua phong gio tru Ye ngay da dem Thousand Character Classic shown in Ri Yong Chang Tan Nhat dung thuong dam (Zi Ti Quan Shu Tu the toan thu) [150px-Thi] [150px-Thi] [150px-Thi] [150px-Thi] [150px-Thi] [150px-Thi] Manchu texts[edit] Several different Manchu texts of the Thousand Character Classic are known today. They all use the Manchu script to transcribe Chinese characters. They are utilized in research on Chinese phonology. The Man han ciyan dzi wen (simplified Chinese: Man Yi Qian Zi Wen ; traditional Chinese: Man Han Qian Zi Wen ; pinyin: Man han qian zi wen; Jyutping: mun5 hon3 cin1 zi6 man4) written by Chen Qiliang (simplified Chinese: Chen Qi Liang ; traditional Chinese: Chen Qi Liang ; pinyin: Chenqiliang; Jyutping: cam4 kai2 loeng6), contains Chinese text and Manchu phonetic transcription. This version was published during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor.^[11] Another text, the Qing Shu Qian Zi Wen (simplified Chinese: Qing Shu Qian Zi Wen ; traditional Chinese: Qing Shu Qian Zi Wen ; pinyin: Qingshu qian zi wen; Jyutping: cing1 syu1 cin1 zi6 man4) by You Zhen (Chinese: You Zhen ; pinyin: You Zhen; Jyutping: jau4 zan1), was published in 1685 as a supplement to the Baiti Qing Wen (simplified Chinese: Bai Ti Qing Wen ; traditional Chinese: Bai Ti Qing Wen ; pinyin: Bai ti qingwen; Jyutping: baak3 tai2 cing1 man4). It provides Manchu transcription without original Chinese. It is known for being referred to by Japanese scholar Ogyu Sorai for Manchu studies as early as the 18th century.^ [12] The undated ciyan dzi wen which is owned by the Bibliotheque nationale de France is a variant of the Qing Shu Qian Zi Wen. It is believed to have been used by the translation office of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. It contains Hangul transcription for both Manchu and Chinese.^[13] It is valuable to the study of Manchu phonology. Text variants[edit] The text of the Qianzi Wen is not available in an authoritative, standardized version. Comparison of various manuscript, printed and electronic editions shows that these do not all contain exactly the same 1,000 characters. In many cases the differences concern just small graphic variations (for example character no. 4, Huang or Huang , both huang "yellow"). In other cases variant characters are quite different, although still associated with the same pronunciation and meaning (for example character no. 123, Yi or Yi , both yi "one"). In a few cases, variant characters represent different pronunciations and meanings (for example character no. 132, Zhu zhu "bamboo" or Shu shu "tree"). These textual variants are not noted or discussed in any existing edition of the text in a western language. In fact, even the text appended to this article differs from the text presented in Wikisource in 25 places (nos. 123 Yi /Yi , 132 Zhu /Shu , 428 Yu /Yu , 438 Cai /Cai , 479 Qun /Qun , 482 Gao /Gao , 554 Hui /Hui , 617 Yue /Yue , 619 Tai /Heng , 643 Mian / Mian , 645 Yan /Yan /, 693 Jian /Jian , 733 Chen /Chen /, 767 Zao /Zao , 776 Yao /Yao , 787 Wan / Wan , 803 Can /Can , 846 Sun /Sun , 849 Xian /Xian , 852 Yan /Yan , 854 Bei /Bei , 881 Jian /Jian , 953 Xuan /Xuan , 980 Zhuang /Zhuang ). A critical text edition of the Qianzi Wen, based upon the best manuscript and printed sources, has not yet been attempted. Text[edit] 1 3 4 5 6 7 Tian Di Xuan Huang , Gai Ci Shen Fa , Du Yi Hua Xia , Zhi Ben Yu Nong , Dan Du Wan Shi , Bu She Liao Wan , Yu Zhou Hong Huang . Si Da Wu Chang . Dong Xi Er Jing . Wu Zi Jia Se . Yu Mu Nang Xiang . Ji Qin Ruan Xiao . Ri Yue Ying Ze , Gong Wei Ju Yang , Bei Mang Mian Luo , Chu Zai Nan Mu , Yi You You Wei , Tian Bi Lun Zhi , Chen Su Lie Zhang . Qi Gan Hui Shang . Fu Wei Ju Jing . Wo Yi Shu Ji . Shu Er Yuan Qiang . Jun Qiao Ren Diao . Han Lai Shu Wang , Nu Mu Zhen Xie , Gong Dian Pan Yu , Shui Shou Gong Xin , Ju Shan Can Fan , Shi Fen Li Su , Qiu Shou Dong Cang . Nan Xiao Cai Liang . Lou Guan Fei Jing . Quan Shang Chu Zhi . Shi Kou Chong Chang . Bing Jie Jia Miao . Run Yu Cheng Sui , Zhi Guo Bi Gai , Tu Xie Qin Shou , Meng Ke Dun Su , Bao Yu Peng Zai , Mao Shi Shu Zi , Lu Lu Diao Yang . De Neng Mo Wang . Hua Cai Xian Ling . Shi Yu Bing Zhi . Ji Yan Zao Kang . Gong Pin Yan Xiao . Yun Teng Zhi Yu , Wang Tan Bi Duan , Bing She Bang Qi , Shu Ji Zhong Yong , Qin Qi Gu Jiu , Nian Shi Mei Cui , Lu Jie Wei Shuang . Mi Shi Ji Chang . Jia Zhang Dui Ying . Lao Qian Jin Chi . Lao Shao Yi Liang . Xi Hui Lang Yao . Jin Sheng Li Shui , Xin Shi Ke Fu , Si Yan She Xi , Ling Yin Cha Li , Qie Yu Ji Fang , Xuan Ji Xuan Wo , Yu Chu Kun Gang . Qi Yu Nan Liang . Gu Se Chui Sheng . Jian Mao Bian Se . Shi Jin Wei Fang . Hui Po Huan Zhao . Jian Hao Ju Que , Mo Bei Si Ran , Sheng Jie Na Bi , Yi Jue Jia You , Wan Shan Yuan Jie , Zhi Xin Xiu Hu , Zhu Cheng Ye Guang . Shi Zan Gao Yang . Bian Zhuan Yi Xing . Mian Qi Zhi Zhi . Yin Zhu Wei Huang . Yong Sui Ji Shao . Guo Zhen Li Nai , Jing Xing Wei Xian , You Tong Guang Nei , Sheng Gong Ji Jie , Zhou Mian Xi Mei , Ju Bu Yin Ling , Cai Zhong Jie Jiang . Ke Nian Zuo Sheng . Zuo Da Cheng Ming . Chong Zeng Kang Ji . Lan Sun Xiang Chuang . Fu Yang Lang Miao . Hai Xian He Dan , De Jian Ming Li , Ji Ji Fen Dian , Dai Ru Jin Chi , Xian Ge Jiu Yan , Shu Dai Jin Zhuang , Lin Qian Yu Xiang . Xing Duan Biao Zheng . Yi Ju Qun Ying . Lin Gao Xing Ji . Jie Bei Ju Shang . Pai Huai Zhan Tiao . 2 Kong Gu Chuan Sheng , Du Gao Zhong Li , Liang Shu Jian Ji , Jiao Shou Dun Zu , Gu Lou Gua Wen , Xu Tang Xi Ting . Qi Shu Bi Jing . Jie Zu Shui Bi . Yue Yu Qie Kang . Yu Meng Deng Qiao . Long Shi Huo Di , Huo Yin E Ji , Fu Luo Jiang Xiang , Suo Ju Xian Chu , Di Hou Si Xu , Wei Yu Zhu Zhe , Niao Guan Ren Huang . Fu Yuan Shan Qing . Lu Xia Huai Qing . Chen Mo Ji Liao . Ji Si Zheng Chang . Yan Zai Hu Ye . Shi Zhi Wen Zi , Chi Bi Fei Bao , Hu Feng Ba Xian , Qiu Gu Xun Lun , Ji Sang Zai Bai , Nai Fu Yi Chang . Cun Yin Shi Jing . Jia Gei Qian Bing . San Lu Xiao Yao . Song Ju Kong Huang . Tui Wei Rang Guo , Zi Fu Shi Jun , Gao Guan Pei Nian , Xin Zou Lei Qian , Jian Die Jian Yao , You Yu Tao Tang . Yue Yan Yu Jing . Qu Gu Zhen Ying . Qi Xie Huan Zhao . Gu Da Shen Xiang . Diao Min Fa Zui , Xiao Dang Jie Li , Shi Lu Chi Fu , Qu He De Li , Hai Gou Xiang Yu , Zhou Fa Yin Tang . Zhong Ze Jin Ming . Che Jia Fei Qing . Yuan Mang Chou Tiao . Zhi Re Yuan Liang . Zuo Zhao Wen Dao , Lin Shen Lu Bo , Ce Gong Mao Shi , Pi Pa Wan Cui , Lu Luo Du Te , Chui Gong Ping Zhang . Su Xing Wen Qing . Le Bei Ke Ming . Wu Tong Zao Diao . Hai Yue Chao Xiang . Ai Yu Li Shou , Si Lan Si Xin , Pan Xi Yi Yin , Chen Gen Wei Yi , Zhu Zhan Zei Dao , Chen Fu Rong Qiang . Ru Song Zhi Sheng . Zuo Shi A Heng . Luo Xie Piao Yao . Bu Huo Pan Wang . Xia Er Yi Ti , Chuan Liu Bu Xi , Yan Zhai Qu Fu , You Kun Du Yun , Lu Bin Gui Wang . Yuan Cheng Qu Ying . Wei Dan Shu Ying . Ling Mo Jiang Xiao . Ming Feng Zai Zhu , Rong Zhi Ruo Si , Huan Gong Kuang He , Bai Ju Shi Chang . Yan Ci An Ding . Ji Ruo Fu Qing . Hua Bei Cao Mu , Du Chu Cheng Mei , Qi Hui Han Hui , Lai Ji Wan Fang . Shen Zhong Yi Ling . Shuo Gan Wu Ding . Rong Ye Suo Ji , Jun Yi Mi Wu , Jie Shen Wu Jing . Duo Shi Shi Zhu . Xue You Deng Shi , Jin Chu Geng Ba , She Zhi Cong Zheng . Zhao Wei Kun Heng . Cun Yi Gan Tang , Jia Tu Mie Guo , Qu Er Yi Yong . Jian Tu Hui Meng . Le Shu Gui Jian , He Zun Yue Fa , Li Bie Zun Bei . Han Bi Fan Xing . Shang He Xia Mu , Qi Jian Po Mu , Fu Chang Fu Sui . Yong Jun Zui Jing . Wai Shou Fu Xun , Xuan Wei Sha Mo , Ru Feng Mu Yi . Chi Yu Dan Qing . Zhu Gu Bo Shu , Jiu Zhou Yu Ji , You Zi Bi Er . Bai Jun Qin Bing . Kong Huai Xiong Di , Yue Zong Tai Dai , Tong Qi Lian Zhi . Chan Zhu Yun Ting . Jiao You Tou Fen , Yan Men Zi Sai , Qie Mo Zhen Gui . Ji Tian Chi Cheng . Ren Ci Yin Ce , Kun Chi Jie Shi , Zao Ci Fu Li . Ju Ye Dong Ting . Jie Yi Lian Tui , Kuang Yuan Mian Miao , Dian Pei Fei Kui . Yan Xiu Yao Ming . Xing Jing Qing Yi , Xin Dong Shen Pi . Shou Zhen Zhi Man , Zhu Wu Yi Yi . Jian Chi Ya Cao , Hao Jue Zi Mi . ^[14] See also[edit] * Chengyu (traditional Chinese four-character parables) * Pakapoo (the use of the Thousand Character Classic as a lottery) Similar poems in other languages[edit] * Alphabet song * Hanacaraka, Javanese * Iroha, Japanese * Tam thien tu, Vietnamese * Shiva Sutra, Sanskrit * Azbuchna molitva, Bulgarian References[edit] 1. ^ Paar (1963), p. 7, 36. 2. ^ Paar (1963), p. 3. 3. ^ Idema, Wilt L. (2017). "Chapter 17: Elite versus Popular Literature". In Denecke, Wiebke; Li, Wai-yee; Tian, Xiaofei (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature (1000 BCE-900 CE). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 234. ISBN 9780199356591. 4. ^ Wilkinson, Endymion (2012). Chinese History: A New Manual. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 9780674067158 ., pp. 295, 601 5. ^ Abdurishid Yakup (2005). The Turfan Dialect of Uyghur. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 180-. ISBN 978-3-447-05233-7. 6. ^ Rawski (1979), pp. 46-48. 7. ^ Encyclopedia Nipponica "Wang Ren haGao Ju Li (koukuri)niMie bosaretaLe Lang (rakurou)Jun noHan Ren Xi Tong noXue Zhe rashiku, Zhao Ting noWen Bi niCong Shi shitaXi Wen Shou (kawachinohuminoobito)noZu tosareteiru. " 8. ^ Lee (i), In-u (inu); Kang Jae-hun (gangjaehun) (2012-01-03). [i saram] "ceonjamuni hanmun ibmunseo? uju ici dameun caeg". The Hankyoreh (in Korean). Retrieved 2012-01-03. 9. ^ "Korean Coins - Han Guo Qian Bi - History of Korean Coinage". Gary Ashkenazy / gry shknzy (Primaltrek - a journey through Chinese culture). 16 November 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2017. 10. ^ "Thien tu van giai am. Qian Zi Wen Jie Yin ". Bibliotheque nationale de France. 1890. 11. ^ Ikegami Jiro (Chi Shang Er Lang ): Manchu Materials in European Libraries (Yoroppa ni aru Manshugo bunken ni tsuite; yorotsupaniaruMan Zhou Yu Wen Xian nitsuite), Researches on the Manchu Language (Man Zhou Yu Yan Jiu ; Manshugo Kenkyu), pp.361-363, Publish date: 1999. 12. ^ Kanda Nobuo Shen Tian Xin Fu : Ogyu Sorai no "Manbunko" to "Shinsho Senjimon" Di Sheng Cu Lai no{Man Wen Kao } to[Qing Shu Qian Zi Wen ] (On Ogyu Sorai's "Studies of Written Manchu" and "The Manchu Thousand-Character Classic"), Shinchoshi Ronko Qing Zhao Shi Lun Kao (Studies on Qing-Manchu History: Selected Articles), pp. 418-431Ye , 2005. 13. ^ Kishida Fumitaka An Tian Wen Long : On Ciyan dzi wen/Ch'ien-tzu-wen (Qian Zi Wen ) in Bibliotheque Nationale (I) (pariGuo Min Tu Shu Guan Suo Zang noMan Han [Qian Zi Wen ] nitsuite (I); Pari Kokumin Toshokan shozo no Mankan "Senjimon" ni tsuite (I)), Journal of the Faculty of Humanities Toyama University (Fu Shan Da Xue Ren Wen Xue Bu Ji Yao ; Toyama Daigaku Jinbungakubu Kiyo) No.21, pp.77-133, 1994. 