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Using a difference-in-differences design on a panel data set with 1.6 billion observations, 2008-2018, we find that the laws have no negative effect on registration or turnout, overall or for any group defined by race, gender, age, or party affiliation. These results hold through a large number of specifications. Our most demanding specification controls for state, year, and voter fixed effects, along with state and voter time-varying controls. Based on this specification, we obtain point estimates of -0.1 percentage points for effects both on overall registration and turnout (with 95% confidence intervals of [-2.3; 2.1 percentage points] and [-3.0; 2.8 percentage points], respectively), and +1.4 percentage points for the effect on the turnout of nonwhite voters relative to whites (with a 95% confidence interval of [-0.5; 3.2 percentage points]). The lack of negative impact on voter turnout cannot be attributed to voters' reaction against the laws, measured by campaign contributions and self-reported political engagement. However, the likelihood that nonwhite voters were contacted by a campaign increases by 4.7 percentage points, suggesting that parties' mobilization might have offset modest effects of the laws on the participation of ethnic minorities. Finally, strict ID requirements have no effect on fraud, actual or perceived. Overall, our findings suggest that efforts to improve elections may be better directed at other reforms. (c) The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the President and Fellows of Harvard College. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https:/ /academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/ standard_publication_model) JEL D72 - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior Issue Section: Article You do not currently have access to this article. Download all slides Sign in Don't already have an Oxford Academic account? Register You could not be signed in. Please check your email address / username and password and try again. Oxford Academic account Email address / Username ? [ ] Password [ ] Sign In Forgot password? Don't have an account? HPC[ ] Email address / username Most users should sign in with their email address. If you originally registered with a username please use that to sign in. 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