https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEEMO NEEMO From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operation project NEEMO Program NEEMO Program Seal.png Aquarius external.jpg A NEEMO 11 crewmember works outside the undersea habitat "Aquarius" Mission "To see what extreme environmental challenges astronauts statement may face in space, and to form solutions by using the ocean, as an equivalent environment on earth" Location Florida, United States Owner NASA, Florida International University, Aquarius Reef Base Established 2001 (2001) Website www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NEEMO/index.html NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations, or NEEMO,^[1] is a NASA analog mission that sends groups of astronauts, engineers and scientists to live in Aquarius underwater laboratory, the world's only undersea research station, for up to three weeks at a time in preparation for future space exploration.^[2] Aquarius is an underwater habitat 3.5 miles (5.6 km) off Key Largo, Florida, in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. It is deployed on the ocean floor next to deep coral reefs 62 feet (19 m) below the surface. NASA has used it since 2001 for a series of space exploration simulation missions, usually lasting 7 to 14 days, with space research mainly conducted by international astronauts. The mission had cost about 500 million U.S. dollars. The crew members are called aquanauts (as they live underwater at depth pressure for a period equal to or greater than 24 continuous hours without returning to the surface), and they perform EVAs in the underwater environment.^[2] A technique known as saturation diving allows the aquanauts to live and work underwater for days or weeks at a time. After twenty four hours underwater at any depth, the human body becomes saturated with dissolved gas. With saturation diving, divers can accurately predict exactly how much time they need to decompress before returning to the surface. This information limits the risk of decompression sickness. By living in the Aquarius habitat and working at the same depth on the ocean floor, NEEMO crews are able to remain underwater for the duration of their mission. For NASA, the Aquarius habitat and its surroundings provide a convincing analog for space exploration.^[2] Much like space, the undersea world is a hostile, alien place for humans to live. NEEMO crew members experience some of the same challenges there that they would on a distant asteroid, planet (i.e. Mars) or Moon. During NEEMO missions, the aquanauts are able to simulate living on a spacecraft and test spacewalk techniques for future space missions. Working in space and underwater environments requires extensive planning and sophisticated equipment. The underwater condition has the additional benefit of allowing NASA to "weight" the aquanauts to simulate different gravity environments.^[3] Until 2012, Aquarius was owned by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and operated by the National Undersea Research Center (NURC) at the University of North Carolina-Wilmington as a marine biology study base. Since 2013, Aquarius is owned by Florida International University (FIU).^[4] As part of the FIU Marine Education and Research Initiative, the Medina Aquarius Program is dedicated to the study and preservation of marine ecosystems worldwide and is enhancing the scope and impact of FIU on research, educational outreach, technology development, and professional training. At the heart of the program is the Aquarius Reef Base.^[5] [ ] Contents * 1 Missions + 1.1 NEEMO 1: October 21-27, 2001 + 1.2 NEEMO 2: May 13-20, 2002 + 1.3 NEEMO 3: July 15-21, 2002 + 1.4 NEEMO 4: September 23-27, 2002 + 1.5 NEEMO 5: June 16-29, 2003 + 1.6 NEEMO 6: July 12-21, 2004 + 1.7 NEEMO 7: October 11-21, 2004 + 1.8 NEEMO 8: April 20-22, 2005 + 1.9 NEEMO 9: April 3-20, 2006 + 1.10 NEEMO 10: July 22-28, 2006 + 1.11 NEEMO 11: September 16-22, 2006 + 1.12 NEEMO 12: May 7-18, 2007 + 1.13 NEEMO 13: August 6-15, 2007 + 1.14 NEEMO 14: May 10-23, 2010 + 1.15 NEEMO 15: October 20-26, 2011 + 1.16 NEEMO 16: June 11-22, 2012 + 1.17 SEATEST II: September 9-13, 2013 + 1.18 NEEMO 18: July 21-29, 2014 + 1.19 NEEMO 19: September 7-13, 2014 + 1.20 NEEMO 20: July 20 - August 2, 2015 + 1.21 NEEMO 21: July 21 - August 5, 2016 + 1.22 NEEMO 22: June 18-27, 2017 + 1.23 NEEMO 23: June 10-22, 2019 * 2 See also * 3 References * 4 