NOTE—The references are in all cases to the pages, not to the paragraphs.

• A
• Accuracy of tools, to test, 366
• ”” rules, to test, 33
• Acids, 127
• Adjusting rod, to use, 433
• Agate, 164
• Akerman on hardening, 77
• Alcohol, 132
• ”and glycerine on oilstones, 192
• Alloys, 57
• ”properties of, 108
• ”that melt at certain temperatures, 82
• Alum, 128
• Aluminium, 103, 110
• ”bronze, 104, 110
• ”solders, 113, 116
• Amalgams, 105
• American chucks, 224
• Ammonium, chloride of, 128
• Angle of cutting edges, 235
• Angles of escapement, to measure, 465
• ”measurement of, 26
• ”to construct equal, 44
• ”to subdivide, 44
• Annealing brass, 96
• ”steel, 72
• Anvil, to harden face of, 88
• Appliances for watchmakers, 189
• Aqua Regia, 127
• Arbor, barrel, to make, 409, 420
• ”””repair, 428
• ”””true, 429
• ”chuck for wheel-cutting, 224, 337
• ”to straighten, 505
• ”nut, to drill, 425
• ””diameter of, 425
• ”set-hands, to adjust, 451
• ”””tighten, 294
• Area, measurement of, 25
• Arithmetic, importance of, 17
• Arithmetical ratio, 22
• Automatic blow-pipe, 201
• Ayr stone, 135
• Axis of crystallization, 166
• B
• Back rests, 253
• Balance, pivots, form of, 400
• ”poise of, 401
• ”protector, 265
• ”spring stud index, 280
• ”to make plain, 436
• ”vibrations of, 460
• Balances, proportions of, 401
• Balance spring, action of, 473
• ”” collet tool, 286, 474
• ”” gauge, 475
• ”” to center, 377
• ”””clean, 384
• ”””draw, 47
• ”””flatten, 477
• ”””select, 478
• ”””weaken, 477
• Balance-springs, palladium, 107
• ””platinum, 107
• Balas ruby, 162
• Bands, 219
• Barrel-arbor, to make, 409, 420
• ”””repair, 428
• ”””true, 429
• ”cover, to make, 410
• ”going, to put together, 385
• ”hole to bush, 412
• ”hook, to fix, 411
• ”clock, to make, 420
• ”to examine, 379
• ”” make, 409
• ”” oil, 388
• ”” repair, 379, 412
• ”” true, 379, 413
• ”” upright, 413
• Bars, to make, 409
• Baths for hardening, 78
• Beaupuy burnishers and files, 195
• Beat block, 266
• Beginners, aids for, 381
• Bell-metal, 98
• Belts for lathes, 219
• Bench, 189, 221
• Bent pivot, to redress, 454
• Benzine, 133, 384
• Berlioz rounding-up cones, 362
• Berzelius pastile, 498
• Black polish on steel, 154
• Bleaching silver dials, 487
• Blow-pipes, 199
• Blow-pipe, gas, 201
• ”automatic, 201
• Blue polishing stone, 135
• Blueing steel, 86
• Board, arrangements of, 177, 189
• “Body” of steel, 70
• Borax as flux for soldering, 128
• Bouchons, movable, 456
• ”to make, 298, 456
• ””rivet, 456
• Brass, 90, 110
• ”cast, 86, 110
• ”dials, to silver, 491
• ”etc., drill blade for, 241
• ”influence of impurities on, 91
• ”plates, to harden, 92
• ”rods, to harden, 95
• ”to anneal, 96
• ”” bronze, 121
• ”” polish, 149
• ”” select, 91
• ”” smooth, 139
• ”wheel teeth, observations on cutting, 346
• ”wheels, to polish, 149, 135
• Brazing, 119
• Breguet spring, to set, 476
• Broaches, 199
• Broaching, 499
• ” a hole round, 499
• Brocot method of hardening brass rods, 95
• Broken screw extractor, 262
• ” ” to remove with alum, 128
• Bronze, 98, 110
• ” aluminium, 103, 110
• ” to render malleable, 98
• Bronzing, 120
