https://www.openbsd.org/innovations.html
OpenBSD Innovations
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This is a list of software and ideas developed or maintained by the
OpenBSD project, sorted in order of approximate introduction. Some of
them are explained in detail in our research papers.
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Concepts
* ipsec(4): Started by John Ioannidis, Angelos D. Keromytis, Niels
Provos, and Niklas Hallqvist, imported February 20, 1997. OpenBSD
was the first free operating system to provide an IPSec stack.
* inet6(4): First complete integration and adoption of IPv6 led by
"Itojun" (Dr. Junichiro Hagino) [WIDE/KAME], Craig Metz [NRL],
and Angelos D. Keromytis starting Jan 6, 1999. Almost fully
operational Jun 6, 1999 during the first OpenBSD hackathon.
OpenBSD 2.7.
* Privilege separation: First implemented by Niels Provos and
Markus Friedl in OpenSSH in March 2002, released with OpenBSD
3.2. The concept is now used in many OpenBSD programs, for
example bgpd(8), dhclient(8), dhcpd(8), dvmrpd(8), eigrpd(8),
file(1), httpd(8), iked(8), ldapd(8), ldpd(8), mountd(8), npppd
(8), ntpd(8), ospfd(8), ospf6d(8), pflogd(8), radiusd(8), relayd
(8), ripd(8), script(1), smtpd(8), syslogd(8), tcpdump(8), tmux
(1), xconsole(1), xdm(1), Xserver(1), ypldap(8), pkg_add(1), etc.
* Privilege revocation: Related to the work on privilege
separation, some programs were refactored to drop privileges
while holding onto a tricky resource such as a raw socket,
reserved port, or modification-locked bpf(4) descriptor, for
example ping(8), traceroute(8), etc.
* Stack protector: Developed since 2001 as "propolice" by Hiroaki
Etoh. Integrated, and implemented for additional hardware
platforms, by Federico G. Schwindt, Miod Vallat and Theo de
Raadt. OpenBSD 3.3 was the first operating system to enable it
systemwide by default.
* W^X: First used for sparc, sparc64, alpha, and hppa in OpenBSD
3.3. Strictly enforced by default since OpenBSD 6.0: a program
can only violate it if the executable is marked with
PT_OPENBSD_WXNEEDED and it is located on a filesystem mounted
with the wxallowed mount(8) option.
* GOT and PLT protection by ld.so: first done as part of the W^X
work in OpenBSD 3.3, by Dale Rahn and Theo de Raadt. The GOT and
PLT regions are read-only outside of ld.so itself. Extended to
the .init/.fini sections (constructors and destructors) in
OpenBSD 3.4.
* ASLR: OpenBSD 3.4 was the first widely used operating system to
provide it by default.
* gcc-local(1) __attribute__((__bounded__)) static analysis
annotation and checking mechanism: Started by Anil Madhavapeddy
on June 26, 2003 and ported to GCC 4 by Nicholas Marriott. First
released with OpenBSD 3.4.
* malloc(3) randomization implemented by Thierry Deval. Guard pages
and randomized (delayed) free added by Ted Unangst. Reimplemented
by Otto Moerbeek for OpenBSD 4.4.
* Position-independent executables (PIE): OpenBSD 5.3 was the first
widely used operating system to enable it globally by default, on
seven hardware platforms. Implemented in November 2008 by Kurt
Miller and enabled by default by Pascal Stumpf in August 2012.
* Random-data memory: the ability to specify that a variable should
be initialized at load time with random byte values (placed into
a new ELF .openbsd.randomdata section) was implemented in OpenBSD
5.3 by Matthew Dempsky.
* Stack protector per shared object: using the random-data memory
feature, each shared object was given its own stack protector
cookie in OpenBSD 5.3 by Matthew Dempsky.
* Static-PIE: Position-independent static binaries for /bin, /sbin
and ramdisks. Implemented for OpenBSD 5.7 by Kurt Miller and Mark
Kettenis.
* SROP (sigreturn(2) oriented programming) mitigation: attacks
researched by Eric Bosman and Herbert Bos in 2014, solution
implemented by Theo de Raadt in May 2016, enabled by default
since OpenBSD 6.0.
