https://www.dpreview.com/news/3486743737/light-field-camera-inspired-trilobite-promises-high-resolution-image [p] * * Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram Sign up for our weekly newsletter! Submit a News Tip! Reading mode: Light Dark Login | Register [ ] [] NewsReviewsArticlesBuying GuidesSample ImagesVideosCamerasLenses PhonesPrintersForumsGalleriesChallenges Best cameras and lenses [logo-v3] Now reading: This light field camera inspired by an extinct trilobite promises high-resolution image with extreme depth of field 59 comments 59 This light field camera inspired by an extinct trilobite promises high-resolution image with extreme depth of field Published Apr 28, 2022 | Jeremy Gray Share Tweet [trilobite-light-field-camera-research-paper-figure-6] Researchers have developed a nanophotonic light field camera that's based on the eye of an extinct Cambrian-era trilobite, Dalmanitina socialis, that delivers an extreme depth of field. The camera has a depth of field ranging from a centimeter to a kilometer scale. The camera utilizes a multiscale convolutional neural network-based reconstruction algorithm to eliminate optical aberrations that result from the camera's 'metalens' array. The project is described in excellent detail in a new research paper, 'Trilobite-inspired neural nanophotonic light-field camera with extreme depth-of-field.' The full research paper is available at Nature. Dalmanitina socialis have been extinct for several hundred million years. However, investigations of fossil remains have revealed that the trilobite was one of the earliest arthropods to have compound eyes. Many organisms today have compound eyes, including insects and crustaceans. However, Dalmanitina socialis had a unique compound eye visual system. It had 'two optically homogeneous lens units of different refractive indices, an upper lens unit with a central bulge made of calcite and a lower lens unit made of an organic compound. As a result, each compound eye of Dalmanitina socialis is able to simultaneously focus incident light to a near and a far point, analogous to a coaxial bifocal lens...' This distinct eye structure allowed the organism to simultaneously see prey up close and distant predators. All modern arthropods instead have a single focal vision system. [trilobite-light-field-camera-figure-1] Fig 1.a shows the unique eye structure of Dalmanitina socialis. Turning our attention to light field cameras, they're capable of capturing information about a scene's light field and measuring the intensity of light and the direction that light travels. The research paper describes, 'Light-field cameras could measure a rich 4D representation of light that encodes color, depth, specularity, transparency, refraction, and occlusion. DoF and spatial resolution are two key system parameters in light-field photography.' Conventional cameras record light intensity, too, but not light direction. [trilobite-light-field-camera-research-figure-3] a Conceptual sketch of the proposed light-field imaging camera. b Schematic diagram of the working principle of the system with metalens array achieving spin-dependent bifocal light-field imaging. Either the LCP component of close object or the RCP component of distant object could be focused well on the identical imaging plane. The nominal distance between the primary lens and metalens array is L =47.5 L = 47.5 mm. The nominal distance between the imaging plane and metalens array is l=0.83 l = 0.83 mm. The focal length and aperture size of the primary lens is F=50 F = 50 mm and D=6 D = 6 mm, respectively. c The captured PSFs at different depths for LCP, RCP, and UP (unpolarized) incident light. d Demonstration of working range for different polarization states. The light-blue region and light-red region represent the working range of LCP and RCP components, respectively. The vertical axis represents the PSF ranks, for which the smaller value corresponds to better imaging quality. The uncertainties are standard deviation for repeated measurements (six in total). There are different approaches to lenses for light field cameras, but one option is to use a micro lens array at the focal plane. This is the approach Lytro took with its light field camera. The microlens approach works well for the depth of field but has limits concerning resolution. Moving the lenses further from the focal plane helps with the resolution, at the cost of depth of field. The researchers, inspired by the Dalmanitina socialis, describe their design: Here, inspired by the optical structure of bifocal compound eyes found in Dalmanitina socialis, we demonstrate a nanophotonic camera incorporating a spin-multiplexed metalens array able to achieve high-resolution light-field imaging with a record DoF. The proposed spin-multiplexed metalens array provides two completely decoupled transmission modulation to a pair of orthogonal circular polarization input, and thus can simultaneously capture light-field information for both close and distant depth ranges while maintaining high lateral spatial resolution. Consequently, light-field information over large DoF can be computationally reconstructed from a single exposure. In addition, inspired by the biological neural aberration compensation mechanism, we introduce a distortion-correction neural network to eliminate the aberrations, which significantly relaxes the design and performance limitations on metasurface optics. As a result, the proposed camera system is capable of achieving full-color