https://www.brown.edu/news/2021-01-21/vagme Skip to Main Content Brown University News from Brown Site Navigation * Featured Events * For Journalists Search Menu Topics Science and Technology Date January 21, 2021 Media Contact Kevin Stacey [email protected] 401-863-3766 All News Share Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email Researchers develop new graphene nanochannel water filters Brown University researchers have shown that tiny channels between graphene sheets can be aligned in a way that makes them ideal for water filtration. PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] -- When sheets of two-dimensional nanomaterials like graphene are stacked on top of each other, tiny gaps form between the sheets that have a wide variety of potential uses. In research published in the journal Nature Communications, a team of Brown University researchers has found a way to orient those gaps, called nanochannels, in a way that makes them more useful for filtering water and other liquids of nanoscale contaminants. "In the last decade, a whole field has sprung up to study these spaces that form between 2-D nanomaterials," said Robert Hurt, a professor in Brown's School of Engineering and coauthor of the research. "You can grow things in there, you can store things in there, and there's this emerging field of nanofluidics where you're using those channels to filter out some molecules while letting others go through." There's a problem, however, with using these nanochannels for filtration, and it has to do with the way those channels are oriented. Like a notebook made from stacked sheets of paper, graphene stacks are thin in the vertical direction compared to their horizontal length and width. That means that the channels between the sheets are likewise oriented horizontally. That's not ideal for filtration, because liquid has to travel a relatively long way to get from one end of a channel to the other. It would be better if the channels were perpendicular to the orientation of the sheets. In that case, liquid would only need to traverse the relatively thin vertical height of the stack rather than the much longer length and width. But until now, Hurt says, no one had come up with a good way to make vertically oriented graphene nanochannels. That is until Muchun Liu, a former postdoctoral researcher in Hurt's lab, figured out a novel way to do it. A schematic of the filter design Liu's method involves stacking graphene sheets on an elastic substrate, which is placed under tension to stretch it out. After the sheets are deposited, the tension on the substrate is released, which allows it to contract. When that happens, the graphene assemblage on top wrinkles into sharp peaks and valleys. "When you start wrinkling the graphene, you're tilting the sheets and the channels out of plane," said Liu, who is now a researcher at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "If you wrinkle it a lot, the channels end up being aligned almost vertically." Once the channels are nearly vertical, the assemblage is encased in epoxy, and the tops and bottoms are then trimmed away, which opens the channels all the way through the material. The researchers have dubbed the assemblages VAGMEs (vertically aligned graphene membranes). "What we end up with is a membrane with these short and very narrow channels through which only very small molecules can pass," Hurt said. "So, for example, water can pass through, but organic contaminants or some metal ions would be too large to go through. So you could filter those out." Proof-of-concept testing demonstrated that water vapor could pass easily through a VAGME, while hexane -- a larger organic molecule -- was filtered out. The researchers plan to continue developing the technology, with an eye toward potential industrial or household filtering applications. The research was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program (P42 ES013660). Tags School of Engineering Related news: Science and Technology New technique builds super-hard metals from nanoparticles January 22, 2021 Brown University researchers have shown a way to make bulk metals by smashing tiny metal nanoparticles together, which allows for customized grain structures and improved mechanical and other properties. Read Article Open details for New technique builds super-hard metals from nanoparticles Science and Technology Brown brain scientist wins early-career award from National Academy of Sciences January 21, 2021 Michael J. Frank, a Brown professor who directs the Center for Computational Brain Science in the Carney Institute for Brain Science, was named one of two recipients of this year's Troland Award. Read Article Open details for Brown brain scientist wins early-career award from National Academy of Sciences Science and Technology As the brain plans movements, the middle frontal gyrus is listening January 12, 2021 A brain-computer interface study reveals one brain region's surprising role in planning movements exclusively in response to sounds. Read Article Open details for As the brain plans movements, the middle frontal gyrus is listening Brown University Providence, RI 02912 401-863-1000 Quick Navigation * Visit Brown * Campus Map * A to Z * Contact Us Footer Navigation * News * Events * Campus Safety * Accessibility * Careers at Brown Brown Together The campaign for building on distinction Give To Brown Social Navigation * Facebook * Instagram * LinkedIn * Snapchat * Twitter * YouTube (c) Brown University Brown University For You Current Students Faculty Staff Parents & Families Alumni Friends & Neighbors Search Menu Mobile Site Navigation Mobile Site Navigation + Featured Events + For Journalists Topics * Arts and Humanities * Environment * Health and Medicine * News and Events * Science and Technology * Social Sciences * Student Life * University Initiatives Mobile Secondary Navigation Navigation * About * Events * For You * Give to Brown All of Brown.edu People News [ ] Search [ ] Search people Advanced Search [ ] Search Close Search Researchers develop new graphene nanochannel water filters Open details for Researchers develop new graphene nanochannel water filters Bookmark this Page