* Library order randomization: In rc(8), re-link libc.so,
libcrypto, and ld.so on startup, placing the objects in a random
order. Theo de Raadt and Robert Peichaer, May 2016, enabled by
default since OpenBSD 6.0 and 6.2.
* Kernel-assisted lazy-binding for W^X safety in multi-threaded
programs. A new syscall kbind(2) permits lazy-binding to be W^X
safe in multi-threaded programs. Implemented for OpenBSD 5.9 by
Philip Guenther in July 2015.
* Process layouts in memory tightened to remove execute permission
from all segmented, non-instruction data and to remove write
permission from data that is only modified during loading and
relocation. By combining the RELRO (Read-Only after Relocation)
design from the GNU project with the original ASLR work from
OpenBSD 3.3 and strict lazy-binding work from OpenBSD 5.9, this
is applied to not just a subset of programs and libraries but
rather to all programs and libraries. Implemented for OpenBSD 6.1
by Philip Guenther in August 2016.
* Use of fork+exec in privilege separated programs. The strategy is
to give each process a fresh & unique address space for ASLR,
stack protector -- as protection against address space discovery
attacks. Implemented first by Damien Miller (sshd(8) 2004),
Claudio Jeker (bgpd(8), 2015), Eric Faurot (smtpd(8), 2016),
Rafael Zalamena (various, 2016), and others.
* trapsleds: Reduction of incidental NOP instructions/sequences in
the instruction stream which could be useful potentially for ROP
attack methods to innaccurately target gadgets. These NOP
sequences are converted into trap sequences where possible. Todd
Mortimer and Theo de Raadt, June 2017.
* Kernel relinking at boot: the .o files of the kernel are relinked
in random order from a link-kit, before every reboot. This
provides substantial interior randomization in the kernel's text
and data segments for layout and relative branches/calls.
Basically a unique address space for each kernel boot, similar to
the userland fork+exec model described above but for the kernel.
Theo de Raadt, June 2017.
* Rearranged i386/amd64 register allocator order in clang(1) to
reduce polymorphic RET instructions: Todd Mortimer, November 20,
2017.
* Reencoding of i386/amd64 instruction sequences to avoid embedded
polymorphic RET instructions. Enhancements to clang(1) Todd
Mortimer, April 28, 2018 and onwards.
* MAP_STACK addition to mmap(2) allows opportunistic verification
that the stack-register points at stack memory, therefore
catching pivots to non-stack memory (sometimes used in ROP
attacks). Theo de Raadt, April 12, 2018.
* RETGUARD is a replacement for the stack-protector which uses a
per-function random cookie (located in the read-only ELF
.openbsd.randomdata section) to consistency-check the return
address on the stack. Implemented for amd64 and arm64 by Todd
Mortimer in OpenBSD 6.4, for mips64 in OpenBSD 6.7, and powerpc/
powerpc64 in OpenBSD 6.9. amd64 system call stubs also protected
in OpenBSD 7.3.
* MAP_CONCEAL addition to mmap(2) disallows memory pages to be
written to core dumps, preventing accidental exposure of private
information. Theo de Raadt, Mark Kettenis and Scott Soule
Cheloha, February 2, 2019.
* Similar to the opportunistic verification in MAP_STACK,
system-calls can no longer be performed from PROT_WRITE memory.
Theo de Raadt, June 2, 2019.
* System calls may only be performed from selected code regions
(main program, ld.so, libc.so, and sigtramp). Theo de Raadt,
November 28, 2019.
* Permissions (RWX, MAP_STACK, etc) on address space regions can be
made immutable, so that mmap(2), mprotect(2) or munmap(2) fail
with EPERM. Most of the program static address space is now
automatically immutable (main program, ld.so, main stack,
load-time shared libraries, and dlopen()'d libraries mapped
without RTLD_NODELETE). Programmers can request non-immutable
static data using the "openbsd.mutable" section, or manually
bring immutability to (page aligned heap objects) using
mimmutable(2). Theo de Raadt, Dec 4, 2022.
* sshd random relinking at boot. Theo de Raadt. Jan 18, 2023.
