https://ws-dl.blogspot.com/2022/12/2022-12-12-twitter-dm-videos-are.html Skip to main content Search This Blog [ ] [Search] Web Science and Digital Libraries Research Group Research and Teaching Updates from the Web Science and Digital Libraries Research Group (@WebSciDL) at Old Dominion University. 2022-12-12: Twitter DM Videos Are Accessible to Unauthenticated Users * Get link * Facebook * Twitter * Pinterest * Email * Other Apps By Michael L. Nelson - December 12, 2022 [Screen] @Whitekitty2012 DMing @BKitty2020 an image -- Twitter works very hard to protect this image from access by third parties. [Screen] @Whitekitty2012 DMing @BKitty2020 a video -- unlike the image above, this video has no HTTP protection. We have created a simple example that demonstrates that while Twitter goes to great lengths to protect images shared in direct messages (DMs), the videos shared in DMs enjoy no such protections. Both image and video URLs are named based on hashes and would be difficult if not functionally impossible to guess: Image URL: https://ton.twitter.com/i/ton/data/dm/1600870219324465156/ 1600870190459256832/KM0EBzij.jpg:small Video URL: https://video.twimg.com/dm_video/1600877027330064385/pl/ 320x180/Vn4h39llbQ0jfr1D.m3u8?container=fmp4 However, if the URLs are somehow leaked (e.g., guessing, reverse engineering, brute force, exported through HAR files, intercepted by proxies), twitter.com protects the DM images from unauthorized HTTP access through session-specific cookies, but the DM videos are available for anyone to access with no HTTP protection. In short, videos in DMs are protected only through their opaque URLs. [Screen] Right clicking on the URL and choosing "Copy as curl" reproduces the HTTP request your browser used to request this image. The curl request which duplicates the above browser request returns a 200 OK response: In the screenshot below, right-clicking on the image URL and selecting "Copy as curl" allows one to reproduce the request sent by the browser to the server. The example uses the HTTP cookie from @Whitekitty2012 and if that session is closed, the URL is no longer accessible: If a user who is logged in but not part of the DM conversation attempts to access the URL, the server will return a 404. After the session has ended, the server will eventually not even return an HTTP response for the image; it will just silently fail. Even though Twitter DM images have opaque URLs, Twitter works very hard to protect access to image URLs: they are protected by session Cookies and cannot be accessed if the session is not active or if members outside of the conversation attempt to access the URL. Twitter DM videos are also opaquely named, but there is no HTTP protection for their URLs. The screenshots below show the browser dev tools, and right-clicking on the "m3u8" file. [Screen] Right-clicking on the .m3u8 file. [Screen] The same image as above, just scrolled down. Right-clicking on the video URL and selecting "Copy as curl" allows us to get the Media Playlist for the Fragmented MP4 file (RFC 8216): We can convert the relative URLs in the Media Playlist to full URLs and write a small script to grab all the parts and then concatenate them together. Note that no HTTP Cookies are required. We also pushed the .mp4 and .m4s files into the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine using the Save Page Now interface. Note that most public web archives, the Wayback Machine runs without being logged into Twitter -- this means that the fact that Wayback Machine could archive these video files means they were not protected at all. Below is a similar script as above, but here we are accessing the Twitter DM video files after we've pushed them into the Wayback Machine: In summary, Twitter works very hard to protect images shared in DMs, but offers no HTTP protection to videos shared in DMs. Yes, the URL names are presumably difficult if not impossible to guess, but there could be heretofore unknown mechanisms for an attacker to exfiltrate or reverse engineer these URLs, in which case the videos can be accessed by anyone unauthenticated client on the web. We reported this situation to Twitter via HackerOne (#1798935), but the report was triaged and closed. A more detailed version of this vulnerability is provided in: Michael L. Nelson, Twitter DM Videos Are Accessible to Unauthenticated Users, arXiv:2212.05322, 2022. --Michael [wk-bk] The shared image, White Kitty (background) and Black Kitty (foreground). [Screen] The reported issue; triaged & closed. cybersecurity HTTP Twitter * Get link * Facebook * Twitter * Pinterest * Email * Other Apps Comments Post a Comment Powered by Blogger Web Science and Digital Libraries This blog is used to communicate research and education updates from the Web Science and Digital Libraries Research Group at Old Dominion University. Annual summaries are available for 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018 , 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, and 2013. Faculty: * Michael L. Nelson * Michele C. Weigle * Sampath Jayarathna * Jian Wu * Vikas Ashok * Faryaneh Poursardar You can also follow us on Twitter: @WebSciDL -- Michael L. 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