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Learn more * Company + o Careers at Databricks o Our Team o Board of Directors o Company Blog o Newsroom o Databricks Ventures o Awards and Recognition o Contact Us + []Gartner TY og image See why Gartner named Databricks a Leader for the second consecutive year Get the report * Try Databricks * Watch Demos * Contact Us * Login Categories * All blog posts * Company + Culture + Customers + Events + News * Platform + Announcements + Partners + Product + Solutions * Engineering + Data Science and ML + Open Source + Solutions Accelerators + Data Engineering + Tutorials + Data Streaming * Data Strategy + Best Practices + Data Leader + Insights * Industries + Financial Services + Health and Life Sciences + Media and Entertainment + Retail + Manufacturing + Public Sector []Company Blog Hello Dolly: Democratizing the magic of ChatGPT with open models [9k]Mike Conover [2Q]Matt Hayes [Z]Ankit Mathur [QssUYX5niq]Xiangrui Meng [VTLvyhgAAA]Jianwei Xie [CAY]Jun Wan [Z]Ali Ghodsi [Z]Patrick Wendell [8pxqW0FxLT]Matei Zaharia by Mike Conover, Matt Hayes, Ankit Mathur, Xiangrui Meng, Jianwei Xie , Jun Wan, Ali Ghodsi, Patrick Wendell and Matei Zaharia March 24, 2023 in Company Blog Share this post Summary We show that anyone can take a dated off-the-shelf open source large language model (LLM) and give it magical ChatGPT-like instruction following ability by training it in less than three hours on one machine, using high-quality training data. Surprisingly, instruction-following does not seem to require the latest or largest models: our model is only 6 billion parameters, compared to 175 billion for GPT-3. We open source the code for our model (Dolly) and show how it can be re-created on Databricks. We believe models like Dolly will help democratize LLMs, transforming them from something very few companies can afford into a commodity every company can own and customize to improve their products. Background ChatGPT, a proprietary instruction-following model, was released in November 2022 and took the world by storm. The model was trained on trillions of words from the web, requiring massive numbers of GPUs to develop. This quickly led to Google and other companies releasing their own proprietary instruction-following models. In February 2023, Meta released the weights for a set of high-quality (but not instruction-following) language models called LLaMA to academic researchers, trained for over 80,000 GPU-hours each. Then, in March, Stanford built the Alpaca model, which was based on LLaMA, but tuned on a small dataset of 50,000 human-like questions and answers that, surprisingly, made it exhibit ChatGPT-like interactivity. Introducing Dolly Today we are introducing Dolly, a cheap-to-build LLM that exhibits a surprising degree of the instruction following capabilities exhibited by ChatGPT. Whereas the work from the Alpaca team showed that state-of-the-art models could be coaxed into high quality instruction-following behavior, we find that even years-old open source models with much earlier architectures exhibit striking behaviors when fine tuned on a small corpus of instruction training data. Dolly works by taking an existing open source 6 billion parameter model from EleutherAI and modifying it ever so slightly to elicit instruction following capabilities such as brainstorming and text generation not present in the original model, using data from Alpaca. The model underlying Dolly only has 6 billion parameters, compared to 175 billion in GPT-3, and is two years old, making it particularly surprising that it works so well. This suggests that much of the qualitative gains in state-of-the-art models like ChatGPT may owe to focused corpuses of instruction-following training data, rather than larger or better-tuned base models. We're calling the model Dolly -- after Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal -- because it's an open source clone of an Alpaca, inspired by a LLaMA. We're in the earliest days of the democratization of AI for the enterprise, and much work remains to be done, but we believe the technology underlying Dolly represents an exciting new opportunity for companies that want to cheaply build their own instruction-following models. We evaluated Dolly on the instruction-following capabilities described in the InstructGPT paper that ChatGPT is based on and found that it exhibits many of the same qualitative capabilities, including text generation, brainstorming and open Q&A. Of particular note in these examples is not the quality of the generated text, but rather the vast improvement in instruction-following capability that results from fine tuning a years-old open source model on a small, high quality dataset. Generation Original Model