* Some architectures now have non-readable code ("xonly"), both
from the perspective of userland reading its own memory, or the
kernel trying to read memory in a system call. Many sloppy
practices in userland code had to be repaired to allow this. The
linker option --execute-only is enabled by default. In order of
development: arm64, riscv64, hppa, amd64, powerpc64, powerpc (G5
only), octeon. sparc64 (sun4u only, unfinished). Mark Kettenis,
Theo de Raadt, Visa Hankala, Miod Vallat, Dave Voutila, George
Koehler in kernel and base, and Theo Buehler, Robert Nagy,
Christian Weisgerber in ports. Dec 2022 - Feb 2023, still
ongoing.
* On all architectures which lack hardware-enforcement of xonly,
system calls are now prevented from reading (via copyin/copyinst)
inside the program's main text, ld.so text, sigtramp text, or
libc.so text. Theo de Raadt, Jan 2023.
* Architectures which lack xonly mmu-enforcement can still benefit
from switching to --execute-only binaries if the cpu generates
different traps for instruction-fetch versus data-fetch. The VM
system will not allow memory to be read before it was executed
which is valuable together with library relinking. Architectures
switched over include loongson. Theo de Raadt, Feb 2023.
* ld.so and crt0 register the location of the execve(2) stub with
the kernel using pinsyscall(2), after which the kernel only
accepts an execve call from that specific location. Theo de
Raadt, Feb 2023.
* Mandatory enforcement of indirect branch targets (BTI on arm64,
IBT on Intel amd64), unless a linker flag (-Wl,-z,nobtcfi)
requests no enforcement.
Functions
* issetugid(2): Theo de Raadt, August 25, 1996, OpenBSD 2.0
* arc4random(3): David Mazieres, December 28, 1996, OpenBSD 2.1
* bcrypt(3): Implemented by Niels Provos and David Mazieres
Imported February 13, 1997 and first released with OpenBSD 2.1.
* strlcpy(3), strlcat(3): Todd Miller and Theo de Raadt, July 1,
1998, OpenBSD 2.4
* strtonum(3): Ted Unangst, Todd Miller, and Theo de Raadt, May 3,
2004, OpenBSD 3.6
* imsg: Message passing API, written by Henning Brauer. In libutil
since May 26, 2010, OpenBSD 4.8; used by various daemons before
that.
* timingsafe_bcmp(3): Damien Miller, July 13, 2010, OpenBSD 4.9
* explicit_bzero(3): Ted Unangst and Matthew Dempsky, January 22,
2014, OpenBSD 5.5
* ohash: Written and maintained by Marc Espie. In libutil since May
12, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6; used by make(1) and m4(1) before that.
* asr: Replacement resolver written and maintained by Eric Faurot.
Imported April 14, 2012; activated on March 26, 2014, OpenBSD
5.6.
* reallocarray(3): Theo de Raadt and Ted Unangst, April 22, 2014,
OpenBSD 5.6
* getentropy(2): Matthew Dempsky and Theo de Raadt, June 13, 2014,
OpenBSD 5.6
* sendsyslog(2): Theo de Raadt, July 10, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
* timingsafe_memcmp(3): Matthew Dempsky, July 13, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
* pledge(2): Theo de Raadt, July 19, 2015, OpenBSD 5.9
* getpwnam_shadow(3), getpwuid_shadow(3): Ted Unangst and Theo de
Raadt, November 18, 2015, OpenBSD 5.9
* recallocarray(3): Otto Moerbeek, Joel Sing and Theo de Raadt,
March 6, 2017, OpenBSD 6.1
* freezero(3): Otto Moerbeek, April 10, 2017, OpenBSD 6.2
* unveil(2): Theo de Raadt and Bob Beck, July 13, 2018, OpenBSD 6.4
* malloc_conceal(3) and calloc_conceal(3): Otto Moerbeek, May 10,
2019, OpenBSD 6.5
* ober: ASN.1 basic encoding rules API, written by Claudio Jeker
and Reyk Floter, maintained by Rob Pierce and Martijn van Duren;
started in 2006/07, moved to libutil on May 11, 2019, OpenBSD 6.6
Programs and subsystems
* ypbind(8), ypset(8), ypcat(1), ypmatch(1), ypwhich(1), and libc
support: Started by Theo de Raadt. Imported April 26, 1993 and
first released with NetBSD 0.9.