• Brush, to clean with, 383
• Brushes, preparation of, 382
• Buff leather, 133
• Burnishers, 198
• ” Beaupuy, 195
• ” to re-face, 198
• Burnishing brass wheels, 135, 149
• Burnt iron, 58
• Bushing barrel holes, 412
• ” pivot-holes, 456
• C
• Caliper, figure-of-8, 197
• ” for heights, etc., 197
• ” micrometer, 270
• ” pallet, 466
• ” rest, jeweling, 249
• ” vernier, 278
• Camphorated oil, 131
• Cannon pinion, to tighten, 449
• Carbon in cast iron and steel, 60
• Carnelian, 164
• Case hardening, 88
• Case, to examine, 389
• Cast brass, 90
• ” iron, 60
• ” steel, 61
• Castings, malleable, 61
• Catgut bands, to join, 219
• Cement, application of, 156
• ” steel, 62
• Center of circle, to find, 44
• Centers, to test truth of, 366
• ” various, 266
• Center wheel, 379
• ” ” to oil, 388
• Centering attachments, 253
• ” from circumference, 307
• ” in wax, 157, 314
• ” methods of, 305
• ” rods, 285, 385
• Chain, fusee, to ease, 434
• Chain hook, to rivet, 434
• Chalk for cleaning, 382
• Chamfering tools, 281, 283
• Charcoal for polishing, 133
• ” used for smoothing, 133
• Chinese bronzing, 121
• Chloride of ammonium, 128
• ” of zinc as flux for soldering, 118
• Chrysolite, 163
• Chucks, 224
• Circle, divisions of, 24
• ” sub-division of, 52
• ” to find center of, 44
• Circular oil stones, 191
• Circumference, ratio to diameter, 25
• ” to center from, 307
• Cleaning brushes, 383
• ” files, 193
• ” gold or gilt objects, 125
• ” metal dials, 491
• ” nickel movements, 101
• ” rough steel, 75
• ” watches, 382
• Clock barrel, to make, 420
• ” dials, to clean, 491
• ” hands, to blue, 86
• ” pinions, to polish, 443
• ” to time rapidly, 394
• Closing barrel holes, etc., 295
• Cocks, to make, 409
• Colcothar of vitriol, 135
• Cold gilding without mercury, 122
• ” hammering, 74, 92
• Collet, balance spring, tool, 286
• Coloring gold dials, 493
• Compass, proportional, 37
• Compasses, 196
• Conductivity, 110, 112
• Copper, 89
• ” alloys with gold, 102
• ” to bronze, 120
• Cord of lathe, 219
• Countershaft, 220
• Counting vibrations, 394
• Cover of barrel, groove for, 410
• ””” to make, 410
• Crocus, 135
• Crossing out a wheel, 435
• Crossings of wheel, to mark, 298
• ” to renew broken, 440
• Crystallization, axis of, 166
• Cube root, 20
• Curb, to adjust, 415
• Cutters, to adjust form of, 353
• ” for jewels, 165
• ” ” making grooves, etc., 312
• ” ” slide rest, 286
• ” ” steel wheels, 347
• ” ” teeth, various kinds, 339
• ” rose and star, 349
• ” rounding up, to make, 331
• ” tool for making wheels, 353
• ” to sharpen slide rest, 287
• ” wheel, to make, 339
• Cutting a file, 194
• ” edge, angles of, 235
• ” faces of gravers, forms of, 239
• ” glass, 498
• ” wheels, observations on, 310, 348
• Cylinder escape wheel, to test, 290
• ” to oil, 388
• ” ” pivot a, 454
• ” ” polish mechanically, 468
• D
• Dead smoothing, 143
• ” surface of gold, to restore, 126
• Decantation, 136
• Definitions, geometrical, 23
• Degrees of circle defined, 24
• Demagnetizing watches, 403
• Density, 108
• Depth caliper, 197
• Depths, application of laws of, 458, 460
• ” in stem-wind work, 462
