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[wikipe] Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia Search [ ] Search * Create account * Log in [ ] Personal tools * Create account * Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more * Contributions * Talk [ ] Contents move to sidebar hide * (Top) * 1Name * 2Characteristics * 3Location * 4See also * 5References * 6Further reading * 7External links Toggle the table of contents [ ] Toggle the table of contents Laniakea Supercluster [ ] 53 languages * Afrikaans * l`rby@ * Aragones * Az@rbaycanca * baaNlaa * Belaruskaia * Belaruskaia (tarashkevitsa) * B'lgarski * Catala * Cestina * Dansk * Deutsch * Eesti * Ellenika * Espanol * Esperanto * Euskara * frsy * Francais * hangugeo * Hayeren * Bahasa Indonesia * Italiano * `bryt * k`art`uli * Latina * Letzebuergesch * Lietuviu * Magyar * Makedonski * Mirandes * m[?]n[?]maabhaasaa * Nederlands * Ri Ben Yu * pStw * Polski * Portugues * Romana * Russkii * Slovencina * Srpski / srpski * Sunda * Suomi * Svenska * Tagalog * tmilll * Tetun * aithy * Turkce * Ukrayins'ka * rdw * Tieng Viet * Zhong Wen Edit links * Article * Talk [ ] English * Read * Edit * View history [ ] Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions * Read * Edit * View history General * What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Page information * Cite this page * Wikidata item Print/export * Download as PDF * Printable version In other projects * Wikimedia Commons * Wikiquote From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Laniakea. Galaxy supercluster that is home to the Milky Way Galaxy and many more galaxies Laniakea Supercluster [220px-07-Laniakea_] Map of the Laniakea Supercluster and its component galaxy clusters Observation data (Epoch J2000) Constellation(s) Triangulum Australe and Norma (Great Attractor) Right ascension 10^h 32^m Declination -46deg 00' Brightest member Milky Way (mag -5.0) Number of galaxies 100,000-150,000 Parent structure Pisces-Cetus Supercluster Complex 520 million ly (159 Mpc) h^-1 Major axis [67.80 +- 0.77] (H[0] from Planck 2013) Redshift 0.0708 (center) 250 million ly (77 Mpc) h^-1 Distance [67.80 +- 0.077] (Great Attractor) (H[0] from Planck 2013) Binding mass 1x10^17^[1] M[] Other designations Local Supercluster, Laniakea, Laniakea Supercluster, Laniakea Complex See also: Galaxy group, Galaxy cluster, List of galaxy groups and clusters [220px-Laniakea]Map of superclusters within the nearby universe, with Laniakea shown in yellow Video showing in 3D Laniakea and other nearby superclusters of galaxies The Laniakea Supercluster (/,laeni.@'keI.@/; Hawaiian for "open skies" or "immense heaven")^[2] is the galaxy supercluster that is home to the Milky Way and approximately 100,000 other nearby galaxies. It was defined in September 2014, when a group of astronomers including R. Brent Tully of the University of Hawai`i, Helene Courtois of the University of Lyon, Yehuda Hoffman of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Daniel Pomarede of CEA Universite Paris-Saclay published a new way of defining superclusters according to the relative velocities of galaxies.^[3]^[4] The new definition of the local supercluster subsumes the prior defined local supercluster, the Virgo Supercluster, as an appendage.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] Follow-up studies suggest that the Laniakea Supercluster is not gravitationally bound; it will disperse rather than continue to maintain itself as an overdensity relative to surrounding areas.^[10] Name[edit] The name laniakea (['lanija:'kej@]) means 'immense heaven' in Hawaiian, from lani 'heaven', and akea 'spacious, immeasurable'. The name was suggested by Nawa`a Napoleon, an associate professor of Hawaiian language at Kapiolani Community College.^[11] The name honors Polynesian navigators, who used knowledge of the heavens to navigate the Pacific Ocean.^[12] Characteristics[edit] The Laniakea Supercluster encompasses approximately 100,000 galaxies stretched out over 160 Mpc (520 million ly). It has the approximate mass of 10^17 solar masses, or 100,000 times that of our galaxy, which is almost the same as that of the Horologium Supercluster.^[3] It consists of four subparts, which were known previously as separate superclusters: * Virgo Supercluster, the part in which the Milky Way resides. * Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster + the Great Attractor, Laniakea's central gravitational point near Norma + Antlia Wall, known as Hydra Supercluster + Centaurus Supercluster * Pavo-Indus Supercluster * Southern Supercluster, including Fornax Cluster (S373), Dorado and Eridanus clouds.