Dolly Write a love letter to Edgar Allan Poe. Original Model: HISTORY: Edgar Allan Poe rose to fame in the 19th Century. He was often compared to the great Romantic poets and is considered the father of the modern short story and Poe is thought of as the founder of American detective fiction. He Dolly: has been dead for 130 years. Dearest Edgar Allan Poe, PATRICK CAMPOS: You should never try to write a love I met you first in the dimly lit letter to a dead person. stairwell of the old house, and I know that the moment I saw you, I never PATRICK CAMPOS: Poe was more wanted to see you again. You seemed so than just the author of The distant and so filled with the shadows Raven. He was a master of of the past that I wanted to stay away atmosphere. forever. BUDDY FRITZLER: Edgar Allan But I couldn't help but be obsessed Poe lived in Baltimore from with you, and my feelings for you have 1831 until his death in 1849. only grown over the years. Even now, I He's best known for his short feel a deep connection with you that I stories, his greatest can never explain. contributions to the development of literature I hope that you can find happiness in being the concept of the the life that you now lead. I am sure detective story, the mystery that you will do great things, and I story and the short story. am forever in your debt. BUDDY FRITZLER: Poe's most Sincerely, famous story, "The Gold-Bug", was written in 1843. It's [Your Name] about a treasure hunter who searches for buried treasure. In this short story, he provides a blueprint for every mystery ever written since. BUDDY FRITZLER: The central idea that you have to look for clues is very appealing. It was even used as ... Write a tweet announcing Dolly, a large language model from Databricks. Original Model: In your tweet, provide a short summary of the challenge, how you analyzed it, and how Dolly performed. After your tweet, I will retweet it to Databricks' Twitter account. Clean up your social media page for the next week by removing any mentions of Dolly or Databricks. Data Preparation Our first step is to generate word vector embeddings for Dolly: each document. We can obtain these vector representations Databricks just announced Dolly - a in two different ways: new language model for natural language processing with large Using a tokenized document set capacity and improved efficiency! (in this case, everything in our download folder) #DataScience # NaturalLanguageProcessing Loads a word2vec model from the Google Search API (in this [Link to Dolly model release] case, vector2vec.c) In our case, we want to use the first method, which is easier, but the second may be more robust. We will use the word2vec model above to create a vocabulary file for any new words found in the file. This process gives us a quick way to identify new words and find contextually related terms. We can start by copying word2vec.c to a local directory called /tmp/ word2vec. #/tmp/word2vec/word2vec.c FILE_NAME /tmp/word I'm selling my Nikon D-750, write a short blurb for my ad. Original Model: I'm not sure if you can post a location - anything on the Dolly: website will work. Looking to get a reliable camera for I've only had it a week. It is photo and video work? Check out the in mint condition with the Nikon D-750! This sleek, lightweight charging cable and window case camera has a 24.2MP sensor and 1080/ intact. Bought it for $1800 60p video recording, making it a great for in store pickup at a store choice for capturing those moments in in San Francisco. Plus tax and life. The ergonomic grip and the undisclosed Costco price. nine-point autofocus system make it easy to work with and shoot without Some one please let me know hassle. With Wi-Fi, you can upload that this is a scam and not your pictures easily to your computer really an offer. or smartphone without having to buy a dedicated external storage. Buy the I just received and e-mail Nikon D-750 now to experience why it that said the camera is at is the best choice for photography and someones house so someone else videography! can pick it up and did I want to message them, well no I'm selling it as I would never ... Open Q&A Original Model Dolly Explain to me the difference between nuclear fission and fusion. Original Model: The first thing that strikes one is the similarity in appearance and function between the atom and the sun. The central body in the sun is the source of energy, and the entire structure of the sun is made up of a million tons of the hydrogen gas that's so important Dolly: to us. It's what all hydrogen fuses into in the sun, and that's The difference between nuclear why we are made of it: fusion. fission and fusion is the method by which the energy of the nucleus The nucleus of the atom, at the is