• ” theoretical and practical, 458, 460
• ” to ease, 365
• ” ” secure good, 457
• ” visible and invisible, to test, 377
• Depthing tool, to test accuracy of, 368
• Design, to transfer, 30
• Dial, enamel, to cut hole in, 484
• ””” drill, 480
• ””” reduce diameter of, 486
• ””” remove figure from, 486
• ” plate, to cut, 479
• ” to file hole in, 481
• ” ” remove enamel from back of, 482
• Dials, enamel for, 160
• ” fixed by feet, 483
• ””” screws, 482
• ” gold, to restore, 493
• ” metal, to clean, 491
• ” silver, to restore, 487
• ” to paint hours on, 495
• ” ” repair, 161
• Diamond, 161
• ” drill, to use, 169
• ” ” and gravers, 162, 173
• ” for polishing, 162
• ” powder, drilling with, 168
• ” ” to prepare, 135
• Diamantine for polishing, 134, 154
• Diameter, ratio to circumference, 25
• Dies for screw-making, 315
• ” ” wheel-making, 438
• Dividing plate, 298
• ” scales, etc., 48
• ” table, micrometrical, 48
• Dome, freedom of, 389
• Douzieme gauge, 196
• Draw-plate, 298
• Drawing, geometrical, 28, 40
• ” instruments, 32
• ” scales, 33
• ” to reduce a, 40
• Drawn steel, advantages of, 71
• Drifting, 296, 415, 502
• Drifts, to make, 296, 422
• Drill, diamond, 162, 173
• ” rest, 267
• Drilling a barrel-arbor, 423
• ” enamel dial, 480
• ” glass, 498
• ” in the lathe, 308
• ” lubricants for, 480
• ” precautions in, 242, 244
• ” tool, to test accuracy of, 366
• ” with diamond powder, 168
• Drills for oil-cups, 281
• ” to make, 244
• ” ” mount diamond, 173
• ” various, 241
• Duplex ruby-roller, to make, 173
• E
• Elasticity of steel, 70, 84
• Electro-gilding, 124
• Elements of practical geometry, 23
• Elevation defined, 28
• Ellipse, to draw, 46
• Emery, 134
• ” paper, to make, 134
• ” wheels and sticks, 134
• Enamel, 159
• ” false, 161
• ” to apply cold, 160
• ” ” remove from back of dial, 482
• ” dial, to cut hole in, 484
• ” ” ” drill, 480
• ” ” ” erase figure from, 486
• ” ” ” reduce diameter of, 486
• ” dials fixed by feet, 483
• ” ” ” by screws, 482
• Endshake, 375
• Endstone, to fix, 159
• ” ” make, 171
• Engine, wheel-cutting, 330
• English movement, to examine, 389
• Engraved design, to transfer, 30
• Epicycloidal depths, 459
• Equaling file, to cut, 194
• Erasing figure from enamel dial, 486
• Escapements, action of, 376
• ” gauges for, 465
• ” play of pivots in, 452
• ” to examine, 391
• ” ” measure angles of, 465
• ” ” oil, 387
• Escapewheel, clip for holding, 289
• ” to test, 290
• ” cock passage, to turn, 312
• Essences for cleaning, 133, 384
• Examining watches, 371, 389
• Expansion, 109
• Extracting broken screws, 128, 262, 317
• ” square root of numbers, 21
• Eyesight, to preserve, 175
• F
• Face-plate, 257
• ” universal, 257
• False ruby, 163
• Figure-of-8 calliper, 197
• File, to cut equaling, 194
• ” ” round-up teeth with, 363
• ” use of, 178, 193
• Files, Beaupuy, 195
• ” to clean, 193
• ” ” renew, 193
• ” ” set in handles, 193
• Filing block, 269
• ” fixture, 268
• ” flat, 179
• ” rest, 269
• ” square by hand, 179, 182, 500
• Finger-piece, to make, 418
• Flat filing, 179
• ” ” device for, 182
• ” polishing, tool for, 302
• Fletcher furnaces, 201