14. ^ Sturman, Nathan. "The Thousand Character Essay, Qianzi Wen, in Mandarin Chinese, (read as Senjimon in Japanese, Chonjyamun in Korean) (Archived)". Archived from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 3 January 2020. Bibliography[edit] * Paar, Francis W., ed. (1963). Ch`ien Tzu Wen the Thousand Character Classic; a Chinese Primer. New York: Frederic Ungar. Online at Hathi Trust. Includes text (in four scripts), extensive notes, and translations into four languages. * Rawski, Evelyn Sakakida (1979). Education and Popular Literacy in Ch'ing China. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472087533. External links[edit] [38px] Wikisource has original text related to this article: Qian Zi Wen * Transcribed, Translated and Annotated Thousand Character Essay by Nathan Sturman * Cambridge Chinese Classics: Qianziwen * Thousand-Character Essay [Qianzi Wen] [1] * Zhou Xing Si (1858). Qian Zi Wen Shi Ju . Huang Jia Yi Xue . Retrieved 24 April 2014. * Bu Zhuo Ju Shi ; Jiang Yue (1895). Zeng Zhu San Qian Zi Wen . Mei Jiang Lu Zhu Ren . Retrieved 24 April 2014. * Zhou (Zhou), Xing Si (Xingsi). Qian Zi Wen . Archived from the original on 3 July 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2014. * Qian Zi Wen Quan Wen Song Du (Reading of the Complete Thousand Character Classic, archived from the original on 2021-12-21 * # Qian Zi Wen public domain audiobook at LibriVox * Thousand Character Classic Qian Zi Wen Chinese text with embedded Chinese-English reader dictionary at Chinese Notes * v * t * e Chinese classics and Confucian texts * Great Learning * Doctrine of the Mean Four Books * Analects * Mencius * Classic of Poetry * Book of Documents Five Classics * Book of Rites * I Ching * Spring and Autumn Annals * Classic of Poetry * Book of Documents * Rites of Zhou * Etiquette and Ceremonial * Book of Rites * I Ching Thirteen Classics * Commentary of Zuo * Commentary of Gongyang * Commentary of Guliang * Analects * Erya * Classic of Filial Piety * Mencius * Three Character Classic San Bai Qian * Hundred Family Surnames * Thousand Character Classic * The Art of War * The Methods of the Sima * Six Secret Teachings Seven Military * Wei Liaozi Classics * Wu Zi * Three Strategies of Huang Shigong * Questions and Replies between Tang Taizong and Li Weigong Mathematics * The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art * Bai Hu Tong * Biographies of Exemplary Women * Classic of Music Others * Four Books for Women + Lessons for Women * School Sayings of Confucius * The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars * Xunzi * Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Thousand_Character_Classic&oldid=1212533603" Categories: * Chinese classic texts * Chinese culture * Japanese literature * Chinese character lists * Korean language * Constrained writing * Chinese children's books Hidden categories: * Articles containing Japanese-language text * CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko) * CS1 Korean-language sources (ko) * Articles with short description * Short description is different from Wikidata * Articles containing Chinese-language text * Articles containing Vietnamese-language text * Articles containing Korean-language text * Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text * Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text * All articles with unsourced statements * Articles with unsourced statements from March 2024 * All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases * Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2011 * Articles with LibriVox links * This page was last edited on 8 March 2024, at 09:45 (UTC). * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0 ; additional terms may apply. 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