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[wikipe] Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia Search [ ] Search * Create account * Log in [ ] Personal tools * Create account * Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more * Contributions * Talk Contents move to sidebar hide * (Top) * 1History * 2Vocabulary Toggle Vocabulary subsection + 2.1Influences from other languages * 3Influence * 4References [ ] Toggle the table of contents Antarctic English [ ] 1 language * Russkii Edit links * Article * Talk [ ] English * Read * Edit * View history [ ] Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions * Read * Edit * View history General * What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Page information * Cite this page * Get shortened URL * Download QR code * Wikidata item Print/export * Download as PDF * Printable version From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Variety of the English language Antarctic English Region Antarctica Indo-European * Germanic + West Germanic Language family o North Sea Germanic # Anglo-Frisian @ Anglic - English = Antarctic English Proto-Indo-European * Proto-Germanic Early forms + Old English o Middle English # 18th-century Modern English @ Modern English Writing system Latin (English alphabet) Language codes ISO 639-3 - Part of a series on the English language Topics * English-speaking world * As a second language * History Advanced topics * English as a lingua franca * European language * Modern English * Loanwords * Linguistic purism Phonology * Phonology (History) Dialects * American * Anguillian * Antarctic * Antiguan and Barbudan * Australian * Bahamian * Bajan * Bangladeshi * Bay Islands * Belizean * Bermudian * British * Brunei * Cameroonian * Canadian * Caribbean * Cornish * England * Falkland Islands * Fijian * Gambian * Guyanese * Ghanaian * Indian * Irish * Jamaican * Kenyan * Liberian * Malawian * Malaysian * Manx * Myanmar * Namibian * Nepali * New Zealand * Nigerian * Pakistani * Philippine * San Andres-Providencia * Scottish * Sierra Leonean * Singapore * South African * South Atlantic * Sri Lankan * Trinidadian and Tobagonian * Ugandan * Welsh * Zimbabwean * see also: List of dialects of English Teaching * Teaching English as a second language * v * t * e Antarctic English is a variety of the English language spoken by people living on the continent of Antarctica and within the subantarctic islands.^[1]^: vii Spoken primarily by scientists and workers in the Antarctic tourism industry,^[2] it consists of various unique words and is spoken with a unique accent.^[citation needed] During the 19th and 20th centuries, Antarctic English was influenced by Spanish-speaking South Americans and Northern European explorers who introduced new words that continue to be used today. History[edit] In 1989, Australian writer Bernadette Hince travelled to Antarctica in order to study the vocabulary of scientists working there. She wrote about a variety of unique words that originated on the continent and were not used anywhere else on earth. In 2000, she published the Antarctic Dictionary, a book detailing the words found in the dialect.^[2] An Antarctic accent was first studied in 2019 in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, in a study in which researchers observed changes in the vocal phonetics of scientists over the course of a winter period in Antarctica. They observed a change in vowel pronunciation in the scientists, and the vowels in words such as "food" and "window" began being pronounced in a more fronted position of the mouth than in other English varieties.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Vocabulary[edit] Antarctic English features various words that are not used in other varieties of English. Differences in vocabulary include:^[2] Example Antarctic English terms British English Antarctic English Sleeping chamber Donga Antarctica The Ice Homebrew beer Homer Insomnia Big Eye Antarctic English also has over 200 words for different types of ice. Words include tabulars (large flat-topped southern icebergs that break off from the Antarctic ice sheet and are usually over ten miles long), and growlers (underwater decaying icebergs roughly the size of a house).^[2] In addition, the tourism industry has terms for different types of tourist encounters, such as Kodak poisoning (what happens when many tourists take photographs of the same site) and Dead-Penguin Tours (a type of tour in the late summer after penguins have abandoned weak chicks to die, leaving their bodies in popular tourist destinations, which causes grief in tourists).^[2] Influences from other languages[edit] Antarctic English has been influenced by both Spanish and various Northern European languages.^[1]^: vii-viii In the Falkland Islands, Antarctic English has been influenced by Spanish-speaking South Americans, such as with the word camp, which originates from the Spanish campo and refers to the countryside outside of a town.^[1]^ : vii During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Northern European industrialists interested in whaling and the fur trade introduced various technical words like the Norwegian-origin grax, which describes the leftover solids at the end of the whaling process .^[1]^: viii Other words introduced by these Europeans during the 19th and 20th centuries included nunatak, mukluk, pemmican, and Nansen sled,^[1]^: viii which they in turn adopted from various indigenous American languages. Influence[edit] Antarctic English has also influenced other varieties of English and a number of Arctic English terms were first adopted in Antarctica (particularly terms relating to ice).^[1]^: viii References[edit] 1. ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Hince, Bernadette (2000). "Introduction". The Antarctic Dictionary: A Complete Guide to Antarctic English. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. pp. vii-x. ISBN 978-0957747111. 2. ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Brooks, Geraldine (1997-07-01). "A Volume on Antarctic Lingo Will Make Slang Crystal Clear". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2023-08-10. 3. ^ Bard, Susanne. "Linguists Hear an Accent Begin". Scientific American. Retrieved 2023-08-10. 4. ^ Harrington, Jonathan; Gubian, Michele; Stevens, Mary; Schiel, Florian (2019). "Phonetic change in an Antarctic winter". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 146 (5): 3327-3332. doi:10.1121/1.5130709. 5. ^ "Prolonged Isolation Can Lead to the Creation of New Accents". Atlas Obscura. 2020-04-20. Retrieved 2023-08-10. 6. ^ University of Canterbury Antarctic Conference, Southern Exposure: Antarctic Research at the University of Canterbury * Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Antarctic_English&oldid=1211105506" Categories: * Antarctica * Dialects of English * Antarctic culture Hidden categories: * Articles with short description * Short description is different from Wikidata * Language articles without speaker estimate * Language articles without language codes * Language articles missing Glottolog code * All articles with unsourced statements * Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024 * This page was last edited on 29 February 2024, at 22:00 (UTC). * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0 ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 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