* ypserv(8): Started by Mats O. Jansson in 1994. Imported October
23, 1995 and first released with OpenBSD 2.0.
* mopd(8): Started by Mats O. Jansson in 1993. Imported September
21, 1996 and first released with OpenBSD 2.0.
* AnonCVS: Designed and implemented by Chuck Cranor and Theo de
Raadt in 1995 (paper, slides)
* aucat(1): Started by Kenneth Stailey. Imported January 2, 1997
and first released with OpenBSD 2.1. Now maintained by Alexandre
Ratchov.
* OpenSSH including ssh(1), scp(1), sftp(1), ssh-add(1), ssh-agent
(1), ssh-keygen(1), sshd(8), sftp-server(8): Started by Aaron
Campbell, Bob Beck, Dug Song, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos, and
Theo de Raadt as a fork of SSH 1.2.12 by Tatu Ylonen. Imported
September 26, 1999 and first released with OpenBSD 2.6. Now
maintained by Markus Friedl, Damien Miller, Darren Tucker, and
Theo de Raadt.
* mg(1): Started by Dave Conroy in November 1986. Imported February
25, 2000 and first released with OpenBSD 2.7. Now maintained by
Mark Lumsden.
* m4(1): Originally implemented by Ozan Yigit and Richard A.
O'Keefe for 4.3BSD-Reno. Considerably extended and maintained by
Marc Espie since 1999.
* pf(4), pfctl(8), pflogd(8), authpf(8), ftp-proxy(8): Started by
Daniel Hartmeier as a replacement for the non-free ipf by Darren
Reed. Imported June 24, 2001 and first released with OpenBSD 3.0.
Now maintained by Henning Brauer.
* systrace(4), systrace(1): Started by Niels Provos. Imported June
4, 2002 and first released with OpenBSD 3.2. Deleted after
OpenBSD 5.9 because pledge(2) is even better.
* spamd(8): Written by Bob Beck. Imported December 21, 2002 and
first released with OpenBSD 3.3.
* dc(1): Written and maintained by Otto Moerbeek. Imported
September 19, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
* bc(1): Written and maintained by Otto Moerbeek. Imported
September 25, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
* sensorsd(8): Started by Henning Brauer. Imported September 24,
2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5. Reworked by Constantine
A. Murenin.
* pkg_add(1): Written and maintained by Marc Espie. Imported
October 16, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
* carp(4): Written by Mickey Shalayeff, Markus Friedl, Marco
Pfatschbacher, and Ryan McBride. Imported October 17, 2003 and
first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
* OpenBGPD including bgpd(8) and bgpctl(8): Written and maintained
by Henning Brauer and Claudio Jeker, and also maintained by Peter
Hessler. Imported December 17, 2003 and first released with
OpenBSD 3.5.
* dhclient(8): Started by Ted Lemon and Elliot Poger in 1996.
Imported January 18, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
Reworked by Henning Brauer. Now maintained by Kenneth Westerback.
* dhcpd(8): Started by Ted Lemon in 1995. Imported April 13, 2004
and first released with OpenBSD 3.6. Reworked by Henning Brauer.
Now maintained by Kenneth Westerback.
* hotplugd(8): Started by Alexander Yurchenko. Imported May 30,
2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.6.
* OpenNTPD including ntpd(8) and ntpctl(8): Written and maintained
by Henning Brauer. Imported May 31, 2004 and first released with
OpenBSD 3.6. Portable version maintained by Brent Cook.
* dpb(1): Started by Nikolay Sturm on August 10, 2004; first
available for OpenBSD 3.6. Rewritten and maintained by Marc Espie
since August 20, 2010.
* ospfd(8), ospfctl(8): Started by Esben Norby and Claudio Jeker.
Imported January 28, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.7.
* ifstated(8): Started by Marco Pfatschbacher and Ryan McBride.
Imported January 23, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
* bioctl(8): Started by Marco Peereboom. Imported March 29, 2005
and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
* hostapd(8): Written by Reyk Floter. Imported May 26, 2005 and
first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
* watchdogd(8): Started by Marc Balmer. Imported August 8, 2005 and
first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
* sdiff(1): Written by Ray Lai. Imported December 27, 2005 and
first released with OpenBSD 3.9.