• Fluxes for soldering, 117
• Foot-wheel, 218
• Fourth wheel, uprighting of, 379
• Fraise, Ingold, 362
• Freedom of various parts, 378, 375, 391
• Frosted surface on steel, to produce, 144
• Frosting silver dial, 487
• Furnace temperatures, table of, 78
• Furnaces, wind and muffle, 201
• Fusee, advantages of, 432
• ” to adjust, 433
• ” ” snail, 145
• ” watch, to examine, 389
• Fusion, points of, 110, 112
• G
• Gauges, 196
• ” for balance-springs, 475
• ” ” escapements, 465
• ” movement, table of, 462
• ” registering, 274
• ” staff, 275
• Geneva movement, to examine, 374
• Geometrical drawing, 28
• ” proportion, 22
• ” ratio, 20
• Geometry, elements of practical, 23
• ” importance of, 17
• German silver, 100, 110
• Gilding, 122
• ” bath, to prepare, 124
• Gilt objects, to clean, 125
• Glass, to cement, 157
• ” ” cut, 498
• ” ” drill, 498
• ” use of, 175
• Glue, application of, 156
• Glycerine and alcohol on oilstones, 191
• Gold, 101, 110
• ” to clean, 126
• ” ” deaden surface, 126
• ” ” prepare in powder, 128
• ” copper alloys, 102
• ” ” dials, to restore, 493
• ” solders, 114, 116
• ” springs, 102, 478
• Graduations of scales, etc., 49
• Grain of steel, 68
• Graining prior to gilding, 125
• ” steel, 144
• Grammaire, 298
• Gravers, diamond, 162
• ” to mount diamond, 162
• ” use of, 178
• ” various, 238
• Grinder, traverse spindle, 258
• Grindstone, 192
• Groove, circular, to cut, 311
• ” for barrel-cover, to make, 410
• ” straight, to make, 312
• ” to turn, 312
• H
• Hairspring, see Balance spring.
• ” stud index, 280
• Hairspringing collet tool, 286
• Hammer hardening, 68, 74, 92
• Hand fitting pliers, 288
• ” holder, 287
• ” to enlarge hole in, 287
• ” ” set in position, 497
• ” turning tools, 238
• Hands, freedom of, 373
• ” to blue, 86
• ” ” to redden, 497
• ” ” tighten, 287
• Handles, to set tools in, 198
• Hard steel, to drill, 243
• ” ” ” turn, 185
• Hardening brass, 92
• ” gold spring, 478
• ” solutions, 77
• ” steel, methods of, 77
• ” ” precautions in, 79
• ” ” temperature for, 68, 81
• Hardness of jewels, to test, 166
• ” ” steel, 82
• ” scale of, 111
• Health, preservation of, 175
• Heat, mode of applying, to temper, 84
• ” of furnaces, table of, 78
• Homogeneity of steel, 68
• Hone slates, 134
• Holder, escape wheel, 289
• ” for watch-hand, 287
• Holes, methods of tapping, 323
• Hook, chain, to rivet, 484
• ” to fix in barrel, 411
• Hooks for catgut bands, 219
• Hooked gravers, 288
• Hours, to paint on dials, 495
• ” wheel, freedom of, 374
• Hydrochloric acid, 127
• ” ” flux for soldering, 118
• Hydrofluoric acid, 127
• Hydrogen in palladium, 107
• I
• Idlers, 222
• Impurities in brass, their influence, 90
• ” ” steel ” ”, 88
• Index, to ease, 478
• Ingold fraise, 362
• Inks for painting dials, 496
• Instruments, drawing, 82
• Involute depths, 458
• Iridium, alloy with platinum, 107
• Iron, cast, 60, 110
• ” for soldering, 118
• ” its properties and uses, 57
• ” oxides of, for polishing, 185
• ” to case harden, 88
• ” ” distinguish from steel, 57
• ” ” restore, 59
• ” wrought, 57, 110
• J
• Jewel in pallet, to advance, 463
• ” resetting tool, 299
