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UC reactor makes Martian fuel A gas station on Mars? Engineers envision the possibilities. headshot of Michael Miller By Michael Miller Email MichaelEmail Michael 513-556-6757 September 22, 2021 Share on facebook Share on Twitter Pin Story Print Story Like Engineers at the University of Cincinnati are developing new ways to convert greenhouse gases to fuel to address climate change and get astronauts home from Mars. UC College of Engineering and Applied Science assistant professor Jingjie Wu and his students used a carbon catalyst in a reactor to convert carbon dioxide into methane. Known as the "Sabatier reaction" from the late French chemist Paul Sabatier, it's a process the International Space Station uses to scrub the carbon dioxide from air the astronauts breathe and generate rocket fuel to keep the station in high orbit. But Wu is thinking much bigger. UC chemical engineering assistant professor Jingjie Wu, left and doctoral student Tianyu Zhang are experimenting with different catalysts to convert carbon dioxide to storable fuel to address climate change. Photo/Andrew Higley/UC Creative + Brand The Martian atmosphere is composed almost entirely of carbon dioxide. Astronauts could save half the fuel they need for a return trip home by making what they need on the red planet once they arrive, Wu said. "It's like a gas station on Mars. You could easily pump carbon dioxide through this reactor and produce methane for a rocket," Wu said. UC's study was published in the journal Nature Communications with collaborators from Rice University, Shanghai University and East China University of Science and Technology. Wu began his career in chemical engineering by studying fuel cells for electric vehicles but began looking at carbon dioxide conversion in his chemical engineering lab about 10 years ago. UC chemical engineer Jingjie Wu holds up the reactor where a catalyst converts carbon dioxide into methane. UC's research makes him optimistic that scientists will be able to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Photo/Andrew Higley/UC Creative + Brand "I realized that greenhouse gases were going to be a big issue in society," Wu said. "A lot of countries realized that carbon dioxide is a big issue for the sustainable development of our society. That's why I think we need to achieve carbon neutrality." The Biden Administration has set a goal of achieving a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas pollutants by 2030 and an economy that relies on renewable energy by 2050. "That means we'll have to recycle carbon dioxide," Wu said. Wu and his students, including lead author and UC doctoral candidate Tianyu Zhang, are experimenting with different catalysts such as graphene quantum dots -- layers of carbon just nanometers big -- that can increase the yield of methane. Right now we have excess green energy that we just throw away. We can store this excess renewable energy in chemicals. Jingjie Wu, UC assistant professor of chemical engineering Wu said the process holds promise to help mitigate climate change. But it also has a big commercial advantage in producing fuel as a byproduct. "The process is 100 times more productive than it was just 10 years ago. So you can imagine that progress will come faster and faster," Wu said. "In the next 10 years, we'll have a lot of startup companies to commercialize this technique." Wu's students are using different catalysts to produce not only methane but ethylene. Called the world's most important chemical, ethylene is used in the manufacture of plastics, rubber, synthetic clothing and other products. "In the future we'll develop other catalysts that can produce more products," said Zhang, a doctoral student in chemical engineering. Like his professor, Zhang said he sees a bright future for green energy. "Green energy will be very important. In the future, it will represent a huge market. So I wanted to work on it," Zhang said. UC chemical engineers are experimenting with different catalysts to convert carbon dioxide into methane and other fuels. Photo/Andrew Higley/UC Creative + Brand Synthesizing fuel from carbon dioxide becomes even more commercially viable when coupled with renewable energy such as solar or wind power, Wu said. "Right now we have excess green energy that we just throw away. We can store this excess renewable energy in chemicals," he said. The process is scalable for use in power plants that can generate tons of carbon dioxide. And it's efficient since the conversion can take place right where excess carbon dioxide is produced. Wu said advances in fuel production from carbon dioxide make him more confident that humans will set foot on Mars in his lifetime. "Right now if you want to come back from Mars, you would need to bring twice as much fuel, which is very heavy," he said. "And in the future, you'll need other fuels. So we can produce methanol from carbon dioxide and use them to produce other downstream materials. Then maybe one day we could live on Mars." Featured image at top: UC doctoral student Tianyu Zhang holds up a vial of graphene in a chemical engineering lab. Photo/Andrew Higley/ UC Creative + Brand UC assistant professor Jingjie Wu, left, and UC doctoral student Tianyu Zhang are investigating new ways to convert carbon dioxide to fuel in Wu's chemical engineering lab. Photo/Andrew Higley/UC Creative + Brand Impact Lives Here The University of Cincinnati is leading public urban universities into a new era of innovation and impact. Our faculty, staff and students are saving lives, changing outcomes and bending the future in our city's direction. Next Lives Here. Tags * Student Experience * Next Lives Here * College of Engineering and Applied Science * Chemical and Environmental Engineering * Science & Tech * Innovation Agenda Related Stories Preparing for your future by getting involved on campus Tesla co-op and mechanical engineer Conner Johannigman shares his experience getting involved on campus and how opportunities at UC is preparing him for his future. Read his blog! Local CPS students see path to college, job skilling first-hand... September 24, 2021 University of Cincinnati leadership provided an inspiring look at what is possible for a group of Cincinnati Public High School students at the 1819 Innovation Hub, the nerve center of the Cincinnati Innovation District(r) (CID). As part of the "My Brother's Keeper" (MBK) leadership series in Ohio, more than 22 Cincinnati area high school students enjoyed a fun-filled day engaging with leaders at UC's 1819 Innovation Hub, learning about career opportunities through the CID and how to achieve a college degree in IT or cyber security through UC's Early IT program. 'Strength in Immunity' vaccination drawing winners announced September 23, 2021 The University of Cincinnati is awarding prizes in the weekly 'Strength in Immunity' drawing. To further encourage vaccination against COVID-19, the university is conducting weekly drawings for gift cards in varying amounts of $2,500 or $5,000. In all, the university will award nearly $50,000. 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