External links Missions[edit] NEEMO 1: October 21-27, 2001[edit] [280px-Aquarius_floorplan] Floorplan of Aquarius. [220px-NEEMO-1] The first NEEMO crew, L-R: in front, Mike Lopez-Alegria and Bill Todd, in back, Mike Gernhardt and Dave Williams NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Bill Todd, Commander^[6] * Michael L. Gernhardt * Michael Lopez-Alegria * Dafydd Williams, CSA NURC Support Crew: * Mark Hulsbeck * Ryan Snow NEEMO 2: May 13-20, 2002[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Michael Fincke, Commander^[6]^[7] * Daniel M. Tani * Sunita Williams * Marc Reagan NURC Support Crew: * Thor Dunmire * Ryan Snow NEEMO 3: July 15-21, 2002[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Jeffrey Williams, Commander^[6]^[8] * Gregory Chamitoff * John D. Olivas * Jonathan Dory NURC Support Crew: * Byron Croker * Michael Smith NEEMO 4: September 23-27, 2002[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Scott Kelly, Commander^[6]^[9]^[10]^[11] * Paul Hill * Rex Walheim * Jessica Meir NURC Support Crew: * James Talacek * Ryan Snow [220px-NEEMO5] NEEMO 5 crew members are pictured in the bunkroom aboard the Aquarius research habitat. Top, L-R: Reisman, Hwang; Middle: Whitson, Anderson; Bottom: Talacek, Snow. NEEMO 5: June 16-29, 2003[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Peggy Whitson, Commander^[6]^[12]^[13]^[14] * Clayton Anderson * Garrett Reisman * Emma Hwang NURC Support Crew: * James Talacek * Ryan Snow NEEMO 6: July 12-21, 2004[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * John Herrington, Commander^[15]^[16] * Nicholas Patrick * Douglas H. Wheelock * Tara Ruttley NURC Support Crew: * Craig B. Cooper * Joseph March * Marc Reagan, Mission Director NEEMO 7: October 11-21, 2004[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Robert Thirsk, Commander^[17]^[18]^[19] * Catherine Coleman * Michael R. Barratt * Craig McKinley NURC Support Crew: * James Talacek * Billy Cooksey * Bill Todd, Mission Director NEEMO 8: April 20-22, 2005[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Michael L. Gernhardt, Commander^[20]^[21] * John D. Olivas * Scott Kelly * Monika Schultz NURC Support Crew: * Craig B. Cooper * Joseph March * Bill Todd, Mission Director NEEMO 9: April 3-20, 2006[edit] [220px-NEEMO_9] The NEEMO 9 crew: Left to right (rear): Broderick, Williams; front: Stott, Garan. NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Dafydd Williams, Commander^[22]^[23] * Nicole P. Stott * Ronald J. Garan Jr. * Timothy J. Broderick, M.D. NURC Support Crew: * James F. Buckley * Ross Hein * Marc Reagan, Mission Director NEEMO 10: July 22-28, 2006[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Koichi Wakata, Commander^[24]^[25] * Andrew Feustel * Karen L. Nyberg * Karen Kohanowich NURC Support Crew: * Mark Hulsbeck * Dominic Landucci * Marc Reagan, Mission Director NEEMO 11: September 16-22, 2006[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Sandra Magnus, Commander^[26]^[27] * Timothy Kopra * Robert L. Behnken * Timothy Creamer NURC Support Crew: * Larry Ward * Roger Garcia * Marc Reagan, Mission Director NEEMO 12: May 7-18, 2007[edit] [220px-NEEMO12_rover] NEEMO 12 aquanaut Broderick works with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), called Scuttle. NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper, Commander^[28]^[29] * Jose M. Hernandez * Josef Schmid, M.D. * Timothy J. Broderick, M.D. NURC Support Crew: * Dominic Landucci * James Talacek * Marc Reagan, Mission Director NEEMO 13: August 6-15, 2007[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Nicholas Patrick, Commander^[30]^[31] * Richard R. Arnold * Satoshi Furukawa * Christopher E. Gerty NURC Support Crew: * James F. Buckley * Dewey Smith * Marc Reagan, Mission Director NEEMO 14: May 10-23, 2010[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Chris Hadfield, Commander^[32]^[33]^[34] * Thomas H. Marshburn * Andrew Abercromby * Steve Chappell Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * James Talacek * Nate Bender * Bill Todd, Mission Director NEEMO 15: October 20-26, 2011[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Shannon Walker, Commander^[35]^[36] * Takuya Onishi * David Saint-Jacques * Steve Squyres Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * James Talacek * Nate Bender DeepWorker 2000 submersible crew: * Stanley G. Love^[35] * Richard R. Arnold * Michael L. Gernhardt NEEMO 16: June 11-22, 