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[Title & authors         ]
J Cogn Neurosci
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. 2014 Jul;26(7):1469-80.
doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00537. Epub 2013 Dec 17.

White noise improves learning by modulating activity in dopaminergic
midbrain regions and right superior temporal sulcus

Vanessa H Rausch^  1 , Eva M Bauch, Nico Bunzeck
Affiliations Expand

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  * ^1 University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.

  * PMID: 24345178
  * DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00537

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White noise improves learning by modulating activity in dopaminergic
midbrain regions and right superior temporal sulcus

Vanessa H Rausch et al. J Cogn Neurosci. 2014 Jul.
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J Cogn Neurosci
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. 2014 Jul;26(7):1469-80.
doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00537. Epub 2013 Dec 17.

Authors

Vanessa H Rausch^  1 , Eva M Bauch, Nico Bunzeck

Affiliation

  * ^1 University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.

  * PMID: 24345178
  * DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00537

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Abstract

In neural systems, information processing can be facilitated by
adding an optimal level of white noise. Although this phenomenon, the
so-called stochastic resonance, has traditionally been linked with
perception, recent evidence indicates that white noise may also exert
positive effects on cognitive functions, such as learning and memory.
The underlying neural mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Here, on
the basis of recent theories, we tested the hypothesis that auditory
white noise, when presented during the encoding of scene images,
enhances subsequent recognition memory performance and modulates
activity within the dopaminergic midbrain (i.e., substantia nigra/
ventral tegmental area, SN/VTA). Indeed, in a behavioral experiment,
we can show in healthy humans that auditory white noise-but not
control sounds, such as a sinus tone-slightly improves recognition
memory. In an fMRI experiment, white noise selectively enhances
stimulus-driven phasic activity in the SN/VTA and auditory cortex.
Moreover, it induces stronger connectivity between SN/VTA and right
STS, which, in addition, exhibited a positive correlation with
subsequent memory improvement by white noise. Our results suggest
that the beneficial effects of auditory white noise on learning
depend on dopaminergic neuromodulation and enhanced connectivity
between midbrain regions and the STS-a key player in attention
modulation. Moreover, they indicate that white noise could be
particularly useful to facilitate learning in conditions where
changes of the mesolimbic system are causally related to memory
deficits including healthy and pathological aging.

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