light-field imaging with a continuous DoF ranging from 3 cm to 1.7 km with close to diffraction-limited resolution. We envision that this integration of nanophotonics with computational photography may stimulate development of optical systems for imaging science that go well beyond traditional light-field imaging technology. Returning to the term 'metalens' mentioned earlier. This refers to a special optical design that's flat but uses 'metasurfaces' to focus light. The metasurfaces operate at a sub-wavelength level and use extremely tiny structures to scatter light. Millions of these nanostructures, which are two-hundredths the diameter of a human hair, are arranged in a parallel fashion such that light travels through different parts of the lens. The nanostructures, inspired by the ancient trilobite's compound eyes, bend light from near and far objects to a single focal plane. [trilobite-light-field-camera-research-paper-figure-4] a PSF capture and training-data generation. b Aberration removal with the proposed multiscale deep convolutional neural network. The distance between the primary lens and Matryoshka nesting dolls: 0.3 m, 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.3 m, and 3.3 m. The insets show the nearest and farthest Matryoshka nesting dolls. c Light-field processing based on the retrieved all-in-focus light-field images, including disparity estimation and refocusing images at different depths. The image itself offers decent results. However, by utilizing a convolutional multiscale neural network to correct for aberrations, the final image is impressively sharp. The optics and software work hand-in-hand, which is typical of light field cameras. What's atypical of prior cameras is the impressive resolution paired with extreme depth of field. [trilobite-light-field-camera-research-paper-figure-6] a, b Captured light-field subimages of the whole scene under natural light (a) before and (b) after aberration correction. c, d Zoomed-in subimages of different objects corresponding to the marked ones shown in (a, b), respectively. e Aberration-corrected all-in-focus image after rendering. The reconstructed NJU characters have been reasonably shifted and scaled for easy viewing. There is much more detail in the full research paper at Nature. The research paper is titled 'Trilobite-inspired neural nanophotonic light-field camera with extreme depth-of-field' and its authors are Qingbin Fan, Weizhu Xu, Wenqi Zhu, Tao Yue, Cheng Zhang, Feng Yan, Lu Chen, Henri J. Lezec, Yanqing Lu, Amit Agrawal and Ting Xu. All figures and images are from the research paper, ' Trilobite-inspired neural nanophotonic light-field camera with extreme depth-of-field.' Via: PetaPixel Tags: camera-news, research, technology View Comments (59) Comments All (59) Most popular (10) Editors' picks (0) DPR staff (0) Oldest first DarnGoodPhotos Are file sizes measured in trilobytes? Like 8 2 days agopermalink stevo23 Did you hear what the last two trilobites said to each other? "this light field vision sucks". Like 0 3 days ago*permalink Daneland OMG, some is trying to get more DoF ! Are they crazy? We need 3D images, who cares to see more DoF :) Like 1 3 days agopermalink ilza There are several simple indicators to IMMEDIATELY see this as snake oil: a "light field camera". This is ALWAYS a hoax in context of general photography. b "metalens". Likewise. These are important concepts. Moreover, these concepts MIGHT HAVE1) some very specialized uses (scientific, or in industry). However, they "work" so much worse than the traditional solutions that IN THE CONTEXT OF photography, anything using these words WITHOUT DISCUSSIONS OF THEIR PROBLEMS turns out to be a hoax 100%. 1) Although I have not seen any actual indication of them being useful WHATSOEVER (in optics). For example: a light field camera would ALWAYS give resolution no betterr than a hyperfocal shot with the same aperture. It is A VERY SIMPLE physics. c Mentioning 1.7km as the limit focus distance. (When it is THE FAR2) limit.) 2) One can imagine legitimate photographic systems where the DoF is from 1.5km to [?]. (Like a mediate-size spy telescope.) Not 1cm to 1.7km! [Continued...] Like 1 3 days ago*permalink ilza [Continued...] Finally: d Mentioning an optical system of a long extinct beast. There was A REASON why this optical scheme went extinct. I wonder, what it was?! [?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?][?] I do not say that this paper is pointless. It shows some things which are possible already with the current technology. However, discussing this paper WITHOUT DISCLAIMERS that the same (or better) result can be obtained with the "usual workflow" is getting close to criminal. Like 0 3 days agopermalink JefffromMaRS Very cool! I was reading about those Trilobites...neat creatures. Apparently, though, they went extinct as they only had one SD card slot. Like 10 4 days agopermalink Roland Karlsson It is always a compromise. You want high resolution? You get it in a plane. You want multi depth resolution, the resolution will not be high. At least as long as the sensor is 2D, i.e. plane. If you want multi resolution at high resolution you need a 3D sensor. But - then we are also talking enormous amount of data per image. I see nothing in this proposal that makes it fundamentally better or different to Lytro. Like 2 4 days agopermalink ilza Having a 3D sensor with 10 light-sensitive layers would potentially increase your DoF 10 times. But: * You cannot capture your photon twice. So having 