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[Preprint notice         ]
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. 2023 Mar 21;2023.03.18.23287442.
doi: 10.1101/2023.03.18.23287442. Preprint

The Role of Diet on the Gut Microbiome, Mood and Happiness

Sydney E Martin, Colleen S Kraft, Thomas R Ziegler, Erin C Millson, 
Lavanya Rishishwar, Greg S Martin

  * PMID: 36993403
  * PMCID: PMC10055576
  * DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.23287442

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The Role of Diet on the Gut Microbiome, Mood and Happiness

Sydney E Martin et al. medRxiv. 2023.
Free PMC article
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. 2023 Mar 21;2023.03.18.23287442.
doi: 10.1101/2023.03.18.23287442. Preprint

Authors

Sydney E Martin, Colleen S Kraft, Thomas R Ziegler, Erin C Millson, 
Lavanya Rishishwar, Greg S Martin

  * PMID: 36993403
  * PMCID: PMC10055576
  * DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.23287442

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Abstract

The gut microbiome may be both helpful and harmful, and not only is
it affected by diet, it has also been shown to affect mental health
including personality, mood, anxiety and depression. In this clinical
study we assessed dietary nutrient composition, mood, happiness, and
the gut microbiome in order to understand the role of diet in the gut
microbiome and how that affects mood and happiness. For this pilot
study, we enrolled 20 adults to follow this protocol: recording a
2-day food log, sampling their gut microbiome, and completing five
validated surveys of mental health, mood, happiness and well-being,
followed by a minimum 1 week diet change and repeating the food log,
microbiome sampling and the 5 surveys. The change from a
predominantly Western diet to vegetarian, Mediterranean and ketogenic
diets led to changes in calorie and fiber intake. After the diet
change, we observed significant changes in measures of anxiety,
well-being and happiness, and without changes in gut microbiome
diversity. We found strong correlations between greater consumption
of fat and protein to lower anxiety and depression, while consuming
higher percentages of carbohydrates was associated with increased
stress, anxiety, and depression. We also found strong negative
correlations between total calories and total fiber intake with gut
microbiome diversity without correlations to measures of mental
health, mood or happiness. We have shown that changing diet affects
mood and happiness, that greater fat and carbohydrate intake is
directly associated with anxiety and depression and inversely
correlated with gut microbiome diversity. This study is an important
step towards understanding how our diet affects the gut microbiome
and in turn our mood, happiness and mental health.

Figures

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

Correlation between uBiome diversity and...

Figure 6.

Correlation between uBiome diversity and total fiber for all
timepoints (p=0.0533)

Figure 6.
Correlation between uBiome diversity and total fiber for all
timepoints (p=0.0533)
Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Timeline for participant completion of...

Figure 1.

Timeline for participant completion of the study.

Figure 1.
Timeline for participant completion of the study.
Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Diet Types at Baseline and...

Figure 2.

Diet Types at Baseline and at Follow-Up

Figure 2.
Diet Types at Baseline and at Follow-Up
Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Changes in Mood and Happiness...

Figure 3.

Changes in Mood and Happiness after Diet Change

Figure 3.
Changes in Mood and Happiness after Diet Change
Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Change in HADS Anxiety correlation...

Figure 4.

Change in HADS Anxiety correlation with change in percent fat
(p-value of 0.0239)

Figure 4.
Change in HADS Anxiety correlation with change in percent fat
(p-value of 0.0239)
Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Change in HADS Anxiety correlation...

Figure 5.

Change in HADS Anxiety correlation with change in percent
carbohydrates (p-value of 0.0041)

Figure 5.
Change in HADS Anxiety correlation with change in percent
carbohydrates (p-value of 0.0041)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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