https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102738243 chm logo [chm-logo-short] Menu * Explore + Overview + Stories + Timelines + Collections + Playlists + Blogs + Publications * Connect + Overview + Events + K-12 Students & Educators + Families & Community Groups + Colleges & Universiities + Business & Government Leaders + Volunteers * Visit + Overview + Make a Plan + Exhibits at the Museum + Tours & Group Reservations + Customize It + Venue * About + Overview + This is CHM + Centers + Programs + News + Leadership * Join & Give + Overview + Ways to Give + Donor Recognition + Institutional Partnerships * Upcoming Events * Hours & Directions * Stories * Subscribe * Donate Search for: [ ] [Go] Or search the collection catalog Artifact Details Title Hamilton, Margaret oral history Catalog Number 102738243 Type Document Description In this oral history, Margaret Hamilton describes her life and career in computing. She begins with a discussion of her family background and youth, including family influences, job experiences, and the development of her interest in mathematics at Earlham College. She reviews her first impressions of computing when working as an actuarial trainee. Her first work in programming with MIT professor Edward Lorenz follows, as does details of her subsequent work at Project MAC and the Lincoln Laboratory on SAGE. She reviews her work on the software for the Apollo Guidance Computer in detail, including her work on errors, alarms, software engineering, and her memorable experiences with the Apollo 8 and Apollo 11 missions. Afterward, she reviews her work on errors leading to formal methods for avoiding them, and for control theory more broadly, developing into the Universal Systems Language. She further details the support of this work, and her experiences in creating two companies to pursue it. The interview concludes with reflections on cultural issues in computing, and more broadly. Date 2017-04-13 Contributor Brock, David C., Interviewer Hamilton, Margaret H., Interviewee Publisher Computer History Museum Place of Publication Boston, MA Extent 47 p. Format PDF Category Transcription Subject Earlham College; Mathematics; MIT; Lorenz, Edward; Lincoln Laboratory; SAGE (Air defense system); Apollo space program; Apollo Guidance Computer; Apollo 8; Apollo 11; Moon landing; Error; formal methods; Systems; US Air Force; Entrepreneurship; Perot, Ross; US Department of Defense; Space Shuttle Program; Universal Systems Language; Hamilton Technologies; NASA; Skylab Collection Title CHM Oral History Collection Credit Computer History Museum Lot Number X8164.2017 Text * Transcript of Margaret Hamilton's oral history Related Records 102738244 Hamilton, Margaret oral history Hours and Direction Hours & Direction 1401 N Shoreline Blvd Mountain View, CA 94034 +1 650-810-1010 More Contact Info * Press * Careers * Venue * Events * Stories * Donate [chm-logo-s] * Terms of Use * Privacy * (c) Computer History Museum