• ” setting, cutters for, 137
• ” to find axis of, 166
• ” holes, thickness of, 400
• ” ” to make, 168
• ” ” ” set, 171, 298
• ” ” ” smooth and polish, 169
• Jeweling caliper rest, 249
• Jewelry, alloys used for, 102
• ” to clean after soldering, 126
• Jewels, 161
• ” to select, 166
• ” working in, 165
• K
• Keyless pinion, to drift, 503
• ” winding depths, 392, 462
• ” ” wheel, to make, 441
• ” work, need of oil, 383
• ” ” to examine, 392
• L
• Lamps, 190
• Laps for jewelers, 165
• Lathe, 210
• ” attachments, 247
• ” belts, 219
• ” care of, 213
• ” simple form of, 211
• ” for jewel making, 165
• ” large size, 216
• ” to center rods in, 285, 305
• ” band, 219
• Lead, 99, 110
• ” use of, in brass, 90
• Leaves of pinions, to polish, 445
• Leclerre’s vibration counter, 395
• Left-handed screws, to make, 320
• Lever escapement, to examine, 391
• Lift, to measure, 465
• Lines, to connect up, 45
• ” ” draw parallel, 43
• ” ” subdivide, 43
• Liquation, 92
• Local time, 54
• Locking stones, to make, 172
• Longitude, value in time, 55
• Lubrication of whetstones, 191
• M
• Magnetism, to remove, 403
• Mainspring, setting up, 385
• ” to blue, 86
• ” ” make eye, 431
• ” ” reduce height of, 432
• ” ” select, 432
• Malleability, etc., of steel, 70
• Malleable bronze, 98
• ” castings, 61
• ” nickel, 100
• Materials used in horology, 57
• Measurement, exact, 38
• ” of angles, 26
• ” ” triangles, squares, etc., 26
• ” ” various solid bodies 28
• Melting points, 110, 112
• Mercury, 105, 110
• ” to purify, 106
• Metals, 57
• ” to cement, 156
• Methylated spirit, 132
• Micrometers, 196, 270
• Micrometer screw, 39, 48
• Micrometrical dividing table, 48
• Mill cutters for steel teeth, 347
• Milling fixture, 258
• Minute wheel, freedom of, 374
• ” ” to cut, 310
• Mixed oils, 131
• Mortar for making diamond powder 138
• Motion work, to examine, 374
• Motive force, effect of variations in, 402
• Movement, to examine English and American, 389
• Movement, to examine Geneva, 374
• Muffle furnace, 201
• N
• Natural steel, 62, 65
• Nickel, 99, 110
• ” movements, 100
• ” to surface, 147
• ” ” render malleable, 100
• ” silver, 100, 110
• Nitric acid, 127
• O
• Oil, 128
• ” application of, 387
• ” necessary in keyless work, 393
• ” retention of, at center pivots, 378, 386
• ” ” ” on acting surfaces, 132
• ” tests of quality of, 129
• ” to secure permanency in, 130
• Oil-cup chamferers, 281
• Oil-cups, observations on, 282
• ” to polish, 153
• Oilsinks, 131
• Oilstone, 135, 190
• Oilstones, circular, 191
• Oilstone dust, to prepare, 137
• Oriental chrysolite, 163
• ” ruby, 162
• ” sapphire, 163
• Oxides of iron for polishing, 135
• P
• Paillard’s balance-springs, 108
• Painting dials, 495
• Palladium, 107
• ” balance-springs, 108
• Pallets, 463
• Pallet-opening calliper, 466
• ” stone, to alter, 464
• ” ” ” cement, 159
• ” ” ” make, 172
• ” ” ” move, 463
• Pallets, verge, to open or close, 467
• ” ” ” measure, 466
• Paper used in cleaning watches, 385
• Parallel lines, to draw, 42
• Parallelogram, 27
• Pendulum, counting vibrations of, 394
• ” spring, see Balance-spring.
