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Epub 2023 Nov 27. Influence of COVID-19 on the emergence of stone-tool use behavior in a population of common long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis) in Thailand Raza Muhammad^ 1 , Titiporn Kaikaew^ 1 , Suchada Panjan^ 1 , Suthirote Meesawat^ 1 , Wipaporn Thabthimthong^ 2 , Sunchai Payungporn^ 3 4 , Jirawat Apipattarachaiwong^ 5 , Sreetharan Kanthaswamy^ 6 7 , Yuzuru Hamada^ 2 , Lydia V Luncz^ 8 , Suchinda Malaivijitnond^ 1 2 Affiliations Expand Affiliations * ^1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. * ^2 National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi, Thailand. * ^3 Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. * ^4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. * ^5 Department of Naval Education, Naval Rating School, Chonburi, Thailand. * ^6 School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, USA. * ^7 California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA. * ^8 Technological Primates Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. * PMID: 38012960 * DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23580 Item in Clipboard Influence of COVID-19 on the emergence of stone-tool use behavior in a population of common long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis) in Thailand Raza Muhammad et al. Am J Primatol. 2024 Feb. Show details Display options Display options Format [Abstract] Am J Primatol Actions * Search in PubMed * Search in NLM Catalog * Add to Search . 2024 Feb;86(2):e23580. doi: 10.1002/ajp.23580. Epub 2023 Nov 27. Authors Raza Muhammad^ 1 , Titiporn Kaikaew^ 1 , Suchada Panjan^ 1 , Suthirote Meesawat^ 1 , Wipaporn Thabthimthong^ 2 , Sunchai Payungporn^ 3 4 , Jirawat Apipattarachaiwong^ 5 , Sreetharan Kanthaswamy^ 6 7 , Yuzuru Hamada^ 2 , Lydia V Luncz^ 8 , Suchinda Malaivijitnond^ 1 2 Affiliations * ^1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. * ^2 National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi, Thailand. * ^3 Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. * ^4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. * ^5 Department of Naval Education, Naval Rating School, Chonburi, Thailand. * ^6 School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, USA. * ^7 California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA. * ^8 Technological Primates Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. * PMID: 38012960 * DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23580 Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format [Abstract] Abstract Stone tool use is a rare behavior across nonhuman primates. Here we report the first population of common long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis) who customarily used stone tools to open rock oysters (Saccostrea forskali) on a small island along the Thai Gulf in Koh Ped (KPE), eastern Thailand. We observed this population several times during the past 10 years, but no stone-tool use behavior was observed until our survey during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in July 2022. KPE is located in Pattaya City, a hotspot for tourism in Thailand. Tourists in this area frequently provided large amounts of food for the monkeys on KPE. During the COVID-19 curfew, however, tourists were not allowed to access the island, and monkeys began to face food scarcity. During this time, we observed stone-tool use behavior for the first time on KPE. Based on our observations, the first tool manipulation was similar to stone throwing (a known precursor of stone tool use). From our observations in March 2023, we found 17 subadult/adult animals performing the behavior, 15 of 17 were males and mostly solitary while performing the behavior. The M. f. fascicularis subspecies was confirmed by distribution, morphological characteristics, and mtDNA and SRY gene sequences. Taken together, we proposed that the stone tool use behavior in the KPE common long-tailed macaques emerged due to the COVID-19 food scarcity. Since traveling is no longer restricted many tourists have started coming back to the island, and there is a high risk for this stone tool-use behavior to disappear within this population of long-tailed macaques. Keywords: COVID-19; Macaca fascicularis fascicularis; oyster; stone throwing; stone tool use. (c) 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. PubMed Disclaimer Similar articles * Stone-tool usage by Thai long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Malaivijitnond S, Lekprayoon C, Tandavanittj N, Panha S, Cheewatham C, Hamada Y. Malaivijitnond S, et al. Am J Primatol. 