* dvmrpd(8), dvmrpctl(8): Started by Esben Norby. Imported June 1,
2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.0.
* ripd(8), ripctl(8): Started by Michele Marchetto. Imported
October 18, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.1.
* pkg-config(1): Started by Chris Kuethe and Marc Espie. Imported
November 27, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.1. Now
maintained by Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse.
* relayd(8) with relayctl(8): Started by Pierre-Yves Ritschard and
Reyk Floter. Imported December 16, 2006 and first released with
OpenBSD 4.1. Now maintained by Sebastian Benoit.
* cwm(1): Started by Marius Aamodt Eriksen in 2004. Imported April
27, 2007 and first released with OpenBSD 4.2. Now maintained by
Okan Demirmen. Portable version maintained by Leah Neukirchen.
* ospf6d(8), ospf6ctl(8): Started by Esben Norby and Claudio Jeker.
Imported October 8, 2007 and first released with OpenBSD 4.2.
* libtool(1): Written by Steven Mestdagh and Marc Espie. Imported
October 28, 2007 and first available for OpenBSD 4.3. Now
maintained by Marc Espie, Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse, and Antoine
Jacoutot.
* snmpd(8): Started by Reyk Floter. Imported December 5, 2007 and
first released with OpenBSD 4.3. Now maintained by Martijn van
Duren.
* sysmerge(8): Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot,
originally forked from mergemaster by Douglas Barton. Imported
April 22, 2008, first released with OpenBSD 4.4.
* ypldap(8): Started by Pierre-Yves Ritschard. Imported June 26,
2008 and first released with OpenBSD 4.4.
* OpenSMTPD including smtpd(8), smtpctl(8), makemap(8): Started by
Gilles Chehade. Imported November 1, 2008 and first released with
OpenBSD 4.6. Now maintained by Gilles Chehade and Eric Faurot.
* tmux, tmux(1): Started in 2007 and maintained by Nicholas
Marriott. Imported June 1, 2009, first released with OpenBSD 4.6.
* ldpd(8), ldpctl(8): Started by Michele Marchetto. Imported June
1, 2009 and first released with OpenBSD 4.6. Now maintained by
Claudio Jeker.
* mandoc including mandoc(1), man(1), apropos(1), makewhatis(8),
man.cgi(8): Started by Kristaps Dzonsons in November 2008.
Imported April 6, 2009, first released with OpenBSD 4.8. Now
maintained by Ingo Schwarze.
* ldapd(8), ldapctl(8): Written by Martin Hedenfalk. Imported May
31, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.8.
* OpenIKED including iked(8) and ikectl(8): Started by Reyk Floter.
Imported June 3, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.8. Now
maintained by Tobias Heider.
* iscsid(8), iscsictl(8): Written and maintained by Claudio Jeker.
Imported September 24, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.9.
* rc.d(8), rc.subr(8): Written and maintained by Robert Nagy and
Antoine Jacoutot. Imported October 26, 2010 and first released
with OpenBSD 4.9.
* tftpd(8): Written and maintained by David Gwynne. Imported March
2, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.2.
* npppd(8), npppctl(8): Started by Internet Initiative Japan Inc.
Imported January 11, 2010, first released with OpenBSD 5.3.
Maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko.
* ldomd(8), ldomctl(8): Written and maintained by Mark Kettenis.
Imported October 26, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.3.
* sndiod(8): Written and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov. Imported
November 23, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.3.
* cu(1): Written and maintained by Nicholas Marriott. Imported July
10, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.4.
* identd(8): Written and maintained by David Gwynne. Imported March
18, 2013 and first released with OpenBSD 5.4.
* slowcgi(8): Written and maintained by Florian Obser. Imported May
23, 2013 and first released with OpenBSD 5.4.
* signify(1): Written and maintained by Ted Unangst. Imported
December 31, 2013 and first released with OpenBSD 5.5.
* htpasswd(1): Written and maintained by Florian Obser. Imported
March 17, 2014 and first released with OpenBSD 5.6.
* LibreSSL: Started by Ted Unangst, Bob Beck, Joel Sing, Miod
Vallat, Philip Guenther, and Theo de Raadt on April 13, 2014, as
a fork of OpenSSL 1.0.1g. First released with OpenBSD 5.6.
