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Subscription failed Subscribe for free Thank you for subscribing! 12 hours ago - Technology U.S. and key allies accuse China of Microsoft Exchange cyberattacks Ina Fried, author of Login Illustration: Eniola Odetunde/Axios The U.S., NATO and other allies are collectively calling out China for malicious cyberattacks, including a March attack that exploited a flaw in Microsoft's Exchange Server. Why it matters: It's the first time that NATO, a military alliance founded in 1949 to confront the Soviet Union, has signed onto a formal condemnation of China's cyber activities. Zoom in: Authorities are detailing more than 50 different techniques that Chinese state-sponsored actors used, and offering up recommended mitigations that businesses and organizations can take. * The U.S. says that China's Ministry of State Security is using contract hackers to conduct the attacks, many of which are being done for profit, including via ransomware. * The U.S., NATO, European Union, U.K., Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Japan say they can now, "with high confidence," attribute the March attack using the Exchange flaw to cyberattackers affiliated with China's state security ministry. That attack crippled thousands of computers around the world. As part of Monday's announcement, the Justice Department unveiled criminal charges against four Ministry of State Security hackers for a "multiyear campaign targeting foreign governments and entities in key sectors, including maritime, aviation, defense, education, and healthcare in a least a dozen countries." Between the lines: There are a number of countries that have been blamed for past cyberattacks, including China, Iran, Russia and North Korea. * The U.S. says Russian government hackers have been known to sometimes also "moonlight" in for-profit attacks, but in this case it was the Chinese military working directly with the attackers. What's next: The U.S. says it has raised the concerns with Chinese authorities and said it hasn't ruled out a further response, but also cautioned that no one action is likely to deter China. * Rather, the administration is pointing to a number of recent steps taken on cybersecurity including executive orders, work with the EU and G7 and new rules for pipeline and other critical infrastructure providers. The big picture: NATO leaders last month took their strongest position yet on the threat from China, releasing a communique that characterized Beijing's growing influence, military prowess and assertive behavior as "systemic challenges to the rules-based international order." Go deeper Axios 2 hours ago - Politics & Policy Federal judge upholds Indiana University's vaccine mandate A vaccination center at UNLV in Las Vegas. Photo: Ethan Miller/Getty Images A federal judge on Monday gave colleges their first major win in the battle to require that students be vaccinated. Why it matters: Many students and parents consider these mandates essential to safely returning to campus. 586 colleges nationwide have some form of vaccine mandate, per The Chronicle of Higher Education. Go deeper (<1 min. read) Andrew Freedman Updated 3 hours ago - Science FEMA chief heads West as large wildfires rage, heat wave peaks Fire engulfs trees at the Tamarack fire in Central California on Saturday. Photo: Ty O'Neil/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images FEMA administrator Deanne Criswell will make her first trip to wildfire-affected states amid another dangerous week of extreme heat and "critical" fire weather conditions, Axios has learned. Why it matters: The West is experiencing its worst drought this century, and repeated, extreme heat waves have dried out forests and grasslands, priming them to burn. Officials are gearing up for an unprecedented, prolonged peak fire season. Go deeper (1 min. read) Sam Ro 5 hours ago - Economy & Business The recession officially ended in April 2020 Illustration: Sarah Grillo/Axios The U.S. economic recession triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic officially ended in April 2020, the National Bureau of Economic Research said Monday. By the numbers: The NBER initially said the recession brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic began in February 2020, making this is the shortest recession on record. Go deeper (<1 min. read) Axios gets you smarter, faster with news & information that matters. Copyright Axios Media, 2021 About About Axios Advertise with us Careers Events Axios on HBO Axios HQ Privacy and terms Online tracking choices Contact us Subscribe Axios newsletters Axios app Axios podcasts Courses Earn Axios rewards