2007 Feb;69(2):227-33. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20342. Am J Primatol. 2007. PMID: 17146796 * Sex differences in the stone tool-use behavior of a wild population of burmese long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea). Gumert MD, Hoong LK, Malaivijitnond S. Gumert MD, et al. Am J Primatol. 2011 Dec;73(12):1239-49. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20996. Epub 2011 Sep 8. Am J Primatol. 2011. PMID: 21905061 * Marine prey processed with stone tools by Burmese long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea) in intertidal habitats. Gumert MD, Malaivijitnond S. Gumert MD, et al. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2012 Nov;149(3):447-57. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22143. Epub 2012 Oct 5. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2012. PMID: 23042618 * Does Geographical Origin of Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) Matter in Drug Safety Assessment?: A Literature Review and Proposed Conclusion. Weinbauer G, Mecklenburg L. Weinbauer G, et al. Toxicol Pathol. 2022 Jul;50(5):552-559. doi: 10.1177/01926233221095443. Epub 2022 May 24. Toxicol Pathol. 2022. PMID: 35608013 Review. * Linking primatology and archaeology: The transversality of stone percussive behaviors. Harmand S, Arroyo A. Harmand S, et al. J Hum Evol. 2023 Aug; 181:103398. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103398. Epub 2023 Jun 15. J Hum Evol. 2023. PMID: 37329870 Review. See all similar articles References REFERENCES 1. 1. de A. Moura, A. C., & Lee, P. C. (2004). Capuchin stone tool use in Caatinga dry forest. Science, 306(5703):1909. https:// doi.org/10.1126/science.1102558 2. 1. Bandini, E., & Tennie, C. (2018). Naive, captive long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis) fail to individually and socially learn pound-hammering, a tool-use behaviour. Royal Society Open Science, 5(5), 171826. https:// doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171826 3. 1. Barrett, B. J., Monteza-Moreno, C. M., Dogandzic, T., Zwyns, N., Ibanez, A., & Crofoot, M. C. (2018). Habitual stone-tool-aided extractive foraging in white-faced capuchins, Cebus capucinus. Royal Society Open Science, 5(8), 181002. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181002 4. 1. Boesch, C., & Boesch, H. (1984). Possible causes of sex differences in the use of natural hammers by wild chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution, 13(5), 415-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2484(84)80055-X 5. 1. Bunlungsup, S., Imai, H., Hamada, Y., Gumert, M. D., San, A. M., & Malaivijitnond, S. (2016). Morphological characteristics and genetic diversity of Burmese long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea). American Journal of Primatology, 78(4), 441-455. https://doi.org/10.1002/ ajp.22512 Show all 41 references MeSH terms * Animals Actions + Search in PubMed + Search in MeSH + Add to Search * COVID-19* / epidemiology Actions + Search in PubMed + Search in MeSH + Add to Search * Female Actions + Search in PubMed + Search in MeSH + Add to Search * Food Actions + Search in PubMed + Search in MeSH + Add to Search * Macaca fascicularis Actions + Search in PubMed + Search in MeSH + Add to Search * Male Actions + Search in PubMed + Search in MeSH + Add to Search * Thailand / epidemiology Actions + Search in PubMed + Search in MeSH + Add to Search * Tool Use Behavior* Actions + Search in PubMed + Search in MeSH + Add to Search Related information * MedGen Grants and funding * Second Century Fund (C2F) scholarship * RTA6280010/Research Fund Senior Scholar * 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund (Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund) * B05F640122/NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation LinkOut - more resources * Full Text Sources + Wiley * Medical + MedlinePlus Health Information * Miscellaneous + NCI CPTAC Assay Portal Full text links [x] full text provider logo Wiley [x] Cite Copy Download .nbib .nbib Format: [NLM] Send To * Clipboard * Email * Save * My Bibliography * Collections * Citation Manager [x] NCBI Literature Resources MeSH PMC Bookshelf Disclaimer The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 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