https://www.wired.com/story/australia-psilocybin-mdma-approval/ Skip to main content Open Navigation Menu To revist this article, visit My Profile, then View saved stories. Close Alert WIRED MDMA and Psilocybin Are Approved as Medicines for the First Time * Backchannel * Business * Culture * Gear * Ideas * Science * Security More To revist this article, visit My Profile, then View saved stories. Close Alert Sign In Search * Backchannel * Business * Culture * Gear * Ideas * Science * Security * Podcasts * Video * Artificial Intelligence * Climate * Games * Newsletters * Magazine * Events * Wired Insider * Jobs * Coupons Magic Mushrooms in container Photograph: Jon Cartwright/Getty Images Grace Browne Science Feb 3, 2023 4:12 PM MDMA and Psilocybin Are Approved as Medicines for the First Time Many are celebrating Australia's decision to pave the way for these psychedelic therapies, but questions around accessibility remain. * * * * * * * * In a world-first, Australia has announced it will officially recognize MDMA and psilocybin as medicines. On February 3, Australia's Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)--the government authority responsible for regulating medicines--announced that starting July 1, 2023, authorized psychiatrists will be able to prescribe MDMA for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psilocybin, the active ingredient in magic mushrooms, for treatment-resistant depression. Because the TGA has yet to approve any actual medicines that contain MDMA or psilocybin, patients will initially be receiving "unapproved" medicines containing the substances. The decision came as a big surprise. At the end of December 2021, the same regulatory body decided against down-scheduling the drugs for use in a medical context. "When I woke up, my email was completely flooded with people saying: 'Have you heard what's happened?' I was shocked by the decision," says Simon Ruffell, a psychiatrist and senior research fellow at the Psychae Institute at the University of Melbourne. Before advocates celebrate, experts warn that there are still many questions around just how many people will be actually able to access these treatments come July 1, as well as whether Australia has jumped the gun before gathering enough evidence on how to roll out these treatments effectively and safely. "I think it will take a while to ramp up," says Daniel Perkins, adjunct associate professor at the Centre for Mental Health at Swinburne University and a senior research fellow at the University of Melbourne. This is wise, he says: Let it gradually open up to see what works well and what does not. "They've probably intentionally done it this way." The path for a psychiatrist to get the all-clear to dole out the drugs could be lengthy and twisted. First, psychiatrists will need to be approved under Australia's Authorised Prescriber Scheme, which means being endorsed by a human research ethics committee and then the TGA. For this, they'll need to prove that they can clinically justify the treatment regime, that they will have proper governance over the treatment process, and that they will be using suitable measures to protect patients. What exactly these measures look like in practice have yet to be laid out in detail by the TGA. Plus, the TGA has yet to provide any detail regarding the minimum training standards required for psychiatrists to become authorized prescribers. This makes exactly how these treatments will be prescribed ambiguous, considering the bedrock of evidence to support them involves patients receiving therapy from trained professionals alongside the drugs themselves. Because of this--and because the TGA has put the onus on the psychiatrist to demonstrate that their prescribing practices are appropriate--providing therapy in conjunction with the drugs will likely be required, says Rhys Cohen, who is on the non-executive advisory board of the Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics at the University of Sydney and consults for the medical cannabis industry. And not just any psychiatrist or psychologist can safely administer these kinds of therapies. Ruffell points out that in well-established Indigenous psychedelic practices around the world, people spend five to 10 years, at least, training to be able to work with these kinds of substances. "I think that a grave error would be to think that psychiatric and psychological qualifications are transferable to psychedelic substances without additional training." Most Popular * red television remote entangled in a chain with a closed padlock on a red background Security Netflix's US Password-Sharing Crackdown Isn't Happening--Yet Lily Hay Newman * 3D illustration of metal ball flying off of a broken wavy track Business Layoffs Broke Big Tech's Elite College Hiring Pipeline Anna Kramer * gonorrhea bacteria in circular shape against black background Science The Last Drug That Can Fight Gonorrhea Is Starting to Falter Maryn McKenna * Samsung Galaxy S23, S23+, and S23 Ultra next to colorful props Gear Everything Samsung Announced at Galaxy Unpacked 2023 Julian Chokkattu * Another barrier to access will likely be cost. The treatments won't be covered by health insurance, "so it's probably initially going to be a therapy for relatively well-off people who have these conditions," Perkins says. Some worry that Australia may be putting the cart before the horse in terms of the safety and long-term effects of these treatments. "We haven't even looked at any longer term data yet," says Ruffell. "The longest data that we have is 12 months. We don't really know what happens later down the line." But on the other hand, "the benefit, particularly for the treatment-resistant conditions that they're talking about--PTSD and depression--could be really huge," says Perkins. Mostly, there's a sense of surprise that Australia is first off the mark. At the beginning of 2023, Oregon became the first US state to allow adult use of psilocybin "under the supervision of a state-certified facilitator," though the substance remains an unapproved investigational drug in the US for now. It's been predicted that the US Food and Drug Administration will approve MDMA for the treatment of PTSD in 2024. Switzerland allows a limited number of psychiatrists to use LSD and MDMA to assist psychotherapy. How the scheme unfolds in Australia will likely impact whether other countries choose to offer the drugs for therapeutic purposes in the future--and that includes if it goes wrong and people get harmed. "I think the eyes of the world will be watching Australia now," Ruffell says. For Ruffell, the optimist in him is excited that psychedelic medicine is finally getting somewhere. "And then the pessimist is like, could this have a negative outcome?" he says. "I hope not. But that will be determined in the future." More Great WIRED Stories * The latest on tech, science, and more: Get our newsletters! * Life as a 21st-century trucker * The 'enshittification' of TikTok * Big Tech is really bad at firing people * The internet is breeding hordes of adult Bluey fans * ChatGPT is coming for classrooms. Don't panic * [?] Explore AI like never before with our new database * Optimize your home life with our Gear team's best picks, from robot vacuums to affordable mattresses to smart speakers [undefined] Grace Browne is a staff writer at WIRED, where she covers health. Prior to WIRED, her work appeared in New Scientist, BBC Future, Undark, OneZero, and Hakai. She is a graduate of University College Dublin and Imperial College London. Staff writer * Topicshealthmedicinedrugs More from WIRED Medical glass vials on blue background The Problematic Arrival of Anti-Obesity Drugs Fat activists say they're tools of coercion. Celebrities are taking them to get slim. Is this really the road people want to go down? Grace Browne Person using a syringe to extract vaccine from a vial In the Next Pandemic, Let's Pay People to Get Vaccinated Data from Sweden and the US suggests cash incentives increase uptake without denting people's trust in vaccines or future willingness to get them. 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