https://news.gsu.edu/2022/07/08/universal-influenza-b-vaccine-induces-broad-sustained-protection-biomedical-sciences-researchers-find/

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Universal Influenza B Vaccine Induces Broad, Sustained Protection,
Biomedical Sciences Researchers Find

Universal Influenza B Vaccine Induces Broad, Sustained Protection,
Biomedical Sciences Researchers Find

Universal Influenza B Vaccine Induces Broad, Sustained Protection,
Biomedical Sciences Researchers Find

July 8, 2022

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influenza vaccine

Media Contact

LaTina Emerson

Director of Communications
Institute for Biomedical Sciences
Georgia State University

404-413-1353

lemerson1@gsu.edu

ATLANTA--A new universal flu vaccine protects against influenza B
viruses, offering broad defense against different strains and
improved immune protection, according to a new study by researchers
in the Institute for Biomedical Sciences at Georgia State University.

The double-layered protein nanoparticle vaccine, which is constructed
with a stabilized portion of the influenza virus (the hemagglutinin 
(HA) stalk), induced broadly reactive immune responses and conferred
robust and sustained cross-immune protection against influenza B
virus strains of both lineages. The findings are published in the
journal Biomaterials.

Influenza epidemics pose a major threat to public health, and type B
influenza has coincided with several severe flu outbreaks. About
one-fourth of clinical infection cases are caused by influenza B
viruses each year. Influenza B viruses are sometimes the dominant
circulating strains during influenza seasons, such as the 2019-20
U.S. flu season when influenza B caused more than 50 percent of the
infections.

Influenza B has two lineages that are genetically distinct and
trigger different immune responses. Seasonal flu vaccines are
developed with one or both lineages of influenza B viruses, but
they're limited by the ability of circulating strains to escape the
immune system or vaccination. These vaccines are often ineffective
because the variable portion of the influenza virus (the HA head)
evolves. As a result, seasonal influenza vaccines need to be
reformulated and updated frequently. To overcome these limitations, a
universal influenza vaccine containing conserved parts of the virus
and providing substantial broad cross-protection against diverse
virus strains is urgently needed.

"In this study, we generated structure-stabilized HA stalk antigens
from influenza B and fabricated double-layered protein
nanoparticles as universal influenza B vaccine candidates," said Dr.
Baozhong Wang, senior author of the study and Distinguished
University Professor in the Institute for Biomedical Sciences at
Georgia State University. "We found that layered protein
nanoparticles incorporated with structure-stabilized constant
antigens have potential as a universal influenza vaccine with
improved immune protective potency and breadth."

The nanoparticle vaccine was tested in cell culture and in mice.
Studies in cell culture found the protein nanoparticles were
effectively taken up to activate dendritic cells, which are critical
for inducing protective immune responses against pathogens. The
vaccine was found to be safe, biocompatible, biodegradable and highly
immunogenic in animals.

"Our next aim is to combine the influenza A nanoparticles from our
previous study with the influenza B nanoparticles we have fabricated
and tested here to create a multivalent universal influenza
nanoparticle vaccine against both influenza A and B," Wang said.

Co-authors of the study include Yufeng Song (first author), Wandi
Zhu, Ye Wang, Lei Deng, Yao Ma, Chunhong Dong, Gilbert X. Gonzalez,
Joo Kim, Lai Wei, Sang-Moo Kang and Bao-Zhong Wang of the Center for
Inflammation, Immunity & Infection in the Institute for Biomedical
Sciences at Georgia State. Deng is also affiliated with Hunan
University in Changsha, China.

The study is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH).

To read the study, visit https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.biomaterials.2022.121664.

Featured Researcher

Photo of Dr. Baozhong Wang

Baozhong Wang
Professor
Institute for Biomedical Sciences

Baozhong Wang is focused on the interaction of viral pathogens with
the host immune system. He studies how viral antigens (particularly
influenza and HIV antigens) trigger immune responses, with specific
emphasis at the crossroads of vaccines and bioengineering through the
use of protein nanotechnology and controlled releases in vaccine
development.

Filed Under: Health & Wellness

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