• ” vibrations of, 460
• Permanency in oil, to secure, 130
• Perpendicular, to erect, 41
• Petroleum, use for cleaning, 384
• Pewter, composition of, 99
• Physical properties of alloys, 108
• Pickling dials, 488
• Pinion, cannon, to tighten, 449
• ” hollow, to replace pivot of, 453
• ” leaves, to polish, 445
• ” riveting tool, 294
• ” to drift keyless, 297
• ” ” increase or decrease, 444
• Pinions, etc., cutters for, 349
• ” high and low numbered, 460
• ” sizes of, 443
• ” to make, 442
• Pivot-holes, cleaning, 382
• Pivot polisher, 250
• ” to bush, 456
• Pivots, balance, length of, 377
• ” ” form of, 400
• ” center, 378
• ” play of, 378, 452
• ” replacing broken, 453
• ” to polish mechanically, 454
• ” ” redress bent, 454
• ” ” turn, 183
• Pivoting a cylinder, 454
• Plate, watch, to make, 407
• Plates, brass, to harden, 92
• ” for screw-making, 315
• ” to straighten, 504
• Plating, gold, 124
• ” silver dials, 491
• Platinum, 106
• ” balance-springs, 108
• ” to solder, 131
• Pliers, 196
• ” hand-fitting, 288
• Poise of balance, 401
• Polish, black, on steel, 154
• Polisher, form of, 155
• Polishing brass, 149
• ” circular grooves, 428
• ” cylinder lips, tool for, 468
• ” escape-wheel teeth, 153
• ” flat objects, 302
• ” jewel-holes, 168
• ” machine for pinions, 445
• ” materials, 133
• ” pivots in lathe, 454
• ” powders, to prepare, 136
• ” ratchet teeth, 427
• ” sinks and oil-cups, 153
• ” steel, 153
• ” stones, Cadot’s, 136
• Positions, timing in, 399
• Post, to adjust, 415
• Powers of numbers, 20
• Precious stones, 161
• ” ” working in, 164
• Preservation of health, 175
• Prime numbers, 18
• Proportion of numbers, 22
• ” ” balances, 401
• Proportional compass, 37
• Protractor, 33
• Puddled steel, 62
• Pulleys, 222
• Pumice-stone, 135
• Punch, centering, 285
• ” riveting, 198
• Putty powder, 135
• R
• Radius defined, 24
• Railway time, 55
• Ratchet, to renew barrel-arbor, 425
• ” ” smooth, 140
• ” ” snail, 141
• ” teeth, to cut in lathe, 310
• ” to polish, 427
• Ratio, 25
• Receipts for watchmakers, 407
• Red-stuff, 135
• Re-facing burnishers, 198
• Registering gauge, 273
• Regulating a clock, 398
• ” ” watch, 396
• Renewing files, 193
• Repairing watches, 371
• Resetting jewels, 300
• Resin as flux for soldering, 117
• Resist for use in gilding, 125
• Retention of oil on acting surfaces, 132
• Riveting stake and punch, 198
• Rods, brass, to harden, 95
• ” to straighten, 504
• Roller remover, 264
• ” to make duplex, 173
• Roots of numbers, 20
• Rose cutters, 349, 357
• Rottenstone, 135
• Rouge, 135
• Rough steel, to clean, 75
• Roughing files, 193
• Round hole, to broach, 499
• Rounding-up attachment, 259
• ” ” cones, 362
• ” ” cutters, to make, 331
• ” ” teeth by hand, 363
• ” ” tools, 330, 359
• Rubitine, 134
• Ruby, 162
• ” false, 163
• ” roller, to make duplex, 173
• Rust, to remove and to prevent, 58
• S
• Sal-amoniac as flux for soldering, 128
• Salts, 128
• Sapphire, 163
• Sapphirine, 134
• Scale, to remove, from steel, 75
• Scales used in drawing, 33
• Scratch-brushing, 125
• Screw dies, 315
• ” head sinking tools, 260
• ” ” to smooth, polish and slit, 143, 301
• ” micrometer, 39
• ” plates, to make, 316
• ” ” and taps, 315
• ” rapid mode of making, 326
• Screws, double and treble threaded, 381
• ” left-handed, 320
• ” to blue, 86
• ” ” make internal and external, 315
• ” ” extract broken, 128, 262, 317
• ” tray for, 381
• Sealing-wax as cement, 155
• Seconds circle, to fix, 484
• ” ” ” make hole for, 484
• Sector, 36
• Semi-cylindrical drill, 245
• Series of holes, to drill, 309