10 layers would decrease ISO number 10 times. Even if your layers have QE=100%. * With a bit more realistic QE (like 80%) the ISO number for closer subjects would decay significantly stronger than 10 times. * And if one remembers that thusly-counted QEs do not take into account wires, this would decrease the ISO number yet more. I think a reasonable guess for "how worse light sensitivity is going to be?" would be about 30-50 times worse. Moreover, the spacing of layers would depend on the f/number of the lens. So the only plausible mode of operation is with a wide-open lens. No way to win! Like 0 3 days ago*permalink bwana4swahili When I saw 'multiscale convolutional neural network-based reconstruction algorithm' my mind sorta went numb! Like 2 4 days agopermalink ilza It is very simple! Translation: "Since the images we get are so blurry, the only way to use them is if we ALREADY KNOW what must on the image. They we just substitute a known quality image instead of the blurry one." Like 0 3 days ago*permalink fusoexplorer I would buy the camera if it looked like the original trilobite. Like 8 4 days agopermalink mick232 Finally they found some use for these trilobites that are bred in millions by kids around the world! Like 1 4 days agopermalink xlucine triops, not trilobites Like 1 4 days agopermalink mick232 Ah yes. Thanks! Like 1 4 days agopermalink SupremeWideAngle I think for most users this will be a piece of junk like other cameras before this (Lytro). Like 0 4 days agopermalink jxh Evolution has produced some remarkable solutions. The lowly horseshoe crab has eyes that can hugely vary sensitivity to light (variable ISO?) to the extent that on moonless nights they can see well by starlight. [on a more humorous take, I can imagine the bokeh fans seeing this tech as the 'work of the devil' ] Like 6 4 days agopermalink CyborgKitty Kids, There'll be a test on Monday, so don't forget to take your books and notes home this weekend. Like 3 4 days agopermalink TWChua Oh yes, perfect point-and-shoot cameras. Like 0 4 days agopermalink Photoman Watch out, as Apple will buy this tech and force you to buy the latest iPhone to use this. Like 1 4 days agopermalink babart No doubt. Like 0 4 days agopermalink gonzalu My little brain can't grapple with the science and math in this... Like 2 4 days agopermalink SupremeWideAngle My brain says it is a piece of junk for normal users like other cameras of this kind. Like 0 4 days agopermalink MrBrightSide Fantastic!!! This is clear proof that God either does or does not exist depending on your preconceived biases. Like 18 4 days agopermalink jxh Love that response. Like 0 4 days agopermalink nail33 Reality is only that which one believes it to be..........Buddha Like 2 4 days agopermalink Telemahn Some half a billion years ago In shimmering sea floor light Creeping importantly to and fro There dwelt the trilobite The trilobite could friendly be And playful as a kitten But he could leave an enemy Severely trilobitten Far up the phylogenic route From what had gone before There rose in power absolute The ponderous dinosaur This creature had a low IQ And very little forehead Clearly it was unhealthy to Displease a dino sorehead The trilobite was briefly king This fact cannot be blinked The dinosaur too had his fling Yet both became extinct The planet's dominating tribe Today we know full well Far be it from your humble scribe To point a parallel Robert L Bates 1968 Like 5 4 days agopermalink Welsh Proponents of 'intelligent design', AKA creationism for those not dumb enough to swallow full-fledged creationism, use the (relatively) rapid development of eyes as part of their tapestry of intellectual dishonesty. Actually, eyes evolved quickly because, well, they can be useful... seeing prey, or seeing when you're likely to be eaten yourself, drives evolution pretty fast. Like 4 4 days agopermalink thx1138 The big question is why would that trilobite visual system die out given how good it was. What were it limitations compared to a single focal length visual system? Like 8 4 days agopermalink northlarch Interesting question to think about but loads of variables unknown. Maybe the little guy had excellent vision because he lacked in other areas and it was all he could do to survive as long as he did. Evolution is brutal. Like 5 4 days ago*permalink CyborgKitty Because its prey adapted faster. Like 1 4 days agopermalink BaldCol Trilobites went extinct during a mass extinction period called the Permian-Triassic extinction. This was thought to have been caused by mass volcanic eruptions over 2 million years. The carbon dioxide emitted in these eruptions acidified the oceans making it difficult for marine animals to survive. 