[1] Refuse, oil.
[2] Refuse, shell.
[3] Plain confectionery not containing nuts, fruit, or chocolate.
[4] Such vegetables as potatoes, squash, beets, etc., have a certain amount of inedible material, skin, seeds, etc. The amount varies with the method of preparing the vegetables, and cannot be accurately estimated. The figures given for refuse of vegetables, fruits, etc., are assumed to represent approximately the amount of refuse in these foods as ordinarily prepared.
[5] Fruits contain a certain proportion of inedible materials, as skins, seeds, etc., which are properly classed as refuse. In some fruits, as oranges and prunes, the amount rejected in eating is practically the same as refuse. In others, as apples and pears, more or less of the edible material is ordinarily rejected with the skin and seeds and other inedible portions. The edible material which is thus thrown away, and should properly be classed with the waste, is here classed with the refuse. The figures for refuse here given represent, as nearly as can be ascertained, the quantities ordinarily rejected.
[6] Milk and shell.
[7] The average of five analyses of cereal coffee grain is: Water 6.2, protein 13.3, fat 3.4, carbohydrates 72.6, and ash 4.5 per cent. Only a portion of the nutrients, however, enter into the infusion. The average in the table represents the available nutrients in the beverage. Infusions of genuine coffee and of tea like the above contain practically no nutrients.

Table II.—Food consumption of persons in different circumstances, and proposed dietary standards.

(Quantities per man per day.)

No. of Studies Incl. in Av’ge Actually EatenDigestible Fuel Value
Calories		Nutritive Ratio
I:
Protein
gms 		Fat
gms		Carbohydrates gmsProtein
gms 		Fat
gms		 Carbohydrates gms
Persons with Active Work.
Rowing clubs in New England 7 155 177 440 143 168 427 3,955 5.6
Bicyclists in New York 3 186 186 651 171 177 631 5,005 6
Football teams in Connecticut and California 2 226 354 634 208 336 615 6,590 6.6
Prussian machinists 1 139 113 677 128 107 657 4,270 7
Swedish mechanics 5 189 110 714 174 104 693 4,590 5.3
Persons with Ordinary Work.
Farmers’ families in Eastern United States 10 97 130 467 89 124 453 3,415 8.2
Mechanics’ families in United States 14 103 150 402 95 143 390 3,355 7.5
Laborers’ families in large cities of United States 12 101 116 344 93 110 834 2,810 6.3
Laborers’ families in United States (more comfortable circumstances) 2 120 147 534 110 140 518 8,925 7.6
Russian peasants — 129 33 589 119 31 571 3,165 5.4
Swedish mechanics 6 134 79 523 123 75 507 3,380 5.5
Professional Men.
Lawyers, teachers, etc., in United States 14 104 125 423 96 119 410 3,220 7.1
College clubs in United States 15 107 148 459 98 141 445 3,580 7.8
German physicians 2 131 95 327 121 90 317 2,680 4.3
Japanese professor 1 123 21 416 113 19 403 2,345 4
Men with Little or no Exercise.
Men (American) in respiration calorimeter 11 112 80 305 103 76 296 2,380 4.5
Men (German) in respiration apparatus 5 127 80 302 117 76 293 2,430 4
Persons in Destitute Circumstances.
Poor families in New York City 11 93 95 407 86 90 895 2,845 6.9
Laborers’ families in Pittsburg, Pa. 2 80 95 308 74 90 299 2,400 6.8
German Laborer’s family 1 52 32 287 48 30 278 1,640 7.2
Italian mechanics 5 76 38 396 70 36 384 2,225 6.6
Miscellaneous.
Negro families in Alabama and Virginia 39 86 145 440 79 188 427 3,895 9.3
Italian families in Chicago 4 103 111 391 95 105 379 2,965 6.5
French Canadians in Chicago 5 118 158 345 109 150 335 3,260 6.2
Bohemian families in Chicago 8 115 101 360 106 96 3499 2,800 5.3
Inhabitants Java village, Columbian Exposition, 1893 1 66 19 254 61 18 246 1,450 4.7
Russian Jews in Chicago 10 137 103 418 126 98 405 3,135 5
Mexican families in New Mexico 4 94 71 613 86 67 595 3,460 8.7
Chinese dentist in California 1 115 113 289 106 107 280 2,620 4.9
Chinese laundryman in California 1 135 76 566 124 72 549 3,480 5.7
Chinese farm laborer in California 1 144 95 640 132 90 621 3,980 6.2
United States Army ration, peace — 120 161 454 110 153 440 3,730 7.1
German Army ration, peace — 114 39 480 105 37 466 2,275 5.2
Dietary Standards.
Man at hard work (Voit) — 145 100 450 133 95 437 3,270 4.9
Man at moderate work (Voit) — 118 56 500 109 53 485 2,965 5.5
Man with very hard muscular work (Atwater) — 175 [8] [8] 161 [8] [8] 5,500 7.2
Man with hard muscular work (Atwater) — 150 [8] [8] 138 [8] [8] 4,150 6.2
Man with moderately active muscular work (Atwater) — 125 [8] [8] 115 [8] [8] 3,400 6.2
Man with light to moderate muscular work (Atwater) — 112 [8] [8] 103 [8] [8] 3,050 6.1
Man at “sedentary” or woman with moderately active work (Atwater) — 100 [8] [8] 92 [8] [8] 2,700 6.1
Woman at light to moderate muscular work, or man without muscular exercise (Atwater) — 90 [8] [8] 83 [8] [8] 2,450 6.1

[8] Fats and carbohydrates in sufficient amounts to furnish, together with the protein, the indicated amount of energy.