2012[edit] [220px-NEEMO_16_crew_at_Aquariu] The NEEMO 16 crew: Left to right: Peake, Squyres, Brown, Yui, Metcalf-Lindenburger; inside habitat: Talacek. NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger, Commander^[37]^[38]^[39] * Kimiya Yui * Timothy Peake * Steve Squyres Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * James Talacek * Justin Brown DeepWorker 2000 submersible crew: * Stanley G. Love^[40]^[41]^[42]^[43] * Steve Giddings * Serena M. Aunon * Bill Todd * Michael L. Gernhardt * Andrew Abercromby * Steve Chappell SEATEST II: September 9-13, 2013[edit] Space Environment Analog for Testing EVA Systems and Training^[44] ( NEEMO 17 ) Designation skipped^[45] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Joseph M. Acaba, Commander * Kate Rubins * Andreas Mogensen * Soichi Noguchi Aquarius Reef Base support crew:^[46] * Mark Hulsbeck * Otto Rutten NEEMO 18: July 21-29, 2014[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Akihiko Hoshide, Commander * Jeanette J. Epps * Mark T. Vande Hei * Thomas Pesquet Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * James Talacek * Hank Stark (FIU) NEEMO 19: September 7-13, 2014[edit] [220px-NASA_NEEMO_19_Aquanaut_C] The NEEMO 19 crew: Left to right: Hansen, Stevenin, Mogensen, Bresnik; inside habitat: Hulsbeck, LaPete. NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Randolph Bresnik, Commander^[45] * Andreas Mogensen, Flight Engineer 1 * Jeremy Hansen, Flight Engineer 2 * Herve Stevenin,^[47] Flight Engineer 3 Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * Mark Hulsbeck * Ryan LaPete NEEMO 20: July 20 - August 2, 2015[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew:^[48] NASA NEEMO 20 Aquanaut Crew.jpg * Luca Parmitano, ESA, commander * Serena M. Aunon, NASA * David Coan, NASA EVA Management Office engineer^[49] * Norishige Kanai, JAXA Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * Mark Hulsbeck (FIU) * Sean Moore (FIU) NEEMO 20 mission objective was to simulate the time delays associated with sending and receiving commands between controllers on Earth and astronauts on Mars. Additional EVAs will simulate working on the surface of an asteroid, and the use of the DeepWorker submersible as an underwater stand-in for the Multi-Mission Space Exploration Vehicle.^[50] NEEMO 21: July 21 - August 5, 2016[edit] The NEEMO 21 mission was scheduled to begin July 18, 2016 and conclude August 3, 2016; however, the mission start was shifted to July 21, 2016 as a result of unfavorable weather conditions. NASA Aquanaut Crew:^[51] * Reid Wiseman, NASA, Commander 1 * Megan McArthur, NASA, Commander 2 * Marc O'Griofa * Matthias Maurer, ESA * Noel Du Toit * Dawn Kernagis Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * Hank Stark (FIU) * Sean Moore (FIU) NEEMO 22: June 18-27, 2017[edit] NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Kjell Lindgren, NASA, Commander * Pedro Duque, ESA * Trevor Graff, NASA/Jacobs * Dominic D'Agostino, USF Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * Mark Hulsbeck (FIU) * Sean Moore (FIU) NEEMO 23: June 10-22, 2019[edit] NASA all-female Aquanaut Crew:^[52] * Samantha Cristoforetti, ESA, Commander * Jessica Watkins, NASA astronaut candidate * Csilla Ari D'Agostino, a neurobiologist at the University of South Florida * Shirley Pomponi, Marine biologist at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute of Florida Atlantic University Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * Mark Hulsbeck (FIU) * Tom Horn (FIU) See also[edit] * Continental Shelf Station Two - Undersea research habitat in the Red Sea * SEALAB - Experimental underwater habitats developed by the United States Navy References[edit] 1. ^ Loff, Sarah (Jun 24, 2015). "NEEMO - NASA Extreme Environment MIssion Operations". NASA. 2. ^ ^a ^b ^c NASA (March 21, 2006). "NEEMO History". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved November 21, 2011 . 3. ^ Loff, Sarah (Jun 24, 2015). "About NEEMO (NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations)". NASA. 4. ^ Communications, Florida International University-Digital. "Medina Aquarius Program". environment.fiu.edu. 5. ^ Communications, Florida International University-Digital. "About". environment.fiu.edu. 6. ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e NASA (February 27, 2006). "Behind the Scenes: Training - NEEMO History". NASA. Archived from the original on July 15, 2003. Retrieved March 23, 2012. 