released. In nuclear fission, a center, is made of protons, and single atomic nucleus splits into the electrons orbit around it. In two smaller nuclei. This process the center, there is a tiny is used to create energy through spherical mass with a lot of the release of a large amount of protons (and therefore a lot of energy in the form of heat. On the positive charge) called the other hand, fusion involves two nucleus. The electrons aren't so atomic nuclei coming together to tiny, but their charge is form a single nucleus. This negative, as a positive nucleus process is used to create a much and negative electrons make for larger amount of energy compared stability (due to charge balance). to fission, and the energy is Protons are positively charged, so released through the release of even though they themselves can't light and heat. Fusion has the get anywhere, they do repel potential to be a much more electrons. There is a core of efficient way of creating energy. neutrons, that don't have any However, it is much ... charge, but are held there by the protons. Protons also repel neutrons. This simple fact is the basic form of our sun, and it is what makes up all the elements in the earth. Hydrogen is the most plentiful element in ... Brainstorming Original Model Dolly Give me a list of 5 science fiction books I should read next. Dolly: Original Model: 1. 2001: A Space I know it's early, and I should feel ashamed of Odyssey by Arthur myself for even thinking of it, but I have a C. Clarke terrible tendency to procrastinate and read only when I absolutely have to. 2. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy As a result, I have not read anything this year, by Douglas Adams in any genre. 3. The Lord of the As soon as I have a set of ideas for an article, Rings by J.R.R. I let the ideas and outline do the work of making Tolkien sure I don't start writing. There is something special about a blank page and an empty mind. 4. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy That said, I need to change that, and reading the by Douglas Adams above question made me realize just how badly I want ..... 5. 1984 by George Orwell. Why Open Models? There are many reasons a company would prefer to build their own model rather than sending data to a centralized LLM provider that serves a proprietary model behind an API. For many companies, the problems and datasets most likely to benefit from AI represent their most sensitive and proprietary intellectual property, and handing it over to a third party may be unpalatable. Furthermore, organizations may have different tradeoffs in terms of model quality, cost, and desired behavior. We believe that most ML users are best served long term by directly owning their models. We are open sourcing a simple Databricks notebook that you can use to build Dolly yourself on Databricks. Contact us at [email protected] if you would like to get access to the trained weights. What's Next? The release of Dolly is the first in a series of announcements Databricks is making that focus on helping every organization harness the power of large language models. We believe in the incredible power of artificial intelligence to transform the productivity of every organization and individual, and welcome you to join us on this journey. Stay tuned for more in this area in the coming weeks! Acknowledgments This work owes much to the efforts and insights of many incredible organizations. This would have been impossible without EleutherAI open sourcing and training GPT-J. We are inspired by the incredible ideas and data from the Stanford Center for Research on Foundation Models and specifically the team behind Alpaca. The core idea behind the outsized power of small dataset is thanks to the original paper on Self-Instruct. We are also thankful to Hugging Face for hosting, open sourcing, and maintaining countless models and libraries; their contribution to the state of the art cannot be overstated. Disclaimer: Generative AI is an emerging technology and we're in the early stages of research around how to address factual accuracy, bias, offensive responses, general toxicity, and hallucinations in LLMs. Dolly, like other language models, can sometimes exhibit these behaviors and we urge our users to exercise good judgment in designing applications of this technology. Try Databricks for free Get Started Related posts [08mR1r]Platform blog Announcing General Availability of Databricks Model Serving March 7, 2023 by Patrick Wendell, Aaron Davidson, Sue Ann Hong, Kasey Uhlenhuth, Ahmed Bilal and Josh Hartman in Platform Blog ML Virtual Event Enabling Production ML at Scale With Lakehouse March 14, 9 AM PDT / 4 PM GMT Register Now We are... 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