https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12520-022-01646-8 Skip to main content Advertisement SpringerLink Search Go to cart * Log in Search SpringerLink [ ] Search * Original Paper * Published: 26 August 2022 Splinters to splendours: from upcycled glass to Viking beads at Ribe, Denmark * Gry H. Barfod ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-0757^1, * Claus Feveile^2 & * Soren M. Sindbaek^3 Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences volume 14, Article number: 180 (2022) Cite this article * 351 Accesses * 142 Altmetric * Metrics details Abstract Glass-bead production was a major craft industry in Northern Europe during the Early Middle Ages. This was a time characterized by a fragmentation of long-distance exchange networks in Eurasia, and of rapid change in raw glass production and distribution. We report results from glass recovered from two bead-making workshops within the trading emporium of Ribe, Denmark (eighth century CE). Ninety pieces of tesserae, vessel fragments, cullet, crucibles, workshop refuse and beads were analyzed for major and trace element by electron microprobe and laser ablation ICP-MS. Isotopic compositions were measured on thirteen samples for Sr and on six samples for Hf. For the Early workshop and contemporary material, the results demonstrate a use of recycled Roman and Late Antique glass including Egyptian HIMT, Foy 2.1 and Foy 3.2. White beads were made by remelting gold leaf tesserae at low temperature, creating bubbles and thus opaque white. Blue glass present as glass splinters is explained as melting blue tesserae together with mainly gold leaf tesserae thereby diluting Sb and Ca to obtain translucent glass by preventing crystallization of calcium antimonates. Vessel glass cullet is heavily contaminated Roman-type glass. The range of colours in the Late workshop shows evidence of glass mixing and addition of colourant for colours including black, red, green and yellow. Mixing of recycled glass with lead stannate in sherds from glass crucibles show that green and yellow colouring was carried out on site. Both workshops show a more complex processing from tesserae and cullet to beads than suggested by previous analysis. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Access options Buy single article Instant access to the full article PDF. USD 39.95 Price excludes VAT (USA) Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. [Buy article PDF] Rent this article via DeepDyve. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions Fig. 1 [12520_2022_1646_Fig1_HTML] Fig. 2 [12520_2022_1646_Fig2_HTML] Fig. 3 [12520_2022_1646_Fig3_HTML] Fig. 4 [12520_2022_1646_Fig4_HTML] Fig. 5 [12520_2022_1646_Fig] Fig. 6 [12520_2022_1646_Fig6_HTML] Fig. 7 [12520_2022_1646_Fig7_HTML] Fig. 8 [12520_2022_1646_Fig8_HTML] Fig. 9 [12520_2022_1646_Fig9_HTML] Fig. 10 [12520_2022_1646_Fig10_H] References * Andersen JH, Sode T (2010) The glass bead material. 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Richards as well as detailed comments from two reviewers and the editor significantly improved this paper. Funding The work was supported by the Carlsberg Foundation (SS), the Danish National Research Foundation under Grant DNRF119 (Centre of Excellence, Centre for Urban Network Evolutions - UrbNet) and the Danish National Research Foundation under Grant 26-123/8 (Niels Bohr Professorship in Geoscience). Author information Authors and Affiliations 1. Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, DK, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark Gry H. Barfod 2. Museum of Southwest Jutland, Ribe, Denmark Claus Feveile 3. The Danish National Research Foundation's Centre of Excellence Centre for Urban Network Evolutions, Aarhus University, DK, Hojbjerg, 8270, Denmark Soren M. Sindbaek Authors 1. Gry H. Barfod View author publications You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar 2. Claus Feveile View author publications You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar 3. Soren M. Sindbaek View author publications You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Corresponding author Correspondence to Gry H. Barfod. Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Supplementary Information Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. Supplementary file1 (XLSX 98 KB) Rights and permissions Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Reprints and Permissions About this article Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark Cite this article Barfod, G.H., Feveile, C. & Sindbaek, S.M. Splinters to splendours: from upcycled glass to Viking beads at Ribe, Denmark. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 14, 180 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12520-022-01646-8 Download citation * Received: 10 May 2022 * Accepted: 09 August 2022 * Published: 26 August 2022 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-022-01646-8 Share this article Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative Keywords * Roman glass * Beads * Glassworking * Recycling * Trace elements * Sr-Hf isotope Access via your institution Access options Buy single article Instant access to the full article PDF. USD 39.95 Price excludes VAT (USA) Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. [Buy article PDF] Rent this article via DeepDyve. 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