^[13] The most massive galaxy clusters of the Laniakea Supercluster are Virgo, Hydra, Centaurus, Abell 3565, Abell 3574, Abell 3521, Fornax, Eridanus and Norma. The entire supercluster consists of approximately 300 to 500 known galaxy clusters and groups. The real number may be much larger because some of these are traversing the Zone of Avoidance, an area of the sky that is partially obscured by gas and dust from the Milky Way galaxy, making them essentially undetectable. Superclusters are some of the universe's largest structures and have boundaries that are difficult to define, especially from the inside. Within a given supercluster, most galaxy motions will be directed inward, toward the center of mass. In the case of Laniakea, this gravitational focal point is called the Great Attractor, and influences the motions of the Local Group of galaxies, where the Milky Way galaxy resides, and all others throughout the supercluster. Unlike its constituent clusters, Laniakea is not gravitationally bound and is projected to be torn apart by dark energy.^[7] Although the confirmation of the existence of the Laniakea Supercluster emerged in 2014,^[3] early studies in the 1980s already suggested that several of the superclusters then known might be connected. For example, South African astronomer Tony Fairall stated in 1988 that redshifts suggested that the Virgo and Hydra-Centaurus superclusters may be connected.^[14] Location[edit] The neighboring superclusters to the Laniakea Supercluster are the Shapley Supercluster, Hercules Supercluster, Coma Supercluster and Perseus-Pisces Supercluster. The edges of the superclusters and Laniakea were not clearly known at the time of Laniakea's definition. ^[6] Since then, the study of the edges of the supercluster and of structures beyond them has substantially improved.^[15]^[16] Laniakea is itself a constituent part of the Pisces-Cetus Supercluster Complex, a galaxy filament. See also[edit] * Dipole repeller * Galaxy cluster * Galaxy filament * Illustris project * Local Void - nearest neighboring void * Supercluster * Void (astronomy) References[edit] 1. ^ "The Milky Way's 'City' Just Got a New Name". Bloomberg.com. CityLab. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014. 2. ^ Taylor, Charles (2014). Science Encyclopedia. Kingfisher. 3. ^ ^a ^b ^c Tully, R. Brent; Courtois, Helene; Hoffman, Yehuda; Pomarede, Daniel (Sep 2014). "The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies". Nature. 513 (7516): 71-73. arXiv:1409.0880. Bibcode: 2014Natur.513...71T. doi:10.1038/nature13674. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25186900. S2CID 205240232. 4. ^ Tempel, Elmo (2014-09-01). "Cosmology: Meet the Laniakea supercluster". Nature. 513 (7516): 41-42. Bibcode: 2014Natur.513...41T. doi:10.1038/513041a. PMID 25186896. 5. ^ "Newly identified galactic supercluster is home to the Milky Way". National Radio Astronomy Observatory. ScienceDaily. 3 September 2014. 6. ^ ^a ^b Irene Klotz (2014-09-03). "New map shows Milky Way lives in Laniakea galaxy complex". Reuters. Reuters. 7. ^ ^a ^b Elizabeth Gibney (3 September 2014). "Earth's new address: 'Solar System, Milky Way, Laniakea'". Nature. doi: 10.1038/nature.2014.15819. 8. ^ Quenqua, Douglas (3 September 2014). "Astronomers Give Name to Network of Galaxies". New York Times. Retrieved 4 September 2014. 9. ^ Carlisle, Camille M. (3 September 2014). "Laniakea: Our Home Supercluster". Sky and Telescope. Retrieved 3 September 2014. 10. ^ Chon, Gayoung; Bohringer, Hans; Zaroubi, Saleem (2015). "On the definition of superclusters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 575: L14. arXiv:1502.04584. Bibcode:2015A&A...575L..14C. doi:10.1051/ 0004-6361/201425591. S2CID 119195010. 11. ^ "Multimedia Gallery - | NSF - National Science Foundation". 12. ^ "Astronomers define boundaries of our home supercluster and name it Laniakea | EarthSky.org". earthsky.org. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 2020-09-06. 13. ^ Mitra, Shyamal (1989). "A Study of the Southern Supercluster". The World of Galaxies. New York, NY.: Springer. pp. 426-427. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9356-6_65. ISBN 978-1-4613-9358-0. Archived from the original on 9 June 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2020. 14. ^ Fairall, Anthony Patrick (1988). "A redshift map of the Triangulum Australe-Ara region - Further indication that Centaurus and Pavo are one and the same supercluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 230 (1): 69-77. Bibcode:1988MNRAS.230...69F. doi:10.1093/mnras/230.1.69. 15. ^ News, U. H. "Astronomers map massive structure beyond Laniakea Supercluster | University of Hawai`i System News". Retrieved 2020-09-10. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help) 16. ^ Pomarede, Daniel; Tully, R. Brent; Graziani, Romain; Courtois, Helene M.; Hoffman, Yehuda; Lezmy, Jeremy (2020-07-01). "Cosmicflows-3: The South Pole Wall". The Astrophysical Journal. 897 (2): 133. arXiv:2007.04414. Bibcode:2020ApJ...897..133P. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952. S2CID 220425419. Further reading[edit] * R. Brent Tully; Helene Courtois; Yehuda Hoffman; Daniel Pomarede (2 September 2014). "The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies". Nature (published 4 September 2014). 513 (7516): 71-3. arXiv: 1409.0880. Bibcode:2014Natur.513...71T. doi:10.1038/nature13674. PMID 25186900. S2CID 205240232. * Meet Laniakea, Our Home Supercluster External links[edit] [34p] Wikiquote has quotations related to Laniakea Supercluster. * # Vimeo, "Laniakea Supercluster", Daniel Pomarede, 4 September 2014--video representation of the findings of the discovery paper * # YouTube, "Laniakea: Our Home Supercluster", Nature Video, 3 September 2014--Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea. * v * t * e Solar System [660px-Solar_System_true_color_banner_version] * Sun * Mercury * Venus * Earth * Mars * Jupiter * Saturn * Uranus * Neptune * Terrestrials + Mercury + Venus + Earth + Mars * Giants + Gas o Jupiter o Saturn + Ice Planets o Uranus and o Neptune dwarfs * Dwarfs * Fifth giant + Ceres * Nemesis + Orcus * Phaeton + Pluto * Planet Nine + Haumea * Planet V + Quaoar Hypothetical * Planet X + Makemake objects * Subsatellites + Gonggong * Theia + Eris * Tyche + Sedna * Vulcan * Vulcanoids * Earth + Moon * Colonization + other near-Earth * Discovery objects + astronomy * Mars + historical + Phobos models + Deimos + timeline * Jupiter * Space probes + Ganymede + timeline + Callisto + list + Io * Human spaceflight + Europa + space stations + all 95 + list * Saturn + programs + Titan Exploration * Mercury + Rhea (outline) * Venus + Iapetus * Moon + Dione + mining + Tethys * Mars + Enceladus * Ceres + Mimas * Asteroids + Hyperion + mining + Phoebe * Comets + all 146 * Jupiter * Uranus * Saturn + Titania * Uranus + Oberon * Neptune Moons + Umbriel * Pluto + Ariel * Deep space + Miranda + all 27 * Star formation * Neptune * Accretion + Triton * Accretion disk + Proteus + Excretion disk + Nereid * Circumplanetary + all 14 disk * Orcus * Circumstellar disc + Vanth * Circumstellar * Pluto envelope + Charon * Coatlicue + Nix * Cosmic dust + Hydra * Debris disk + Kerberos * Detached object + Styx * EXCEDE * Haumea * Exozodiacal dust + Hi`iaka * Extraterrestrial + Namaka materials * Quaoar + Sample + Weywot curation * Makemake + Sample-return + S/2015 (136472) 1 mission * Gonggong * Frost/Ice/Snow + Xiangliu line * Eris * Giant-impact + Dysnomia hypothesis * Gravitational * Jovian collapse * Saturnian (Rhean) * Hills cloud * Charikloan Formation * Hill sphere * Chironean and * Interplanetary Rings * Uranian evolution dust cloud * Neptunian * Interplanetary * Haumean medium/space * Quaoarian * Interstellar cloud * Interstellar * Comets medium * Damocloids * Interstellar space * Meteoroids * Kuiper belt * Minor planets * Kuiper cliff + names and * Molecular cloud meanings * Nebular hypothesis + moons * Oort cloud * Planetesimal * Outer space * Planetary * Planet orbit-crossing minor + Disrupted planets + Migration + Mercury + System + Venus + Planetesimal + Earth + Formation + Mars o Merging + Jupiter stars + Saturn + Protoplanetary + Uranus disk + Neptune * Ring system * Trojans * Roche limit + Venus + vs. Hill + Earth sphere + Mars * Rubble pile + Jupiter * Scattered disc o Trojan camp Small o Greek camp * Comets Solar + Saturn Moons * Possible dwarf System + Uranus planets Bodies + Neptune * Gravitationally * Near-Earth objects rounded objects * Asteroid belt * Minor planets * Asteroids * Natural satellites + Ceres * Solar System + Vesta Lists models + Pallas * Solar System + Hygiea objects + active + by size + first 1000 + by discovery + families date + PHA * Interstellar and + exceptional circumstellar * Kirkwood gap molecules * Cis-Neptunian objects + Centaurs + Neptune trojans * Trans-Neptunian objects + Kuiper belt o Cubewanos o Plutinos + Detached objects + Sednoids + Scattered disc + Oort cloud * Hills cloud * Outline of the Solar System * # Solar System portal * # Astronomy portal * # Earth sciences portal Solar System - Local Interstellar Cloud - Local Bubble - Gould Belt - Orion Arm - Milky Way - Milky Way subgroup - Local Group - Local Sheet - Virgo Supercluster - Laniakea Supercluster - KBC Void - Observable universe - Universe Each arrow (-) may be read as "within" or "part of". 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