7. ^ NASA (June 2011). "Astronaut Bio: Edward Michael "Mike" Fincke (06/2011)". NASA. Retrieved September 22, 2011. 8. ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). "Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment". NASA. Archived from the original on October 24, 2011 . Retrieved November 9, 2011. 9. ^ Walheim, Rex (September 24, 2002). "NEEMO 4 Journals". NASA. Archived from the original on July 24, 2003. Retrieved March 10, 2012. 10. ^ NOAA (May 17, 2010). "NEEMO 4 Journals". NOAA. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012. 11. ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). "Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012. 12. ^ NASA (2003). "NEEMO 5". NASA. Archived from the original on November 18, 2004. Retrieved March 10, 2012. 13. ^ "Aquarius - First Space Station Science Officer Leads Crew of Four NASA Aquanauts On 14-Day NOAA Aquarius Undersea Mission". University of North Carolina Wilmington. May 17, 2010. Archived from the original on December 12, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012. 14. ^ Whitson, Peggy (June 19, 2003). "NEEMO 5 Journals". NASA. Archived from the original on July 15, 2003. Retrieved March 10, 2012. 15. ^ NASA (August 3, 2004). "NEEMO 6". NASA. Archived from the original on November 18, 2004. Retrieved February 26, 2012. 16. ^ NASA (September 6, 2011). "Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment". NASA. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2012. 17. ^ NASA (October 13, 2004). "NEEMO 7". NASA. Archived from the original on October 30, 2004. Retrieved March 10, 2012. 18. ^ Canadian Space Agency (August 9, 2004). "CSA - Neemo 7 Mission" . Canadian Space Agency. Archived from the original on March 9, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012. 19. ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). "Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment". NASA. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012. 20. ^ NOAA (May 18, 2010). "NEEMO 8". University of North Carolina Wilmington. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2012. 21. ^ NASA (April 21, 2011). "Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment". NASA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2012. 22. ^ NASA (2006). "NASA's Undersea Crew is Heads Above Water". NASA. Retrieved September 23, 2011. 23. ^ NASA (April 3, 2006). "NASA's NEEMO 9 Aquanaut Human Performance Study Begins". NASA. Retrieved November 8, 2011. 24. ^ NASA (2006). "NASA Uses Undersea Lab to Prep for Future Space Exploration". NASA. Retrieved March 21, 2012. 25. ^ NASA (July 22, 2006). "NASA - NEEMO 10 Mission Journal". NASA. Retrieved March 21, 2012. 26. ^ NASA (May 11, 2010). "NEEMO 11". NASA. Retrieved September 26, 2011. 27. ^ NASA (September 1, 2006). "NASA Continues Space Exploration Research With Undersea Lab". NASA. Retrieved November 8, 2011. 28. ^ NASA (May 17, 2007). "NEEMO 12". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2012 . 29. ^ NEEMO 12 Topside Team (May 6, 2007). "NASA - NEEMO 12 Topside Journal". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2012. 30. ^ NASA (July 24, 2007). "NASA Announces Next Undersea Exploration Mission Dates and Crew". NASA. Retrieved February 3, 2012. 31. ^ Topside Team (August 8, 2007). "NEEMO 13 Topside Report - Training Week". NURC. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2012. 32. ^ NASA (July 9, 2010). "NASA - NEEMO 14". NASA. Retrieved March 18, 2012. 33. ^ Alexander, Aaron (2010). "Archive for the 'NEEMO 14' Mission". NURC. Archived from the original on March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2012. 34. ^ NASA (May 7, 2010). "NASA - NEEMO 14 Topside Report No. 1, May 7, 2010". NASA. Retrieved March 18, 2012. 35. ^ ^a ^b NASA (September 19, 2011). "NASA - NASA Announces 15th Undersea Exploration Mission Date And Crew". NASA. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 36. ^ NASA (October 27, 2011). "NASA - NEEMO 15 Topside Reports". NASA. Retrieved March 18, 2012. 37. ^ NASA (April 16, 2012). "NASA - NASA Announces 16th Undersea Exploration Mission Dates and Crews". NASA. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 38. ^ Peake, Tim (April 29, 2012). "NEEMO 16 - In search of an asteroid". European Space Agency. Retrieved May 3, 2012. 39. ^ The NEEMO Mission Management and Topside Support Team (June 12, 2012). "NEEMO 16 Mission Day 2 - Status Report" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved July 16, 2012. 