Portable version maintained by Brent Cook.
* httpd(8): Started by Reyk Floter. Imported July 12, 2014 and
first released with OpenBSD 5.6.
* rcctl(8): Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot. Imported
August 19, 2014 and first released with OpenBSD 5.7.
* file(1): Rewritten from scratch and maintained by Nicholas
Marriott. Imported April 24, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD
5.8.
* doas(1): Written and maintained by Ted Unangst. Imported July 16,
2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.8.
* radiusd(8): Written and maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko. Imported
July 21, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.8.
* eigrpd(8), eigrpctl(8): Written and maintained by Renato
Westphal. Imported October 2, 2015 and first released with
OpenBSD 5.9.
* vmm(4), vmd(8), vmctl(8): Written by Mike Larkin and Reyk Floter.
Imported November 13, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
* pdisk(8): Originally written by Eryk Vershen in 1996-1998,
rewritten and maintained by Kenneth Westerback since January 11,
2016 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
* mknod(8): Original version from Version 6 AT&T UNIX (1975), last
rewritten by Marc Espie on March 5, 2016 and first released with
OpenBSD 6.0.
* audioctl(1): Originally written by Lennart Augustsson in 1997,
rewritten and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov since June 21, 2016
and first released with OpenBSD 6.0.
* acme-client(1): Written by Kristaps Dzonsons, imported August 31,
2016; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
* syspatch(8): Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot. Imported
September 5, 2016; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
* ping(8): Restructured to include IPv6 functionality and
maintained by Florian Obser. The separate ping6(8) was superseded
on September 17, 2016, and the new, combined version was released
with OpenBSD 6.1.
* xenodm(1): Cleaned-up fork of xdm(1) maintained by Matthieu
Herrb. Imported October 23, 2016; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
* ocspcheck(8): Written and maintained by Bob Beck. Imported
January 24, 2017; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
* slaacd(8): Written and maintained by Florian Obser. Imported
March 18, 2017; released with OpenBSD 6.2.
* rad(8): Written and maintained by Florian Obser. Imported July
10, 2018; released with OpenBSD 6.4.
* unwind(8): Written and maintained by Florian Obser. Imported
January 23, 2019; released with OpenBSD 6.5.
* openrsync(1): Written by Kristaps Dzonsons. Imported February 10,
2019; released with OpenBSD 6.5.
* sysupgrade(8): Written by Christian Weisgerber, Florian Obser,
and Theo de Raadt. Imported April 25, 2019; released with OpenBSD
6.6.
* snmp(1): Written and maintained by Martijn van Duren. Imported
August 9, 2019; released with OpenBSD 6.6.
* rpki-client(8): Written by Kristaps Dzonsons, maintained by
Claudio Jeker. Imported June 17, 2019; released with OpenBSD 6.7.
* resolvd(8): Written and maintained by Florian Obser and Theo de
Raadt. Imported February 24, 2021; released with OpenBSD 6.9.
* dhcpleased(8): Written and maintained by Florian Obser. Imported
February 26, 2021; released with OpenBSD 6.9.
Projects maintained by OpenBSD developers outside OpenBSD
* sudo: Started by Bob Coggeshall and Cliff Spencer around 1980.
Imported November 18, 1999, first released with OpenBSD 2.7. Now
maintained by Todd Miller.
* femail: Written and maintained by Henning Brauer. Started in
2005, port available since September 22, 2005.
* midish: Written and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov. Started in
2003, port available since November 4, 2005.
* fdm: Written and maintained by Nicholas Marriott. Started in
2006, port available since January 18, 2007.
* toad: Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot. Started in
2013, port available since October 8, 2013.
* docbook2mdoc: Started by Kristaps Dzonsons in 2014, maintained by
Ingo Schwarze. Port available since April 3, 2014.
* portroach: Written and maintained by Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse,
originally forked from FreeBSD's portscout. Started in 2014, port
available since September 5, 2014.
* cvs2gitdump: Written and maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko. Started
in 2012, port available since August 1, 2016.
* Game of Trees: Written and maintained by Stefan Sperling. Started
in 2017, port available since August 9, 2019.