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Epub 2021 Sep 11. Acute aerobic exercise to recover from mental exhaustion - a randomized controlled trial Max Oberste^ 1 , Pascal de Waal^ 2 , Niklas Joisten^ 3 , David Walzik^ 4 , Marius Egbringhoff^ 2 , Florian Javelle^ 4 , Wilhelm Bloch^ 4 , Philipp Zimmer^ 5 Affiliations Expand Affiliations * ^1 Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. * ^2 Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany. * ^3 Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Mungersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; Department of "Performance and Health (Sports Medicine) ", Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. * ^4 Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Mungersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany. * ^5 Department of "Performance and Health (Sports Medicine)", Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. Electronic address: philipp.zimmer@tu-dortmund.de. * PMID: 34516957 * DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113588 Item in Clipboard Randomized Controlled Trial Acute aerobic exercise to recover from mental exhaustion - a randomized controlled trial Max Oberste et al. Physiol Behav. 2021. Show details Display options Display options Format [Abstract] Physiol Behav Actions * Search in PubMed * Search in NLM Catalog * Add to Search . 2021 Nov 1;241:113588. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113588. Epub 2021 Sep 11. Authors Max Oberste^ 1 , Pascal de Waal^ 2 , Niklas Joisten^ 3 , David Walzik^ 4 , Marius Egbringhoff^ 2 , Florian Javelle^ 4 , Wilhelm Bloch^ 4 , Philipp Zimmer^ 5 Affiliations * ^1 Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. * ^2 Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany. * ^3 Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Mungersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; Department of "Performance and Health (Sports Medicine) ", Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. * ^4 Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Mungersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany. * ^5 Department of "Performance and Health (Sports Medicine)", Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. Electronic address: philipp.zimmer@tu-dortmund.de. * PMID: 34516957 * DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113588 Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format [Abstract] Abstract Purpose: Prolonged periods of intense cognitive activity lead to a state of mental exhaustion. While widespread strategies to recover from mental exhaustion (i.e., watching TV) are non-effective, aerobic exercise seems to be a promising approach. This can be explained by the acute and chronic aerobic exercise-induced benefits on the central nervous system. Methods: This study investigated the potential of a single bout of moderate aerobic exercise (65-75% of each participants' individual V.O2peak) to recover from experimentally induced mental exhaustion. A randomized controlled trial on healthy adults (N = 99) was conducted. They performed 60 min of a cognitively demanding test battery, in order to induce mental exhaustion. Subsequently, they were randomized to one of three treatments: 30 min of moderate aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer, 30 min of a simple lower body stretching routine (= active control treatment) or watching a popular sitcom (= passive control treatment). Cognitive flexibility performance, mood, tiredness, restlessness, self-perceived cognitive capacity, and motivation were assessed before and after treatment. Results: The empirical results showed that moderate aerobic exercise led to a better recovery for cognitive flexibility (mean difference divided by pooled standard deviation, Cohen's d= 0.737), mood (d= 0.405), tiredness (d= 0.480), self-perceived cognitive capacity (d= 0.214), and motivation (d= 0.524) compared to active control treatment. Moderate aerobic exercise was also more effective than passive control treatment (d= 0.102 - 0.286) with the exemption of tiredness (d= 0.015) and restlessness (d = -0.473). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study suggests that a single bout of acute aerobic exercise supports regeneration of cognitive flexibility performance and of subjective well-being. This holds true not just compared to artificial active control treatment but also compared to widespread leisure time activity, namely watching TV. Keywords: Cognitive flexibility; Cognitive performance; Motivation; Regeneration; Subjective well-being. Copyright (c) 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc. Similar articles * Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. Larun L, Brurberg KG, Odgaard-Jensen J, Price JR. Larun L, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 25;4(4):CD003200. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003200.pub7. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017. PMID: 28444695 Free PMC article. Updated. Review. * Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. Larun L, Brurberg KG, Odgaard-Jensen J, Price JR. Larun L, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 20;12(12):CD003200. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003200.pub6. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. PMID: 27995604 Free PMC article. Updated. Review. * Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. Larun L, Brurberg KG, Odgaard-Jensen J, Price JR. Larun L, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 24;(6):CD003200. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003200.pub5. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. PMID: 27339435 Updated. Review. * Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. Larun L, Brurberg KG, Odgaard-Jensen J, Price JR. Larun L, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Feb 7;2:CD003200. doi: 10.1002/ 14651858.CD003200.pub4. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. PMID: 26852189 Updated. Review. * Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. Larun L, Brurberg KG, Odgaard-Jensen J, Price JR. Larun L, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 10;(2):CD003200. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003200.pub3. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015. PMID: 25674924 Updated. Review. 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