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Research News
A Brain with "Multiple Demand" Is What Drives Human Reasoning,
Scientists Say
* johoe. 3344
* deungrogil. 2021.09.02
* jagseongja. External Relations Team
Neuroscientists develop a new approach to better understand the
neural mechanism underlying deductive and inductive reasoning
Reasoning is an ability that is unique to human cognition. However,
despite our advances in neuroimaging techniques, we cannot clearly
map the neural regions involved in human reasoning. In a new study,
researchers from Korea came up with a new approach to understand the
foundations of both inductive and deductive reasoning and identify
the major brain areas responsible, paving the way for uncovering the
mechanisms of various other cognitive processes.
[]
Prof. Hyeon-Ae Jeon (left) and Mr. Minho Shin (right) from Daegu
Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Korea, who led
the trailblazing study on human reasoning.
One of the factors that make us uniquely "human" is our ability to
reason, i.e., to cognitively analyze situations, predict possible
outcomes, and make decisions accordingly. Broadly speaking, human
reasoning can be classified as "inductive," which involves making
predictions based on existing knowledge, and "deductive," in which
definitive conclusions are reached from given premises. However,
despite the cutting-edge technology we have at our disposal,
neuroscientists are yet to pinpoint where this ability stems from.
Scientists typically use a global approach called "meta-analysis," a
statistical method combining results of previous studies to derive
conclusions. However, meta-analyses in this field have not adequately
accounted for the complex folded geometry of the cortical surface
(the surface of the two brain hemispheres).
Now, a recent study published in Cerebral Cortex could be the
trailblazer for new insights into the matter. Prof. Hyeon-Ae Jeon
from Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST),
Korea, and her PhD student Minho Shin have developed a new
meta-analysis method called "Bayesian meta-analysis of the cortical
surface" (BMACS) that infers spatial patterns of brain activity
during reasoning (both inductive and deductive) from peak brain
activations data by applying the log Gaussian Cox processes to the
cortical surface. "We went with the most appropriate and rigorous
approach, given the scarcity of studies using cortical surface-based
analysis," explains Prof. Jeon. "Our method not only factors in the
folded cortical surface geometry but also reduces the computation
time significantly compared to previous meta-analyses methods."
The duo applied BMACS to data collected from 74 studies and found
that the pattern of activations for both inductive and deductive
reasoning were located in a set of brain regions commonly known as
"the multiple-demand (MD) system" that has been known to be involved
in different kinds of cognitive challenges such as the selection of
task-relevant stimuli of a current cognitive operation, swift
reorganization with changing context, and separation of successive
stages of task steps, which are intrinsic to the underlying mechanism
for humans' flexible thoughts and problem- solving.
"Our study suggests that the reasoning process occurs in a dynamic
way, being closely interwoven with numerous cognitive processes and
being intrinsic to human high-level cognition," says Prof. Jeon,
excited by their findings. "We hope that BMACS will be applied for
future cortical surface-based studies and will help unveil the neural
mechanisms of diverse cognitive processes."
[]
What drives decision-making? Scientists from DGIST, Korea, have come
up with a new method that helps answer this age-old puzzle.
---
For more information, contact:
Jeon, Hyeon-Ae, Associate Professor
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
E-mail: jeonha@dgist.ac.kr
Associated Links
Research paper in Cerebral Cortex
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/bhab174
Journal Reference
Minho Shin, Hyeon-Ae Jeon, A Cortical Surface-Based Meta-Analysis of
Human Reasoning, Cerebral Cortex, 2021;, bhab174
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DGIST Tenure-Track Faculty Public Invitation in the first
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+ Stem cells model genetic risk for developing Alzheimer's
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DGIST Tenure-Track Faculty Public Invitation in the first
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DGIST Faculty Positions in the second half of 2020
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+ Stem cells model genetic risk for developing Alzheimer's
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Stem cells model genetic risk for developing Alzheimer's
disease
+ A Brain with "Multiple Demand" Is What Drives Human
Reasoning, Scientists Say
A Brain with "Multiple Demand" Is What Drives Human
Reasoning, Scientists Say
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detecting objects based on aerial photographs via
industry-academia collaboration
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Economic Zone Innovation Ecosystem Creation Project
DGIST Selected as Supervising Institute for 2021 Free
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DGIST selected for "Multidisciplinary Research Projects for
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