40. ^ Love, Stan (June 17, 2012). "Dr. Love's Underwater Blog: NEEMO 16". NASA. Archived from the original on December 12, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 41. ^ Squyres, Steve (June 17, 2012). "NEEMO 16: EVA Divers and Subs" . NASA. Archived from the original on December 13, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 42. ^ Love, Stan (June 18, 2012). "Dr. Love's Underwater Blog: Mobility and Stability with DeepWorkers". NASA. Archived from the original on June 21, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 43. ^ Stevenin, Herve (June 19, 2012). "The NEEMO 16 Aquanauts meet the Men in Black". Yahoo! Inc. Retrieved July 13, 2012. 44. ^ Garcia, Mark (Apr 13, 2015). "NASA, International Partners Plan Undersea Training Mission". NASA. 45. ^ ^a ^b Bergin, Chris (June 11, 2014). "NEEMO returns with two new underwater missions". NASASpaceflight. Retrieved June 24, 2014. 46. ^ Computing, HySpeed (Sep 16, 2013). "Aquarius SEATEST II - Astronauts emerge from a successful underwater mission". 47. ^ "Herve Stevenin". www.esa.int. 48. ^ "NEEMO 20 Crew (L to R) CDR Luca Parmitano (ESA), Serena Aunon (NASA), David Coan (NASA), Norishige Kanai, (JAXA), inside Aquarius Mark Hulsbeck (FIU) and Sean Moore (FIU)". Jul 20, 2015 - via Flickr. 49. ^ "NASA Prepares for Future Space Exploration with International Undersea Crew". June 24, 2015. 50. ^ "NEEMO 20 to build knowledge base on delayed deep space communications, Chris Bergin, nasaspaceflight". July 6, 2015. 51. ^ Loff, Sarah (2016-07-22). "Aquanauts Splash Down, Beginning NEEMO 21 Research Mission". Retrieved 2016-07-24. 52. ^ Emily Toomey (July 29, 2019). "NASA Scientists and Astronauts Practice for Space Missions on the Seafloor". Smithsonian magazine. External links[edit] # Media related to NEEMO at Wikimedia Commons * Official website * NEEMO missions * Live webcams (subject to mission availability) * Behind the Scenes: NEEMO * v * t * e Human mission to Mars * List of crewed Mars mission plans * Aurora programme Active * Mars Base Camp * SpaceX Mars program * Austere Human Missions to Mars Passive * Mars Piloted Orbital 21st-century Station proposals * Mars to Stay * Constellation program * Mars One Former * Inspiration Mars * Vision for Space Exploration * The Mars Project * Martian Piloted Complex * TMK * Ride Report 20th-century * Space Exploration Initiative proposals * Mars Direct * The Case for Mars * Mars Design Reference Mission + 3.0 * MARS-500 * Mars Analogue Research Station Program Mars + FMARS mission.jpg + MDRS Mars analogs (list) * Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition * Concordia Station * HI-SEAS * NEEMO * Caves of Mars Project Advocacy * Mars Institute * Mars Society * Mars habitat * Crewed Mars rover * Mars suit Hardware concepts * Mars Excursion Module * Mars lander * Mars rover * Colonization of Mars * Exploration of Mars * Fiction + films Miscellaneous + novels * Mars cycler * Mars orbit rendezvous * Terraforming of Mars * Mars atmospheric entry * Mars flyby Coordinates: 24deg57'00''N 80deg27'13''W / 24.95000degN 80.45361degW / 24.95000; -80.45361 * Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NEEMO& oldid=1113773542" Categories: * NASA programs * Controlled ecological life support systems * Human analog missions Hidden categories: * Articles with short description * Short description matches Wikidata * Commons category link is on Wikidata * Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia * Coordinates on Wikidata Navigation menu Personal tools * Not logged in * Talk * Contributions * Create account * Log in Namespaces * Article * Talk [ ] English Views * Read * Edit * View history [ ] More [ ] [Search] [Go] Navigation * Main page * Contents * Current events * Random article * About Wikipedia * Contact us * Donate Contribute * Help * Learn to edit * Community portal * Recent changes * Upload file Tools * What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Page information * Cite this page * Wikidata item Print/export * Download as PDF * Printable version In other projects * Wikimedia Commons Languages * Dansk * Deutsch * Espanol * Francais * Italiano * Ri Ben Yu * Norsk bokmal * Portugues * Russkii Edit links * This page was last edited on 3 October 2022, at 05:48 (UTC). * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply. 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