• Set-hands arbor, to adjust, 451, 294
• ” nut, to make, 449
• ” square, to make, 422, 449, 500
• Setting jewel-holes, 171
• ” ” cutters for, 236
• Set-square, to center with, 286
• Sharpening cutters, 237
• Shear steel, 62, 66
• Shellac as cement, 155
• Shoulders, cutters for making, 236
• ” gravers for turning, 239
• ” to polish square, 155
• ” ” turn square, 183
• Sight, to preserve, 175
• Signs used in calculations, 19
• Silver, 103, 110
• ” dial, to restore, 487
• ” German or nickel, 100, 110
• ” solders, 114
• ” solution for dials, 490
• ” for plating, to apply, 492
• ” ” ” ” prepare, 491
• Sinks in watch plate, 131, 281
• ” to polish, 153
• Sinking tools, 281
• Slates, hone, 134
• Slide rest, 233
• ” cutters, 236
• ” ” to sharpen, 237
• ” turning with, 234
• Sliding tongs, 196
• Smoothing brass wheels, 149
• ” metallic surfaces, 139
• Snailing, circular, 141
• ” steel, 145
• ” tool for, 146
• Soap, application of, 383
• Solders for various metals, 113
• ” hard and soft, 113
• Soldering, 112
• ” fluid, 118
• ” fluxes used in, 117
• ” iron, 118
• ” methods of, 115
• ” to clean jewelry after, 126
• Solid content, measurement of, 28
• ” geometry, 23
• ” squares, 500
• Specific gravity, 110, 111
• ” heat, 110, 111
• Spelter solders, 114
• Spinel ruby, 162
• Spiral, to draw, 47
• Split chucks, 224
• Spotting, circular, 141
• ” machine, 141
• Spring, balance, 473
• Springs, to blue, 86
• Square hole, to drift a, 502
• ” measurement of, 26
• ” root, 21
• ” set hands, to make, 422, 449, 500
• ” shoulders, to turn, 183
• ” to file by hand, 500
• ” winding, to renew, 430
• Squares, solid and hollow, 500
• ” to make, 422, 449, 500
• Staff gauge, 275, 277
• ” to straighten, 505
• Stake, riveting, 198
• Staking tool, 293
• Star cutters, 348, 357
• ” wheel, to true, 417
• ” ” sink, to make, 410
• Steel, 61, 110
• ” characteristics of good, 63
• ” drawn, 70
• ” drill blade for, 242
• ” influence of impurities on, 88
• ” maximum elasticity of, 82
• ” precautions in hardening, 79
• ” preparation of, 72
• ” to anneal, 72
• ” ” braze, 119
• ” ” clean rough, 75
• ” ” determine qualities of, experimentally, 66
• ” ” distinguish from iron, 58
• ” ” polish, 153
• ” ” restore, 59
• ” ” snail, 145
• ” ” smooth, 143
• ” ” temper, 81
• ” ” turn hard, 185
• ” ” whiten, 84
• ” wheels, cutters for, 347
• Stem wind pinion, to drift, 503
• ” ” wheels, to make, 441
• Stepping device, 227
• Sterro, 99, 110
• Stone, pallet, to cement, 159
• Stones for polishing, Cadot’s, 136
• ” precious, 161
• ” to make pallet, 172
• Stool, 190
• Stopping barrel holes, 412
• ” pivot-holes, 456
• Stopwork, proportions of Geneva, 416
• ” to examine English, 389
• ” ” examine Geneva, 374
• Straight groove, to make, 312
• Straightening rods, etc, 504
• Stud index, hairspring, 280
• Studs, to remove, 291
• Subdivision of angles, 44
• ” ” circle, 52
• ” ” lines, 43
• Sulphuric acid, 127
• Surfaces, smoothing of metallic, 139
• Surfacing nickel movements, 147
• Synchrometer, Guilmet’s, 398
• T
• Tailstock, 247
• Tap, to increase diameter of, 323
• Tapping holes, various methods of, 323
• Taps for screw-making, 317
• ” left-handed screw, 320
• Teeth, forms of, 365
• ” of escape wheels, to test, 290
• ” ” lever escape wheel, to polish, 153
• ” ” to cut, 330
• ” precautions in cutting, 341, 346
• ” steel, to polish, 427
• ” to renew in wheel, 439
• ” ” round up, 363
• ” ” true, 440
• Temper, as indicated by blueing, 87
• Temperatures, determined by melting alloys, 82
• ” determination of furnace, 82
• ” of furnace, approximate, 73