90-95% of all marine animals went extinct during this time. Like 17 4 days ago*permalink CekariYH We will soon follow with our mass pollution and stubbornness... Like 1 4 days agopermalink Simonella Because Sony released its own more compact trilobite. Like 5 4 days agopermalink Entropy512 @BaldCol - of note here, you just identified a major flaw in this organism's visual system: The main lens was calcite. Acid dissolves calcite easily. So the ocean acidification likely blinded these creatures. Like 3 4 days ago*permalink babart The Permian extinction was caused by volcanic eruptions, true. However the magma of those eruptions flowed through a layer of coal, from which came the carbon dioxide. Most volcanic eruptions spew mostly dust and water vapor, from the crystalline structure (containing water) of many types of rock. The eruptions were huge in scale (97% of marine animals became extinct) and came from a large area in Siberia. Like 4 4 days agopermalink BaldCol Thank you babart. I had oversimplified. Like 2 3 days agopermalink mikeoregon Look for the new Sony Quadlobite model. Like 0 3 days agopermalink photoaddict Natural selection in evolution does not have a goal. Like 1 2 days agopermalink Djehuty Why not modern horseshoe crabs? Like 1 5 days agopermalink m_black Or like most vertebrates with a single, fluid filled lens. Like 0 4 days agopermalink MrBrightSide Please leave horseshoe crabs alone. Their blood has already saved countless human lives, their obligation has long since been paid. Like 8 4 days agopermalink babart Most interesting. I'd love to see this idea become available in a 300 or 400 mm lens. Like 0 5 days agopermalink thx1138 These are not traditional lenses, you will never see this in a regular lens. The fact it is using nanophotonic rods as the lenses should be a big clue. You will have to forget completely what you know about traditional lenses and it requires a huge dose of computational photography, so even our current cameras would be useless. Like 3 4 days agopermalink jxh "it requires a huge dose of computational photography" True. Computational imaging is the norm in nature. Lens, retina, neurons and brain are all part of the system. Frogs and many other animals have systems that filter for movement (prey or predators) before the image even reaches the brain. Like 3 4 days ago*permalink babart @thx1138: I agree, of course. However, I'm not so certain the idea, or parts of same, won't find it's way into lens-designer's computers. Cheers, Like 0 4 days agopermalink Welsh Apparently, dragonflies can see in 'slow motion' when attacking prey. Like 1 4 days agopermalink freighthaus Lytro. Like 0 5 days agopermalink a3079119 I miss all of the living pictures I posted that are no more because the only way to publish them online as living pictures was via Lytro's site and they took it all down. Like 5 5 days agopermalink DeputyDD Ahh Lytro. How did that go for them...... ? Oh....... Like 2 4 days agopermalink photoaddict they're not remotely the same. Like 0 2 days agopermalink xlucine A metalens based (i.e. very thin) light field camera could be very useful for smartphone photography. With depth mapping gathered from the main sensor, the post focus capability might be better than current smartphone fake bokeh Like 1 5 days agopermalink badi Smartphone cameras are pretty amazing (IQ wise) these days. It will be a long while until this could provide any significant interest. However if these will be much better than say conventional cameras coupled with LIDARs for cars/planes/drones autopilot stuff and other industrial/military applications, then it becomes interesting. Like 0 4 days ago*permalink jxh I think phone cameras are actually closer to the human eye (hence more natural) in some ways. Human eyes have great depth of field, throughout our history, face to face interacting with other humans has been at a distance of 3-4 feet, but the background behind the other human is still relatively clear, though not tack sharp. (historic painting tend to reflect this) Now that naturalness is so attainable, we seem to be trying to get away from it, trying to emulate large lenses and throwing the background into a blurry mess. Like 0 4 days ago*permalink BackToNature1 "Focusing on an object a few centimeters in front of your camera is easy with a macro lens. What if you want to focus on something over a kilometer away simultaneously" Okay, I will give by comparison that's true, but focusing on an object isn't easy with an macro lens. An I have one of the best that I know of. Between the wind an or the subject movements, to get that great shot is hardly easy. But I would love to have an lens with this new future tech. But at what cost? Like 0 5 days agopermalink PLShutterbug I think Jeremy was describing an ideal state. You put your camera on a tripod and focus your macro lens on a static subject two cm away, in a lab environment with no wind. That is easy. I don't think Jeremy was making light o the real-world difficulty you describe. Like 13 5 days agopermalink Djehuty if it could focus on macro and something far away, it would be focus stacking on steroids. Like 0 5 days agopermalink thx1138 Should change your name to backtothedrawingboard1. Like 0 4 days agopermalink JasonTheBirder I would love to have something like this for macro shots. I wouldn't want extreme depth of field all the time but sometimes it would be very handy. Like 7 5 days agopermalink wcan Interesting! 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If so, you're in luck because Omnar and Skyllaney now offer a custom lens conversion service to turn a non-rangefinder lens into a converted rangefinder optic. Apr 26, 202217lens news Video: This incredible view was captured 25km above the Earth's surface Hi-Impact L&D recently sent an Insta360 X2 action camera up to nearly 25,000 meters (over 80,000 feet). The view from up there is spectacular. Apr 26, 202260 Lexar announces new Diamond Series CFexpress Type B cards with 1,900MB/s read speeds The new Diamond Series CFexpress Type B cards will offer read and write 1,900MB/s and 1,700MB/s, respectively, which will make them the fastest CFexpress cards on the market, unless someone beats them to the punch. Apr 25, 202290 Tips or suggestions? Contact us! 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