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Get access Arrow Reimara Valk, Reimara Valk American University in Dubai Corresponding author: REIMARA VALK, Assistant Professor of Management, P.O Box 28282, Dubai - UAE, DL: +971 4 318 3349, T: +971 4 399 9000 Ext.349, F: +971 4 399 8899, E: rvalk@aud.edu ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-2391 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar James Hammill, James Hammill Trident Elite Training Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jonas Grip Jonas Grip IMI International Management Institute & University Centre Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, zwac194, https://doi.org/ 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac194 Published: 05 September 2022 Article history Received: 09 July 2022 Revision received: 24 August 2022 Accepted: 31 August 2022 Published: 05 September 2022 * Views + Article contents + Figures & tables + Video + Audio + Supplementary Data * Cite Cite Reimara Valk, James Hammill, Jonas Grip, Saturated fat: villain and bogeyman in the development of cardiovascular disease?, European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 2022;, zwac194, https: //doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwac194 Select Format [Select format ] Download citation Close * Permissions Icon Permissions * Share + Email + Twitter + Facebook + More Navbar Search Filter [European Journal of Preventive Cardiology] Mobile Microsite Search Term [ ] Search * Sign In + Close Navbar Search Filter [European Journal of Preventive Cardiology] Microsite Search Term [ ] Search Advanced Search Search Menu Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death. For decades, the conventional wisdom has been that the consumption of saturated fat (SFA) undermines cardiovascular health, clogs the arteries, increases risk of CVD and leads to heart attacks. It is timely to investigate whether this claim holds up to scientific scrutiny. Objectives The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss recent scientific evidence on the association between dietary SFA and CVD. Methods PubMed, Google scholar and Scopus were searched for articles published between 2010 and 2021 on the association between SFA consumption and CVD risk and outcomes. A review was conducted examining observational studies and prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, RCTs, systematic reviews and meta analyses of observational studies and prospective epidemiologic cohort studies and long-term RCTs. Results Collectively, neither observational studies, prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, RCTs, systematic reviews and meta analyses have conclusively established a significant association between SFA in the diet and subsequent cardiovascular risk and CAD, MI or mortality nor a benefit of reducing dietary SFAs on CVD rick, events and mortality. Beneficial effects of replacement of SFA by polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat or carbohydrates remain elusive. Conclusions Findings from the studies reviewed in this paper indicate that the consumption of SFA is not significantly associated with CVD risk, events or mortality. Based on the scientific evidence, there is no scientific ground to demonize SFA as a cause of CVD. SFA naturally occurring in nutrient-dense foods can be safely included in the diet. cardiovascular disease, mortality, saturated fat, clogged arteries Information Accepted manuscripts Accepted manuscripts are PDF versions of the author's final manuscript, as accepted for publication by the journal but prior to copyediting or typesetting. They can be cited using the author(s), article title, journal title, year of online publication, and DOI. They will be replaced by the final typeset articles, which may therefore contain changes. The DOI will remain the same throughout. This content is only available as a PDF. (c) The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https:/ /academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/ standard_publication_model) (c) The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com Issue Section: Review You do not currently have access to this article. Download all slides Comments 0 Comments Comments (0) Add comment Close comment form modal [ ] I agree to the terms and conditions. You must accept the terms and conditions. Add comment Cancel Submit a comment Name [ ] Affiliations [ ] Comment title [ ] [ ] Comment [ ] You have entered an invalid code Submit Cancel Thank you for submitting a comment on this article. Your comment will be reviewed and published at the journal's discretion. 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