• ” of temper colors, 82
• Tempering steel, 82
• Tightening cannon pinions, 293, 449
• ” hands, 294
• ” set hands arbor, 294
• Time, 54
• ” standard, 55
• ” to ascertain true, 54
• Timing in positions, 399
• ” watches and clocks, 394
• Tin, 97, 110
• ” solders, 114, 115
• ” use of, in brass, 90
• Tinning surfaces, 119
• Tool, form of, for turning, 238
• ” for balance spring collet, 286, 474
• ” ” closing barrel holes, etc., 293
• ” ” drifting, 296
• ” ” flat polishing, 301
• ” ” measuring verge pallets, 466
• ” ” polishing cylinder lips, 468
• ” ” ” pinion leaves, 445
• ” ” ” pivots, 454
• ” ” resetting jewels, 299
• ” ” riveting pinions, 293
• ” ” snailing, 146
• ” ” spotting, 141
• ” ” tightening cannon pinions, 293
• ” ” ” hands, 293
• ” ” ” set hands arbor, 293
• Tools, ordinary small, 260
• ” need of good assortment, 187
• ” screw head, 329
• ” for hand-turning, 238
• ” ” making jewels, 165
• ” ” rounding up teeth, 359
• ” ” sinking screw heads, 260
• ” ” watchmakers, 189
• ” to set in handles, 193
• ” ” sharpen turning, 237
• ” ” test accuracy of, 366
• ” ” ” escape wheels, 290
• Tool set, 237
• Tongs, sliding, 196
• Topaz, 164
• Tourmaline plates, 167
• Tracing, 30
• ” from dial, 495
• Train, play of pivots of, 378
• Trains of watches, usual, 394
• Transferring, 30
• Traverse spindle grinder, 258
• Triangles, 26
• Tripoli, 135
• Trueing a barrel, 412
• ” ” ” arbor, 429
• ” ” star-wheel, 417
• ” ” wheel, 440
• Truth of tools, to test, 366
• Turning sphere, tool for, 241
• ” by hand, 238
• ” tools, forms of, 238
• ” ” to grind, 237
• ” velocity in, 235
• ” with either hand, 186
• ” ” slide-rest, 233
• Turpentine, use of, in drilling, 480
• ” Venice, as flux for soldering, 117
• Tweezers, 196
• ” for removing studs, 292
• U
• Universal face-plate, 256
• ” head, 256,303
• Unlocking pallets, to make, 172
• Uprighting a barrel, 413
• ” of center wheel, 378
• ” tool, to test accuracy of, 367
• V
• Velocity in turning, 235
• Verge pallets, to measure, 466
• ” ” ” open or close, 467
• ” to straighten, 505
• Vernier, 37
• ” caliper, 278
• ” gauge, 278
• Vibrations of balance or pendulum, 460
• ” to count, 394
• W
• Watch-glass, to reduce, 499
• ” hand holder, 287
• ” ” to blue, 86
• ” ” ” tighten, 293
• ” plate, to make, 407
• ” to de-magnetize, 403
• ” ” time rapidly, 394
• Watches, to clean, 382
• ” ” put together, 385
• ” ” repair and examine, 371, 389
• ” usual trains of, 394
• Watchmakers’ bench, 221
• ” receipts, 407
• Water, annealing steel in, 73
• ” of Ayr stone, 135
• Watered surfaces on nickel, 147
• ” surfaces, to produce, 139
• Wavy surfaces, to produce, 139
• Wax chucks, 157, 230
• ” to set objects in, 157
• Weight of balance, 401
• Wheel, cutters, 258
• ” ” or punch, 438
• ” ” tool for making, 354
• ” ” to make, 340
• ” cutting engine, 330
• ” ” ” to divide a rule on, 50
• ” ” ” to polish in, 427
• ” foot, 218
• ” mode of holding in cutting, 337
• ” teeth, to cut in lathe, 336
• ” tooth, to renew, 439
• ” to divide, 333
• ” ” make steel, 441
• ” ” mark crossings of, 298
• ” ” rough out, 435
• ” ” straighten, 504
• ” ” true, 440
• Wheels, arbors for cutting, 337
• ” identical, 438
• ” observations on cutting, 346
• ” steel, cutters for, 347
• ” to ease depths of, 365
• ” ” polish brass, 149
• ” ” repair, 439
• Whetstones, 190
• White smoothing, 143
• Whiting, 136
• Wind furnace, 201
• Winding square, to make, 422
• ” ” ” renew, 430
• Wire-drawing plate, 298
• ” gauges, 272
• Work-bench, arrangement of, 189
• Y
• Yellow copper or brass, 90
• Z
• Zinc, 89