https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.06184 Skip to main content Cornell University We gratefully acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation, member institutions, and all contributors. Donate arxiv logo > cs > arXiv:2402.06184 [ ] Help | Advanced Search [All fields ] Search arXiv logo Cornell University Logo [ ] GO quick links * Login * Help Pages * About Computer Science > Machine Learning arXiv:2402.06184 (cs) [Submitted on 9 Feb 2024] Title:The boundary of neural network trainability is fractal Authors:Jascha Sohl-Dickstein Download a PDF of the paper titled The boundary of neural network trainability is fractal, by Jascha Sohl-Dickstein Download PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Some fractals -- for instance those associated with the Mandelbrot and quadratic Julia sets -- are computed by iterating a function, and identifying the boundary between hyperparameters for which the resulting series diverges or remains bounded. Neural network training similarly involves iterating an update function (e.g. repeated steps of gradient descent), can result in convergent or divergent behavior, and can be extremely sensitive to small changes in hyperparameters. Motivated by these similarities, we experimentally examine the boundary between neural network hyperparameters that lead to stable and divergent training. We find that this boundary is fractal over more than ten decades of scale in all tested configurations. Comments: 3 pages, mesmerizing fractals Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE); Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD) Cite as: arXiv:2402.06184 [cs.LG] (or arXiv:2402.06184v1 [cs.LG] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.06184 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Jascha Sohl-Dickstein [view email] [v1] Fri, 9 Feb 2024 04:46:48 UTC (36,948 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: Download a PDF of the paper titled The boundary of neural network trainability is fractal, by Jascha Sohl-Dickstein * Download PDF * HTML (experimental) * TeX Source * Other Formats license icon view license Current browse context: cs.LG < prev | next > new | recent | 2402 Change to browse by: cs cs.NE nlin nlin.CD References & Citations * NASA ADS * Google Scholar * Semantic Scholar a export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation x [loading... ] Data provided by: Bookmark BibSonomy logo Reddit logo (*) Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools [ ] Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) [ ] Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) [ ] scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) ( ) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article [ ] Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) [ ] DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) [ ] Links to Code Toggle Papers with Code (What is Papers with Code?) [ ] ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) ( ) Demos Demos [ ] Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) [ ] Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) [ ] Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) ( ) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools [ ] Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) [ ] Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) [ ] Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) [ ] IArxiv recommender toggle IArxiv Recommender (What is IArxiv?) * Author * Venue * Institution * Topic ( ) About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?) * About * Help * Click here to contact arXiv Contact * Click here to subscribe Subscribe * Copyright * Privacy Policy * Web Accessibility Assistance * arXiv Operational Status Get status notifications via email or slack