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9th February 2023: PostgreSQL 15.2, 14.7, 13.10, 12.14, and 11.19
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Documentation - PostgreSQL 15
Supported Versions: Current (15) / 14 / 13 / 12 / 11
Development Versions: devel
Unsupported versions: 10 / 9.6 / 9.5 / 9.4 / 9.3 / 9.2 / 9.1 / 9.0 /
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                Chapter 36. ECPG -- Embedded SQL in C
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Chapter 36. ECPG -- Embedded SQL in C

Table of Contents

36.1. The Concept
36.2. Managing Database Connections

    36.2.1. Connecting to the Database Server
    36.2.2. Choosing a Connection
    36.2.3. Closing a Connection

36.3. Running SQL Commands

    36.3.1. Executing SQL Statements
    36.3.2. Using Cursors
    36.3.3. Managing Transactions
    36.3.4. Prepared Statements

36.4. Using Host Variables

    36.4.1. Overview
    36.4.2. Declare Sections
    36.4.3. Retrieving Query Results
    36.4.4. Type Mapping
    36.4.5. Handling Nonprimitive SQL Data Types
    36.4.6. Indicators

36.5. Dynamic SQL

    36.5.1. Executing Statements without a Result Set
    36.5.2. Executing a Statement with Input Parameters
    36.5.3. Executing a Statement with a Result Set

36.6. pgtypes Library

    36.6.1. Character Strings
    36.6.2. The numeric Type
    36.6.3. The date Type
    36.6.4. The timestamp Type
    36.6.5. The interval Type
    36.6.6. The decimal Type
    36.6.7. errno Values of pgtypeslib
    36.6.8. Special Constants of pgtypeslib

36.7. Using Descriptor Areas

    36.7.1. Named SQL Descriptor Areas
    36.7.2. SQLDA Descriptor Areas

36.8. Error Handling

    36.8.1. Setting Callbacks
    36.8.2. sqlca
    36.8.3. SQLSTATE vs. SQLCODE

36.9. Preprocessor Directives

    36.9.1. Including Files
    36.9.2. The define and undef Directives
    36.9.3. ifdef, ifndef, elif, else, and endif Directives

36.10. Processing Embedded SQL Programs
36.11. Library Functions
36.12. Large Objects
36.13. C++ Applications

    36.13.1. Scope for Host Variables
    36.13.2. C++ Application Development with External C Module

36.14. Embedded SQL Commands

    ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR -- allocate an SQL descriptor area
    CONNECT -- establish a database connection
    DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR -- deallocate an SQL descriptor area
    DECLARE -- define a cursor
    DECLARE STATEMENT -- declare SQL statement identifier
    DESCRIBE -- obtain information about a prepared statement or
        result set
    DISCONNECT -- terminate a database connection
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE -- dynamically prepare and execute a statement
    GET DESCRIPTOR -- get information from an SQL descriptor area
    OPEN -- open a dynamic cursor
    PREPARE -- prepare a statement for execution
    SET AUTOCOMMIT -- set the autocommit behavior of the current
        session
    SET CONNECTION -- select a database connection
    SET DESCRIPTOR -- set information in an SQL descriptor area
    TYPE -- define a new data type
    VAR -- define a variable
    WHENEVER -- specify the action to be taken when an SQL statement
        causes a specific class condition to be raised

36.15. Informix Compatibility Mode

    36.15.1. Additional Types
    36.15.2. Additional/Missing Embedded SQL Statements
    36.15.3. Informix-compatible SQLDA Descriptor Areas
    36.15.4. Additional Functions
    36.15.5. Additional Constants

36.16. Oracle Compatibility Mode
36.17. Internals

This chapter describes the embedded SQL package for PostgreSQL. It
was written by Linus Tolke (<linus@epact.se>) and Michael Meskes (<
meskes@postgresql.org>). Originally it was written to work with C. It
also works with C++, but it does not recognize all C++ constructs
yet.

This documentation is quite incomplete. But since this interface is
standardized, additional information can be found in many resources
about SQL.

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